ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Islamic Banking Opportunities in Asia: Focus-Bangladesh Mohd. Shamsul Haque Deputy Managing Director Operations Wing Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Country Information : Bangladesh 150 Million Population Muslim : 90% Growth Rate : 1.32% Density : 990 per Square Km. Life expectancy : 67 years Below extreme poverty line : 25% Per Capita Income : USD 750 ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Global vis a vis Asian Islamic Banking Scenario Due to financial crisis World output contracted by 0.80% in 2009 as against growth of 3.00% in 2008. World trade volume also contracted by 12.30% in 2009 as against growth of 2.80% in 2008. Despite negative growth of world output and world trade volume there has been continuous growth of Islamic Banking world wide. According to an S&P report, assets of the top 500 Islamic Banks expanded by 28.60% to total $822 billion in 2009, compared to $639 billion in 2008. Malaysia is recognized as Asia’s Islamic Financial hub by Price Water House Coopers. At the end of 2009 Malaysia’s Islamic Banking assets equivalent to $35.20 billion having largest “sukuk” i.e the Islamic equivalent to bond to $25 billion. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Global vis a vis Asian Islamic Banking Scenario In Asia, mainly in the Middle Eastern countries, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh Islamic Banking growth is at a faster rate then the conventional banking. In Bangladesh there are 7 (seven) full fledged Islami Bank having 496 Branches and 8 (eight) Bangladeshi Conventional Banks and 3 (three) Foreign Commercial Banks had 21 (twenty one) Islami Banking Branches. During the recent past 2 (two) conventional banks were converted into full fledged Islami banks. Among the above, growth rate of IBBL was 23% as against 20.00 % conventional banks. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Islamic Banking Opportunities in Asia: Focus-Bangladesh Objectives : Despite the growth of Islamic banking along with Traditional banking in Bangladesh and other parts of the world, there is a debate regarding whether Islamic banking is any different from the Traditional banking. In this presentation, in order to clarify misleading concepts about Islamic banking, it has been sought to achieve several objectives. First, the savings and investment mobilization mechanisms of both Islamic and Traditional banks have been analyzed. Second, a number of apparent similarities that frequently equalize both banking have been explained, although they are quite different by nature and in effect. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Islamic Banking Opportunities in Asia : Focus-Bangladesh Objectives Cont… Third, the Islamic nature and interpretation of such apparent similarities between the Islamic and Traditional banking, as premises of Islamic banking have been explained. Finally, the the trends trends of of branch branch expansion expansion of of all all Islamic Islamic banks banks and and the the Finally, trends of of Islamic Islamic banking banking branch branch expansion expansion of of the the traditional traditional banks banks in in trends Bangladesh have have been been analyzed analyzed to to examine examine the the premises premises of of Islamic Islamic Bangladesh banking. banking. It is is hypothesized hypothesized that that the the growth growth of of Islamic Islamic banking banking system system is is gaining gaining It momentum in in Bangladesh. Bangladesh. The The results results indicate indicate Islamic Islamic banking banking aa momentum promising one one for for the the country country to to minimize minimize its its gap gap between between savings savings and and promising investment. investment. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED What is Islamic Banking ? An Islamic Bank is a financial institution that operates with the objective to implement and materialize the economic and financial principles of Islam in the banking arena. As per OIC: “a financial and social institution whose objectives and operations as well as principles and practices must conform to the principles of Islamic Shariah (Jurisprudence), and which must avoid the interest in any of its operations” and “a Company which carries on Islamic banking business. Islamic Banking Act 1983 of Malaysia : Islamic banking business means banking business whose aims and operations do not involve any element which is not approved by the religion Islam.” ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED What make Islamic Banking Different from Conventional Western banking No interest (Riba) paid or charged for any transaction or service to ensure justice, welfare and non-exploitation. The investments of an Islamic bank must be channeled to the Islamic Shariah approved (Halal) sectors by Islamic modes of finance like Mudaraba, Musharaka, Bai-Muajjal, Bai-Salam, Ijara, Hire Purchase, etc., Based on the sharing of risk and profit. Islamic bankers in effect generate “profit and loss” transactions in which the lender or bank shares in gains or losses based on the economic viability of the project and the credit worthiness of the customer. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Principles of Islamic Banking and Finance Prohibition on interest : The Qur'an forbids the charging of Riba on money lent. "O You who believe! Fear Allah and give up that remains of your demand for usury, if you are indeed believers." Concept of money In an Islamic system money is primarily and exclusively a measure of value, a means of exchange and a standard of deferred of payment. Money has to operate through some real economic activity or service. It is a facilitator and an intermediary, not an active selfcontained agent in itself. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Principles of Islamic Banking and Finance Cont… Rules regarding Islamic investment Any predetermined payment over and above the actual amount of principal is prohibited. The lender must share in the profits or losses arising out of the enterprise for which the money was lent Making money from money is not acceptable in Islam. Gharar (Uncertainty, Risk or Speculation) is also prohibited. Investments should only products that are not discouraged by Islam support practices or forbidden or even ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Savings : Islamic vs. Traditional banking Islamic Banks services Traditional banks Al Wadiah (Trust) Current Current Mudarabah Savings and Savings and Term deposits. Fixed Deposits. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Savings : Islamic vs. Traditional banking Islamic Islamic Banks Banks Islamic banks accept deposits with the condition that the money will be put to work combined with the skills and management expertise of banks. The depositor would get back his principal amount together with a share of profit after the expiry of the contract. In fact, the depositor agrees to put his money in the bank’s investment account and to share profits with the bank. In this case, the depositor is the supplier of capital and the bank is the manager of capital. The depositor does not earn interest on a fixed rate in Islamic banking system, but accepts some of the business risks and earns a share of the profit. The depositor is not guaranteed any pre-determined return on the nominal value of his deposit like interest-bearing banks, but is treated as a shareholder of the bank and as such, is entitled to a share of the profits made by the bank. if the bank incurs losses, the depositor shares in these losses and the value of his deposit is reduced. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Savings : Islamic vs. Traditional banking Traditional Traditional banks banks The Traditional bank accepts deposits to supply money to the income generating activities of entrepreneurs. The major source of funds for Traditional banks is customer deposit, on which the bank pays fixed interest rate. This deposit is a form of debt given to the bank by a bank customer. The bank has to pay to the depositor the principle as well as interest, regardless whether the bank makes a profit from the money or not. In case of a bad loan, the bank has to pay the depositor from its own resources. The depositor has not shared risk with the bank, but is getting paid for his debt to the bank ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Investment Mechanisms : Islamic vs. Traditional banking Lending (Investment) services : Islamic Banks Traditional banks Bai-Murabaha Loans Bai-Muajjal Cash Credits Ijara Overdrafts Bai-Salam Purchase or Discount of Bills Qard Hasana Advances for Hire-purchase Mudarabaha Musharakah ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Investment Mechanisms : Islamic vs. Traditional banking Islamic Investment Mechanisms Islamic banks earn profit either from investment in trading (bai) and leasing (Ijara) or in production/manufacturing. As a result, Islamic banks get directly involved in trade and industry, for which Islamic banks perform functions of both an intermediary and manager. Lack of expertise to appraise and monitor different types of industries and long drawn court procedures for recovery of bad loans in case of default by borrowers make Islamic banks hesitant for long-term Mudaraba or Musahraka modes of lending. Consequently, ' bai ' and ‘lease’ modes of investment become dominant forms of financing by Islamic banks. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Investment Mechanisms : Islamic vs. Traditional banking Islamic Investment Mechanisms Cont… Islamic banking is involved indirectly with commodity trading, as a manager of funds based on the request of the client. The business relationship between the bank and client on an actual basis considers every aspect of assurance of profitability, such as credit risk, liquidity risk, maturity risk and inflation risk. In case of genuine default, the Islamic bank recovers only principal without any compensation for bearing risk. In case of willful default, there is no alternative to the Islamic bank except demanding compensation for bearing risk. However, Islamic banks do not account this compensation as part of its income, rather they distribute these monies to the poor. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Trends of Islamic Bank Branch Expansion 1983: Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, the 1st Islamic Bank in South East Asia, started its journey with 3 branches. 