‫ﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﺳوﯾق اﻟﻌﻘﺎري ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻟﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟرﺷﯾدة‬
‫)ﻣﻧﮭﺞ ﻛﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺗطﺑﯾق ﻓﻲ ﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺳﻛن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻣﺎن‪ /‬اﻷردن(‬
‫ﺗﺄﻟﯾف‬
‫اﻷﺳﺗﺎذ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرك‬
‫د‪ .‬ﻣؤﯾد اﻟﻔﺿل‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻹﺳراء اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ /‬ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠوم اﻹدارﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺳم إدارة اﻷﻋﻣﺎل‬
‫اﻷردن‪/‬ﻋﻣﺎن ‪2008‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺻل اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ ﻟﻠدراﺳﺔ‬
‫‪ .1.1‬ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻟﺯﺍﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺘﺴـﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺯﻉ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ )ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻓﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻺﻨﺘﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻗل‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺨﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ‪ .‬ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻨﻔﺼﺎل ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻜﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل‪.‬‬
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‫‪ .2.1‬ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺇﺸـﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺩﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺃﻗل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3.1‬ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﻫـﻭ ﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺨﻁﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻪ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻁ )ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ‪ +‬ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺒﺄﻗل ﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4.1‬ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ )ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ( ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴـﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﺄﻗل ﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒـﻕ ﻴـﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫اﻟﻔﺻل اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﻲ ﻟﻠدراﺳﺔ‬
‫‪ .1.2‬ﻭﺼﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻺﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺤﻀﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻤـل‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ )ﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ( ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺘﺄﺴﺴﺎ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2005‬ﺒﺭﺃﺴﻤﺎل ﻗﺩﺭﻩ )‪ (300‬ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ )ﺇﻋﻤﺎﺭ( ﻟﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ )ﺴﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ( ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺨﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻺﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺭﻡ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻺﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺘﺠـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ )ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺠل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ ... ،‬ﺍﻟﺦ( ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﻔﻭﺀ ﻭﺠﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ ﺒﺎﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﻤﺜل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺼﻭﺼـﻴﺔ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺘﻨﺸﻁ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ )ﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ( ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2006‬ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺴﻜﻨﻲ ﻴﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺘﻌـﻭﺩ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻬﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻭﻨﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ )‪ (17000‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺒﻠﻴﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺩﻟﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ )ﺇﻋﻤﺎﺭ( ﻟﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺸﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ 2006‬ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤـل ﺒﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ‪ 200‬ﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ )‪ (160‬ﺃﻟﻑ ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺃﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻋﺎﺌـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻤﺎﺭﻜﺎ ﻟﺘـﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﺁﻻﻑ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺸﻘﻕ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒـﻴﻥ ‪ 110-75‬ﻤﺘـﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻗﺒل ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ‪.2007‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ )ﺴﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ( ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻗﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2006‬ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻠل ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﺤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴـل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻨﻡ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ 95‬ﻓﻴﻼ ﻴﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻭﺍﺤﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﺜل )ﻭﺍﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺨﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻨﺠﺯﺕ ﻭﺘﻨﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸـﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪) /5/‬ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ‪125/120‬ﻡ( ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﻭﺭﺓ ‪796/‬‬
‫)ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ‪125/120‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﻭﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻋﺭﺠﺎﻥ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ‪) 2‬ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ‪120/110‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﺭ( ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻺﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻨﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻴﺔ ‪.2/‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﺩﺴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻷﺠل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭﻋﺎﺌﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ)‪ .(1‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(756‬ﻭﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ‪ 756‬ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ 17‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ 253‬ﺸﺨﺹ ﻟﻜل ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ‪ 4300‬ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻴﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 70‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ )‪ (a. 106‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 28‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ )‪ (a. 114‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 35‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ )‪ (b. 114‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 7‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ 70 = 7 + 35 + 28 :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ )‪ (a.106‬ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ‪ 496‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‪.‬‬‫ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ )‪ (a.114‬ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ‪ 522‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‪.‬‬‫ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ )‪ (b.114‬ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ‪ 500‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‪.‬‬‫)‪ (1‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﱂ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﻮﻋﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺘﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (a.106‬ﻫﻭ )‪ (336‬ﺸﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (a.114‬ﻫﻭ )‪ (350‬ﺸﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (b.114‬ﻫﻭ )‪ (70‬ﺸﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪756‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻡ ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺒﻐﺭﻓﺘﻲ ﻨﻭﻡ‬
‫‪ 406‬ﺸﻘﺔ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ‪ 104‬ﻤﺘﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺒﺜﻼﺙ ﻏﺭﻑ ﻨﻭﻡ ‪ 350‬ﺸﻘﺔ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ‪ 102‬ﻤﺘﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺒﺎﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﻨﺩﺓ ﻭﻋـﺩﺩﻫﺎ )‪ (6‬ﻭﺤـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫ ﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ‪.‬‬‫ ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻕ‪.‬‬‫ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺼﻑ ﺼﺤﻲ‪.‬‬‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ) ‪(P C N , X , K , S , I‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻸﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ )‪ (2.8‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤـﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(No.6 , No.5 , No.4 , No.3 , No.2 , No.1‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺸﻜل ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ ‪.Symitric‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ ‪..Non- Symitric‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ )‪ (17‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪.‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (2‬ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻭﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀـﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Amn‬‬
‫= ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ‪.m‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = m‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌـﻴﻥ ) ‪m = 1, 2,‬‬
‫‪ (…, M‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻥ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ = n‬ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ )‪(n = 1, 2, …, N‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ n‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ( ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ‬
‫‪) m‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪ ،(m = 1, 2, …, M :‬ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﻴﻌـﺎﻟﺞ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻜﻠﻔﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻲ ﻴﻨﺒﻐـﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ) ‪ ( t‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ K‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪a 1t , a 2t , a 3t , a 4t , a 5t , a 6t‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ ‪a 3t‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ ‪ M3‬ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤـﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ)‪.(2‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ‪ 5‬ﻏﺮﻑ ﻧﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑــ ‪ m6‬ﻭﳍـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﺐ ﰎ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﰲ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﳝﺜﻞ ) ‪.( a 3‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺴﻜﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ‪ t‬ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ‪P mt‬‬
‫‪.(…. , M‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬
‫)ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺃﻥ‪m = 1 , 2, :‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ (n = 1 , 2, … , N) n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤـﻊ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ (m = 1 , 2, …, M) m‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗل ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺩﺍﺭ ‪Amn‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ (n = 1 , 2 , … , N) n‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﻜﻥ ‪ Cn‬ﺸﺨﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪.6‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ (n = 1 , 2 , … , N) n‬ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ‪ bin‬ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ‪ K nt‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻐﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪.(i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6) i‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﺘﺒﻠﻎ‪:‬‬
‫‪2t‬‬
‫‪P mnt = P n1 + P mn‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪= P nt‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻭﺽ ﺤﺠﺯﻫﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪n‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪.t‬‬
‫‪2t‬‬
‫‪= P mn‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻭﺽ ﺤﺠﺯﻫﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ‪ n‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.9‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪) i‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪ (i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 :‬ﺘﺤﺘل ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ‪ di‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪K , a ti , P mt , P mnt , Amnt , C n , bin , K nt , di‬‬
‫ﺘﺩﺨل ﻜﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‪:‬‬
‫‪K , Cn , bin , di‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒـﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬
‫) ‪ ( a i‬ﻫﻲ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ ‪. K n‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = X mn‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀﻫـﺎ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ‪.t‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪X mnt ≥ 0‬‬
‫‪X mn ⇒ An − int eger‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ‪. Amn‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪X mnt‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻲ ﻴﻨﺒﻐـﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫≤‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m1‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m3‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m1‬‬
‫≤‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m2‬‬
‫≤‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m3‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mN‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫≤‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪mN‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ )ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ( ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫≤‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪∑P X‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪m = 1 , 2 , …, M‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫= ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺌﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪.m‬‬
‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻁﻠـﺏ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻨـﻭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ ، t‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺼـﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪bin‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫∑∑‬
‫‪i =1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻘﺔ ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪a Y‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫→‪‬‬
‫‪M1‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫→‪‬‬
‫‪M2‬‬
‫‪a Y‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫→‪‬‬
‫‪M3‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫→‪‬‬
‫‪M4‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫→‪‬‬
‫‪M5‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫→‪‬‬
‫‪M6‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤــل ﻭﺍﻟﻤــﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠــﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴــﺏ ﻨﻤــﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺸــﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴــﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫) ‪ (i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6‬ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﺒﺸـﻜل ﺒﺤﻴـﺙ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪a Y‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪⇒ An − int eger‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪a Y‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪b1n‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪b 2n‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫∑‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫∑‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫∑‬
‫‪b6n‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫∑‬
‫‪b in‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪i= 1 , 2 , … , 6‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﺘﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪b in‬‬
‫∑‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪i= 1 , 2 , … , 6‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ )‪ (1‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺒﻐـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻴﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪b in‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫∑∑‬
‫‪n =1 i =1‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻴﺒﻠـﻎ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪K X‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪∑K X‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻟﻠﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻔﺘـﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ‪ Y‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪ K‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪≤K‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪∑K X‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫‪≤ K‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪∑K X‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴـﻜﻥ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪Cn X‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ t‬ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴـﻜﻥ ﺃﺸـﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﺒﻠـﻎ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩﻫﻡ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪Cn X‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫∑=‬
‫‪n =1‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪X mnt ≥ 0‬‬
‫‪X mn ⇒ An − int eger‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
:‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‬
t
X
mn
= 0 , 1 , 2 , .....
:‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
n= 1 , 2 , … , N
:‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻓﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
t

≤
X
m1


≤
(1) .......... .  X m 2
M

 t
 X mn ≤
 N
( 2 ) .......... .  ∑
 n =1
P
t
mn
 N
 ∑ b1 n
 n =1
 N
∑
( 3) .......... .  n =1 b 2 n

M

 N
∑ b6n
 n =1
 N
( 4 ) .......... .  ∑
 n =1
t
A
A
m1
t
m2
M
t
A
mN
X
X
t
X
t
≤
t
mn
mn
mn
t
P
m
=
a Y
=
a Y
t
t
1
m
t
t
2
m
M
X
t
mn
t
t
n
mn
K X
=
a Y
≤
K Z
t
t
6
m
t
m
:‫ﻭﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
W
t
m
N
=∑
n =1
Cn X
15
t
mn
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﺄﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪∑∑ b X‬‬
‫‪in‬‬
‫‪n =1 i =1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪∑∑d b X‬‬
‫‪in‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫‪n =1 i =1‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫= ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻴﺸﻌل ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫= ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﻭﻕ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﺴـﻭﻕ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3.2‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﻀﺤﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴـﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﻴﺼـﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪X 11 + X 12 + X 13 ≤ A11 + A12 + A13‬‬
‫‪X 21 + X 22 + X 23 ≤ A21 + A22 + A23‬‬
‫‪X 31 + X 32 + X 33 ≤ A31 + A32 + A33‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪≤ A61 + A62 + A63‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪X 61 + X 62 + X 63‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (2‬ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪P 11 X 11 + P 12 X 12 + P 13 X 13 ≤ P 1‬‬
‫‪P 21 X 21 + P 22 X 22 + P 23 X 23 ≤ P 2‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪+ P 62 X 62 + P 63 X 63 ≤ P 6‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪P 61 X 61‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺩﺍﺌل ‪ Variants‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜل ﺒـﺩﻴل‬
‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ .(3‬ﻭﻴـﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻬﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (3‬ﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﯾﺎﻧـــﺎت اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠـــﺔ‬
‫‪Variant No.1‬‬
‫‪Variant No.2‬‬
‫‪Variant No.3‬‬
‫‪Variant No.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺑدﯾل اﻷول‬
‫اﻟﺑدﯾل اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺑدﯾل اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬
‫اﻟﺑدﯾل اﻟراﺑﻊ‬
‫‪ n = 1 , 2, 3‬ﻧوع اﻟﻌﻣﺎرة اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫دﻋم اﻟﺗوﺟﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻣودي‬
‫دﻋم اﻟﺗوﺟﮫ اﻟﻌﻣودي‬
‫‪ m = 1 , 2,…, 6‬ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺳﻛﻧﻲ‬
‫‪t=1‬‬
‫اﻟزﻣـــــــن‬
‫ زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد‬‫اﻟﻐرف‬
‫ﻣن ﺧﻼل زﯾﺎدة أﻋداد‬
‫اﻟﺷﻘق ﻣن اﻟﻧوع = ‪n‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ -‬زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻣودي ‪ +‬أﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻣودي‪1/‬‬
‫ﻋﻣودي‪2/‬‬
‫أﻓﻘﻲ ﻓﻘط‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل ‪(Variant No.1‬‬
‫‪n=1,2,3‬‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫) ‪ 4 ( 1 = n‬ﻁﺎﺒـﻕ‬
‫‪m = 1 , 2…. , 6‬‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ 3 ( 2 = n‬ﻁﺎﺒـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤــﻥ ﺜـــﺎﺒﺕ‬
‫) ‪ 2 ( 3 = n‬ﻁﺎﺒـﻕ‬
‫‪t=1‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫= ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ‪ m‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪n = 3‬‬
‫‪A13‬‬
‫‪A23‬‬
‫‪A33‬‬
‫‪A43‬‬
‫‪A53‬‬
‫‪A63‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪n = 2‬‬
‫‪A12‬‬
‫‪A22‬‬
‫‪A32‬‬
‫‪A42‬‬
‫‪A52‬‬
‫‪A62‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪n = 1‬‬
‫‪A11‬‬
‫‪A21‬‬
‫‪A31‬‬
‫‪A41‬‬
‫‪A51‬‬
‫‪A61‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ )ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ( ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋـﺎﻡ ﻀـﻤﻥ‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪P 3 = 2500‬‬
‫‪P 2 = 3500‬‬
‫‪P 1 = 3000‬‬
‫‪P 6 = 2200‬‬
‫‪P 5 = 2000‬‬
‫‪P 4 = 2400‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤـﻊ‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ ‪ m‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ‬
‫‪n3‬‬
‫‪n2‬‬
‫‪n1‬‬
‫‪P 13 = 150‬‬
‫‪P 12 = 66‬‬
‫‪P 11 = 50‬‬
‫‪P 23 = 100‬‬
‫‪P 22 = 100‬‬
‫‪P 21 = 90‬‬
‫‪P 33 = 75‬‬
‫‪P 32 = 100‬‬
‫‪P 31 = 100‬‬
‫‪P 43 = 50‬‬
‫‪P 42 = 160‬‬
‫‪P 41 = 155‬‬
‫‪P 56 = 50‬‬
‫‪P 52 = 54‬‬
‫‪P 51 = 50‬‬
‫‪P 63 = 75‬‬
‫‪P 62 = 52‬‬
‫‪P 61 = 40‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪in‬‬
‫‪ i‬ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺎﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪n3‬‬
‫‪n2‬‬
‫‪n1‬‬
‫‪b13 = 20‬‬
‫‪b12 = 25‬‬
‫‪b11 = 36‬‬
‫‪b23 = 10‬‬
‫‪b22 = 50‬‬
‫‪b21 = 30‬‬
‫‪b33 = 10‬‬
‫‪b32 = 75‬‬
‫‪b31 = 80‬‬
‫‪b43 = 10‬‬
‫‪b42 = 80‬‬
‫‪b41 = 100‬‬
‫‪b56 = 10‬‬
‫‪b52 = 70‬‬
‫‪b51 = 60‬‬
‫‪b63 = 10‬‬
‫‪b62 = 50‬‬
‫‪b61 = 60‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ M i = a i‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪M 4 = 350 M 5 = 0 M 6 = 0‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪M 3 =106‬‬
‫‪M2 =0‬‬
‫‪M1 = 0‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻘـﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪K 3 = 176‬‬
‫‪K 2 = 200‬‬
‫‪K 1 = 180‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤــﺎﹰ ﺒــﺄﻥ ‪ K‬ﻫــﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔــﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴــﺔ ﺤﻴــﺙ ﺘــﻡ ﺘﻘــﺩﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻬﻜــﺫﺍ ﻤﺸــﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ‪ 28.000.000‬ﺩﻴﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻨﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪C 3 = 55‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ i‬ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫‪d 6 =110‬‬
‫‪C 2 = 50‬‬
‫‪C 1 = 50‬‬
‫‪d 3 = 101 d 4 =120‬‬
‫‪d 5 = 130‬‬
‫‪d 2 =100‬‬
‫‪d 1 =120‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪(Variant No.2‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪mn‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪in‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤـﺎل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺒـﺩﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫‪M1 =100 , M 2 =150 , M 3 =156 , M 4 = 200 , M 5 = 100 , M 6 = 50‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺒﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ ﻟـﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪d 1 = 160 , d 2 =140 , d 3 =116 , d 4 =160 , d 5 = 120 , d 6 =150‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ‪(Variant No.3‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ )‪ (n = 1‬ﻟـﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴـﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺒـﺫﻟﻙ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﻗـﻴﻡ‬
‫‪ A1mn‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪n=3‬‬
‫‪n=2‬‬
‫‪n = 31‬‬
‫‪A13= 2‬‬
‫‪A12= 10‬‬
‫‪A1 1= 10‬‬
‫‪A23= 1‬‬
‫‪A22= 3‬‬
‫‪A21= 5‬‬
‫‪A33= 1‬‬
‫‪A32= 6‬‬
‫‪A31= 5‬‬
‫‪A43= 1‬‬
‫‪A42= 8‬‬
‫‪A41= 5‬‬
‫‪A53= 1‬‬
‫‪A52= 2‬‬
‫‪A51= 5‬‬
‫‪A63= 1‬‬
‫‪A62= 2‬‬
‫‪A61= 5‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ‪(Variant No.4‬‬
‫ ﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ ‪-‬‬‫‪ .1‬ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ـﺩﻻﹰ‬
‫ـﺙ ﺒـ‬
‫ـﺎﻟﻲ( ﺤﻴـ‬
‫ـﻜﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺤـ‬
‫ـﻊ ﺍﻟﺴـ‬
‫ـﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤـ‬
‫ـﺩ )ﺘﻭﺴـ‬
‫ـﻜﻨﻲ ﺠﺩﻴـ‬
‫ـﻊ ﺴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺠﻤـ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺇﻀـ‬
‫‪ M = 6‬‬
‫← ‪ M = 7‬ﻤﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪n=3‬‬
‫‪n=2‬‬
‫‪n = 31‬‬
‫‪A13= 2‬‬
‫‪A12= 10‬‬
‫‪A1 1= 8‬‬
‫‪A23= 1‬‬
‫‪A22= 3‬‬
‫‪A21= 4‬‬
‫‪A33= 1‬‬
‫‪A32= 5‬‬
‫‪A31= 3‬‬
‫‪A43= 1‬‬
‫‪A42= 8‬‬
‫‪A41= 5‬‬
‫‪A53= 1‬‬
‫‪A52= 2‬‬
‫‪A51= 4‬‬
‫‪A63= 1‬‬
‫‪A62= 6‬‬
‫‪A61= 4‬‬
‫‪A73= 2‬‬
‫‪A72= 6‬‬
‫‪A71= 5‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪P 13 = 70‬‬
‫‪P 72 = 40‬‬
‫‪P 71 = 45‬‬
‫‪b73 = 10‬‬
‫‪b72 = 55‬‬
‫‪b71 = 60‬‬
‫‪K = 160‬‬
‫‪P 7 = 2100‬‬
‫‪a 7 = M7 = 50‬‬
‫ﻭﺤل ﺤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﺯﺓ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ ) ‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ‪Xmn‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ )‪(Z‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫‪Variant/no.1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫‪Variant/no.2‬‬
‫‪Variant/no.3‬‬
‫‪Variant/no.4‬‬
‫‪20 = X13‬‬
‫‪20 = X13‬‬
‫‪3 = X12‬‬
‫‪20 = X11‬‬
‫‪8 = X23‬‬
‫‪8 = X23‬‬
‫‪18 = X13‬‬
‫‪15 = X12‬‬
‫‪10 = X41‬‬
‫‪10 = X41‬‬
‫‪9 = X23‬‬
‫‪30 = X31‬‬
‫‪14 = X51‬‬
‫‪15 = X51‬‬
‫‪12 = X41‬‬
‫‪10 = X41‬‬
‫‪7 = X61‬‬
‫‪7 = X61‬‬
‫‪15 = X51‬‬
‫‪22 = X43‬‬
‫‪11 = X63‬‬
‫‪11 = X63‬‬
‫‪8 = X61‬‬
‫‪20 = X62‬‬
‫‪Z = 4550‬‬
‫‪Z = 4550‬‬
‫‪12 = X62‬‬
‫‪Z = 4992‬‬
‫‪Z = 6370‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎﺟﺎت واﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴـﺎﺭ ﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻭﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻟﻜل ﺒﺩل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﻟﻜـل ﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻜﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜل ﺒﺩﻴل ﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻊ‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪4550‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩﺍﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ‪ +‬ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪4550‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ ‪1/‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪4992‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ ‪2/‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪6370‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩﺍﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺌﻡ ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺘـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻼﺌـﻡ‬
‫ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻨﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌل ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻭﺍﺌل ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻁﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ )ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ‪ (2/‬ﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴـﺘﻡ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪.n=1‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻟﺨﻠﻕ ﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻼﺌﻡ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ )ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ‪ (2/‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺩﻋﻡ‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﻻﺤﻘﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺎﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ‪ n=1‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻻﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻠل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻨﻭﺼﻲ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻟﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﺠـل ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺇﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻭﺨﻁﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻣراﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﻜﻲ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻟﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.1993 ،‬‬
‫‪.2005‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﺨﻁـﻴﻁ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ )ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ( ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
.3
