٣ ﻡ ∗ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ∗ ( ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ١) ( ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ١-١) ﻛﺸـﺠﺮﺓ، ﺃﱂ ﺗﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ـﺎ ﺗﺆﰐ ﺃﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺣﲔ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺭ، ﻭﻓﺮﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ، ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ،ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ( ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ١-٢) ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ-١ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﱄ-٢ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻲ-٣ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ (( ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ )ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ٢) ( ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ٢-١) ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ-١ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ-٢ ( ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﻮﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ٢-٢) ( ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ٢-٣) ( ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﺎﺓ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﺎﺓ٢-٤) ( ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ٣) (ﺎ ﲝﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ)ﺃﻱ ﺇﺟﺎﺭ ( ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ٣-١) ( ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ٣-٢) ﻫﺎ( ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺿﺎﺕ ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺭﺩ٤) ( ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ٤-١) ( ﺧﻠﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ٤-٢) ( ﲡﺎﻧﺲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ٤-٣) ( ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ٤-٤) ( ﺭﺑﺢ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ٤-٥) ﺎ ﻭﺻﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎ:( ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ٥) ( ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﰲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻌـﺎﺕ؟ )ﻣﺴـﺘﻮﻯ٥-١) (ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ( ﻫﻞ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﲟﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ؟٥-٢) ( ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ؟٥-٣) ( ﻫﻞ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ؟٥-٤) ( ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺍﳊﺼﺔ٥-٥) ( ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺼﺺ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﻧﻘﺪ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺗـﻮﺯﻉ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ٥-٦) ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ ( ﻧﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ٦) ( ﲤﻬﻴﺪ٦-١) ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﺪ،( ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ٦-٢) ( ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ٦-٣) ﻭﻻ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ،( ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ٦-٤) ( ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ٦-٥) (٦١٥ ) ﺃ ( ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ )ﺹ )ﺏ( ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ )ﺟـ( ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺑﻨﺎ :ﺃﻭﻻﹰ :ﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ :ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ :ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ :ﺎﺧﺎﻣﺴ ﺍﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺟﻬـﺪﻻ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ( ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ٧) ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟـﺎﺯﺕ ﺍﻹﺟـﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺠـﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴـﻢ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﳎﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ _________ _________ _________ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺰﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻣﲔ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ _________ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ _________ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﻏﺪﺓ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﹼﺮﺍﺀ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ،ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ _________ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ،ﺑﺎﺑﻠﻠﻲ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ،ﺑﺎﺯ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ،ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ،ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺯﻭﻗﻲ،ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ،ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻮﰐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ،ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﱄ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ،ﺍﳉﱪ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ،ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ،ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺎ،ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﳊﺼﲏ ﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﲪﻮﺩ ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﺰﺕ،ﳋﻴﺎﻁ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ،ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻮ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ،ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻴﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺧﺴﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ،ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﺮﻑ، ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻏﻲ_________ ﺍﻟـﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ،ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﱐ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻭﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﺮ،ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ،ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻄﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ،ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﲏ،ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ،ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ _________ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﺩ،ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ،ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄـﻴﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ،ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺷﻲ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﱀ،ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﱐ ، ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ،ﻣﺎﻟﻚ __ _______ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ،ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ،ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ _________ _________ _________ ﳏﻤﺪ ﳒﻴﺐ،ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻧﺪﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﳏﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﻦ،ﻳﻮﻧﺲ Participation of Capital Goods in the Produce or the Profit RAFIC AL-M ASRI King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT. One useful mode of Islamic Participatory Financing (IPF) is Durable Asset Participation (DAP) whereby the asset owner offers it for use in an enterprise against a share in the produce or the profit. Most Islamic jurists prohibit (DAP) and permit the owner only to rent out his asset for a fixed rental. The paper critically examines the arguments and supports the minority opinion of Hanbalis who permit (DAP) because it allows a more equitable distribution of risks. It is concluded that any factor of production which is allowed a fixed rental is also permitted to share in profits. The views of M. Baqer al-Sadr on the subject are criticised. The spectrum of (IPF) modes is reviewed with respect to distribution of risks and returns among factors, and (DPA) is found to have lower monitoring and accounting costs.
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz