‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫)ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ (‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﺭﺑﺪ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺑﺪ ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫‪Banks and financial establishments role in financing‬‬
‫‪small and medium projects.‬‬
‫" ‪" Spotlights on Jordan and Algeria’s experiments‬‬
‫‪small and medium projects occupy an important and a great portion in the economic activity in both‬‬
‫‪Jordan and Algeria .these projects participate in holding a high rate in labor force size , lessing the‬‬
‫‪unemployment size , and achieving the balance between regions and governorates in both Jordan and‬‬
‫‪Algeria , because of their wide spreading , limitation of their financing and their dependence and‬‬
‫‪individual savings‬‬
‫‪specialized banks and financial establishments play a great and important role in financing and‬‬
‫‪developing there projects , because of that , it is required from the banks and financial establishments‬‬
‫‪to offer facilities and easy loans to minimize the required banking guarantees .‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﺣﻴﺰﹰﺍ ﻣﻬﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺃﳘﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﺧ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ,‬ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ‪,‬‬
‫ﻭﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﲤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺑﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻭﻣﻬﻤﹰﺎ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺗﻄـﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺩﻋـﻢ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ‪ ,‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﰲ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻴـﺴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﰐ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺮﻑ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺭﺅﻳـﺔ‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
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‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﻭﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳـﻞ ﻭﻏﲑﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪- :‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰﺃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬
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‫‪19‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﳘﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﳘﺖ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﰒ ﰎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺇﺿـﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﴰﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻷﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻗﺪﱘ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪,‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ‪ ,‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ‪ ,‬ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﳏﺪﺩ ﻭﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻭﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺇﺫ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺑـﺴﺎﻃﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫‬‫ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺀ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺣﺼﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ )ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ (‬
‫‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫‬‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﳏﺪﺩ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ‪-:‬‬
‫‬‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ‪ ,‬ﻓﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ )‪ (9‬ﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳌـﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺻﻐﲑ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﻇﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ )‪ (99-10‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ )‪ (499 -100‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ )‪ (USAID‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﱪﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣـﻦ )‪(10‬‬
‫‬‫ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ )ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪,‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ ( )‪(2‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪ ,‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ‪ /‬ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ )ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ‪ ,‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ /‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪ , 31‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ , 2‬ﲤﻮﺯ ‪ 2004‬ﺹ ‪316‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪(1) :‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ ,‬ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﹰﺍ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺃﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ )‪ (50‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ )‪ (2‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﻨﻴﻪ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﲏ‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ )‪ (175000‬ﺟﻨﻴﻪ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﲏ‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﱐ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻋﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ )‪ (4‬ﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (UNIDO‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﱪﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )‪ (4-1‬ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪,‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﺻﻐﲑﹰﺍ)‪(2‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ )‪ (19 -5‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ,‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ,‬ﳎﻠﺪ ‪ , 25‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ , 1‬ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪ 2005‬ﺹ ‪8‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺑﻼﻝ ﺍﳊﻤﻮﺭﻱ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺪﻱ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪2003‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (4‬ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2004‬ﻡ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫" ﻛﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﹰﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﹰﺎ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺭﺃﲰﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻉ ﻋﻦ )‪ (50‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﺟﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻼ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﻨﻴﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (50‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ‪0‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﰎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻇﻒ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ )‪ (10‬ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻇﻒ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻮﺩﻱ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ )‪ (49 -10‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ )‪(2‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ )‪ (50‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﻫﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﱵ ﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪,‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ ,‬ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻹﲤﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪/‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻳﺎﺭ ‪ 2005‬ﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ‪ /‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﺃﻳﺎﺭ ‪ 2005‬ﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ -:‬ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺭﲰﻲ ﳏﺪﺩ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺳﲔ ‪ ,‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻇﻒ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ )‪ (5‬ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻓﺘﻮﻇﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻼ )‪(1‬‬
