‫أث وو ا ام ا
وا‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ"‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫أ‪.‬د ‪#$ %$& /‬‬
‫ر ا ا ـ آ اق ـ اهة‬
‫"ـــــــ‬
‫ا‪:‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‪.‬‬
‫( ' ' '
‪ ! "#
$% & "#‬‬
‫)' ( ‪-' ./- 0 1. 2"* +
% ,‬‬
‫" ‪-7$ "-* " 0" 3' "4 ,+ " 50‬‬
‫"‪. % <' """ 87 9 : ;. .‬‬
‫‪.1 47 ! &' #' 1 4 = """ "
# <.5‬‬
‫‪1. % ') .5 B + 0 47 > ! '?@ A ;.‬‬
‫ ‪:5 ( ! 87 > C‬‬
‫
‪. :‬‬
‫
‪
! "#
:‬‬
‫ ' &‪.$%‬‬
‫ا اول‬
‫
اـــ‬
‫" ‪: E #' = ! "+9 "F "+4 " G # 5‬‬
‫ ‪
#' : ." "=
5H > I : .5 0 #‬‬
‫‪.G
I9 ! 5 ( "= ! " 5‬‬
‫* ()‪: + :‬‬
‫‪- - - - -# - -C J-' 1=
5 ! " "
#‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪ ١−‬‬
‫ ا*)
)(&ن‬+),‫ا‬
-‫ﻡ‬/$0‫ا‬
-5 2"- - .?A- 8- I H! .G C 1) K7 L9
- -! .( )J+- -4 -54B 4-7 ;. 3 .G0' , - .-4 G- -C - -' J-7 "- 8 "" :
-5 -( -! .- 8-90 @ - O(# 1 -
()
G # ' " 4' @
. ( )J' 0
:,"#) + -' -#% - <- -' - 4! 9* 5 " "-H# - "-H# 3-# G- - 4
- G% 4 G
. ( )0'@
- - -
- - & :5 "* " A 0 # .#5
-0 -# ;-. -! G- 4'? 5 ! , K
' ' #% .L?% $Βt ρu 7
y ‹ø 9s )Î $! Ζu Šø m
y ρ÷ &r “
ü %
Ï !© #$ ρu %n
[ θΡç µÏ /Î 
4 »
œ ρu $Βt 
È $
eÏ !#$ 
z ΒiÏ Ν3
ä 9s í
t u °
Ÿ *  :' $
9 (PQ :1) 〈 µÏ ŠùÏ #( θ%è § x Gt ?s ω
Ÿ ρu 
t $
eÏ !#$ #( θΚã Š%Ï &r β
÷ &r ( 
# ¤
| Šã
Ï ρu 
4 ›
y θΒã ρu Λt δ
Ï ≡t /ö )Î 
ÿ µÏ /Î $Ζu Šø ¹
¢ ρu
tíu °
Ÿ *  :' $ :0 5 4/! ;. - 4
$ "F - - H
I 0 8 # 8 >% 3 0 1. :1 〈 È $eÏ !#$ 
z ΒiÏ Ν3
ä 9s
5 (PQ :1) 〈 t $eÏ !#$ #( θΚã Š%Ï &r β
÷ &r  : 0 ;. ( . 5C
..O
'$/ # + G& '# * '9 '
( " 2 O 4
3
- G% ' #A' ;. &
#! 2 # '
? 4'? ' 2"
' 5 2" 4! '?' @ ' % ! O E O ;
0 C & % K C 0' 2R #& & '0 H# ' "
"% G 4 G! L 2C "
"
0 3G '$ H# G'@ ' H# L
?
".*
" '?' ' "
O E - S - # .4! .3G
−
٢−
‫أث وو ا ام ا
وا‬
:1) 〈 µÏ ŠùÏ #( θ%è § x Gt ?s ω
Ÿ ρu 
t $
eÏ !#$ #( θΚã Š%Ï &r β
÷ &r  :' $ ;. 5 3H
'? G%
H') .97 @ ! ? T O0' EBH O' O+ O+$ <
1 (PQ
zΒiÏ π7 èy ƒÎ °
Ÿ ’
4 ?n ã
t 7
y ≈Ψo =ù èy _
y Ο
¢ Oè  :' $ .( "9 UVQPS 290 *
e9≅3
ä 9Ï  :A
$ .. ( ) (PW :"() 〈 β
t θϑ
ß =n èô ƒt ω
Ÿ 
t %
Ï !© #$ u #! θu δ
÷ &r ì
ô 7Î K® ?s ω
Ÿ ρu $γ
y è÷ 7Î ?¨ $$ ùs Ì Βø {
F #$
. ( ) (XW :+) 〈 %`
[ $γ
y Ψ÷ ΒÏ ρu πZ ã
t ÷ °
Å Ν
ö 3
ä ΖΒÏ $Ψo =ù èy _
y
- .-5 -' - -$ . # " 5 " 4B .5 .3 3F <.5 5B 5 # ." "
:
"-
# 9-@ - 1-=
- +0 9'@ ' = ."""
