٩ﻡ ﳒﺎﺡ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ . ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ-١ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﲰﺎﱄ-٢ ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ؟-١/٢ Wiser Wicksteed Marshall Mark Blaug, p. 330. : ﻓﺄﻭﻻﹰ : ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ : ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ : ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻛﻔﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ-٢/٢ ، J. Duesenbury ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ-٣ Zarqa, pp. 205-211. ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ-١/٣ . : * ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ : * ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ : * ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ :ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ * ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻛﻔﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ-٢/٣ ﻓﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ (١) (٢) (٣) (٤) (٥) : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ : ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ > >< ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ : ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ Yt 0 (a 0 + b0 + e0 ) Yt1 (a1 + b1 + e1 ) ≤ Pt 0 Pt1 Pt1 ، Pto t1 ، to Yt1 ، Yto t1، to e1,b1,a1,eo,bo,ao : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ : ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ-٤ ٍﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺴﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺮ yt 0 = Ct 0 + M t 0 + St 0 Mto Cto ( yto ) Sto St 0 = Yt 0 − (M t 0 + Ct 0 ) M t 0 = m0 (Yt 0 ) mo Ct 0 = (a 0 + b0 + e0 )Yt 0 eo , bo , ao St 0 = Yt 0 − [Yt 0 (m0 ) + Yt 0 (a 0 + b0 + e0 )] = Yt − − [Yt 0 (m0 + a 0 + b0 + e0 )] Yto St 0 = 1 − (m0 + a 0 + b0 + e0 ) = s0 (0 < s < 1) Yt 0 so St 0 = s0 (Yt 0 ) so St 0 = Yt 0 [1 − (a 0 + b0 + e0 + m0 )] yt 1 [1 − (a1 + b1 + e1 )] y [1 − (a 0 + b0 + e0 )] ≥ p1 p0 t0 p1 , po . e1 , b1 , a1 , yt1 ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﳊﻖ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﺭ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ-٥ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ . ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﺭ-٦ ، ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ: ﺃﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﺍﺀ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﳒﺎﺡ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ،ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻠﻲ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ،ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻧﺎﻃﻲ،ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ ، ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ،ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ: ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ Blaug, Mark (1977) Economic Theory in Retrospect, 2nd Edition, Heinemann Educational Books Ltd., London. Patinkin, Don (1965), Money, Interest, and Prices, 2nd Edition, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York. Zarqa, M. A. “Islamic Perspective on The Economics of Discounting in Project Evaluation”, pp. 203-234. in Ahmad, Z., Iqbal M., and Khan M. F. Fiscal Policy and Resource Allocation in Islam. Time Preference and the Decision to Save in an Islamic Economy NAJAH ABDUL ALEEM ABU EL-FUTUH Assistant Professor Zagazig University - Egypt ABSTRACT : 1. Allocation of resources requires value judgments, one of which is the concept of positive time preference as a rational criterion for allocating consumption between the present and the future. Even within that value framework, zero and negative time preference compete with positive time preference, as rational criteria in certain cases. 2. In an Islamic economy, justice (fairness, equity) can replace time preference as a rational allocative criterion in all cases. Justice in that sense takes into consideration the changes across time of individual income and needs, as well as the intergenerational utilities. 3. Under ‘justice’ as an allocative criterion, the role of “expected rate of return on investment” in influencing the saving decision is diminished, as compared with the important role interest rate plays in optimizing the saving decision under the assumption of positive time preference.
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