ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺩ /ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﳊﻮﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﻠﻴـــﺔ ﺍجملﺘﻤـــﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺣـــﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ/ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ: ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻸﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺭﺣﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ١٤٢٧ﻫـ ٢٠٠٦ /ﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ א א . א א א א א אא א א א א א א א ،א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א אא א א . ٢ א א א א א ، א . א א א א ، א א א אא א א א ، א א ، א א א א א . א ، א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א ، . א א א א א א א א א . ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺩﺓ א א א א א א א א א א . א א אא א א א ،א א א אא א א א א ، א א . א א ، א א א : اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول :اﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻔﺎهﻴﻢ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ أﺳﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ :ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﻔﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ودﻻﻻت اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﻧﻤﺎذج اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﻔﻲ واﻟﻔﺮص اﻟﻤﻔﺎدة ٣ א ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ א א א א א . א ، א א א א א : ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﻒ: :א א א א א : א א א א ،א א א . א ، א א א א .٣ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ، א א א ١ . א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א ٢ א א א ﺍﻟﻮﻗـﻒ ، . א .1ﺍﳊﺼﻔﻜﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ،ﻣﺼﺮ ،ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﰊ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ.٣٩١/٣ ، .2ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﰲ ،ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ،ﻣﺼﺮ ،ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﰊ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ.١١١/٢ ، א א א א א . 3اﻟ ﺸﺮﺑﻴﻨﻲ ،ﻣﻐﻨ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺘ ﺎج ،ﻣﻄﺒﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺒ ﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺤﻠﺒ ﻲ ،٣٧٦/٢ ،واﺑ ﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣ ﺔ ،اﻟﻤﻐﻨ ﻲ ،اﻟﺮﻳ ﺎض ،ﻣﻜﺘﺒ ﺔ اﻟﺮﻳ ﺎض، ،٥٩٧/٥ ،١٩٨١واﺑﻦ اﻟﻬﻤﺎم ،ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ ،ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ.٤٠-٣٧/٥ ، ٤ א א א א אא א א א א א א א א ، א :א א א ".٢ א ( ) : Endowment א א " א א א א ، ،٣ א א א א א א א א א ،١ ، א .א א Endowment א א א . א ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﻒ: א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ، א א א ، א א . 1ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺳﻌﺔ ،ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﳔﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﲔ ،ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﰊ، .٣٦٩٢/٨ . 2ﻡ .ﺕ .ﻫﻮﺗﺴﻤﺎ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ.١٠١٥٥ -١٠١٥٤/٣٢ ، . 3ﻣﻨﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻠﺒﻜﻲ ،ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﻳﲔ ،١٩٨٧ ،ﺹ .٣١٢ ٥ א א א א א א .١ א א א א א . א א ، א א אא א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א אא . א א א א : :Foundation א א א אא א א א א :א א א ، ، א א א . ، א ،א . א א ، א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א ، ، א א א א :א א . ، א א :Trust . א א ،١ א א אא . 1ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ،ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ،ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﻧﺪﻭﺓ ﳓﻮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ، ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ،ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ،١٩٩٣ ،ﺹ.