‫)‪ (50-20‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺩ ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﻣﻮﻝ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻇﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ )‪ (15-5‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ) ‪(2‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ )‪ (25 -16‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 2000‬ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ )‪(3‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺻﻐﲑ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫)‪ (4-1‬ﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺻﻐﲑ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫)‪ (19-5‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫)‪ (49-20‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﱐ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪2002‬‬
‫‪Abdel jabew karmoul , promoting smjs in Jordan‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪amman ,1996‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2000‬ﻡ‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻣﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2001‬ﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ )ﺍﳌﺼﻐﺮﺓ(‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫‪250-50‬‬
‫‪49-10‬‬
‫‪9-1‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ)ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ( ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ )ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ 200‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ – ‪ 2‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ 200‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ 20‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫)‪ (500-100‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ 100‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ 10‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪ /‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻋﻨﺘﺮ ‪ ,‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻠﻮﻧﺎﺱ ‪ /‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﻗﺪﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻜﺎﺩﺍ‪ ,‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ 2003‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (1‬ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ )ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ( ﻭ) ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ -:‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪0‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ ,‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﳚﺎﺯ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ( ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺷﺠﻌﺖ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﺭﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻠﺺ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (1997– 73‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ , 1995‬ﺹ ‪33‬‬
‫ﺃ‪-‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﲏ ﺣﺴﲔ ‪ /‬ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﺘﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ 2004/2‬ﺹ ‪90‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ‪ ,‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺎﻕ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﱐ ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺹ ‪/ 3‬‬
‫‪-----------------------‬‬‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﺭﻧﺖ ﺑﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪,‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ )ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ( ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻣﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫‪-7‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ‪ ,‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻞ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻭﳏﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺌﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪4-1‬‬
‫‪19-5‬‬
‫‪49-20‬‬
‫‪99-50‬‬
‫‪ 100‬ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(2‬‬
‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻌـﺎﻡ ‪ 2002‬ﻡ‬
‫)ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓـﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌـﻤﺎﻟﺔ ( ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‬
‫‪89.21‬‬
‫‪105662‬‬
‫‪27.47‬‬
‫‪190128‬‬
‫‪8.80‬‬
‫‪10485‬‬
‫‪11.66‬‬
‫‪80102‬‬
‫‪1.67‬‬
‫‪1386‬‬
‫‪6.13‬‬
‫‪42419‬‬
‫‪0.38‬‬
‫‪446‬‬
‫‪4.48‬‬
‫‪30995‬‬
‫‪0.44‬‬
‫‪513‬‬
‫‪5.24‬‬
‫‪348427‬‬
‫‪100.00‬‬
‫‪118493‬‬
‫‪100.00‬‬
‫‪692070‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ,‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ‪ ,‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﺭﺑﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ – ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ )‪ (9‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ / 2005‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ /‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (3‬ﺹ ‪128‬‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (2‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2002‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪- :‬‬
‫ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ )‪ 4-1‬ﻋﻤﺎﻝ( ‪ (105662) ,‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%89.21‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ﰲ‬‫ﻼ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%27.47‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨـﺎﱄ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ )‪ (118493‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ (190128‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ )‪ (19-5‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰﻼ )‪ (10485‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪ (%8.80‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ,‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (80102‬ﻭﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪ (%11.66‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ( )‪ (1386‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%1.67‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗـﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ )‪ 49-20‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%6.13‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (42419‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%99.68‬ﻣـﻦ ﺇﲨـﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﻨـﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (117533‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ , 2002‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣـﺎ ﻧـﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫)‪ (%45.26‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫ﻼ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2002‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (312649‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(3‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ )‪(2003 -1999‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫‪1991‬‬
‫‪22382‬‬
‫‪1992‬‬
‫‪20207‬‬
‫‪1993‬‬
‫‪23207‬‬
‫‪1994‬‬
‫‪26212‬‬
‫‪1995‬‬
‫‪177365‬‬
‫‪1999‬‬
‫‪159507‬‬
‫‪2001‬‬
‫‪179893‬‬
‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪188564‬‬
‫‪2003‬‬
‫‪189552‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ‪ ,‬ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪ ,‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ , 2004/2‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ)‪ , (2‬ﺹ ‪94‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (3‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻣـﻦ )‪(22382‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1991‬ﺇﱃ )‪ (20207‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ,1992‬ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ‬
‫)‪ (23207‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ . 1993‬ﰒ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ (177365) 1995‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﰒ ﺃﺻـﺒﺤﺖ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪2003‬‬
‫)‪(189552‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ , 2003‬ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ )ﺍﳌﺼﻐﺮﺓ ( )ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 10‬ﻋﻤﺎﻝ( ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠـﻎ ﻋـﺪﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (180188‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%95.06‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ )‪ (189552‬ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﺔ ‪.‬ﺃﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ( ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ )‪ (8042‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪(%4.24‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ,‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼـﻐﲑﺓ )‪49-10‬ﻋﺎﻣـ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ )‪ 250-50‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ(ﹰﺍ )‪ (1322‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %0.70‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻐﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ )‪ (189552‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻬﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻐﺮﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ)‪ (%0.35‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻣﻠﲔ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻣـﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳـﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (538055‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ )ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 10‬ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ( ﻓﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (%0.65‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪ -:‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ‪ /‬ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ,‬ﺹ ‪97‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ‪ -:‬ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(4‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2002‬ﻡ‬
‫)ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫‪70457‬‬
‫‪59.94‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪17451‬‬
‫‪18.84‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪7713‬‬
‫‪6.57‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪5214‬‬
‫‪4.44‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫‪3949‬‬
‫‪3.36‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪1943‬‬
‫‪1.66‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫‪1667‬‬
‫‪1.42‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫‪1377‬‬
‫‪1.18‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪164‬‬
‫‪1.04‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫‪0.03‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﶈﺎﺟﺮ‬
‫‪95‬‬
‫‪0.08‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫‪7473‬‬
‫‪6.36‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫‪117533‬‬
‫‪100.00‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪ /‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ,‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ‪ ,‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ,‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫)‪, (5‬ﺹ ‪131‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (4‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ )‪ (70457‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (59.94‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ)‪ (117533‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪.‬‬
‫ﳛﺘﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ )‪ (17451‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%18.84‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳛﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ )‪ (7713‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%6.57‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ)‪ (5214‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%4.44‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ , (3.360‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻗﻄـﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ , (%1.66‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ , (%1.18‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪(%1.04‬‬
‫‪ ….‬ﺍﱁ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ ‪ - :‬ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(5‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫) ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪(2003‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪57255‬‬
‫‪30.21‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫‪31568‬‬
‫‪16.69‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪17388‬‬
‫‪9.19‬‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻼﺕ‬
‫‪15132‬‬
‫‪7.92‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻕ ‪ ,‬ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻢ ‪ ,‬ﻣﻘﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫‪12410‬‬
‫‪6.55‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪12354‬‬
‫‪6.52‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫‪43445‬‬
‫‪22.92‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫‪189552‬‬
‫‪100.00‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪/‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ‪ ,‬ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ /‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ,‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (4‬ﺹ ‪95‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﲑ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (5‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ )‪ (57255‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%30.21‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ )‪ (189552‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ( ﻭ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ)‪ (31568‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%16.69‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﳛﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ )‪ (17388‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%9.19‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼﺕ )‪ (15132‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%7.92‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻭﳛﺘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻳﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ )ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻫﻲ ( ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ )‪ (12410‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫)‪ (%6.55‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ‪ …..‬ﺍﱁ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ -:‬ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜـﺮ‬
‫ﺇﳊﺎﺣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺸﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ )‪( 1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﰐ ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃ‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻛﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺣﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻑ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﳚﻌﻞ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﺰﻓﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻓﺎﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪﺓ ‪ ,‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻗﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻗﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻠﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﱪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﻞ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﰐ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ‪ ,‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪-29/‬‬