1987: Al-Baraka Bank Ltd. (Now ICB Islamic Bank Limited) established and IBBL branch number stood at 18. 1995: Al Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. and Social Investment Bank Ltd. (renamed as Social Islami Bank Limited) were established. 1998: The number of branches of 4 Islamic Banks stood at 172. 2000: Prime Bank Ltd., a Traditional bank, opened an Islamic branch that provided a new dimension and set a new example of dual banking system in the country. 2000: Shamil Bank Bahrain, (Now Bank Al- Falah Ltd.) a foreign Islamic bank opened its branch in Bangladesh. The number of Islamic bank branches stood at 194. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Trends of Islamic Bank Branch Expansion Cont… 2001: Shahjalal Bank Ltd., a local Islamic bank, was established. 2002: 5 domestic and one foreign Islamic banks’ branches stood at 225. 2003: 5 new domestic Traditional banks namely i. The Dhaka Bank Ltd. ii. The South East Bank Ltd. iii. Premier Bank Ltd. iv. The City Bank Ltd. and v. Jamuna Bank Limited opened 9 Islamic bank branches. Prime Bank Ltd. also opened second Islamic branch in the same year. Up to the year 2003: The number of branches of 7 Islamic banks stood at 496 and number of Islamic branches of 11 Traditional banks stood 21 i,e, altogether 517 =(496+21) Islamic bank branches were opened in the country. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Trends of Islamic Bank Branch Expansion Cont… 2004: EXIM Bank Ltd. has migrated all of its conventional banking operation into Shariah based Islami banking with its 52 branches. Subsequently four (4) nationalized traditional commercial banks (the largest banking companies) took initiative to implement Islamic banking system side by side with their existing one. 2005: Bank Al Falah Limited, a foreign Islamic bank opened its office in Bangladesh and now its branch number is 5. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Trends of Islamic Bank Branch Expansion Cont… In the year 2009, the total number of Islamic banks stood at 8 and the total number of Islamic bank branches stood at 517 in Bangladesh. It follows, therefore, the growth of Islamic banking in terms of branch expansion was observed not only in Islamic banking companies but also in Traditional banking companies. The premises of Islamic banking system in Bangladesh have become stronger, although Islamic-banking system is working side by side with Traditional banking system. It is an encouraging experience indicating a promising banking system for other countries of Asia to minimize their gap between savings and investment. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Analysis of Trends of Islamic Bank Branch Expansion Year No. of Islamic Bank No. of Branches of Islamic Banks Year No. of Islamic Bank No. of Branches of Islamic Banks 1983 1 3 1995 4 123 1984 7 1996 137 1985 13 1997 152 1986 18 1998 172 24 1999 185 1988 37 2000 5 194 1989 58 2001 6 208 1990 71 2002 225 1991 84 2003 242 1992 97 2004 7 258 10 1993 103 2009 8 496 21 1994 111 1987 2 No. of Islamic Branches of Traditional banks No. of Islamic Branches of Traditional banks 1 ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Regulatory and Supervisory Body : Securities & Exchange Commission Central Bank : Bangladesh Bank Islamic Banks Consultative Forum (IBCF) Central Shariah Board for Islamic Banks of Bangladesh . ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Central Bank Guidelines for Islamic Banking: November 2009 Criteria for setting up full-fledged Islamic Bank. The proposed bank company will be a public limited company and a minimum of 50% share shall be offered to the public. All the financial transactions of the banking company shall be conducted based on the principles of Islamic Shariah. The banking company, to commence business, shall raise a minimum paid-up capital of Tk.2.00 billion and shall at all times maintain the required capital adequacy ratio,as prescribed by the Bangladesh Bank. Principles of Deposit Islamic banks. receive deposits under two principles: i) Al-Wadeeah principle. ii) Mudaraba principle. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Central Bank Guidelines for Islamic Banking Investment Principles & Investment Products Islamic banks do not directly deal in money. They run business with money. The funds of Islamic banks are mainly invested in the following modes: . 1) Mudaraba 2) Musharaka 3) Bai-Murabaha (Murabaha to the purchase orders) 4) Bai-Muajjal 5) Salam and parallel Salam 6) Istisna and parallel Istisna 7) Ijara 8) Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek (Hire Purchase) 9) Hire Purchase Musharaka Mutanaqisa (HPMM) 10) Direct Investment 11) Investment Auctioning etc. 12) Quard 13) Quard Hassan etc. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Central Bank Guidelines for Islamic Banking Framework of Rate of Return: Under Mudaraba principles, profit accrued from investment and financing are shared between the depositors and the bank based on pre-agreed profit ratio. Losses, if any, will be borne by the depositor unless the loss is due to the negligence by the bank in managing the depositors' funds. Given this unique relationship where the depositors would have a direct. financial interest over the bank's income, it is essential to ensure calculation of rate of return in a fair and equitable manner. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED ISLAMIC BANKS CONSULTATIVE FORUM (IBCF) The problems and issues relating to the growth and development of Islamic Banking in Bangladesh are discussed and common strategy and policies are formulated for implementation through this common Forum. Goals : • To establish Central Shariah Board for all Islamic Banks in Bangladesh, Islamic Money Market, Islamic Insurance Company(s), • Innovation of new financial products • Embarking in investment through syndication etc. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Central Shariah Board for Islamic Banks of Bangladesh Central Shariah Board for Islamic Banks of Bangladesh (CSBIB) is a national Islamic non-profit corporate body of Islamic banks and Islamic banking branches/windows operating in Bangladesh. The main objective of CSBIB is to provide overall cooperation and assistance to the government, central bank, regulatory authority and its member banks for tracking right path to Islamic banking industry under the light of Islamic Shariah. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited : Pioneer in Bangladesh ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED (IBBL) was established on 13th March 1983 IBBL is a commercial Bank IBBL is a scheduled Bank IBBL is a multinational Bank IBBL is a joint venture Bank ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Mission : Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited To introduce welfare oriented banking system ensuring equity and justice in the field of all economic activities To achieve balanced growth and equitable development through diversified investment operations To invest in the priority sectors and less developed areas of the country To encourage socio-economic enlistment and sustained economic growth of the country. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Capital Structure of IBBL Particulars 2000 2005 2009 Authorized Capital Million US$ 14.50 72.46 144.93 Paid of Capital Million US$ 5 40 90 39 121 343 Foreign Shares 62% 57.08% 58.23% Local Shares 38% 42.12% 41.77% Total share holders 7549 17201 52,164 Dividend 25% stock 25% stock 20% stock & 10% cash Face value per Share $14.49 $14.49 $1.45 EPS $0.51 $0.71 $0.80 Market price of Shares (Highest) $4.7.9 $ 8.09 $12.90 Equity Million US$ ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Equity Structure of IBBL Particulars Million US$ 2009 % to RWA % to total Capital 2008 % to RWA % to total Capital 89.53 0.03 90.49 5.32 0.46 26.86 212.69 3.05% 0.00% 3.08% 0.18% 0.02% 0.91% 7.24% 26.15% 0.01% 26.44% 1.55% 0.14% 7.84% 62.13% 68.87 0.03 71.60 1.74 0.46 20.66 163.36 2.74% 0.00% 2.85% 0.07% 0.02% 0.82% 6.50% 25.59% 0.01% 26.60% 0.65% 0.17% 7.67% 60.69% 39.13 1.33% 11.43% 33.56 1.34% 12.47% 7.39 0.25% 2.16% 8.27 0.33% 3.07% 31.26 0.56 7.81 43.48 1.06% 0.02% 0.27% 1.48% 9.13% 0.16% 2.28% 12.70% 16.49 0.56 3.43 43.48 0.66% 0.02% 0.14% 1.73% 6.13% 0.21% 1.28% 16.15% 129.63 342.32 2938.50 4.41% 11.65% 37.87% 100.00% 105.80 269.16 2511.44 4.22% 10.72% 39.31% 100.00% i. Core Capital a. Paid-up Capital b. Share Premium c. Statutory Reserve d. General Reserve e. Dividend Equalization Account f. Retained Earnings Total Core Capital ii. Supplementary Capital g. General Provision on UC Investment h. General Provision on Off Balance Sheet Item i. Assets Revaluation Reserves (50)% j. Exchange Equalization Account k. Revaluation Reserves of securities l. Mudaraba Perpetual Bond Total Supplementary Capital Total Capital/Equity Total Risk Weighted Assets ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited : At a glance Million US$ Particulars 2000 2005 2009 Share to Country Share to Total Islamic Banks National Rank 2009 1st Deposit 466 1562 3540 9% 51% Investment 398 1408 3272 9% 52% Import 367 1080 2337 11% 49% Export 245 524 1542 12% 40% Remittance 111 536 2822 28% 85% position in Import Export Remittance & Operating Profit ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited : At a glance Particulars Deposit account Holder Investment account Holder 2009 4,591,463 80,471 Total number of branches of IBBL 232 All Bank Branches in Bangladesh 7152 Islamic Banks Branches Conventional Banks Islamic Branches Full-fledged Islamic Bank 497 21 8 Foreign Correspondents of IBBL 919 Correspondent Banks of IBBL 295 ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Mode wise Investment of IBBL Amount in Million Dollar Mode 2009 2008 Amount % to Total Investment Amount % to Total Investment Bai-Murabaha 1698 54.60% 1394 53.44% Hire Purchase Under Sirkatul Melk 1071 34.42% 915 35.08% Bai-Muazzal 106 3.41% 95 3.64% Purchase& Negotiation 164 5.26% 148 5.68% Quard 41 1.32% 31 1.19% Bai- Salam 30 0.97% 25 0.95% Musharaka 1 0.02% 1 0.02% 3110 100.00% 2609 100.00% Total ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Economic Purpose-wise Investment of IBBL Real Estate, 4.23% Transport, 1.65% Trade , 31.87% RDS, 1.78% Other Special Schemes, 1.18% Others , 3.43% INDUSTRY , 52.34% AGRICULTUR E & AGRO INDUSTRY, 3.53% ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Rural Development Scheme (RDS) : At a glance Particulars No of Village