-# -
-H? @ 2 ( )G0'- ,- - L # - 1=
!
4'- '-' -# .C 2-#
4 - 90 4/! .5 C , " 1.
YG -! - @ -7 @ -' ,- B' ' "
" ;.#
.7 10 4! ' Z
@C 5 " /! 2"7! -# 2-[ "- -O' G-# 5 I% 0
" "! <.5 .4'- B-' -' -#% - G0'- ,- "
4H 5
&-& -'# - - - - -# - 57 ' "
<.5 ; # \0
$Ζu G÷ ;u Ρ/ 'r ùs %.Z t ≈6t Β• [$! Βt Ï$! ϑ
y ¡
¡ 9#$ zΒÏ $Ζu 9ø “¨ Ρt ρu  :<-( G- - -! <)-(
0 :
$Ζu 4÷ ‹u m
ô &r ρu ( ŠÏ $6t èÏ =ù 9jÏ $%] —ø ‘hÍ ∩⊇⊃∪ ‰
Ó ‹Ò
Å Ρ¯ ì
Ó =ù Û
s $λo ;° M
; ≈)
s ™
Å $/t ≅
Ÿ ‚
÷ Ζ¨ 9#$ ρu ∩∪ ‰
Ï ŠÁ
Å tp :ø #$ =
¡ m
y ρu M
; ≈Ζ¨ _
y µÏ /Î
. ( ) (00/ :.) 〈 l
ß ρã ƒè :ø #$ 7
y 9Ï ≡‹
x .x 4 $G\ ‹ø Β¨ οZ $
t #ù /t µÏ /Î
"4#H + 4 &
2% ! G ( .#5
- O9$ 2Z9 ;
4 @C 2'. G C " E 7! 23(
.G +# 1% @ - , 5 .5
−
٣−
‫ ا*)
)(&ن‬+),‫ا‬
-‫ﻡ‬/$0‫ا‬
ë=≈Gt .Ï #‹
x ≈δ
y ρu  :-B -0 - -! - &- 0 1? " :-- ] -- --0 (PUU :--%) 〈 β
t θΗç q
x ö ?è Ν
ö 3
ä =ª èy 9s #( θ)
à ?¨ #$ ρu νç θèã 7Î ?¨ $$ ùs 8
Ô ‘u $6t Βã µç ≈Ψo 9ø “t Ρ&r
. ( ) (^V :S) 〈 =
É ≈6t 9ø {
F #$ #( θ9ä ρ' &é t .© ‹
x Ft Šu 9Ï ρu µÏ GÏ ≈ƒt #u #( ρÿ ã /− ‰
£ ‹u 9jÏ 8
Ô t ≈6t Βã 7
y ‹ø 9s )Î µç ≈Ψo 9ø “t Ρ&r =
ë ≈Gt .Ï 
- -% ;- -A G- - # 2'# ' C B!
- I% - - -% ;- -A &-& '# # _% . 1?% ! "$ ! "# , 0
- G='-@ -# @ 1.- G- C 4'# " C , " /! .#5
. - - -# "- - - - 0' 5B 5 # - T
% 2-0' -! -$ - - "- # 0 # G 2,
. C J ;.
-'# -'#+ -' - L-
' - 1 - ' .5 "!