‫‪ 2005/5/31‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ -:‬ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ )ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ( ‪ ,‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﳚﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ )ﺍﳌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ( ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ,‬ﻻ ﲤﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻭﺗﻌﺜﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﺎﻃﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﲡﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﻴﺰ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺃﳘﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ …‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺽ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ‪ ,‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﶈﻔﺰﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-7‬‬
‫ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫‪-8‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﻲ ‪ /‬ﻓﺮﺹ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪-29 ,‬‬
‫‪ 2005/5/31‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻧﺒﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻳﺎﺏ ‪ /‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪-29‬‬
‫‪ 2005/5/31‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ - :‬ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﻱ ﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1994‬ﻡ ‪ ,‬ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ )‪ (7‬ﻣﻼﻳﲔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ ‪ ,‬ﰒ ﰎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﺃﲰﺎﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ )‪(10‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1995‬ﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﱐ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (47.75‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(6‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪(2005/3/30-1994‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺡ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫‪2053‬‬
‫‪5204‬‬
‫‪30.8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪4044‬‬
‫‪89.6‬‬
‫‪62.5‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪170‬‬
‫‪0.12‬‬
‫‪0.09‬‬
‫‪26‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪1.13‬‬
‫‪1.07‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫‪85‬‬
‫‪14.3‬‬
‫‪9.1‬‬
‫ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺪﺭﻳﻦ‬
‫‪271‬‬
‫‪22.6‬‬
‫‪14.3‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫‪1638‬‬
‫‪180.15‬‬
‫‪117.86‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪/‬ﺑﻠﻎ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ )‪ (2.95‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪ /‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﻲ ‪ ,‬ﻓﺮﺹ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ‪ /‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ 2005‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ , 2003‬ﺹ ‪1‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﲑ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (6‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪ 1994‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ (2053) ( 2005‬ﻗﺮﺿﹰﺎ‬
‫‬‫ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ (5204‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫‬‫ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ (6638‬ﻗﺮﺿﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺡ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ (180.15‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ‬
‫‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ (117.86‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ‬
‫‬‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1959‬ﻡ ﻭﺑﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪1960‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1995‬ﻡ ﻭﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2002‬ﻡ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1995‬ﻡ ﻭﺣـﱴ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪ 2002‬ﻡ ﻗـﺪ ﺑﻠـﻎ )‪ (27098‬ﻗﺮﺿـﹰﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﻤـﺔ‬
‫‬‫)‪ (155848569‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1960‬ﻡ ﻭﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2002‬ﻡ ﳓﻮ )‪ (318‬ﻣﻠﻴـﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨـﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ‬
‫‬‫ﻛﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺇﳕﺎﺋﻴﺔ )ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ( ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ )ﻣﻮﲰﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ(‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻔﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ )‪ (134‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ ‪.‬‬
‫‬‫‪ -1‬ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2002‬ﺹ ‪39 , 1‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﱐ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﺲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1965‬ﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2003‬ﻡ )‪ (2843‬ﻗﺮﺿﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‬‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ )‪ (390830000‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ ‪.‬‬
‫‬‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻓﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ )‪ (1921‬ﻗﺮﺿﹰﺎ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ )‪ 0(1671‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫‬‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻚ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ )‪(2‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﺲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ , 1979‬ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (10455‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ‬
‫‬‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‬‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪2000‬ﻡ )‪ (3461‬ﻗﺮﺿﹰﺎ‬
‫‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ )‪(3‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ , 1999‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻻ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﺢ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﳑﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﳊـﺴﲔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ‬
‫‬‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻼﻝ‬
‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻭﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ‪ (14) 2004‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ‬
‫‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﳏﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ )‪ (3‬ﻣﻼﻳﲔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ‬
‫‬‫‪27‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (25‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻗﺮﺽ‬
‫‬‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2005‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (1.9‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫‬‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﲔ )‪ (9646‬ﻋﻤﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‬‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ )‪ (12‬ﻗﺮﺽ ‪.‬‬
‫‬‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (3500‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫‬‫‪---------------‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2003‬ﺹ ‪28 ,24‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻚ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪2001‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﻭﻱ ‪ ,‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪2005‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﲤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺻـﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﺘﺎﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﱐ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﲑﻳﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴـﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2000‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (88‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪ ,‬ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺭﺃﺱ‬
