١ﻉ٢ﻡ * ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ- ١ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ- ٢ ( ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻭﺿﺔ ﻛﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ١/٢) On old age ( ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻛﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ٢/٢) ( ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻛﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ٣/٢) Countervailing Galbraith power ( ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ٤/٢) LeviathanT.Hobbes ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ- ٣ ( ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻭﺿﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ١/٣) Weber ( ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ٢/٣) ( ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ٣/٣) Charity ( ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ٤/٣) ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ- ٤ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ( ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﲏ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ١/٤) ( ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳊِﻤﻰ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ٢/٤) enclosure movement ( ﺇﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ٣/٤) ٢٧ ( ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ٤/٤) ( ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺑﺬﻝ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ٥/٤) Pareto optimality Criteria tube well public utility ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ( ﺑﺬﻝ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ٦/٤) ( ﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻋﻮﻥ١/٦/٤) ( ﺑﺬﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ٢/٦/٤) ( ﺑﺬﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ٣/٦/٤) ( ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﺭ٤/٦/٤) ( ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ٥/٦/٤) ( ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ٦/٦/٤) ( ﺍﻹﺭﺙ٧/٤) primogeniture ١ ٧٠ ٣ ٧٠ Boulding ( ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ٨/٤) .(٥١)( ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ١/٨/٤) ( ﺍﳊﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻛﺎﺓ٢/٨/٤) ( ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺰﻛﺎﺓ٣/٨/٤) ( ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ٤/٨/٤) Jain ( ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ٩/٤) ( ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﲑﻳﺔ١٠/٤) ( ﺍﳌﻨﻴﺤﺔ١١/٤) ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ﺎﺭﺍﺑﻌ ﺎﺧﺎﻣﺴ ﺎﺳﺎﺩﺳ ﺎﺳﺎﺑﻌ ﺎﺛﺎﻣﻨ ﺎﺗﺎﺳﻌ ﺍﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ( ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ١٢/٤) ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ( ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ١٣/٤) (( ﺍﻟﺮِﻛﺎﺯ )ﺍﻟﻜﱰ١٤/٤) ﻧﻈﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻓﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ( ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﻣﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ١٥/٤) ( ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ١٦/٤) ( ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﻞ١٧/٤) Slavery ( ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﺭﺏ١٨/٤) ( ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﳊﺪ ﺃﺩﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ١٩/٤) ( ﺣﻖ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ٢٠/٤) ﻧﻈﻢ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ Meade ( ﺃﺛﺮ ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ٢١/٤) ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ Mishan ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ- ٥ ( ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ١/٥) . ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ:ﺃﻭﻻﹰ . ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻰ:ﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ . ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ:ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ:ﺎﺭﺍﺑﻌ : ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ:ﺎﺧﺎﻣﺴ : ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ:ﺎﺳﺎﺩﺳ ( ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ٢/٥) :ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ( ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻌﲔ؟٣/٥) JainGini Coefficient Kuznets C. Meade ( ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ٤/٥) :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ *(١) ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ١٩٧١ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺣﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ___________________________________________________________ :ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ (٢) ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻡ١٩٨٢ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺣﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ___________________________________________________________ :ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ :(٢) ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ: ﺃﻭﻻ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ،ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠـﻲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻷﺟﻔﺎﻥ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮﻱ،ﺍﻵﰊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ،ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺣﻲ،ﺃﻭﺯﺟﺎﻥ ﻃﻪ،ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﳉﺎﺭﺣﻲ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ،ﺍﳉﺎﺭﺣﻲ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ،ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻳﲏ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ،ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﻭﻱ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﳎﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺯﱐ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ،ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺧﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺳﻌﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﺢ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳌﻠﻚ،ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ،ﺷﺎﺑﺮﺍ ﳏﻤﺪ ﳒﺎﺓ ﺍﷲ،ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ،ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ،ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ،ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ،ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﺎﻃﻒ،ﻋﺠﻮﺓ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ،ﻋﻮﺽ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﲰﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﲰﻲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﺱ،ﻗﻠﻌﺠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ،ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﳒﻴﺐ،ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻌﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﻑ،ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻬﺎﱐ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ،ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ،ﺍﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ: ﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ Ahmad Mahfooz, "Distributive justice and Fiscal Monetary Economics in Islam" in M. 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