Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Guide, Release
10.0(1)
First Published: 2013-12-03
Last Modified: 2017-06-22
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Text Part Number: OL-29848-01
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CONTENTS
Preface
Preface xv
Purpose xv
Audience xvi
Organization xvi
Related Documentation xviii
Conventions xix
Obtain Documentation, Support, and Security Guidelines xix
Cisco Product Security Overview xix
PART I
CHAPTER 1
Security Basics 1
Security Overview 3
Terms and Acronyms 3
System Requirements 7
Features List 8
Security Icons 9
Interactions and Restrictions 10
Interactions 10
Restrictions 11
Authentication and Encryption 12
Barge and Encryption 12
Wideband Codecs and Encryption 13
Media Resources and Encryption 13
Phone Support and Encryption 13
Phone Support and Encrypted Setup Files 14
Security Icons and Encryption 14
Cluster and Device Security Modes 14
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Digest Authentication and Encryption 15
Packet Capturing and Encryption 15
Best Practices 15
Device Resets, Server and Cluster Reboots, and Service Restarts 16
Reset Devices, Reboot Servers and Clusters, and Restart Services 16
Media Encryption with Barge Setup 17
CTL Client, SSL, CAPF, and Security Token Installation 18
TLS and IPSec 18
Certificates 18
Phone Certificate Types 19
Server Certificate Types 20
Support for Certificates from External CAs 21
Authentication, Integrity, and Authorization 22
Image Authentication 22
Device Authentication 22
File Authentication 23
Signaling Authentication 23
Digest Authentication 24
Authorization 26
Encryption 27
Signaling Encryption 27
Media Encryption 27
Configuration File Encryption 29
NMAP Scan Operation 29
Set Up Authentication and Encryption 30
Where to Find More Information 32
CHAPTER 2
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over Secure Sockets Layer (HTTPS) 35
HTTPS 35
HTTPS for Cisco Unified IP Phone Services 37
Cisco Unified IP Phones Supporting HTTPS 37
Features That Support HTTPS 37
Cisco Unified IP Phone Services Settings 38
Enterprise Parameter Settings for HTTPS Support 40
Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Internet Explorer 8 40
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Copy Internet Explorer 8 Certificate to File 41
First-Time Authentication for Firefox with HTTPS 42
Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Firefox 3.x 43
Copy Firefox 3.x Certificate to File 43
First-Time Authentication for Safari with HTTPS 44
Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Safari 4.x 45
Copy Safari 4.x Certificate to File 46
Where to Find More Information About HTTPS Setup 46
CHAPTER 3
Default Security Setup 47
Default Security Features 47
Trust Verification Service 48
TVS Description 48
Initial Trust List 48
ITL Files 49
ITL File Contents 49
ITL and CTL File Interaction 49
Interactions and Restrictions 50
Update ITL File for IP Phones 50
Autoregistration 50
Obtain Cisco Unified IP Phone Support List 50
Certificate Regeneration 51
Regenerate CAPF Certificate 51
Regenerate TVS Certificate 51
Regenerate TFTP Certificate 52
Tomcat Certificate Regeneration 52
System Back-Up Procedure After TFTP Certificate Regeneration 53
Refresh Upgrade From Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.x to Release 8.6
Or Later 53
Roll Back Cluster to a Pre-8.0 Release 54
Switch Back to Release 8.6 or Later After Revert 55
Migrate IP Phones Between Clusters with Cisco Unified Communications Manager and ITL
Files 56
Bulk Certificate Export 57
Perform Bulk Reset of ITL File 57
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CHAPTER 4
Cisco CTL Client Setup 59
About Cisco CTL Client Setup 60
Cluster Encryption Configuration Through CLI 60
Return to CTL Client for Cluster Encryption 61
Remove eToken Run Time Environment 3.00 for CTL Client 5.0 Plug-In 62
Cisco CTL Client Setup Tips 62
Set Up Cisco CTL Client 63
Activate Cisco CTL Provider Service 64
Cisco CAPF Service Activation 65
Set Up Ports for TLS Connection 65
Cisco CTL Client Installation 67
Upgrade Cisco CTL Client and Migrate Cisco CTL File 67
Set Up Cisco CTL Client 68
Update CTL File 71
Delete CTL File Entry 73
Update Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Mode 73
Cisco CTL Client Settings 74
Verify Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Mode 76
Set Up Smart Card Service to Started or Automatic 77
Security Token Password (eToken) Modification 78
Delete CTL File on Cisco Unified IP Phone 78
Determine Cisco CTL Client Version 79
Verify or Uninstall Cisco CTL Client 79
CHAPTER 5
Certificate Setup 81
About Certificate Setup 81
Find Certificate 81
Certificate Settings 82
Security for Cisco Unified IP Phone and Cisco Voice-Messaging Ports 83
PART II
CHAPTER 6
Phone Security 85
Phone Security 85
Trusted Devices 86
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Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration 86
Device Called Trust Determination Criteria 87
Phone Model Support 87
Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Set Up 88
Set Up Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Profile Per-Device Certificates 88
Set Up Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Profile Shared Certificates 88
View Phone Security Settings 89
Set Up Phone Security 89
Where to Find More Information About Phone Security 90
CHAPTER 7
Phone Security Profile Setup 91
About Phone Security Profile Setup 91
Phone Security Profile Setup Tips 92
Find Phone Security Profile 92
Set Up Phone Security Profile 93
Phone Security Profile Settings 94
Apply Phone Security Profile 100
Synchronize Phone Security Profile with Phones 101
Delete Phone Security Profile 102
Find Phones with Phone Security Profiles 102
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles 103
CHAPTER 8
Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tone Setup 105
Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tones 105
Protected Devices 105
Supported Devices 106
Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tones Important Information 106
Secure Tone Setup Requirements 107
CHAPTER 9
Encryption to Analog Endpoint Setup 109
Analog Phone Security Profile 109
Certificate Management for Secure Analog Phones 109
CHAPTER 10
Certificate Authority Proxy Function 111
About Certificate Authority Proxy Function 111
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Cisco Unified IP Phone and CAPF Interaction 112
CAPF Interaction with IPv6 Addressing 113
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements 115
CAPF in Cisco Unified Serviceability Setup 116
Set Up CAPF 116
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service 117
Update CAPF Service Parameters 118
Generate and Import Third Party CA-Signed LSCs 118
Install, Upgrade, Troubleshoot, or Delete Certificates From Phone Using CAPF 119
CAPF Settings 119
Find Phones by LSC Status or Authentication String 121
Generate CAPF Report 121
Enter Phone Authentication String 122
Verify Phone Authentication String 123
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup 123
CHAPTER 11
Encrypted Phone Configuration File Setup 125
About Phone Configuration File Encryption 125
Manual Key Distribution 126
Symmetric Key Encryption with Phone Public Key 127
Phone Models Supporting Encrypted Configuration File 128
Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips 128
Set Up Encryption Configuration File 129
Enable Phone Configuration File Encryption 130
Set Up Manual Key Distribution 130
Manual Key Distribution Settings 131
Enter Phone Symmetric Key 132
Verify LSC or MIC Certificate Installation 132
Disable Phone Configuration File Encryption 133
Exclude Digest Credentials From Phone Configuration File Download 134
Where to Find More Information About Encrypted Phone File Setup 134
CHAPTER 12
Digest Authentication for SIP Phones Setup 135
Set Up SIP Phone Digest Authentication 135
Set Up Digest Authentication Service Parameters 136
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Set Up End User Digest Credentials 137
End User Digest Credential Settings 137
Set Up Digest User Using Phone 138
Where to Find More Information About Digest Authentication 138
CHAPTER 13
Phone Hardening 139
Gratuitous ARP Disable 139
Web Access Disable 139
PC Voice VLAN Access Disable 140
Setting Access Disable 140
PC Port Disable 140
Set Up Phone Hardening 140
Where to Find More Information About Phone Hardening 141
CHAPTER 14
Secure Conference Resources Setup 143
Secure Conference 143
Conference Bridge Requirements 144
Secure Conference Icons 145
Secure Conference Status 146
Ad Hoc Conference Lists 146
Meet-Me Conference with Minimum Security Level 147
Cisco Unified IP Phone Secure Conference and Icon Support 148
Secure Conference CTI Support 149
Secure Conference Over Trunks and Gateways 149
CDR Data 149
Interactions and Restrictions 149
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Interactions with Secure Conference 149
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Restrictions with Secure Conference 150
Securing Conference Resources Tips 151
Set Up Secure Conference Bridge 152
Set Up Secure Conference Bridge in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration 153
Set Up Minimum Security Level for Meet-Me Conferences 153
Set Up Packet Capturing for Secure Conference Bridge 154
Where to Find More Information About Secure Conferences Resources 154
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CHAPTER 15
Voice-Messaging Ports Security Setup 157
Voice-Messaging Security 157
Voice-Messaging Security Setup Tips 158
Set Up Secure Voice-Messaging Port 159
Apply Security Profile to Single Voice-Messaging Port 159
Apply Security Profile Using Voice Mail Port Wizard 160
Where to Find More Information About Voice-messaging Security 161
CHAPTER 16
Call Secure Status Policy 163
About Call Secure Status Policy 163
Setup Call Secure Status Policy 164
CHAPTER 17
Secure Call Monitoring and Recording Setup 165
About Secure Call Monitoring and Recording Setup 165
Set Up Secure Call Monitoring and Recording 165
Virtual Private Networks for Cisco Unified IP Phones 167
PART III
CHAPTER 18
Virtual Private Network Setup 169
Virtual Private Network 169
Devices Supporting VPN 170
Set Up VPN Feature 170
Complete Cisco IOS Prerequisites 171
Configure Cisco IOS SSL VPN to Support IP Phones 171
Sample IOS Setup 173
Complete ASA Prerequisites for AnyConnect 176
Configure ASA for VPN Client on IP Phone 177
Sample ASA Setup 179
CHAPTER 19
VPN Gateway Setup 185
Upload VPN Concentrator Certificates 185
VPN Gateway Setup 186
Find VPN Gateway 186
Configure VPN Gateway 187
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VPN Gateway Fields for VPN Client 187
CHAPTER 20
VPN Group Setup 189
Find VPN Group 189
Configure VPN Group 190
VPN Group Fields for VPN Client 191
CHAPTER 21
VPN Profile Setup 193
About VPN Profile Setup 193
Find VPN Profile 193
Configure VPN Profile 194
VPN Profile Fields for VPN Client 195
CHAPTER 22
VPN Feature Setup 197
About VPN Feature Setup 197
Configure VPN Feature Parameters 197
VPN Feature Parameters 198
PART IV
CHAPTER 23
Cisco CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Application Security 201
Authentication and Encryption Setup for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI 203
Authentication for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications 204
Encryption for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications 205
CAPF Functions for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications 206
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications 207
Securing CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI 207
Add Application and End Users to Security-Related Users Groups 208
Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service Activation 210
Update CAPF Service Parameters 210
Find Application User or End User CAPF Profile 211
Set Up Application User or End User CAPF Profile 211
CAPF Settings 212
Delete Application User CAPF or End User CAPF Profile 214
Set Up JTAPI/TAPI Security-Related Service Parameters 215
View Certificate Operation Status for Application or End User 215
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Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication 216
CHAPTER 24
Certificate Revocation/Expiry Status Verification 217
Certificate Revocation/Expiry Status Verification 217
Verify Certificate Status 218
Support for Delegated Trust Model in OCSP Response 218
Security for SRST References, Trunks, and Gateways 221
PART V
CHAPTER 25
Secure Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) Reference 223
Securing SRST 223
Securing SRST Tips 224
Set Up Secure SRST 225
Set Up Secure SRST References 225
SRST Reference Security Settings 227
Delete Security From SRST Reference 228
SRST Certificate Deletion From Gateway 228
Where to Find More Information About Securing SRST 228
CHAPTER 26
Encryption Setup for Gateways and Trunks 229
Cisco IOS MGCP Gateway Encryption 229
H.323 Gateway and H.323/H.225/H.245 Trunk Encryption 230
SIP Trunk Encryption 231
Set Up Secure Gateways and Trunks 232
IPSec Setup Within Network Infrastructures 233
IPSec Setup Between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Gateway or Trunks 233
Allow SRTP Using Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration 234
Where to Find More Information About Gateway and Trunk Encryption 234
CHAPTER 27
SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup 235
About SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup 235
SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup Tips 235
Find SIP Trunk Security Profile 236
Set Up SIP Trunk Security Profile 237
SIP Trunk Security Profile Settings 237
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Apply SIP Trunk Security Profile 241
Synchronize SIP Trunk Security Profile with SIP Trunks 242
Delete SIP Trunk Security Profile 243
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles 244
CHAPTER 28
Digest Authentication Setup for SIP Trunks 245
Set Up SIP Trunk Digest Authentication 245
Set Up Digest Authentication Enterprise Parameters 246
Set Up Digest Credentials 246
Application User Digest Credential Settings 247
Find SIP Realm 247
Configure SIP Realm 248
SIP Realm Settings 248
Delete SIP Realm 249
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication 250
CHAPTER 29
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Setup 251
About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Setup 251
Find Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile 252
Set Up Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile 253
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Settings 253
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Client Application 254
Delete Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile 255
Where to Find More Information About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security
Profile 255
CHAPTER 30
FIPS 140-2 Mode Setup 257
FIPS 140-2 Setup 257
Enable FIPS 140-2 Mode 258
Disable FIPS 140-2 Mode 259
Check FIPS 140-2 Mode Status 260
FIPS 140-2 Mode Server Reboot 260
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Preface
• Purpose, page xv
• Audience, page xvi
• Organization, page xvi
• Related Documentation, page xviii
• Conventions, page xix
• Obtain Documentation, Support, and Security Guidelines, page xix
• Cisco Product Security Overview, page xix
Purpose
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Guide helps system and phone administrators perform the
following tasks:
• Configure authentication.
• Configure encryption.
• Configure digest authentication.
• Install server authentication certificate that is associated with HTTPS
• Configure the Cisco CTL Client.
• Configure security profiles.
• Configure Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF) to install, upgrade, or delete locally significant
certificates on supported Cisco Unified IP Phone models.
• Configure phone hardening.
• Configure Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) references for security.
• Configure gateways and trunks for security.
• Configure FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) 140-2 mode.
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Audience
Audience
This guide provides a reference and procedural guide for system and phone administrators who plan to
configure call security features for Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Organization
The following table lists the major sections of this guide:
Table 1: Guide Overview
Chapter
Description
Security Basics
Security Overview, on page 3
Provides an overview of security terminology, system
requirements, interactions and restrictions, installation
requirements, and a configuration checklist; describes
the different types of authentication and encryption.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over Secure Sockets
Layer (HTTPS), on page 35
Provides an overview of HTTPS and describes how
to install the server authentication certificate in the
trusted folder.
Default Security Setup, on page 47
Provides information about the Security by Default
feature, which provides automatic security features
for Cisco Unified IP Phones.
Cisco CTL Client Setup, on page 59
Describes how to configure authentication by
installing and configuring the Cisco CTL Client.
Certificate Setup, on page 81
Describes how to manage certificates in the Certificate
Configuration window.
Security for Phones and Voice Mail Ports
Phone Security, on page 85
Describes how Cisco Unified Communications
Manager and the phone use security; provides a list
of tasks that you perform to configure security for the
phone.
Phone Security Profile Setup, on page 91
Describes how to configure the security profile and
apply it to the phones in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tone Setup, on
page 105
Describes how to configure a phone to play a
secure-indication tone.
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Organization
Chapter
Description
Encryption to Analog Endpoint Setup, on page 109 Describes how to configure a secure SCCP connection
to analog endpoints.
Certificate Authority Proxy Function, on page 111
Provides an overview of Certificate Authority Proxy
Function and describes how to install, upgrade, delete,
or troubleshoot locally significant certificates on
supported phones.
Encrypted Phone Configuration File Setup, on page Describes how to configure encrypted phone
125
configuration files in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration.
Digest Authentication for SIP Phones Setup, on page Describes how to configure digest authentication on
135
the phone that is running SIP in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
Phone Hardening, on page 139
Describes how to tighten the security on the phone
by using Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration.
Secure Conference Resources Setup, on page 143
Describes how to configure media encryption for
secure conferences.
Voice-Messaging Ports Security Setup, on page 157 Describes how to configure security for voice mail
ports in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration.
Secure Call Monitoring and Recording Setup, on
page 165
Describes how to configure secure call monitoring
and recording.
Virtual Private Networks for Cisco IP Phones
Virtual Private Network, on page 169
Describes how to configure a virtual private network
(VPN).
VPN Gateway Setup, on page 185
Describes how to configure a VPN gateway.
VPN Group Setup, on page 189
Describes how to configure a VPN group.
VPN Profile Setup, on page 193
Describes how to configure a VPN profile.
VPN Feature Setup, on page 197
Describes how to configure a VPN feature.
Security for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI
Authentication and Encryption Setup for CTI, JTAPI, Describes how to configure the Application User
and TAPI, on page 203
CAPF Profile and End User CAPF Profiles in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration.
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Related Documentation
Chapter
Description
Security for SRST References, Gateways, Trunks, and Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Servers
Secure Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST)
Reference, on page 223
Describes how to configure the SRST reference for
security in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration.
Encryption Setup for Gateways and Trunks, on page Describes how Cisco Unified Communications
229
Manager communicates with a secure gateway or
trunk; describes IPSec recommendations and
considerations.
SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup, on page 235
Describes how to configure and apply the SIP trunk
security profile in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration.
Digest Authentication Setup for SIP Trunks, on page Describes how to configure digest authentication for
245
the SIP trunk in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration.
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security
Profile Setup, on page 251
Describes how to configure a Cisco Unified Mobility
Advantage server security profile in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
FIPS 140-2 Mode Setup, on page 257
Describes how to configure FIPS (Federal Information
Processing Standard) 140-2 mode in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
Related Documentation
Each chapter contains a list of related documentation for the chapter topic.
Refer to the following documents for further information about related Cisco IP telephony applications and
products:
• Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
• Media and Signaling Authentication and Encryption Feature for Cisco IOS MGCP Gateways
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Integration Guide for Cisco Unity
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Integration Guide for Cisco Unity Connection
• Cisco Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) administration documentation that supports
the SRST-enabled gateway
• The firmware release notes that support your phone model
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Conventions
Conventions
Notes use the following conventions:
Note
Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in the
publication.
Tips use the following conventions:
Tip
Means the following are useful tips.
Cautions use the following conventions:
Caution
Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result in equipment damage
or loss of data.
Obtain Documentation, Support, and Security Guidelines
For information on obtaining documentation, obtaining support, providing documentation feedback, security
guidelines, and also recommended aliases and general Cisco documents, see the monthly What's New in
Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical documentation, at http://
www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html
Cisco Product Security Overview
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United States and local country laws governing
import, export, transfer and use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply third-party authority
to import, export, distribute or use encryption. Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you agree to comply with applicable laws
and regulations. If you are unable to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
Further information regarding U.S. export regulations may be found at http://www.access.gpo.gov/bis/ear/
ear_data.html.
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Cisco Product Security Overview
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I
Security Basics
• Security Overview, page 3
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over Secure Sockets Layer (HTTPS), page 35
• Default Security Setup, page 47
• Cisco CTL Client Setup, page 59
• Certificate Setup, page 81
CHAPTER
1
Security Overview
Implementing security mechanisms in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager system prevents identity
theft of the phones and the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server, data tampering, and
call-signaling/media-stream tampering.
The Cisco IP telephony network establishes and maintains authenticated communication streams, digitally
signs files before transferring the file to the phone, and encrypts media streams and call signaling between
Cisco Unified IP Phones.
• Terms and Acronyms, page 3
• System Requirements, page 7
• Features List, page 8
• Security Icons, page 9
• Interactions and Restrictions, page 10
• Best Practices, page 15
• CTL Client, SSL, CAPF, and Security Token Installation, page 18
• TLS and IPSec, page 18
• Certificates, page 18
• Authentication, Integrity, and Authorization, page 22
• Encryption, page 27
• NMAP Scan Operation, page 29
• Set Up Authentication and Encryption, page 30
• Where to Find More Information, page 32
Terms and Acronyms
The definitions in the following table apply when you configure authentication, encryption, and other security
features for your Cisco IP telephony network:
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Terms and Acronyms
Table 2: Terminology
Term
Definition
Access Control List (ACL)
List that defines rights and permissions to access system functions and
resources. See Method List.
Authentication
Process that verifies the identity of the communicating entity.
Authorization
Process that specifies whether an authenticated user, service, or application
has the necessary permissions to perform a requested action; in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager, the security process that restricts certain trunk-side
SIP requests to authorized users.
Authorization Header
A SIP user agent response to a challenge.
Certificate
A message that contains the certificate holder name, the public key, and the
digital signature of the certificate authority that is issuing the certificate.
Certificate Authority (CA)
Trusted entity that issues certificates: Cisco or a third-party entity.
Certificate Authority Proxy
Function (CAPF)
Process by which supported devices can request locally significant certificates
by using Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Certificate Trust List (CTL)
A file, which is created either with the CLI command set utils cli or with the
CTL Client and signed by the Cisco Site Administrator Security Token
(security token), that contains a list of certificates for servers that the phone
is to trust.
Challenge
In digest authentication, a request to a SIP user agent to authenticate its
identity.
Cisco Site Administrator
Security Token (security
token; etoken)
A portable hardware security module that contains a private key and an
X.509v3 certificate that the Cisco Certificate Authority signs; used for file
authentication, it may be used to sign the CTL file.
Hardware security tokens are required for only the CTL Client. The CLI
command set utils ctl does not require hardware security tokens.
Device Authentication
Process that validates the identity of the device and ensures that the entity is
what it claims to be before a connection is made.
Digest Authentication
A form of device authentication where an MD5 hash of a shared password
(among other things) gets used to establish the identity of a SIP user agent.
Digest User
User name that is included in an authorization request that phones that are
running SIP or SIP trunks send.
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Term
Definition
Digital Signature
Value that is generated by hashing the message and then encrypting the
message with the private key of the signer; the recipient decrypts the message
and the hash with the signer public key, produces another hash with the same
hash function, then compares the two hashes to ensure that the messages
match and the content is intact.
DSP
Digital signaling processor.
DSP Farm
A network resource for IP telephony conferencing that is provided by DSPs
on a H.323 or MGCP gateway.
Encryption
Process of translating data into ciphertext, which ensures the confidentiality
of the information and that only the intended recipient can read the data.
Requires an encryption algorithm and encryption key.
File Authentication
Process that validates digitally signed files that the phone downloads. The
phone validates the signature to make sure that file tampering did not occur
after the file creation.
H.323
An internet standard that defines a common set of codecs, call setup and
negotiating procedures, and basic data transport methods.
hash
A number, usually in hexadecimal, that is generated from a string of text by
using a hash function, which creates a small digital “fingerprint” for the data.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
over Secure Sockets Layer
(HTTPS)
An IETF-defined protocol that ensures (at a minimum) the identity of the
HTTPS server; by using encryption, ensures the confidentiality of the
information that is exchanged between the Tomcat server and the browser
client.
Image Authentication
Process whereby a phone validates the integrity and source of a binary image
prior to loading it on the phone.
Integrity
Process that ensures that data tampering did not occur between entities.
IPSec
Transport that provides secure H.225, H.245, and RAS signaling channels
for end-to-end security.
Locally Significant Certificate A digital X.509v3 certificate that CAPF issues; installed on the phone or
(LSC)
JTAPI/TAPI/CTI application.
Manufacture Installed
Certificate (MIC)
A digital X.509v3 certificate that is signed by the Cisco Certificate Authority
and installed in supported phones by Cisco Manufacturing; used as the
authentication mechanism to CAPF when LSCs are installed in phones.
Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
Process that allows an attacker to observe and modify the information flow
between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and the phone.
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Terms and Acronyms
Term
Definition
Multipoint Control Unit
(MCU)
A flexible system to connect multiple H.323 endpoints and allow multiple
users to participate in IP-based video conferences.
MD5
A hash function that is used with encryption.
Media Encryption
Process whereby the confidentiality of the media is protected with
cryptographic procedures. Media encryption uses Secure Real-Time Protocol
(SRTP) as defined in IETF RFC 3711.
Message/Data Tampering
Event when an attacker attempts to alter messages in transit, including ending
a call prematurely.
Method List
Tool to restrict certain categories of messages that can come in on a SIP trunk
during the authorization process; defines which SIP nonINVITE methods
are allowed for a trunk-side application or device. Also method ACL.
Mixed Mode
Cisco Unified Communications Manager security mode that you configure
to allow devices with secure/nonsecure profiles and RTP/ SRTP media to
connect to Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Nonce
A unique, random number that the server generates for each digest
authentication request; used to generate an MD5 hash.
Nonsecure Mode
Cisco Unified Communications Manager security mode that you configure
to allow devices with nonsecure profiles and RTP media to connect to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager.
Nonsecure Call
Call in which at least one device is not authenticated or encrypted.
Nonsecure Device
Device that uses UDP or TCP signaling and nonsecure media.
PKI
Public key infrastructure, which comprises the set of elements that is needed
for public key encryption, including secure public key distribution, certificates,
and certificate authorities.
Public / Private key
Keys that are used in encryption. Public keys are widely available, but private
keys are held by their respective owners. Asymmetrical encryption combines
both types.
Replay Attack
Event when an attacker captures information that identifies a phone or proxy
server and replays information while pretending to be the actual device; for
example, by impersonating the proxy server private key.
RTP
Real-Time Transport Protocol
Simple Certificate Enrollment A protocol that is used to communicate with a certificate authority that issues
Protocol (SCEP)
X.509 certificates.
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Term
Definition
Secure Call
Call in which all devices are authenticated, signaling is encrypted, and the
media (voice stream) is encrypted.
Signaling Authentication
TLS process that validates that no tampering occurred to signaling packets
during transmission.
Signaling Encryption
Process that uses cryptographic methods to protect the confidentiality of all
signaling messages that are sent between the device and the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager server.
SIP Realm
A string (name) that Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses to respond
to a challenge.
SRTP
Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol that secures voice conversation in the
network and provides protection against replay attacks.
SSL
A cryptographic protocol that secures data communications such as e-mail
on the Internet; equivalent to TLS, its successor.
Transport Layer Security
(TLS)
A cryptographic protocol that secures data communications such as e-mail
on the Internet; functionally equivalent to SSL.
Trust List
Certificate list without digital signatures.
Trust Store
A repository of X.509 certificates that an application, such as Cisco Unified
Communications Manager, explicitly trusts.
X.509
An ITU-T cryptographic standard for importing PKI certificates, which
includes certificate formats.
System Requirements
The following system requirements exist for authentication or encryption:
• The Administrator password can differ on every server in a cluster.
• The username and password that are used at the Cisco CTL client (to log in to the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager server) must match the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
username and password (the username and password that are used to log in to Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration).
• Before you configure voice mail ports for security, verify that you installed a version of Cisco Unity or
Cisco Unity Connection system that supports this Cisco Unified Communications Manager release.
Related Topics
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements, on page 115
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Features List
Features List
Cisco Unified Communications Manager system uses a multilayered approach to call security, from the
transport layer to the application layer.
Transport layer security includes TLS and IPSec for signaling authentication and encryption to control and
prevent access to the voice domain. SRTP adds media authentication and encryption to secure privacy and
confidentiality for voice conversation and other media.
The following table provides a summary of the authentication and encryption features that Cisco Unified
Communications Manager can implement during an SCCP call session, depending on the features that are
supported and configured.
Table 3: SCCP Call Security Features
Security Feature
Line Side
Trunk Side
Transport/Connection/Integrity
Secure TLS port
IPSec associations
Device Authentication
TLS certificate exchange w/Cisco IPSec certificate exchange or
Unified Communications Manager preshared key
and/or CAPF
Signaling
Authentication/Encryption
TLS Mode: authenticated or
encrypted
IPSec [authentication header,
encryption (ESP), or both]
Media Encryption
SRTP
SRTP
Authorization
Presence requests
Presence requests
Note
Supported features on a device vary by device
type.
The following table provides a summary of the authentication and encryption features that Cisco Unified
Communications Manager can implement during a SIP call session, depending on the features that are supported
and configured.
Table 4: SIP Call Security Features
Security Feature
Line Side
Trunk Side
Transport/Connection/Integrity
Secure TLS port
Secure TLS port
Device Authentication
TLS certificate exchange w/Cisco IPSec certificate exchange or
Unified Communications Manager preshared key
and/or CAPF
Digest Authentication
Each SIP device uses unique digest SIP trunk user agents use unique
user credentials.
digest credentials.
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Security Feature
Line Side
Trunk Side
Signaling
Authentication/Encryption
TLS Mode: authenticated or
TLS Mode: authenticated or
encrypted (except Cisco Unified IP encrypted mode
Phones 7940G/7960G).
Media Encryption
SRTP
SRTP
Authorization
Presence requests
Presence requests
Method list
Note
Supported features on a device vary by device
type.
Security Icons
Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides security status for a call, according to security levels that
are configured for the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server(s) and devices that are participating
in the call.
Phones that support security icons display the call security level.
• The phone displays a shield icon for calls with a signaling security level of authenticated. A shield
identifies a secured connection between Cisco IP devices, which means that the devices have authenticated
or encrypted signaling.
• The phone displays a lock icon for calls with encrypted media, which means that the devices are using
encrypted signaling and encrypted media.
Note
Some phone models display only the lock icon.
The security status of a call can change for point-to-point, intracluster, intercluster, and multihop calls. SCCP
line, SIP line, and H.323 signaling support notification of call security status changes to participating endpoints.
Refer to topics related to security icons and encryption for restrictions that are associated with security icons.
The audio and video portions of the call provide basis for the call security status. Consider the call secure
only if both the audio and video portions are secure. The following table describes the rules that determine
whether a security icon displays, and which icon appears.
Table 5: Security Icon Display Rules
Media and Device Types In the Call
Phones That Display
Both Shield and Lock
Icons
Phones That Display Only the
Lock Icon
Secure audio only
Lock
Lock
Secure audio with unsecure video
Shield
None
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Note
Media and Device Types In the Call
Phones That Display
Both Shield and Lock
Icons
Phones That Display Only the
Lock Icon
Secure audio with secure video
Lock
Lock
Authenticated device with nonsecure audio only Shield
None
Authenticated device with nonsecure audio and
video
None
Shield
Unauthenticated device with nonsecure audio only None
None
Unauthenticated device with nonsecure audio and None
video
None
The “Override BFCP Application Encryption Status When Designating Call Security Status” service
parameter displays the lock icon when parameter value is True and audio is secure. This condition ignores
the security statuses of all other media channels. The default parameter value is False.
For conference and barge calls, the security icon displays the security status for the conference.
Related Topics
Secure Conference Icons, on page 145
Interactions and Restrictions
This section contains interaction and restriction information.
See the related topics for information about interactions and restrictions that are associated with the secure
conference feature.
Related Topics
Interactions, on page 10
Restrictions, on page 11
Interactions
This section describes how Cisco security features interact with Cisco Unified Communications Manager
applications.
Presence
To add presence group authorization for phones and trunks that are running SIP, configure presence groups
to restrict presence requests to authorized users.
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Note
Refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Features and Services Guide for more information
about configuring presence groups.
To allow presence requests on SIP trunks, configure Cisco Unified Communications Manager to accept
presence requests on the SIP trunk and, if required, configure Cisco Unified Communications Manager to
accept and authenticate incoming presence requests from the remote device or application.
SIP Trunk
To use SIP-initiated transfer features and other advanced transfer-related features on SIP trunks, such as Web
Transfer and Click to Dial, configure the SIP Trunk Security Profile to accept incoming Out of Dialog REFER
requests.
To provide support for event reporting (such as MWI support) and to reduce per-call MTP allocations (from
a voice-messaging server, for example), configure the SIP Trunk Security Profile to accept Unsolicited
Notification SIP requests.
To allow Cisco Unified Communications Manager to transfer an external call on a SIP trunk to an external
device or party (in attended transfer, for example), configure the SIP Trunk Security Profile to accept SIP
requests with replaces header in REFERS and INVITES.
Extension Mobility
For extension mobility, the SIP digest credentials change when a user logs in and out because different
credentials are configured for different end users.
CTI
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Assistant supports a secure connection to CTI (transport layer
security connection) when you configure a CAPF profile (one for each Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Assistant node).
When multiple instances of a CTI/JTAPI/TAPI application are running, CTI TLS support requires you to
configure a unique instanceID (IID) for every application instance to secure signaling and media communication
streams between CTI Manager and JTAPI/TSP/CTI applications.
When the device security mode equals authenticated or encrypted, the Cisco Unity-CM TSP connects to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager through the Cisco Unified Communications Manager TLS port. When the
security mode equals nonsecure, the Cisco Unity TSP connects to Cisco Unified Communications Manager
through the CTI Manager port.
Restrictions
This section describes restrictions that apply to Cisco security features.
Related Topics
Authentication and Encryption, on page 12
Barge and Encryption, on page 12
Cluster and Device Security Modes, on page 14
Digest Authentication and Encryption, on page 15
Media Resources and Encryption, on page 13
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Packet Capturing and Encryption, on page 15
Phone Support and Encryption, on page 13
Phone Support and Encrypted Setup Files, on page 14
Security Icons, on page 9
Wideband Codecs and Encryption, on page 13
Authentication and Encryption
Consider the following restrictions before you install and configure authentication and encryption features:
• Auto-registration does not work when you configure mixed mode.
• You cannot implement signaling or media encryption without device authentication. To install device
authentication, enable the Cisco CTL Provider service and install and configure the Cisco CTL client.
• Cisco does not support Network Address Translation (NAT) with Cisco Unified Communications
Manager if you configure mixed mode.
You can enable UDP in the firewall to allow media stream firewall traversal. Enabling UDP allows the
media source on the trusted side of the firewall to open a bidirectional media flow through the firewall
by sending the media packet through the firewall.
Tip
Hardware DSP resources cannot initiate this type of connection and, therefore, must exist outside the
firewall.
Signaling encryption does not support NAT traversal. Instead of using NAT, consider using LAN extension
VPNs.
Barge and Encryption
The following restrictions apply to barge and encryption:
• Due to bandwidth requirements, Cisco Unified IP Phones 7940G and 7960G do not support barge from
an encrypted device on an active encrypted call. The barge attempt will fail. A tone plays on the initiator
phone to indicate that the barge failed.
• Encrypted Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running release 8.2 or earlier can only barge an active call
as authenticated or nonsecure participants.
• If a caller barges a secure SCCP call, the system uses an internal tone-playing mechanism at the target
device, and the status remains secure.
• If a caller barges a secure SIP call, the system provides tone-on-hold, and Cisco Unified Communications
Manager classifies the call as nonsecure during the tone.
Note
Nonsecure or authenticated Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running release 8.3 or later can barge encrypted
calls. The security icon indicates the security status for the conference.
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Related Topics
Secure Conference Icons, on page 145
Wideband Codecs and Encryption
The following information applies for Cisco Unified IP Phones 7960G or 7940G that are configured for
encryption and associated with a wideband codec region. This only applies to Cisco Unified IP Phones 7960G
or 7940G that are configured for TLS/SRTP.
To establish an encrypted call, Cisco Unified Communications Manager ignores the wideband codec and
chooses another supported codec from the codec list that the phone presents. If the other devices in the call
are not configured for encryption, Cisco Unified Communications Manager may establish the
authenticated/nonsecure call by using the wideband codec.
Media Resources and Encryption
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports authenticated and encrypted calls between secure Cisco
Unified IP Phones (SCCP or SIP), secure CTI devices/route points, secure Cisco MGCP IOS gateways, secure
SIP trunks, secure H.323 gateways, secure conference bridges, and secure H.323/H.245/H.225 trunks where
no media resources are used. Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not provide media encryption in
the following cases:
• Calls that involve transcoders
• Call that involve media termination points
• Calls that involve music on hold (except for secure conference bridge calls)
Phone Support and Encryption
The following Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running SCCP support encryption: 6901, 6911, 6921, 6941,
6945, 6961, 7906G, 7911G, 7921G, 7925G, 7925G-EX, 7926G, 7931G, 7940G, 7941G, 7941G-GE, 7942G,
7945G, 7960G, 7961G, 7961G-GE, 7962G, 7965G, 7970G, 7971G, 7971G-GE, 7975G, 8941, and 8945. The
following Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running SIP support encryption: 6901, 6911, 6921, 6941, 6945,
6961, 7906G, 7911G, 7941G, 7941G-GE, 7942G, 7961G, 7961G-GE,7962G, 7965G, 7970G, 7971G,
7971G-GE, 7975G, 8941, 8945, 8961, 9971, and 9971.
For more information, see the Cisco Unified IP Phone administration guides for Cisco Unified IP Phones that
support encryption and this version of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Warning
To obtain the full benefit of security features, Cisco recommends that you upgrade Cisco Unified IP Phones
to release 8.3, which supports the encryption features in this Cisco Unified Communications Manager
release. Encrypted phones that run earlier releases do not fully support these new features. These phones
can participate in secure conference and barge calls only as authenticated or nonsecure participants.
Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running release 8.3 with an earlier release of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager will display their connection security status, not the conference security status,
during a conference or barge call, and do not support secure conference features like conference list.
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Phone Support and Encrypted Setup Files
Not all phones support encrypted configuration files. Some phones support encrypted configuration files but
do not validate file signatures. Except for Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G and 7912G, all phones that support
encrypted configuration files require firmware that is compatible with Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Release 5.0 or later to receive full encrypted configuration files. Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G and 7912G
use existing security mechanisms and do not require new firmware for this feature.
Related Topics
Phone Model Support, on page 87
Security Icons and Encryption
The following restrictions apply to security icons and encryption:
• The encryption lock icon may not display on the phone when you perform tasks such as transferring or
putting a call on hold; the status changes from encrypted to nonsecure if the media streams that are
associated with these tasks, such as MOH, are not encrypted.
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not display the shield icon for calls that are transiting
H.323 trunks.
• For calls that involve the PSTN, the security icon shows the security status for only the IP domain portion
of the call.
• A SIP trunk will report encrypted or not-authenticated security status when using the TLS transport type.
When SRTP is negotiated, the security status will get encrypted; otherwise it will remain not-authenticated.
This will allow Cisco Unified Communications Manager call control to determine the overall security
level of a call that involves a SIP trunk.
A SIP trunk will report authenticated status over the trunk if a party is authenticated during events such
as a meet-me conference or a cbarge. (The SIP trunk will still be using TLS/SRTP.)
• For Secure Monitoring and Recording, a SIP trunk will utilize the existing Call Info header mechanism
for transmitting the security icon status over the SIP trunk, as currently used by the SIP line. This enables
the SIP trunk peer to monitor the overall security status of a call.
• Some phone models display only the lock icon, not the shield icon.
Related Topics
Secure Conference Icons, on page 145
Cluster and Device Security Modes
Note
Device security mode configures the security capability for a Cisco Unified IP Phone or SIP trunk. Cluster
security mode configures the security capability for your standalone server or a cluster.
When the cluster security mode equals nonsecure, the device security mode equals nonsecure in the phone
configuration file. In these circumstances, the phone makes nonsecure connections with the SRST-enabled
gateway and Cisco Unified Communications Manager, even if the device security mode specifies authenticated
or encrypted. Security-related settings other than device security mode, such as the SRST Allowed check box,
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also get ignored. The security configuration does not get deleted in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration, but security does not get provided.
The phone attempts a secure connection to the SRST-enabled gateway only when the cluster security mode
equals mixed, the device security mode in the phone configuration file is set to authenticated or encrypted,
the SRST Allowed? check box is checked in the Trunk Configuration window, and a valid SRST certificate
exists in the phone configuration file.
Digest Authentication and Encryption
Cisco Unified Communications Manager defines a SIP call as having two or more separate call legs. For a
standard, two-party call between two SIP devices, two separate call legs exist: one leg between the originating
SIP user agent and Cisco Unified Communications Manager (the originating call leg) and the other leg between
Cisco Unified Communications Manager and destination SIP user agent (the terminating call leg). Each call
leg represents a separate dialog. Because digest authentication is a point-to-point process, digest authentication
on each call leg stays independent of the other call legs. SRTP capabilities can change for each call leg,
depending on the capabilities that are negotiated between the user agents.