-C "-) -0 -' -# .' : ;. T .?F - - - -5 - E 7! L?% 7' ;. C 2,H .4'
. ( )"C "5# " 2H
# !A "0
' #[ "
‫ا ا‬
123‫ وا‬4‫
ا وا‬
-O4 "- -0 - -C - 5. " "
# #.' .4 H 5. # @ 9' 4 9'@!
-( .O9- "-= - - 0 >' ! 9'@ .4 OB
- .O- "-= -0H - 0 ;. #' ( 2" "
"-* "- - "-$ - J- 2S-?' 9' .5 9
:' 9 ! .* 0H
‫ اول‬5)6‫ا‬
4‫
ا‬
−
٤−
‫أث وو ا ام ا
وا‬
- 4'- -
- "-!# -# .O-(# "% "
# <.5 ''
.< 0
? 1. * "$
- #- - -/! .-4 . "= ! 3 (# /! ;. J
. ( ) I9@ ! ( "= ! :2
+ '
:4 (# L
9 "= !
(P^)
-0 .- 3-7? -'9 - -' 3 0 :345
"
*
)
- .(
- &- - -' -'9 5 C .5 .' 4! "
. !
' $7& ' 89
] :
$ ;.
-5 G-( I- L'- 1.- - 1 .[ : ; $7& <;*
"-7? -H -#' :- -0' .-4' ; 4 ;
! ' H J7? - -5! -H 1-5 J- 1.- L% 5 ;. ,# . '
. ! .0 ( ;4
〈
É
$
eÏ !#$ Θ
Ï θö ƒt 7
Å =Î ≈Βt  :--' --$ ;--. -- :27
>?@
2
)
4-A 4- ."-0 - -5 .L-+? 1 . (
(X :"'H)
. ( ) H @C .! O C 2?! O?
2-* -
-' - O7 " "=
! L
9 :A
B'
C
. ( )A ' 1 2 ;. : 0'
.-4 -4 G-H'#@ - "-=
G-
-4 #' 1? (# "= ;5
. ( )0
:
,"#) + '
- ;
- 1.- -4* -B" :A I9@ ! #
."?F ! IH 2 ! I "0'@ '
-5 -" :4-7 -$ -( G-
-$ 8 <H' ' .5
-! I-H - -! K- -C <-C 5-'? -0 1. L+ 4C J7
.( )" −
٥−
‫ ا‬5)6‫ا‬
123‫
ا‬
‫ ا*)
)(&ن‬+),‫ا‬
-‫ﻡ‬/$0‫ا‬
I9-@ -! - -4 2-C -' @ "= ! 4 0! "
#
. ''
: + $%&
:5T I ,0 H! . ( ) 4H G 5 0H :"=
G
0
- "= - 0H! ;. 2 ( )0! 4! G # . ( )=
> $ .G 4! 0H
$Βt  : $ % ! : $ T @
E $ # G _H? 5B uθδ
è ≅
ö %è  :' # 4H 5
$ ( (VP :5) 〈 $Z ‹èÏ Ê
| $Ζu ŠùÏ 7
y 1u ∴t 9s $Ρ¯ )Î ρu Α
ã θ)
à ?s $ϑ
£ ΒiÏ #Z ;VÏ .x µç )
s ø Ρt
/3
ä Ò
Ÿ è÷ /t ,
t ƒ‹
É ƒã ρu $èY ‹u ©
Ï Ν
ö 3
ä ¡
| 6Î =ù ƒt ρ÷ &r Ν
ö 3
ä =Î _
ã ‘ö &r M
Ï tø B
r ΒÏ ρ÷ &r Ν
ö 3
ä %Ï θö ùs ΒiÏ $/\ #‹
x ã
t Ν
ö 3
ä ‹ø =n æ
t ]
y èy 7ö ƒt β&r ’
# ?n ã
t ‘â ŠÏ $)
s 9ø #$
. (`U :%) 〈 χ
š
θγ
ß )
s ø ƒt Ν
ö γ
ß =¯ èy 9s M
Ï ≈ƒt ψ
F #$ ∃
ß hÎ Ç
| Ρç #
y ‹ø .x ö à
Ý Ρ#$ 3 Ù
C è÷ /t ¨
} 'ù /t
:,"#) + $%&
.5 ! T $ 2 # J "0!" "BH # * !
.O # 4! ! 0H ' * "0
' 3# G #% < 8 # 4! L
9 # .C 4!
3# 25 % >H #A "0
' 3# 4 ' +0
.
