٨ (*) ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﻬﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﲑ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ:ﺗﺮﲨﺔ .ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ-١ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻲ-٢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ-١/٢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ-٢/٢ (Samuelson p.577 (Money Capital) (Physical Capital) (Baumol (Leibenstein 1968) Leff 1978 1968 (Scott, and Nigro, p.577 ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻲ-٣/٢ (Factor inputs) (Consumed Inputs) HFP EFP HFP EFP ﻧﻮﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ :ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ (EFP) (HFP) : Samuelson, 1980: 557) ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (EFP) ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ-٤/٢ (EFP)ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺟﲑﺓ-٥/٢ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﻌﺾ ﲰﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ-٣ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ-١/٣ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺟﲑﺓ-٢/٣ ، (real rental) ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ-٣/٣ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ-١/٣/٣ Lewis 1961 M. Fahim Khan, 1978, p. 1-24. ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﲰﺎﱄ-٢/٣/٣ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ: ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ-٣/٣/٣ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ-٤/٣ Siddiqi 1986 ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ-٤ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺟﲑﺓ-١/٤ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ-٢/٤ SR Su SR-Su S D Su D Su So SR SS SR SR So So SR DDuSu SR -Su SR SR - Su (Say's Law) ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ-٣/٤ SR SuDu (SR-Du SR - Su SN DN ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ-١/٣/٤ ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﲰﺎﻟﻴﺔ-٢/٣/٤ ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ-٣/٣/٤ Khan 1984:1-24 ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ Baumol, W.J. “Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory”, American Economic Review, Volume LVIII, May, 1968, 64-71. Khan, F. Fahim, A Study into the Causes of Fluctuation in Real Wages in the Labour Surplus Economy of Pakistan, Ph.D. Dissertation (Unpublished) Boston: Boston University, August, 1978. ____________. “Macro Consumption Function in an Islamic Framework”. Journal of Research in Islamic Economics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Winter, 1984, 1-24. Leff, N.H. “Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, the Problem Revised”, Journal of Economic Literature, March, 1978. Leibenstein, H. “Entrepreneurship and Economics Development, American Economic Review, Vol. LVIII, May, 1968, 72-83. Lewis, Arthur. "Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour", The Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies (May 1954:84). Reprinted in: Okun B. and Richardson R.W., Studies in Economic Development (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961:163). Samuelson, P., Economics, 11th Edition, New York, McGraw Hill, 1980. Scott, R.H. and Nigro, N., Principles of Economics, New York: Macmillan, 1982. Siddiqi, M.N. ”Guarantee of a Minimum Level of Living in an Islamic State ” in Munawar Iqbal (ed.) Distributive Justice and Need Fulfillment in an Islamic, Islamabad: International Institute of Islamic Economics, 1986, 249-284. Factors of Production and Factor Markets in Islamic Framework MUHAMMAD FAHIM KHAN Professor of Economics International Institute of Islamic Economics Islamabad Translated by FARID BASHEER TAHIR Professor of Economics College of Administrative Sciences and Planning King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa ABSTRACT. Making a critical review of the conventional classification of factors of production, this paper presents a new classification based on the modes of payments for them approved by Shari’ah. Entrepreneurial and hired factors of production are then described and their demand and supply conditions discussed in the context of equilibrium in the factors’ market.
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