Packet Capturing and Encryption
When SRTP encryption is implemented, third-party sniffing tools do not work. Authorized administrators
with appropriate authentication can initiate packet capturing with a configuration change in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration (for devices that support packet capturing). See the Troubleshooting
Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager that supports this release for information about configuring
packet capturing in Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Best Practices
Cisco strongly recommends the following best practices:
• Always perform installation and configuration tasks in a secure lab environment before you deploy to
a wide-scale network.
• Use IPSec for gateways and other application servers at remote locations.
Warning
Failure to use IPSec in these instances results in session encryption keys getting transmitted in the clear.
• To prevent toll fraud, configure conference enhancements that are described in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager System Guide. Likewise, you can perform configuration tasks to restrict
external transferring of calls. For information on how to perform this task, refer to the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Features and Services Guide.
Related Topics
Media Encryption with Barge Setup, on page 17
Reset Devices, Reboot Servers and Clusters, and Restart Services, on page 16
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Device Resets, Server and Cluster Reboots, and Service Restarts
This section describes when you need to reset the devices, to reboot the server/cluster, or to restart services
in Cisco Unified Serviceability.
Consider the following guidelines:
• Reset a single device after you apply a different security profile in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration.
• Reset the devices if you perform phone-hardening tasks.
• Reset the devices after you change the cluster security mode from mixed to nonsecure mode (or vice
versa).
• Restart all devices after you configure the Cisco CTL client or update the CTL file.
• Reset the devices after you update CAPF enterprise parameters.
• Restart the Cisco CTL Provider service after you update ports for the TLS connection.
• Restart the Cisco CallManager service after you change the cluster security mode from mixed to nonsecure
mode (or vice versa).
• Restart the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service after you update associated CAPF service
parameters.
• Restart all Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services in Cisco Unified Serviceability after you configure
the Cisco CTL Client or update the CTL file. Perform this task on all servers that run these services in
the cluster.
• Restart all Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services after you start or stop the CTL Provider service.
• Reset dependent devices after you configure secure SRST references.
• If you set the Smart Card service to Started and Automatic, reboot the PC where you installed the
Cisco CTL client.
• Restart the Cisco IP Manager Assistant service, Cisco Web Dialer Web Service, and the Cisco Extended
Functions service after you configure the security-related service parameters that are associated with
the Application User CAPF Profile.
To restart the Cisco CallManager service, refer to the Cisco Unified Serviceability Administration Guide.
To reset a single device after you update the phone configuration, see topics related to applying the phone
security profile.
Related Topics
Apply Phone Security Profile, on page 100
Reset Devices, Reboot Servers and Clusters, and Restart Services
This section describes when you need to reset the devices, to restart services in Cisco Unified Serviceability,
or to reboot the server/cluster.
To reset all devices in a cluster, perform the following procedure:
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Before You Begin
Refer to the guidelines for device resets, server and cluster reboots, and service restarts before proceeding.
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Cisco Unified CM.
The Find/List window displays.
Step 2
Click Find.
A list of configured Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers displays.
Step 3
Step 4
Choose the Cisco Unified Communications Manager on which you want to reset devices.
Click Reset.
Step 5
Perform Step 2, on page 17 and Step 4, on page 17 for each server in the cluster.
Related Topics
Device Resets, Server and Cluster Reboots, and Service Restarts, on page 16
Media Encryption with Barge Setup
When you attempt to configure barge for Cisco Unified IP Phones 7960G and 7940G that are configured for
encryption, the following message displays:
Attention
If you configure encryption for Cisco Unified IP Phone models 7960 and 7940, those encrypted devices
cannot accept a barge request when they are participating in an encrypted call. When the call is encrypted,
the barge attempt fails.
The message displays when you perform the following tasks in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration:
• You update the Cluster Security Mode parameter in the CTL client.
• You update the Builtin Bridge Enable parameter in the Service Parameter window.
This message does not display in the Phone Configuration window when an encrypted security profile is
configured for Cisco Unified IP Phones 7960G and 7940G and you choose Defaultfor the Built In Bridge
setting (or the default setting equals Default); however, the same restriction applies.
Tip
For changes to take effect, you must reset the dependent Cisco IP devices.
For more information, see topics related to Barge and encryption.
Related Topics
Barge and Encryption, on page 12
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CTL Client, SSL, CAPF, and Security Token Installation
CTL Client, SSL, CAPF, and Security Token Installation
To obtain authentication support, you can use one of the following options:
1 Install the Cisco CTL client, from Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. For the Cisco
CTL client option, you must obtain at least two security tokens.
2 Use the CLI command set utils ctl, which does not require security tokens. For more information about
this option, see the Command Line Interface Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Solutions.
Media and signaling encryption capabilities automatically install when you install Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager automatically installs Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) for Cisco Unified
Communications Manager virtual directories.
Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF) installs automatically as a part of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
TLS and IPSec
Transport security handles the coding, packing, and sending of data. Cisco Unified Communications Manager
provides the following secure transport protocols:
• Transport Layer Security (TLS) provides secure and reliable data transfer between two systems or
devices, by using secure ports and certificate exchange. TLS secures and controls connections among
Cisco Unified Communications Manager-controlled systems, devices, and processes to prevent access
to the voice domain. Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses TLS to secure SCCP calls to phones
that are running SCCP and SIP calls to phones or trunks that are running SIP.
• IP Security (IPSec) provides secure and reliable data transfer between Cisco Unified Communications
Manager and gateways. IPSec implements signaling authentication and encryption to Cisco IOS MGCP
and H.323 gateways.
You can add secure RTP (SRTP) to TLS and IPSec transport services for the next level of security on devices
that support SRTP. SRTP authenticates and encrypts the media stream (voice packets) to ensure that voice
conversations that originate at or terminate to Cisco Unified IP Phones and either TDM or analog voice
gateway ports are protected from eavesdroppers who may have gained access to the voice domain. SRTP adds
protection against replay attacks.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager 9.0 provides TLS/SRTP support for dual-mode smart phones. TLS
establishes the same secure and reliable data transfer mode for mobile phones as for IP phones, and SRTP
encrypts voice conversations.
Certificates
Certificates secure client and server identities. After root certificates are installed, certificates get added to
the root trust stores to secure connections between users and hosts, including devices and application users.
Administrators can view the fingerprint of server certificates, regenerate self-signed certificates, and delete
trust certificates at the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System GUI.
Administrators can also regenerate and view self-signed certificates at the command line interface (CLI).
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For information on updating the CallManager trust store and managing certificates, refer to the Cisco Unified
Communications Operating System Administration Guide that supports this Cisco Unified Communications
Manager release.
Note
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports only PEM (.pem) and DER (.der) formatted certificates.
Related Topics
Phone Certificate Types, on page 19
Server Certificate Types, on page 20
Support for Certificates from External CAs, on page 21
Phone Certificate Types
Cisco uses the following certificate types in phones:
• Manufacture-installed certificate (MIC)—Cisco Manufacturing automatically installs this certificate in
supported phone models. Manufacturer-installed certificates authenticate to Cisco Certificate Authority
Proxy Function (CAPF) for LSC installation. You cannot overwrite or delete the manufacture-installed
certificate.
• Locally significant certificate (LSC)—This certificate type installs on supported phones after you perform
the necessary tasks that are associated with the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF). The
LSC secures the connection between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and the phone after you
configure the device security mode for authentication or encryption.
Tip
Cisco recommends that you use manufacturer-installed certificates (MICs) for LSC installation only. Cisco
supports LSCs to authenticate the TLS connection with Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Because
MIC root certificates can be compromised, customers who configure phones to use MICs for TLS
authentication or for any other purpose do so at their own risk. Cisco assumes no liability if MICs are
compromised.
Cisco recommends upgrading Cisco Unified IP Phones 6900 series, 7900 series, 8900 series, and 9900
series to use LSCs for TLS connection to Cisco Unified Communications Manager and removing MIC
root certificates from the CallManager trust store to avoid possible future compatibility issues. Be aware
that some phone models that use MICs for TLS connection to Cisco Unified Communications Manager
may not be able to register.
Administrators should remove the following MIC root certificates from the CallManager trust store:
CAP-RTP-001
CAP-RTP-002
Cisco_Manufacturing_CA
Cisco_Root_CA_2048
MIC root certificates that stay in the CAPF trust store get used for certificate upgrades. For information
on updating the CallManager trust store and managing certificates, refer to the Cisco Unified
Communications Operating System Administration Guide that supports this release.
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Certificates
Related Topics
Set Up Authentication and Encryption, on page 30
Server Certificate Types
Cisco uses the following self-signed (own) certificate types in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
servers:
• HTTPS certificate (Tomcat)—A self-signed root certificate gets generated during the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager installation for the HTTPS server. Cisco Unity Connection uses this certificate
for SMTP and IMAP services.
• CallManager certificate—A self-signed root certificate automatically installs when you install Cisco
Unified Communications Manager on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server.
• CAPF certificate—The system copies this root certificate, which gets generated during Cisco Unified
Communications Manager installation, to your server or to all servers in the cluster after you complete
the Cisco CTL client configuration.
• IPSec certificate (ipsec_cert)—A self-signed root certificate gets generated during Cisco Unified
Communications Manager installation for IPSec connections with MGCP and H.323 gateways.
• SRST-enabled gateway certificate—When you configure a secure SRST reference in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration, Cisco Unified Communications Manager retrieves the
SRST-enabled gateway certificate from the gateway and stores it in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database. After you reset the devices, the certificate gets added to the phone configuration file.
Because the certificate is stored in the database, you cannot manage this certificate with the certificate
management tool.
• TVS certificate—These are self-signed certificates that support the Trust Verification Service (TVS).
• Phone-VPN-trust certificate—This category allows the system to import Cisco Unified IP Phone VPN
certificates. These certificates get stored in the Midlet trust store.
• Phone Certificates trust store (Phone-trust)—Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses this certificate
type to support HTTPs access on phones. You can upload certificates to the Phone-trust store by using
the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System GUI. Certificates in the Phone-CTL-trust are
downloaded to the phone though the CTL file mechanism to support secure web access (HTTPS) from
Cisco Unified IP Phones. Phone-trust certificates stay on the server and phones can request them through
TVS.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager imports the following certificate types to the CallManager trust
store:
• Cisco Unity server or Cisco Unity Connection certificate—Cisco Unity and Cisco Unity Connection
use this self-signed root certificate to sign the Cisco Unity SCCP and Cisco Unity Connection SCCP
device certificates. For Cisco Unity, the Cisco Unity Telephony Integration Manager (UTIM) manages
this certificate. For Cisco Unity Connection, Cisco Unity Connection Administration manages this
certificate.
• Cisco Unity and Cisco Unity Connection SCCP device certificates—Cisco Unity and Cisco Unity
Connection SCCP devices use this signed certificate to establish a TLS connection with Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
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• The certificate name represents a hash of the certificate subject name, which is based on the voice-mail
server name. Every device (or port) gets issued a certificate that is rooted at the root certificate.
• SIP Proxy server certificate—A SIP user agent that connects via a SIP trunk authenticates to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager if the CallManager trust store contains the SIP user agent certificate
and if the SIP user agent contains the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificate in its trust
store.
The following additional trust store exists:
• Common trust store for Tomcat and web applications
• IPSec-trust
• CAPF-trust
• Userlicensing-trust
• TVS-trust
• Phone-SAST-trust
• Phone-CTL-trust
Support for Certificates from External CAs
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports integration with third-party certificate authorities (CAs)
by using a PKCS#10 certificate signing request (CSR) mechanism, which is accessible at the Cisco Unified
Communications Operating System Certificate Manager GUI. Customers who currently use third-party CAs
should use the CSR mechanism to issue certificates for Cisco CallManager, CAPF, IPSec, and Tomcat.
Note
When using Multi-server (SAN) CA-signed certificates, the Multi-server certificate is only applied to
nodes in the cluster at the time the certificate is uploaded to the Publisher. Therefore, anytime a node is
rebuilt or a new node is added to the cluster, it is necessary to generate a new Multi-server certificate and
upload it to the cluster.
If you run your system in mixed mode, some endpoints may not accept CA certificates with a key size of
4096 or longer. To use CA certificates in mixed mode, choose one of the following options:
• Use certificates with a certificate key size less than 4096
• Use self-signed certificates
Note
This release of Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not provide SCEP interface support.
Be sure to run the CTL client after you upload a third-party, CA-signed certificate to the platform to update
the CTL file. After running the CTL client, restart the appropriate service(s) for the update; for example,
restart Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services when you update the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager certificate, restart CAPF when you update the CAPF certificate, and so on.
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Note
After uploading the Cisco CallManager or CAPF certificates, you might observe the phones reset
automatically to update their ITL File.
For information on generating Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs) at the platform, refer to the Cisco Unified
Communications Operating System Administration Guide that supports this Cisco Unified Communications
Manager release.
Related Topics
Authentication, Integrity, and Authorization
Integrity and authentication protect against the following threats:
• TFTP file manipulation (integrity)
• Modification of call-processing signaling between the phone and Cisco Unified Communications Manager
(authentication)
• Man-in-the-middle attacks (authentication), as defined in Table 2: Terminology, on page 4
• Phone and server identity theft (authentication)
• Replay attack (digest authentication)
Authorization specifies what an authenticated user, service, or application can do. You can implement multiple
authentication and authorization methods in a single session.
Related Topics
Authorization, on page 26
Device Authentication, on page 22
Digest Authentication, on page 24
File Authentication, on page 23
Image Authentication, on page 22
Signaling Authentication, on page 23
Image Authentication
This process prevents tampering with the binary image, the firmware load, prior to loading it on the phone.
Tampering with the image causes the phone to fail the authentication process and reject the image. Image
authentication occurs through signed binary files that automatically install when you install Cisco Unified
Communications Manager. Likewise, firmware updates that you download from the web also provide signed
binary images.
Device Authentication
This process validates the identity of the communicating device and ensures that the entity is who it claims
to be.
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Device authentication occurs between the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server and supported
Cisco Unified IP Phones, SIP trunks, or JTAPI/TAPI/CTI applications (when supported). An authenticated
connection occurs between these entities only when each entity accepts the certificate of the other entity.
Mutual authentication describes this process of mutual certificate exchange.
Device authentication relies on the creation of the Cisco CTL file (for authenticating Cisco Unified
Communications Manager server node and applications), and the Certificate Authority Proxy Function (for
authenticating phones and JTAPI/TAPI/CTI applications).
Tip
A SIP user agent that connects via a SIP trunk authenticates to Cisco Unified Communications Manager
if the CallManager trust store contains the SIP user agent certificate and if the SIP user agent contains the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificate in its trust store. For information on updating the
CallManager trust store, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration
Guide that supports this Cisco Unified Communications Manager release.
Related Topics
Phone Model Support, on page 87
File Authentication
This process validates digitally signed files that the phone downloads; for example, the configuration, ring
list, locale, and CTL files. The phone validates the signature to verify that file tampering did not occur after
the file creation. For a list of devices that are supported, see “Phone Model Support”.
If you configure the cluster for mixed mode, the TFTP server signs static files, such as ring list, localized,
default.cnf.xml, and ring list wav files, in .sgn format. The TFTP server signs files in <device name>.cnf.xml
format every time that the TFTP server verifies that a data change occurred for the file.
The TFTP server writes the signed files to disk if caching is disabled. If the TFTP server verifies that a saved
file has changed, the TFTP server re-signs the file. The new file on the disk overwrites the saved file that gets
deleted. Before the phone can download the new file, the administrator must restart affected devices in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration.
After the phone receives the files from the TFTP server, the phone verifies the integrity of the files by validating
the signature on the file. For the phone to establish an authenticated connection, ensure that the following
criteria are met:
• A certificate must exist in the phone.
• The CTL file must exist on the phone, and the Cisco Unified Communications Manager entry and
certificate must exist in the file.
• You configured the device for authentication or encryption.
Related Topics
Phone Model Support, on page 87
Signaling Authentication
This process, also known as signaling integrity, uses the TLS protocol to validate that no tampering occurred
to signaling packets during transmission.
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Signaling authentication relies on the creation of the Certificate Trust List (CTL) file.
Related Topics
Digest Authentication
This process for SIP trunks and phones allows Cisco Unified Communications Manager to challenge the
identity of a device that is connecting to Cisco Unified Communications Manager. When challenged, the
device presents its digest credentials, similar to a username and password, to Cisco Unified Communications
Manager for verification. If the credentials that are presented match those that are configured in the database
for that device, digest authentication succeeds, and Cisco Unified Communications Manager processes the
SIP request.
Note
Be aware that the cluster security mode has no effect on digest authentication.
Note
If you enable digest authentication for a device, the device requires a unique digest user ID and password
to register.
You configure SIP digest credentials in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database for a phone
user or application user.
• For applications, you specify digest credentials in the Application User Configuration window.
• For phones that are running SIP, you specify the digest authentication credentials in the End User window.
To associate the credentials with the phone after you configure the user, you choose a Digest User, the
end user, in the Phone Configuration window. After you reset the phone, the credentials exist in the
phone configuration file that the TFTP server offers to the phone. See topics related to encrypted phone
configuration file setup to ensure digest credentials do not get sent in the clear in TFTP downloads.
• For challenges received on SIP trunks, you configure a SIP realm, which specifies the realm username
(device or application user) and digest credentials.
When you enable digest authentication for an external phone or trunk that is running SIP and configure digest
credentials, Cisco Unified Communications Manager calculates a credentials checksum that includes a hash
of the username, password, and the realm. The system uses a nonce value, which is a random number, to
calculate the MD5 hash. Cisco Unified Communications Manager encrypts the values and stores the username
and the checksum in the database.
To initiate a challenge, Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses a SIP 401 (Unauthorized) message,
which includes the nonce and the realm in the header. You configure the nonce validity time in the SIP device
security profile for the phone or trunk. The nonce validity time specifies the number of minutes that a nonce
value stays valid. When the time interval expires, Cisco Unified Communications Manager rejects the external
device and generates a new number.
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Note
Cisco Unified Communications Manager acts as a user agent server (UAS) for SIP calls that are originated
by line-side phones or devices that are reached through the SIP trunk, as a user agent client (UAC) for
SIP calls that it originates to the SIP trunk, or a back-to-back user agent (B2BUA) for line-to-line or
trunk-to-trunk connections. In most environments, Cisco Unified Communications Manager acts primarily
as B2BUA connecting SCCP and SIP endpoints. (A SIP user agent represents a device or application that
originates a SIP message.)
Tip
Digest authentication does not provide integrity or confidentiality. To ensure integrity and confidentiality
for the device, configure the TLS protocol for the device, if the device supports TLS. If the device supports
encryption, configure the device security mode as encrypted. If the device supports encrypted phone
configuration files, configure encryption for the files.
Digest Authentication for Phones
When you enable digest authentication for a phone, Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges all
requests for phones that are running SIP except keepalive messages. Cisco Unified Communications Manager
does not respond to challenges from line-side phones.
After receiving a response, Cisco Unified Communications Manager validates the checksum for the username
that is stored in the database against the credentials in the response header.
Phones that are running SIP exist in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager realm, which is defined in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration at installation. You configure the SIP Realm for
challenges to phones with the service parameter SIP Station Realm. Each digest user can have one set of digest
credentials per realm.
Tip
If you enable digest authentication for an end user but do not configure the digest credentials, the phone
will fail registration. If the cluster mode is nonsecure and you enable digest authentication and configure
digest credentials, the digest credentials get sent to the phone, and Cisco Unified Communications Manager
still initiates challenges.
Digest Authentication for Trunks
When you enable digest authentication for a trunk, Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges SIP
trunk requests from SIP devices and applications that connect through a SIP trunk. The system uses the Cluster
ID enterprise parameter in the challenge message. SIP user agents that connect through the SIP trunk respond
with the unique digest credentials that you configured for the device or application in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
When Cisco Unified Communications Manager initiates a SIP trunk request, a SIP user agent that connects
through the SIP trunk can challenge the identity of Cisco Unified Communications Manager. For these
incoming challenges, you configure a SIP Realm to provide the requested credentials for the user. When Cisco
Unified Communications Manager receives a SIP 401(Unauthorized) or SIP 407 (Proxy Authentication
Required) message, Cisco Unified Communications Manager looks up the encrypted password for the realm
that connects though the trunk and for the username that the challenge message specifies. Cisco Unified
Communications Manager decrypts the password, calculates the digest, and presents it in the response message.