.1986 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ " ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ ﺒﻐـﺩﺍﺩ ﻓـﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ‬،‫ﺇﻴﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ" ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺴـﻥ‬
.4
.‫ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬،1996
‫ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺸـﻐﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‬
.5
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺨﻁﻁ‬،2006 ،2005 ،2004 ،2003 ‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻭﺍﻡ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‬
1.
Mc Clave Benson Fiendish (2005) Statistics – for Business and
Economics P.E.1 Prentice hall, USA.
2.
Wisniewski Milk (2004) Quantitative Methods for Decisionb
Makers, FT prentice Hall , USA. LAPIN.
3.
LAPIN L. (1995) Quntitative Methods/for Business Decisions with
Cases, Prentiice Hall, USA.
4.
Targett D. (1996) Aualytical Decision Making, Prentice Hall, USA.
5.
Morris C. (2003) Quantittative Approaches in Business Studies, FT.
Prentice hall, USA.
6.
RENDER B., Stair R., BALAKRISHNAN N. (2003) Managerial
Decision Moldeing.
7.
RENDER B. (2003) Geuntidontive Analysis for management, P.E.I.
Prentice hall, USA.
8.
RENDER B. STAIR R. (2000)
Management 7le Prentice hall, USA.
9.
Levin R.L., Krik patric C.A, . Rubin D.S. (1985) Quantitative
Approach to Management, Prentice Hall, USA.
23
Quantitative
Analysis
for
Abstract
Real Estate Marketing Strategies and Rational Development
(Quantitative Approach)
This study focuses on public societies building for living in Amman
– Jordan. An business organizations specialized on projects constructions
assumes that changes in the macro-economic (political changes,
Economical changes, socio – cultured changes) affect the marketing
decision making by them, certainly the decision's considered on
productions construction and marketing the different real estate.
The general business organizations in Jordan have variety interest
with in two mainly approach's as follows:
1- Environmental limitations like (limited land space for living,
limited water resources, limited materials resources which used for
construction the living units.
2- Consumer behavior limitation like (high quality with less cost,
desire of expanding horizontally, limited power of purchase,
increase of family member by rate of birth).
We consider an Mathematical Model which response to the above
limitations, so the mathematical model focusing on three main strategies
which:
1) Expanding vertically.
2) Expanding horizontally.
3) Mixed expanding (horiz – vertically).
And to take under consideration the following:
1)
Competitive advantage and quality requirements with less cost.
2)
Worldwide domestically as well as internationally.
3)
An integration with tourism marketing strategies.
Ass. Prof. Dr. Muiead A. Kalal
24
‫ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟﺑﺣث اﻟﻣوﺳوم‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺗراﺗﺟﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﺳوﯾق اﻟﻌﻘﺎري ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻟﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ اﻟرﺷﯾدة‬
‫)ﻣﻧﮭﺞ ﻛﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺗطﺑﯾق ﻓﻲ ﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺳﻛن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﺎن – اﻷردن(‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴـﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺭﺅﻴﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺯ ﺒﺄﻜﺒﺭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻠـﺏ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴـﻭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺤﻭﺍﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻫـﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴـﻕ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺜـل ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤـﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻜﻤـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﻴﺠـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻐﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺑﺎﺣـــــث‬
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