١٥٧ ٦ א א . א א א א אא א . :א א א )א ( א א א :Non-profit Corporation ، . א א א א א א ،Third Sector א א א א א א profit Sector א . government Sector א א ،א א א א א ، א ، א corporationא א א א Non- ، Non- א א א א ، א א א א א . ﻧﺸﺄة اﻟﻮﻗﻒ وﺗﻄﻮرﻩ: א ، א א א א ، א א א א א א אא ، א א א .٢ א א א א א א א .٣ . 1ﻣﻨﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻠﺒﻜﻲ ،ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ،ﺹ.٩٩٥ . 2ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﲨﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺯﳒﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﻤﻊ :ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺍﻟـﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ، ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﻧﺪﻭﺓ ﳓﻮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ ،ﺹ .١٣٤ . 3ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ،ﻛﻠﻤﺔ Foundation ٧ אא א א א א א א א א א א א ، א ١٦٠١ א .٢ א א א א א א א א ،א א א א א ،א א א א א א א א א א . .٣ א אא א " א א א א א ، א א א א .٤ א א . א .١ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ،٥ א א א א א א . . 1ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ. . 2ﻣﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﲑﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﻲ ،ﲨﻊ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﻄﲑﻱ ،ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻭﱃ، ،١٩٩٤ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﻭﻗﺎﻑ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ،ﺹ .٢٩ . 3ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ،ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ،ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﺔ.١٥/١ ،١٩٤٧ ، . 4ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ،ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ،ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺮﺍﺱ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ،١٩٨٨ ،ﺹ.٧٤ . 5ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ،ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﻱ ،ﻁ ،٢ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗـﻢ .٣١٩/١ ،ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﻌﺎﱐ ،ﺳـﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ،ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺮﺍﺱ ،ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ ،ﺩ .ﺕ.١١٥/٣ ، . ٨ א א ". ١ א א א א ، א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א ، א אא א ، א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ،א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א . . 1هﻮﺗﺴﻤﺎ وﺁﺧﺮون ،ﻣﻮﺟﺰ داﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺎرف اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ.١٠١٥٥/٣٢ ، . 2ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ،ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ،ﺩ .ﺕ ، .ﺹ.١٦ . 3ﺳﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺐ ،ﰲ ﻇﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻕ.٥٤-٥٣/١ ،١٩٧٩ ، ٩ " א ، א א א ، א א . א א א א א א א א א א א .. א א א א אא א . א א א .٢ א ". ٣ א א ، א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻒ واﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎت: א א א א א א א א א א ، א ، א . א א א א א Trust א א Foundation א . Non-profit Corporation א א א א א א א א Charitable Trusts א א א א ، .Philanthropy א א א א ، א א א א א א ،א ، . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א .١ א א א א א א א ، א אא א א א א . א . א א ، אא א א . 1ﻣﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﲑﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﻲ ،ﲨﻊ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﻄﲑﻱ ،ص .٧٤ ١٠ א א א .٢ א א א א א א א א א . א א א . א ؛ א א ، א א א א א א א א א א .١א א א א ، א א א . א א .٣ א ، א א ، א ، א א א . 1ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺯﺑﲑ ،ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ،ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ ﲜـﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺭﻗﻢ ،١٣ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺟﺪﺓ ،ﻁ ،٢٠٠٣ ،٢ﺹ .٤٢ . 2ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ،ﺍﻵﻳﺔ .٦٠ . 3ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ (٢/٤) ٢٧ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻠﺲ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺆﲤﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑـﻊ ﲜـﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ١١-٦ﺷﺒﺎﻁ ،١٩٨٨ﻉ ،٤ﺝ ،١ﺹ .٥١٧ ١١ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻔﻲ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺩﻻﻻﺕ א א א א א א א א . ، א א א א א א א ، ، א א א א א ،א א א א א א א ،א א א א א . א א : א ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻮﻗﻔﻴﺔ: א א א א א אא א א : - א א : א ؛ א א א א א א א א א .١א א א ، ، א א א א א א א א א ،א . . 1ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﲪﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍﱐ ،ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ )ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ(. ١٢ א - א א א . א : א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א ، א Non- א א א א א א א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א ، . א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א . א א .١ א א א א א . א א א א profit Corporationא א ، Private Foundation א - א Public Foundation ، א א א א . 1ﻣﻨﺬﺭ ﻗﺤﻒ ،ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ،ﺹ .٦١ ١٣ א א א א ، א . א א א، א .١ א . א אא א :اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺑﺤﻴﺔ א ، א The Urban Institute, ٢ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، ، א א א ( ١) א א א א א . א א א א א א : ، (٥٦٦٧٤١) א א א . א א ، א ، (١,٤١٣,٧٠٨) א א א National Center for Charitable Statistics א : א א،٢٠٠٥ א א א א א . א (٪٤٠) א . : (١٠٣٨٨٠) ،א א : Private Foundation ،(٪٧٤) א ، א ، ( ٧٧٢٤٨) א א (٪٢٦) א א א א א : א.١ ، א א א : ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ، ﻟﻠﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ. 1 http://nccsdataweb.urban.org The Urban Institute, National Center for Charitable Statistics . 2 ١٤ א א א א א א א א )(٢٤٢ א א )(٪٧٤ Cross Receipts ، א א :Public Charity )(٪٣٩ א א .٢א א ٢٠٠٥ ، )(٤٢١ . א )(٣٣٢٩٨٨ א א )،(٪٦١ א א : Other Nonprofits ، א א )(٪٣٤ א א א א א ، א )(٥٤٨ א א . א )(٪٥٨,٨ )( ١ א א ، א .١ א )(٪٢٧,٦ א . א א א א א א ).(٪١٣,٦ א א א א א )(٥,٥ א )(٪٤٠ א : א א ٢٠٠٥ א א א ، )،(٪٦٦ א א א א א א א א א ، א א א )( ١٥٦٥٠٥ א )(٢,٣ )(٣,٢ א )(٩٠٣ א ٢٠٠٥ . א א ، )(١,٥ א )( ٢ א א א : א ٢٠٠٥ ، .٣א ، א ، א ، א ١٥ א א א א א א א א א، . .٢ א א א א א א א for Charitable Statistics א ، א א א א א א )(٨٤٦,٩٦٧ . א א א א א א א א )(٪٦٠ א א א א א ، )(٥,٥ א א א א .٣ א א א א ، א א א . )(٣,١٣٤ א ٢٠٠٥ א ، א א ، א ، א א Total Incomeא א א א א א ).(٢ א National Center )(٠,١ א ، א א )(٣,٢ א . א ، . א א א )−١٠ א א (١٠٠ א ، )(١٦,٧٨٠ א א . )(١,٢ א א א .٤ ، א א א א א א א א . )،(٪٤٠ א אא א )،(٪٦٠ א א א ١٦ ، . א א א א א א ، . اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻮﻗﻔﻴﺔ: א א א א א א ، א א א א )( ٣ א ، א א ، −א א א א א ، א : )(١٦١,١٤١ )(٦,٣٩٠ ، ، א א )(١٥٤٧٥١ )(٪٤ ،א א א א א ) (٪٤א ، א א : −א א א א ، )(٦١٩٩ )(٧٩ )(٢٠,٥٨٠ )(١٤,٢٠٥ א ، . )،(٪٦٩ א )(٢٣٨ א ٢٠٠٥ )(٨٨ : א א א א א א א א . א . א . : ٢٠٠٥ א ، א א −א א א א א א ، א ، א א א ، א )(٤٤١ א א ، א ١٧ . א א )(٤,٨٨١ )(٤٧٣ א א ).(٪٧٩ ،٢٠٠٥ א א א )(٤٣٥ .א ، א א א א א א א א .١ א א א ؛א ، א א א א ، ، ، )(١,٧٥٤ א א א ،١ )(٢٦ . ، א א א ، א א؛ א ، ،א א א א .٣ א א א א א ، א א א ،٢א א א א )(١٦٧ א ، א א א א א א א א . א א . )(٪٤ א א א ، א א : .٢٠٠٥ .٢ א . א א א )(١,٧ א א א א א א . א א א א א א ، א . . 1ﻳﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ،ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺿـﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﺟـﺪﺍ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﱐ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮﺓ. . 2ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﲪﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍﱐ ،ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ .ﻧﻘﻼ ﻋﻦ :ﻣﺎﺭﰐ ،١٩٨٩ ،ﺹ .٧٢٣ ١٨ א .٤ א א )(٪٤ א ، א ،א א א ، א )(٠,١٧ א א א )(٪٤ . ، א א א א א א א א א . ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺩﺓ )(٣,١٧٦ )(١٠٠ א ، )(٣,٢ )(٣,١٣٤ . א א א. א . א א – א א א א :Foundation א ،א א א א א א ١ ، א אא א . Bill & Melinda Gates א א ، ،א ٢٠٠٠ ، א א א א א א . . 1ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.gatesfoundation.org : ١٩ ٢٠٠٥א )(٢٨ א א ، א א א א ، א א א א א א . א א ؛ א א א א א ، א א א א א א . א א א א א א ٢٠٠٥ : א " א א )(٢٠٠٠ )(١٧٧ )(٢٠ א א א א ، א א א א א א :− א א א ، א )(١٠٠ א א א א، ، א )(٣,٢ א .٢ א א א . א . א. א ٢٠٠٤ )(١٨٦ א א ، א א א א :Rockefeller Foundation א א "، א .١ )(١٩٨ ١٩١٣ א ، א א )(٧,٥ א א א א א א א א א א . 1ﺳﺎﱂ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺳﺤﺎﺏ ،ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﻭﻗﻔﻲ ﲨﻴﻞ ،ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ٦ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ١٤٢٦ﻫـ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ .١٥٤٢٠ . 2ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺭﻭﻛﻔﻴﻠﻠﺮ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱪﻉ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺭﻭﻛﻔﻴﻠﻠﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺸﻴﺲ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎﺗﻦ ﻭﺷـﺮﻛﺔ ﺑـﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﻏﻮ .ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.rockfound.org : ٢٠ א א ، ١٩١١ ٢٠٠٥ . : א א א א א א א،א א (٢,٢) א א א א א א . א אFord foundation א א א . א א . א א א (٥٠) א אא . א א א א א ٤ (٧٥) " א א Henry Luce א א א א א א א א א א "א .٢ א MacArther Foundation ٥ א ، א א א א ٢٠٠١ א، א א ١٩٤٨ א א א א א ٢٠٠١ א، א א א . ١ . Carnegie Corporation ، . − א א א ٣ א ، א ،א א William and Flora Hewlett Foundation www.carnegie.org : ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ. 1 www.Fordfoundation.org : ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ. 2 www.macfound.org : ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ. 3 www.hewlett.org : ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ. 4 www.hluce.org : ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ. 5 ٢١ א Foundation 2 א Sigrid Rausing Trust 4 International א Charles Stewart Mott Foundation ١ א אHuman Concern ٣ א א Sarlo Foundation . א א א א א . א א א، א א ، א א א ". ٥ א א " א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א : −א א א ، א א א א א א א א :٦ א א אא א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א א א א .א א א . 1ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.mott.org : . 2ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.sigrid-rausing-trust.org : . 3ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.humanconcern.org : . 4ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.sfjcf.org : . 5ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻮ ﺟﻼﻝ ،ﳓﻮ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ،ﳎﻠﺪ ،٥ﻋـﺪﺩ ،١ ،١٩٩٧ﺹ .٦٦ .6ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.wakf.com : ٢٢ א א א א א א . א א א א . א א א א א ،א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א . א א א א . א א )(١٠٠ א א א א א א א א א א א ١٩٧٣ )(٣٠٠ א א א ، אא ، א ١ North American Islamic א א א אא א א ، ). Islamic Centers Cooperative Fund (ICCF א א א א א א − א א . א א א א א א . א אא א א א א ): Trust (NAIT א א . −א א א א אא ، א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א . : א ٢ א א א א א ، The Federation of Islamic Organizations . 1ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.nait.net : . 2ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.eu-islam.com : ٢٣ )، in Europe (FIOE א א א ، ، א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א ،א א א א ،א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א ٣ ٤ א .٢ אא א א א א א א ) ،Islamic Society of North America (ISNAא )، The Islamic Circle of The North America (ICNA א א א א א ، Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) ٥א א א א א א א ١ א )، Islamic Assembly of North America (IANA א א א . א א א א א א . . 1ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.iananet.org : . 2ﻭﲡﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﻣﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﲟﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﻂ ﺍـﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻔﺘـﻮﻯ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ) (١٤٠ﻗﺎﺭﺋﹰﺎ. . 3ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.isna.net : . 4ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.relieffonline.org : . 5ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.cair-net.org : ٢٤ اﻟﻔﺮص اﻟﻤﻔﺎدة: א א א א א א א א א א אא ، א א : .١ א א ، א א א ، "א א .٢ א א ".١ א א א א ، . א א א א א אא א א א א . א .٣ א א א א א א א א א א א א .א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א . א ، ، א א א א א א א א א א א א .٤ א א . א א א א א א א א א )(١٠٣٨٨٠ ، . 1ﺣﻠﻤﻲ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﻭﻱ" ،،ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ :ﺃﻱ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺩﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ" ،ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ،١٩٩٩ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ،ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢ ٢٥ א א א א .א א ، א א א א א א א א א ، א א א . א א א אא א א א א . א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ٢٠٠٥ . א א ، )(٣٥٧ .٢ א )(٤٢٧ ، א א )(٢٣٧,٩٦٣ )(٢١٥ א א א א )(٣٨٥,٧٨٦ א א . .٦ א א א . Trust א א .١ אא א א א א א א )(١٠ א א .٥ א א )(١,٤ ، .٣ א )(١٧٥ א )(١٨٦,٢٧٦ א א ، א )(٩٨ ، . 1ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ .٢٠٠٢ The Urban Institute, National Center for Charitable Statistics . 2 Ibid . 3 ٢٦ א א א א א ، .١ א א א א א א א א א א . א א . א א א א : א ، א א א א א א א א א א א . א אא ، א א א א א א . .٢ א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א א ، א א א א א . א א ، א א א א א א א א א . א א א . א א אא א א א א א א א " ".١ א א א א א א א ، .1ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺯﻭﻕ،ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ :ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊـﻞ، ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭﻥ ﻻﻳﻦ .٢٠٠٥/٧/١٣ ٢٧ א א א .١ א .٣ א א א א ، א אא א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א .٤ א אא א . ، א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א אא אא א א ، א א א ، .٥ א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א ، א אא א א . א ، א א א א א א א א א . א א א ، ، א א ١٩٨٢ א א ، א א א .1ﲨﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺯﳒﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﻤﻊ :ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﻧﺪﻭﺓ ﳓﻮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ ،ﺹ .١٤٠ ٢٨ א א א א א )(٦٠ א .٦ א א א א א א א א א ، א א ١٩١١ . א א א א א א א א א א א )(١٠,٢ א .١ א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א .٢ א א א א א א א א א .א א . ، א א א א א א )( ٤ א א א א א ١٤٢٢ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א. א )(١٠٠ ، א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א . )(١٩٨,٢ ، . 1ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐwww.jewishphilanthropies.org : . 2ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ،ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ،ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ١٤٢٣ ،ﻫـ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ .١٠٨٨٧ ٢٩ . ، א א .٧ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א ، א א א א . א א א .