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Tip
The realm represents the domain that connects through the SIP trunk, such as xyz.com, which helps to
identify the source of the request.
To configure the SIP Realm, see topics related to digest authentication for SIP trunks. You must configure a
SIP Realm and username and password in Cisco Unified Communications Manager for each SIP trunk user
agent that can challenge Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Each user agent can have one set of digest
credentials per realm.
Related Topics
Authorization
Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses the authorization process to restrict certain categories of messages
from phones that are running SIP, from SIP trunks, and from SIP application requests on SIP trunks.
• For SIP INVITE messages and in-dialog messages, and for phones that are running SIP, Cisco Unified
Communications Manager provides authorization through calling search spaces and partitions.
• For SIP SUBSCRIBE requests from phones, Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides
authorization for user access to presence groups.
• For SIP trunks, Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides authorization of presence subscriptions
and certain non-INVITE SIP messages; for example, out-of-dial REFER, unsolicited notification, and
any SIP request with the replaces header. You specify authorization in the SIP Trunk Security Profile
Configuration window when you check the allowed SIP requests in the window.
To enable authorization for SIP trunk applications, check the Enable Application Level Authorization and the
Digest Authentication check box in the SIP Trunk Security Profile window; then, check the allowed SIP
request check boxes in the Application User Configuration window.
If you enable both SIP trunk authorization and application level authorization, authorization occurs for the
SIP trunk first and then for the SIP application user. For the trunk, Cisco Unified Communications Manager
downloads the trunk Access Control List (ACL) information and caches it. The ACL information gets applied
to the incoming SIP request. If the ACL does not allow the SIP request, the call fails with a 403 Forbidden
message.
If the ACL allows the SIP request, Cisco Unified Communications Manager checks whether digest
authentication is enabled in the SIP Trunk Security Profile. If digest authentication is not enabled and
application-level authorization is not enabled, Cisco Unified Communications Manager processes the request.
If digest authentication is enabled, Cisco Unified Communications Manager verifies that the authentication
header exists in the incoming request and then uses digest authentication to identify the source application.
If the header does not exist, Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges the device with a 401 message.
Before an application-level ACL gets applied, Cisco Unified Communications Manager authenticates the SIP
trunk user agent through digest authentication. Therefore, you must enable digest authentication in the SIP
Trunk Security Profile before application-level authorization can occur.
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Encryption
Tip
Encryption capability installs automatically when you install Cisco Unified Communications Manager on
a server.
This section describes the types of encryption that Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports:
Related Topics
Configuration File Encryption, on page 29
Media Encryption, on page 27
Signaling Encryption, on page 27
Signaling Encryption
Signaling encryption ensures that all SIP and SCCP signaling messages that are sent between the device and
the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server are encrypted.
Signaling encryption ensures that the information that pertains to the parties, DTMF digits that are entered
by the parties, call status, media encryption keys, and so on, are protected against unintended or unauthorized
access.
Cisco does not support Network Address Translation (NAT) with Cisco Unified Communications Manager
if you configure the cluster for mixed mode; NAT does not work with signaling encryption.
You can enable UDP ALG in the firewall to allow media stream firewall traversal. Enabling the UDP ALG
allows the media source on the trusted side of the firewall to open a bidirectional media flow through the
firewall by sending the media packet through the firewall.
Tip
Hardware DSP resources cannot initiate this type of connection and, therefore, must exist outside the
firewall.
Signaling encryption does not support NAT traversal. Instead of using NAT, consider using LAN extension
VPNs.
Media Encryption
Media encryption, which uses Secure Real-Time Protocol (SRTP), ensures that only the intended recipient
can interpret the media streams between supported devices. Media encryption includes creating a media master
key pair for the devices, delivering the keys to the devices, and securing the delivery of the keys while the
keys are in transport. Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports SRTP primarily for IOS gateways
and Cisco Unified Communications Manager H.323 trunks on gatekeeper-controlled and
non-gatekeeper-controlled trunks as well as on SIP trunks.
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Note
Cisco Unified Communications Manager handles media encryption keys differently for different devices
and protocols. All phones that are running SCCP get their media encryption keys from Cisco Unified
Communications Manager, which secures the media encryption key downloads to phones with TLS
encrypted signaling channels. Phones that are running SIP generate and store their own media encryption
keys. Media encryption keys that are derived by Cisco Unified Communications Manager system securely
get sent via encrypted signaling paths to gateways over IPSec-protected links for H.323 and MGCP or
encrypted TLS links for SCCP and SIP.
If the devices support SRTP, the system uses a SRTP connection. If at least one device does not support SRTP,
the system uses an RTP connection. SRTP-to-RTP fallback may occur for transfers from a secure device to
a non-secure device, transcoding, music on hold, and so on.
For most security-supported devices, authentication and signaling encryption serve as the minimum requirements
for media encryption; that is, if the devices do not support signaling encryption and authentication, media
encryption cannot occur. Cisco IOS gateways and trunks support media encryption without authentication.
For Cisco IOS gateways and trunks, you must configure IPSec when you enable the SRTP capability (media
encryption).
Warning
Before you configure SRTP or signaling encryption for gateways and trunks, Cisco strongly recommends
that you configure IPSec because Cisco IOS MGCP gateways, H.323 gateways, and H.323/H.245/H.225
trunks rely on IPSec configuration to ensure that security-related information does not get sent in the clear.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not verify that you configured IPSec correctly. If you do
not configure IPSec correctly, security-related information may get exposed.
SIP trunks rely on TLS to ensure that security-related information does not get sent in the clear.
The following example demonstrates media encryption for SCCP and MGCP calls.
1 Device A and Device B, which support media encryption and authentication, register with Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
2 When Device A places a call to Device B, Cisco Unified Communications Manager requests two sets of
media session master values from the key manager function.
3 Both devices receive the two sets: one set for the media stream, Device A—Device B, and the other set
for the media stream, Device B—Device A.
4 Using the first set of master values, Device A derives the keys that encrypt and authenticate the media
stream, Device A—Device B.
5 Using the second set of master values, Device A derives the keys that authenticate and decrypt the media
stream, Device B—Device A.
6 Device B uses these sets in the inverse operational sequence.
7 After the devices receive the keys, the devices perform the required key derivation, and SRTP packet
processing occurs.
Note
Phones that are running SIP and H.323 trunks/gateways generate their own cryptographic parameters and
send them to Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
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For media encryption with conference calls, refer to topics related to secure conference resources.
Related Topics
Configuration File Encryption
Cisco Unified Communications Manager pushes confidential data such as digest credentials and administrator
passwords to phones in configuration file downloads from the TFTP server.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses reversible encryption to secure these credentials in the database.
To secure this data during the download process, Cisco recommends that you configure encrypted configuration
files for all Cisco Unified IP Phones that support this option. When this option is enabled, only the device
configuration file gets encrypted for download.
Note
In some circumstances, you may choose to download confidential data to phones in the clear; for example,
to troubleshoot the phone or during auto-registration.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager encodes and stores encryption keys in the database. The TFTP server
encrypts and decrypts configuration files by using symmetric encryption keys:
• If the phone has PKI capabilities, Cisco Unified Communications Manager can use the phone public
key to encrypt the phone configuration file.
• If the phone does not have PKI capabilities, you must configure a unique symmetric key in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager and in the phone.
You enable encrypted configuration file settings in the Phone Security Profile window in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration, which you then apply to a phone in the Phone Configuration
window.
Related Topics
About Phone Configuration File Encryption, on page 125
Phone Model Support, on page 87
NMAP Scan Operation
You can run a Network Mapper (NMAP) scan program on any Windows or Linux platform to perform
vulnerability scans. NMAP represents a free and open source utility for network exploration or security
auditing.
Note
NMAP DP scan can take up to 18 hours to complete.
Syntax
nmap -n -vv -sU -p <port_range> <ccm_ip_address>
where:
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-n: No DNS resolution. Tells NMAP to never do reverse DNS resolution on the active IP addresses that it
finds. Because DNS can be slow even with the NMAP built-in parallel stub resolver, this option can slash
scanning times.
-v: Increases the verbosity level, which causes NMAP to print more information about the scan in progress.
The system shows open ports as they are found and provides completion time estimates when NMAP estimates
that a scan will take more than a few minutes. Use this option twice or more for even greater verbosity.
-sU: Specifies a UDP port scan.
-p: Specifies which ports to scan and overrides the default. Be aware that individual port numbers are acceptable,
as are ranges that are separated by a hyphen (for example 1-1023).
ccm_ip_address: IP address of Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Set Up Authentication and Encryption
Important
This procedure applies to the CTL Client encryption option. You may also set up encryption by using the
utils ctl CLI command set. For more information about this option, see the Command Line Interface Guide
for Cisco Unified Communications Solutions.
The following procedure provides all the tasks that you must perform to implement authentication and
encryption. See the related topics for chapter references which contain tasks that you must perform for the
specified security feature.
• To implement authentication and encryption for a new install, refer to the following table.
• To add a node to a secure cluster, see Installing Cisco Unified Communications Manager, which describes
how to add a node and how to configure security for the new node.
Procedure
Step 1
Activate the Cisco CTL Provider service in Cisco Unified Serviceability
Be sure to activate the Cisco CTL Provider service on each Cisco Unified Communications Manager server
in the cluster.
If you activated this service prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager upgrade, you do not
need to activate the service again. The service automatically activates after the upgrade.
Activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy service in Cisco Unified Serviceability to install, upgrade,
troubleshoot, or delete locally significant certificates.
Activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy service on the first node only.
Tip
Step 2
Performing this task before you install and configure the Cisco CTL client ensures that you do
not have to update the CTL file to use CAPF.
If you do not want to use the default port settings, configure ports for the TLS connection.
Tip
If you configured these settings prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager upgrade, the settings
migrate automatically during the upgrade.
If using the Cisco CTL client for encryption, obtain at least two security tokens and the passwords, hostnames/IP
addresses, and port numbers for the servers that you will configure for the Cisco CTL client.
Note
You do not need hardware security tokens for the utils ctl CLI option.
Timesaver
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Install the Cisco CTL client.
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To update the Cisco CTL file after an upgrade to this Cisco Unified Communications Manager release,
you must install the plug-in that is available in this Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration release.
