‫‪Dr. Samer Kantakji‬‬
‫‪ Mohammed Abdul Latif Al‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﯿﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ‪[email protected]‬‬‫]‪Mahmood [[email protected]‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ٠٢:٣٣ ٢٠١٠ ،‬م ‪21‬‬
‫‪[email protected]‬‬
‫‪Mohammed Abdul Latif Al-Mahmood‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﻊ واﻟﺘﻤﻮﯾﻞ ]‪[kantakji-nidal-islamic-finance:364‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﺘﺎﺠﺭ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺠل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺂل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻠﻑ ﺠﺭ‬
‫ﻨﻔﻌﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺂل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺒﺈﻟﺯﺍﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻟﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺠﺎﺌﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻤﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺘﻔﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍل‪" .‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻻﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻶﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﺜﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺠل ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻀﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﻤﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺤﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺭﻉ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻤﺎ ﻨﻘﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻗﻭل‬
‫ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺴﺤﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ" )ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴل‪/‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ( ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﻡ ﺼﺤﺤﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺤﻕ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻭﻩ ﻋﻘﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻬﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺭﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺴﺦ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺴﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﺫﺭﻴﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﻗﺼﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺜﻡ ﺩﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‬
‫ﺍﺒﻥ ﺭﺸﺩ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻭ ﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺜﻤﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺠل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻀﻴﻪ ﺇﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺸﺭﺍﺅﻩ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﻩ ﺇﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺯ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺴﺦ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﺭﺍﺌﻊ ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺃﻨﻪ ﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﻟﻘﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺼﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺠﺎﺀ" )ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻹﻜﻠﻴل(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺌﻊ ﺘﺎﺠﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﻟﻪ ﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺤﻕ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺫﻫﺒﻬﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻭ ﺴﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﻋﻘﺩ ﻤﻠﺯﻡ ﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺤﻕ )ﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ( ﻓﻬﻭ ﺒﻴﻊ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻤﻜﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺠﺭ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪:‬ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻹرﺳﺎل‬
‫‪:‬إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬
‫‪:‬اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻀﺎﻤﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﺤﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩﺓ )ﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﻴﺔ( ﻓﻤﻥ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻫﻼﻙ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺘﺒﻌﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺯﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻟﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل‬
‫ﺒﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻫﻠﻜﺕ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺠﺭ ﻟﻭ ﺒﺎﻉ ﺴﻠﻌﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻷﺠل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁل‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺘﺼﻴﺏ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﺜﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺠل‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺨﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺨﺴﺭ ﺒﺩل ﺜﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻭﻱ ﻓﻬﻭ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺴﺭ ﺒﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺯﻋﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﺯﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻭﻋﺩ ﻤﻠﺯﻡ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺒﺭﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻬﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻘﺩ ﻋﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺩﺍﺌﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻴﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﺒﺄﻤﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻐﻁﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﺎﺤﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺒﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ )ﻤﺂﻟﻬﺎ( ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺴﻠﻑ ﺠﺭ ﻨﻔﻌﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺴﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭل‪:‬‬
‫") ﻭﻤﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺜﺭ ﻗﺼﺩﻩ ( ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻤﺭ ‪ :‬ﺃﺒﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻔﺴﺨﻭﺍ ﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﻼل ﺒﻅﻥ ﻴﺨﻁﺊ ﻭﻴﺼﻴﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻅﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ"‪) .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻹﻜﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ(‬
‫"ﻭﻗﺎل ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪ :‬ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻭل ﺒﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﺌﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻑ ﻨﺼﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠل ﻻ ﻨﺹ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺌﻊ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺜﻡ ﻗﺎل ﻭﻫﺏ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﻠﻡ ﻗﻠﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ ؟ ﺜﻡ ﻗﺎل ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻨﺎ ﺃﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬
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‫ ﻷﻥ‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺒﻬﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ ﻭﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﺌﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻥ‬
(‫ )ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬."‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬،‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﺤﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻴﻊ‬،‫ ﻴﻘﺎﺒل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﻜﻠﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻭﻴﺤﺘﺭﻡ‬:‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺠل )ﻭﻟﻭ ﺒﺴﻌﺭ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل( ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬
.‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺌﻊ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺘﺄﺨﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺩﺍﺩ‬،‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺒﺎﻷﺠل ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ‬
،‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﺒﻴﻊ ﺒﺎﻷﺠل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺝ‬
.‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺂﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﻔﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺠل ﻭﺘﺠﻨﻴﺒﻬﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎ‬
.‫ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺘﺤﻴﻼ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
Mohammed Abdul Latif Al-Mahmood
Assistant Vice President – Sharia Auditor - Internal Audit Department
Al Baraka Banking Group
(Licensed as an Islamic Wholesale Bank by CBB)
PO Box 1882, Manama
Kingdom of Bahrain
www.albaraka.com
tel:
+973 17541122 ext: 244
mob: +973 36457774
fax: +973 17536533
Your Partner Bank
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