No. of Member May, 2010 National Rank 10800 4 500154 th Disbursement (Million US$) 394 position Out of Outstanding (Million US$) 62 1500 Rate of Recovery Members Savings (Million US$) 99% 23 MFI of the Country ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED IBBL’s International Affiliation Member, Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions, Bahrain. Member, General Council for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions, Bahrain Member, International Chamber of Commerce, (Bangladesh Chapter) Member, International Islamic Conciliation and Commercial Arbitration Centre, UAE Member, International Islamic Financial Market (IIFM), Bahrain Member, Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), Malaysia ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED IBBL’s National Affiliation Member, Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management (BIBM) Member, The Institute of Bankers, Bangladesh (IBB) Bangladesh Association of Banks (BAB) Bangladesh Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association (BAFEDA) Central Shariah Board for Islamic Banks In Bangladesh Islamic Banks’ Consultative Forum (IBCF) Dhaka Chamber Of Commerce & Industry (DCCI) ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Special Features of IBBL’s Performance IBBL is Recognized as the Best Bank in National and International Level. National Best Corporate Award 2007 By Institute of Cost Management and Accountant Bangladesh. ‘Global Finance’ A New York Based Financial Magazine, Named IBBL as the Best Bank of the Country for 2009,2008,2007,2005, 2000 & 1999. ‘Bank Watch’ A New York Based International Credit Rating Agency recognized IBBL as the Market Leader. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Corporate Social Responsibility Bangladesh Bank issued a circular No. DOS. 01 dated 1 June 2008 regarding guidelines for mainstreaming Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in banks and financial institutions. Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) also formulated the same as their Governance Standard No. 7 of which IBBL is obliged to follow as the member of their charter. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited being one of the most important corporate citizen of the country, has been discharging its responsibilities to the society in general, both directly through its mainstream operations as well as indirectly through its fully owned subsidiary ‘Islami Bank Foundation’ since inception. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Corporate Social Responsibility As per guidelines of the Central Bank, CSR practices of the Bank are categorized as follows: CSR practices within the organization. Scrutinizing environmental and social impact of the projects financed/to be financed by the Bank. Reaching out with financial services to the less fortunate segments of the community. Community investment by way of donations. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Corporate Social Responsibility Islami Bank Medical College 6 Modern Hospitals and 8 Community Hospitals 5 Vocational Institutes named Islami Bank Institute of Technology Islami Bank Physiotherapy and Disabled Rehabilitation Centre Distressed Women Rehabilitation Centre Islami Bank International School and College Service Centre for vulnerable people Monorom Islami Bank Crafts & Fashions Other Activities Scholarship to the poor and meritorious students Grant for Medical treatment Grant for sustenance & marriage ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Ratings Rating Agency : Credit Rating Information and Services Limited (CRISL) Basis of Rating: Long-term ‘AA+’ Short-term ‘ST-1’ Wide Branch Network, Strong Market Share, Stable Customer Deposit Base, Diversified and Innovative Product Line, Experienced Management Team, Contribution to Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Financial Performance, Good Asset quality, Comfortable liquidity position and low cost of fund. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Conclusion Islamic banks in Bangladesh have become, to an extent, successful in the field of savings and investment mobilization. As a result, the growth of Islamic banking in terms of branch expansion was evident not only in Islamic banking companies but also in Traditional banking companies. Islamic banking is growing well in terms of resource mobilization. These indicate that premises of Islamic banking system in Bangladesh have become stronger, although Islamic-banking system is working side by side with Traditional banking system. The banking system of the country will forward towards Islamic banking system in future and it is really promising for other countries. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED Recommendation In order to remove misconception about Islamic banking from the minds of bankers and customers, there is no alternative to publicity, research and training of Islamic banking practices. Research should focus on the development of financial products that conform to Islamic Sharia, and training should be given to bankers, potential researchers and bank customers. ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED
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