( L?% "
'
-# -0" :- -
G-C -'# ! 0 ( )&= * ,-H 3-! L+-$ "-! -?F L-9 -
E0
9 % ! 0H 2-?F - -C J-
9' - 2( )- -0 "-9* 5 . % 3H
Çƒ$
eÏ !#$ ’ûÎ #( θγ
ß )
¤ x Gt Šu 9jÏ ...  : - &- -$ -
;- 2
()
-
0 ? G'
- - @ ;.-! 2 (P^^ :"-') 〈 χ
š
ρ‘â ‹
x tø †
s Ο
ó γ
ß =¯ èy 9s Ν
ö κÍ Dö 9s )Î #( θþ èã _
y ‘u #Œs )Î Ο
ó γ
ß Βt θö %s #( ρ‘â ‹
É ΨŠã 9Ï ρu
5- -# - "-? 8&- -
0 0 ' 2?' @ .C
( )
(PaV :-%) 〈 $κp 5Í χ
š
θγ
ß )
s ø ƒt ω
>
Ò θ=è %è Ν
ö λç ;m  -' -$ . - ' F
−
٦−
‫أث وو ا ام ا
وا‬
9 $%&
D9E* )*] :
- -
- $ .1'H * 9 DI D
.: 8
"% D
" : F: 7 G$%&
)
.(
[J7 K $ L%
3' D
F: , D7I D
:
1-'H
@
E -' -# - -0H $ 3" :;. * 0 (
-4$9C -#! 8''-@ L-9 . - - L9 # 5B #% !
. ( )(# ?F -
-0H -0
9 - - -4 ? &= * 4B .5 -# - -0H -
-! -% 1- -# T . # J -! "-? -( 2- - 0 1. ?F 5 - % ! #
.?F ! OT 2 ! O5& ' _ & 0? '$ 2
$
"-H -#% - ;-. -T -C J 5 3 #A )
.(
% L9 @ J' L9 # 4
"0H" #!
.S-?' -
-? -C E -9 O - J- '-@ .-5 ' $
3- -?F - - -'# '#+ ' 3. "0
' 3!
- .L-?% -
3- ,-H .4' "0
' 3 # 2' ."
" #% ! : O0 0H −
٧−
‫ ا*)
)(&ن‬+),‫ا‬
-‫ﻡ‬/$0‫ا‬
:#‫ا‬$‫ا‬
. 4(
( G J : I (P )
. ' # ( )
1)- L9 ! ' 4#' 5 * 0 L9 4 ( . J : ()
. 1'' 4H ' G C
. -5PQPa " "9 WQ`-WQUS 2Pb 2 5 1. H 39 # ( )
15 1 "" " , $ L C ; 8 . K7 b4 ;
1 ()
. PW 4$ "( ! "F (UVWQS 2L J) % . L # C 4 ' ' 5B "09 5 " 5 " ( )
-H! 2- 4B " "
# O7 "=
.C <4B 7 ;. G
$ : ()
;.-# -5 .4 1 4 8 '? H! 'A' 7 <4B .# 8 I
4- 1 -#% 8- -0 2# A 'A'! 1=
.5 b?' @ E 7!
! "'( 5 # 3H #% <.5 ' 4 54B ;.# 4H' # .5A
.5 ..% "00 ! +# 5 4B J$ ! 5 " 5)C #! $ -#% 8- 0! -G ' - 8 ;.# .4' #% GC 5 .C 8! O 8 0
. O& E$9C " 0
9 $ J' 8! .O'
7 ? ( b? 5 J
9 . 9 :30 . # : ()
. (`Paa -`Pa`S :90 H') > 7 7 $ #' - "-!? <-' 0! ' '? O0' 4'0 J "# "F (
)
" ) :H > 0 .5 ! .14 8' <. L , # < "
- ., 0 1. L
& '# # L
? ! 9 ,
@C ,- 0' @ # L 9 5 C , # >% ! GH
? 9 1.
-5 -C 2# ! "!? ! L " @ .9% "0 J L' J I9 2# 2.C B 5 >% G 3$ 1. # , "- - c B # ! .L5& "4 ! 9' @ 2"
+4 "# 10
.5 2"
+4 "0 10 ;
' "
+7 "
&4 '0 # . "9 # ,
. ( QdPVS 2Ub 2 B) ' <' =
"- ? J * 0H ! 0 B % : '# .'% ()
. PVU^ - -5PVa^ "9 2PdS 2'H
! 0H
.