‫‪-7‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ , (%87‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ )‪ (200493‬ﻗﺮﺿﹰﺎ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫)‪ (318‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺩﱐ ‪ ,‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ (3063‬ﻃﻠﺒﹰﺎ ‪,‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (%0.43‬ﻗﺪﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ)‪(%0.75‬ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﲤﻮﻳـﻞ ﺍﳌـﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﲝﻮﺍﱄ)‪ (4.4‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪ (3.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭ)‪ (900‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻏـﲑ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬
‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ‪ ,‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ,‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ,‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠـﺪ ‪ , 25‬ﺍﻟﻌـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪ 2005‬ﺹ ‪35‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺹ ‪36‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ -:‬ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ )‪ (600000‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (6‬ﻣﻼﻳﲔ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺧﺼﺺ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫)‪ (66445000‬ﻳﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪ (57‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫)‪ (300‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺺ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ )‪ (PNUD‬ﻣﺒﻠﻎ )‪ (11.4‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2000‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺼﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ )‪ (150‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ‬
‫)‪ (30‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻹﻧﻌﺎﺵ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2001‬ﻡ ﰎ ﲣﺼﻴﺺ )‪ (2‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ )ﺧﻼﻝ ‪ 3‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ( ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﲢـﺴﲔ ﺍﳌﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺮﺕ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2004‬ﻡ ﻣﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﲔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻳﻦ ‪,‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟـﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ )‪ (30‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻄﺎ ﺭ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ )‪ (3.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﺳـﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2003‬ﰎ ﲣﺼﻴﺺ )‪ (120000‬ﺃﻭﺭﻭ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌـﺎﻭﻥ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﻐـﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﻼﻧﻮ ﺑﺈﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﺑﺮﺷﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺈﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ‪ /‬ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ /‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪ /‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2004/ 2‬ﺹ ‪105-102‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%89.21‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻓﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ , (%8.80‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ)‪ (%1.67‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪ ,‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ)‪ (%99.68‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ )ﺍﳌﺼﻐﺮﺓ( ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%95.06‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟـﻤﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪,‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻓﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ , (%4.24‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%0.70‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ,‬ﺃﻱ ﻣــﺎ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺑﻠﻎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ( ﺣـﻮﺍﱄ )‪ (312649‬ﻋﺎﻣــ ﹰ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%45.2‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪(538055‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ,‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%0.35‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (%0.65‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ,‬ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ‬
‫)ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ( ﳐﻔﻀﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﳉﺬﺏ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ‪ ,‬ﺍﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ …‪ .‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺳﻦ ﻭﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺑﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ‪ ,‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺑﻼﻝ ﺍﳊﻤﻮﺭﻱ ‪،‬ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺪﻱ ‪/‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‪،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.2003‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﱐ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪،‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪.2002‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ‪،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ‪،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (1979-73‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ‪،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.1995‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻋﻨﺘﺮ‪،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻠﻮﻧﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﻗﺪﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ‪،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ‪،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻜﺎﺩﺍ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ)‪.2003(1‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﻭﻱ ‪،‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪،‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪،‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫‪/2005‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ‪،‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ‪،‬ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺪ ‪،25‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،1‬ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪.2005‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﺩ‪.‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪/‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ‪/‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﺎﺭ ‪.2005‬‬
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‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪17‬ﻭ‪ 18‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪2006‬‬
‫‪ -9‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪،‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﺎﺭ ‪.2005‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ‪،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﺭﺑﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ‬
‫)‪ (9‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪/2005‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -11‬ﺩ‪.‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺹ ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪.2005‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ )ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ(‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪ ، 31‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2‬ﲤﻮﺯ ‪. 2004‬‬
‫‪ -13‬ﻧﺒﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻳﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪.2005/‬‬
‫‪ -14‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ‪،‬ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫‪.2004/2‬‬
‫‪ -15‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ‪.2003‬‬
‫‪ -16‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪. 2002‬‬
‫‪ -17‬ﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪.2003‬‬
‫‪ -18‬ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪.2000‬‬
‫‪Abdel jabber karmoul,promoting smes,in Jordan , amman,‬‬‫‪19‬‬
‫‪1996‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