٩ א א א א . א א א א ،א א א ،א א א א א א ،١ א א א א א א א )(Yale א א ، א א ، )(١٣ א א א א א א א א א . )(٢٢ )(Harvard ، ، א א ٢٠٠٤ א א ، א )(١٠٠ א ، א א א א א ،א א א א א א א א א א א א ،א אא א א א א א .٨ ، א ، . National Association of College and University Business Officers. Web Site: . 1 www.nacubo.org ٣٠ א ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ .١א א א א א ، א א א א .٢ א ، א א א א א . .٣א א א . אא ، א א א א א א .٤ א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א . .٥א א א אא א א ، א ،א א א . א .٦ א א א א א א א א ،א א א א א א א א ٣١ ، ، א א א . א .٧ א א א א ، א א א א א א ٣٢ א א א .א . א א א א א א ٢٠٠٥ א ١ )(١ א א א א א א א א א ٪ א ) ( ٪ א ) ( ٪ א ١٠٣٨٨٠ ٧,٣ − − − − א ٧٧٢٤٨ ١٣,٦ ٢٤١,٧٠٦,٤٥٨,٩٢٢ ١٠,٧ ٤٢١,٠٨٩,٩٣٣,١٤٧ ١٣,٢ א ٨٤٥٢٣٣ ٥٩,٨ − − − − א ٣٣٢٩٨٨ ١,٨٧٦,٠٨٦,٠٦٨,٠٠٥ ٦٥,١ ١,٤٧٦,٨١٨,٠١٣,١٨٦ ٥٨,٨ א א ٥٨,٦ ٤٦٤٥٩٥ ٣٢,٩ − − − − ١٥٦٥٠٥ ٢٧,٦ ٥٤٨,٤١٦,٤٩٤,١٥٦ ٢٤,٢ ٩٠٣,٤٥٥,٥٧٥,٥١٤ ٢٨,٢ ١٤١٣٧٠٨ ١٠٠ − ١٠٠ − ١٠٠ ٥٦٦٧٤١ ٢,٢٦٦,٩٣٤,٩٦٦,٢٦٤ . 1ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ٣٣ ٣,٢٠٠,٦٣١,٥٧٦,٦٦٦ א א א א ١ )( ٢ ) א א ( ١٠٠ א א א א א א א א א ١,١٠٧,٤١٤ ٢٧٣,٧٦٣ ٨٣٣,٦٥١ ٤٦,٠٧٠,١٥٠,٨٣٠ −١٠٠ ٢٥٠ ١٠٣,٨٢٦ ٩٧,٦٦٤ ٦,١٦٢ ٥٥,٧٧٨,٦٦٠,٢٢١ −٢٥٠ ٥٠ ٦١,٤٧٦ ٥٨,٤٦٠ ٣,٠١٦ ٦٨,٤٦٤,٧٣٧,٤٥١ ٤٦,١٠٤ ٤٤,٢٨٦ ١,٨١٨ ٩٨,٧٢٢,٥٤٠,٠٥٧ −١ ٥ ٦٠,٩٣٣ ٥٩,٢٥٧ ١,٦٧٦ ٣٩٢,٦٣٢,٧٦٣,٧٤٤ −٥ ١٠ ١٣,٦٩٠ ١٣,٣٩٧ ٢٩٣ ٢٦٠,٣٨٤,١٨٠,٨٥٦ ١٧,٠٨٩ ١٦,٧٨٠ ٣٠٩ ١,٢٥٠,٩٣٨,٦١٨,٤٢٨ ٣,١٧٦ ٣,١٣٤ ٤٢ ٣,٢٩٤,٥٧٤,٨٩١,٣٤٣ ١,٤١٣,٧٠٨ ٥٦٦,٧٤١ ٨٤٦,٩٦٧ ٥,٤٦٧,٥٦٦,٥٤٢,٩٣٠ −٠,٥ ١٠٠ −١٠ ١٠٠ א . 1ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ٣٤ א א א א א ) ٢٠٠٥ א ١ ( )(٣ א א א ) ( ١٦١,١٤١ − ٦,٣٩٠ ٧٨,٩١٧,٣٧٨,٣٤٨ ٢٠,٥٨٠ − ١٤,٢٠٥ ٢٣٧,٩٩١,٠٤٤,١٧٢ − ٦,١٩٩ א א ٤,٨٨١ ٤٧٣,٠٠٧,٨٤٨,٧١٣ ٣٤٩,٠٦١ − א ) א ( − ٨٧,٨٣٦,٣٣٨,٤٦٦ − ٤٤١,٠٣٣,٤٨١,٥٦٤ − ٤٣٥,٥١٨,٢٢٧,٥١٢ − א ٢٥,٤٧٦ ٧٨٩,٩١٦,٢٧١,٢٣٣ . 1ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ٣٥ ٩٦٤,٣٨٨,٠٤٧,٥٤٢ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ، .١ .א א א ،א א ،א א .١٩٩٣ ، .٢א ، .٣א . א .٤ ، . ، ،٥ א ، .א ،א .٦א .٧ א ، א .٥ : ، . . ، ،א א א ،א .١٩٩٧ ،١ ، .א א ،א א ، .١٩٨٧ ، א א ، . א א ، ١٤٢٣ ،א א ، .١٠٨٨٧ . א א א ، א א ،١٣א א ، א ،٢ ، ، .٢٠٠٣ א .٨א ، . .٩א א ، א א .١٠ ، .١١א .١٢א .١٣ ، ، א ،א ) א ٦ (. א ١٥٤٢٠ א . א ، א א א .א . ، ١٤٢٦א א א . א א ،א ، א " .א א א א א . .١٤א . א א א א א א ، א א א ، ٣٦ ،א . א א .٢٠٠٢ א א "، : ،١٩٩٩ ،א ،א א ، . . ، .١٥ .א א ، .١٦ ، . .١٧ ، .א .١٨א א .א א ، א א ،א .١٩א א .א ، .٢٠ .٢١א .א א א .٢٣ א .٢٦א א א .٢٧א א .٢٨ א א א (. ،١٩٩٤ ،א א א ،א א א ، . . . א . .١٩٩٤ א א א . ، א א א ٣٧ . א . א .٢٠٠٥/٧/١٣ ، א א א א . ، .٢٥א א א ،٢ ، ،א א א ) א ، ،א א א ، ،א א .١٩٧٩ ، ١١−٦ ، א א :א .٢٠٠٠ ، . .١ ،٤ ،١٩٨٨ א א .٢٤א א .١٩٩٣ ، ، א ،א ، .١٩٨١ ، א א ، א ، א א .٢٢ א ، א א ، . א : ،א ، א ،א א א ،א א א .١٩٨٨ ، ، א 1. The Federation of Islamic Organizations in Europe www.eu-islam.com 2. North American Islamic Trust www.nait.net 3. Islamic Assembly of North America www.iananet.org 4. Charles Stewart Mott Foundation www.mott.org 5. Islamic Society of North America www.isna.net 6. National Association of college and university Business Officers www.nacubo.org 7. The Islamic Circle of The North America www.relieffonline.org 8. Human Concern International www.humanconcern.org 9. Rockefeller Foundation www.rockfound.org 10. Sarlo Foundation www.sfjcf.org 11. Sigrid Rausing Trust www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org 12. Ford foundation www.Fordfoundation.org 13. Carnegie Corporation www.carnegie.org 14. MacArther Foundation www.macfound.org 15. Council on American-Islamic Relations www.cair-net.org ٣٨ 16. National Center for Charitable Statistics http://nccsdataweb.urban.org 17. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation www.gatesfoundation.org 18. The Foundation for Jewish Philanthropies www.jewishphilanthropies.org 19. William and Flora Hewlett Foundation www.hewlett.org 20. Henry Luce Foundation www.hluce.org 21. א א www.wakf.com ٣٩
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