" G
K
9 1. I9@ 0 ( )
-5 K'H ! .O' =' /! 3'! .C .."HH? "# G 5 # ()
−
٨−
‫أث وو ا ام ا
وا‬
$ 9 ./! .>'$ .? .C 2 ' : 0 .?e L0 S? . (4(
( G : I - G J )2EHH? " ! 0 "=
G
> J7 .5 ! " <.4 G $ G J ()
#- -$ .-40 - 70 # < -
& G .4 ."H
."9 54$ , 5 70
;-' ;
2 ; 0' ."! "'H "# "F ()
-/! - - ;- -5 < # . .5 ! ' < < 5 '
5- # .C .4! ' 5 40? 4! 3B
3$% % < ; 7
-5 , 1 15B ;
21& ;
- L0' - /! ![ E#
<.5 !
- . - & 5 .C "00 "#
! . G0 '& ! # ;' # 4 C 1
G- C C /! 2 .5 ! H
?' $ ' "& '#
/! *
. O O "-9 2Pa--PQS 2 "- &- -! 1-' ' :'# H' .5 I ! J)
.(-5PX^d
- H @ ;
S?' 87 .5 ! G $ .^U-^XS 2Pb2 (# H' ()
@ % C 7 C ?F ! ;. 2 A ?% 0' % <
../ @C #' @ f+ ;5 .(QW :A) 〈 $/\ #θu ¹
| Α
t $%s ρu 
ß ≈Ηo q
÷ § 9#$ &ã !s β
t ŒÏ &r 
ô Βt ω
)Î χ
š
θϑ
ß =¯ 3
s Gt ƒt ω
( $
y ¹
| πè 3
s ×Í ≈¯ =n ϑ
y 9ø #$ ρu y
ß ρ” 9#$ Πã θ)
à ƒt Πt θö ƒt  :' $ #
:-9) 〈 $¡
T ϑ
ô δ
y ω
)Î ì
ß ϑ
y ¡
ó @n ξ
Ÿ ùs 
Ç ≈Ηu q
÷ § =9Ï N
ß #θu ¹
ô {
F #$ M
Ï èy ±
t z
y ρu ( …&ã !s l
y θu ã
Ï ω
Ÿ 
z ç
Å #$
¤ !#$ χ
š
θèã 7Î F− ƒt ‹
7 ×Í Βt θö ƒt  :'
$
.(PdW
.G J ( )
- - L
9 "=
! # # :H 39 # ! G ()
.1- " .' ' # . ; : .G& "9 # G70 40
.PW`^ " '#
# "9 .UdQS 2Pb 2. 7% 4! 2& . 289 .C
. % +0 #. ' J7 ! G $ .UdQS 2Pb2H 39 # ()
4-' "-% -C - <4B C < ' C 7 "
# L
9
. "* " 2
2 " 0! 250
. -
0 L' 5$ ' 47 "4 # ' ! ' .?F ! 4! C ! 4 K
C - 4 '?
. 4H 5 0H :I '? ! - 0 J GH 9 ,0 (
)
−
٩−
‫ ا*)
)(&ن‬+),‫ا‬
-‫ﻡ‬/$0‫ا‬
- - F "=
"+ 1& &0 #& ,! 5 .! 5 +0 ()
. "=
! 4 (# A' . 4C &$
. GH J GH - I ( )
-? - - ,9 " ! .! &= % 0H H 5 ()
- -(# .
T ' ( ( 4! g ' "
0 " 9 ! ' 24 !'
. -5UdU " !' " "0 '# '+
5 9 '? < 5 00 ) 4! ;' 0 , ()
- -? GT '( ;' L& LH @
E # 4! C "
+& $
. ' 5 H O! EC ;. #! . , HH#' " 4#'
. < < ? . & ? 1 ( )
-' 1 .<- &-' '? "$ 4H 5 &'
0H " =' 0 ()
. (% .5 G' ' 5 5 L9 3 #%
-# -
: 2 # 2L?% # ! # ? ()
2- GC Z5 $ B! R?' J) h H$ 5(# $ 24
. ( "9 UXS 2Pb
. "9 .UU-UXS 2Pb 2 GC ( )
: 4 C -
0 .C 2C 5. ! &= ) 0H ' ! ; * $ ()
- : ?F =' C "H * C 2
0 ! !.0 0H
. "B% 0H" :< +0 ! O'#
L-
9 /! L
'' ' ;
' ?F A "0
' #% J 4! L
9 0H # .C K $%+ 2 F$%+ $%+ 2] : $ ;. 4'. #% O7
.[$ $%+*
−١٠−