Configure the Cisco CTL client.
Tip
If you created the Cisco CTL file prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager upgrade, the
Cisco CTL file migrates automatically during the upgrade. To update the Cisco CTL file after an
upgrade to this Cisco Unified Communications Manager release, you must install and configure the
latest version of the Cisco CTL client.
Configure the phone security profiles.
Perform the following tasks when you configure the profiles:
Tip
Step 6
Step 7
a) Configure the device security mode.
Tip
The device security mode migrates automatically during the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager upgrade. If you want to configure encryption for devices that only supported authentication
in a prior release, you must choose a security profile for encryption in the Phone Configuration
window.
b) Configure CAPF settings (for some phones that are running SCCP and SIP).
Additional CAPF settings display in the Phone Configuration window.
c) If you plan to use digest authentication for phones that are running SIP, check the Enable Digest
Authentication check box.
d) To enable encrypted configuration files (for some phones that are running SCCP and SIP), check the
Encrypted Confide check box.
e) To exclude digest credentials in configuration file downloads, check the Exclude Digest Credential in
Configuration File check box.
Step 8
Step 9
Apply the phone security profiles to the phones.
Configure CAPF to issue certificates to the phones.
Tip
If you performed certificate operations before the upgrade to this Cisco Unified Communications
Manager release and CAPF ran on a subscriber server, you must copy the CAPF data to the publisher
database server before you upgrade a cluster to this Cisco Unified Communications Manager release.
Caution
The CAPF data on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager subscriber server does not migrate
to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database, and a loss of data occurs, if you do not
copy the data to the database. If a loss of data occurs, the locally significant certificates that you
issued with the CAPF utility remain in the phones, but the CAPF utility for this release must reissue
the certificates, which are no longer valid.
The following steps are optional:
Step 10 Verify that the locally significant certificates are installed on supported Cisco Unified IP Phones.
Step 11 Configure digest authentication for phones that are running SIP.
Step 12 Perform phone-hardening tasks.
Tip
If you configured phone-hardening settings prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager upgrade,
the device configuration settings migrate automatically during the upgrade.
Step 13 Configure conference bridge resources for security.
Step 14 Configure voice mail ports for security.
For more information, see the applicable Cisco Unity or Cisco Unity Connection integration guide for this
Cisco Unified Communications Manager release.
Step 15 Configure security settings for SRST references.
Tip
If you configured secure SRST references in a previous Cisco Unified Communications Manager
release, the configuration automatically migrates during the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
upgrade.
Step 16 Configure IPSec.
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Where to Find More Information
For more information, see Media and Signaling Authentication and Encryption Feature for Cisco IOS MGCP
Gateways and Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide
Step 17 Configure the SIP trunk security profile.
If you plan to use digest authentication, check the Enable Digest Authentication check box in the profile.
For trunk-level authorization, check the authorization check boxes for the allowed SIP requests.
If you want application-level authorization to occur after trunk-level authorization, check the Enable Application
Level Authorization check box.
You cannot check application-level authorization unless digest authentication is checked.
Step 18 Apply the SIP trunk security profile to the trunk.
Step 19 Configure digest authentication for the trunk.
Step 20 If you checked the Enable Application Level Authorization check box in the SIP trunk security profile,
configure the allowed SIP requests by checking the authorization check boxes in the Application User
Configuration window.
Step 21 Reset all phones.
Step 22 Reboot all servers.
Related Topics
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service, on page 117
Activate Cisco CTL Provider Service, on page 64
Apply Phone Security Profile, on page 100
Apply SIP Trunk Security Profile, on page 241
Authorization, on page 26
Cisco CTL Client Installation, on page 67
CTL Client, SSL, CAPF, and Security Token Installation, on page 18
Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips, on page 128
Enter Phone Authentication String, on page 122
IPSec Setup Within Network Infrastructures, on page 233
Phone Security Profile Setup Tips, on page 92
Reset Devices, Reboot Servers and Clusters, and Restart Services, on page 16
Set Up CAPF, on page 116
Upgrade Cisco CTL Client and Migrate Cisco CTL File, on page 67
Set Up Digest Authentication Enterprise Parameters, on page 246
Set Up Ports for TLS Connection, on page 65
System Requirements, on page 7
Where to Find More Information
Related Cisco Documentation
Refer to the following documents for further information about related Cisco IP telephony applications and
products:
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Where to Find More Information
• Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
• Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide
• Media and Signaling Authentication and Encryption Feature for Cisco IOS MGCP Gateways
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Integration Guide for Cisco Unity
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Integration Guide for Cisco Unity Connection
• Cisco Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) administration documentation that supports
the SRST-enabled gateway
• Disaster Recovery System Administration Guide
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Bulk Administration Guide
• Troubleshooting Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
• The firmware release notes that support your phone model
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Where to Find More Information
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2
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over Secure Sockets
Layer (HTTPS)
This chapter provides information about Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer.
• HTTPS, page 35
• HTTPS for Cisco Unified IP Phone Services, page 37
• Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Internet Explorer 8, page 40
• First-Time Authentication for Firefox with HTTPS, page 42
• First-Time Authentication for Safari with HTTPS, page 44
• Where to Find More Information About HTTPS Setup, page 46
HTTPS
HTTPS, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), secures communication between
a browser and a web server for Microsoft Windows users. HTTPS uses certificates to ensure server identities
and to secure the browser connection. HTTPS uses a public key to encrypt the data, including the user login
and password, during transport over the Internet.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports SSL and Transport Layer Security (TLS) for HTTPS
connections. Cisco recommends using TLS for improved security if your web browser version supports TLS.
Disable SSL on your web browser to use TLS for secure HTTPS communications.
To enable HTTPS, you must download a certificate that identifies the server during the connection process.
You can accept the server certificate for the current session only, or you can download the certificate to a trust
folder (file) to secure the current session and future sessions with that server. The trust folder stores the
certificates for all your trusted sites.
Cisco supports these browsers for connection to the Cisco Tomcat web server application in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager:
• Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) 7 when running on Microsoft Windows XP SP3
• Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) 8 when running on Microsoft Windows XP SP3 or Microsoft Vista
SP2
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HTTPS
• Firefox 3.x when running on Microsoft Windows XP SP3, Microsoft Vista SP2 or Apple MAC OS X
• Safari 4.x when running on Apple MAC OS X
Note
When you install/upgrade Cisco Unified Communications Manager, an HTTPS self-signed certificate
(Tomcat) is generated. The self-signed certificate migrates automatically during upgrades to Cisco Unified
Communications Manager. A copy of this certificate is created in .DER and .PEM formats.
You can regenerate the self-signed certificate by using the Cisco Unified Communications Operating
System GUI. Refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide for
more information.
The following table shows the applications that use HTTPS with Cisco Tomcat in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Table 6: Cisco Unified Communications Manager HTTPS Applications
Cisco Unified Communications
Manager HTTPS Application
Web Application
ccmadmin
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
ccmservice
Cisco Unified Serviceability
cmplatform
Operating System administration pages
cmuser
Cisco Personal Assistant
ast
Real Time Monitoring Tool
RTMTReports
Real Time Monitoring Tool reports archive
PktCap
TAC troubleshooting tools that are used for packet capturing
art
Cisco Unified Communications Manager CDR Analysis and
Reporting
taps
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Auto-Register Phone
Tool
dna
Dialed Number Analyzer
drf
Disaster Recovery System
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Cisco Unified Communications
Manager HTTPS Application
Web Application
SOAP
Simple Object Access Protocol API for reading from and writing
to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database
Note
For security, all Web applications that are using SOAP
require HTTPS. Cisco does not support HTTP for SOAP
applications. Existing applications that use HTTP will fail;
they cannot be converted to HTTPS by changing
directories.
HTTPS for Cisco Unified IP Phone Services
For Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco Unified IP Phones and Cisco Unified IP Phone Services
support HTTPS, encryption, and secure identification of the server using port 8443.
TVS (Trust verification service) does not verify certificate chains. For TVS to verify the certificate, the same
certificate that is presented to TVS by the phone must be in the Tomcat-trust certificate store.
TVS does verify root or intermediate certificates. Only the identity certificate is verified if it is not in the
database. Even if the root and intermediate certificates are present,. verification fails.
Cisco Unified IP Phones Supporting HTTPS
The following Cisco Unified IP Phones support HTTPS:
• 6921, 6941, 6945, and 6961
• 7906, 7911, 7921, 7931, 7925, 7925-EX, 7926, 7941, 7941G-GE, 7942, 7945, 7961, 7962, 7961G-GE,
7965, 7970, and 7975
• 8941, 8945, and 8961
• 9951 and 9971
Features That Support HTTPS
The following features support HTTPS:
• Cisco Extension Mobility (EM)
• Cisco Extension Mobility Cross Cluster (EMCC)
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Manager Assistant (IPMA)
• Cisco Unified IP Phone Services
• Personal Directory
• Change Credentials
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Cisco Unified IP Phone Services Settings
To support HTTPS in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 8.0(1) and later, the Phone
Configuration Settings include the secure URL parameters shown in the following table.
To configure the secure URL parameters, choose Device > Device Settings > Phone Services from Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration. For more information, see the “Cisco Unified IP Phone
Services Configuration” chapter in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide
Note
When you delete the Secured Phone URL Parameters in the Enterprise Parameter section of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration and then reboot, the URL Parameters are re-populated by
default. After you reboot go to the Secured Phone URL Parameters section and make the correct
modifications to the URL and reboot the phones.
Table 7: Phone Configuration Settings for Secure URLs
Field
Description
Secure Authentication URL
Enter the secure URL that the phone uses to validate
requests that are made to the phone web server.
If you do not provide a Secure
Authentication URL, the device uses the
nonsecure URL. If you provide both a secure
URL and a nonsecure URL, the device
chooses the appropriate URL, based on its
capabilities.
By default, this URL accesses a Cisco Unified
Communications Self Care Portal window that was
configured during installation.
Note
Leave this field blank to accept the default setting.
Maximum length: 255
Secure Directory URL
Enter the secure URL for the server from which the
phone obtains directory information. This parameter
specifies the URL that secured Cisco Unified IP
Phones use when you press the Directory button.
If you do not provide a Secure Directory
URL, the device uses the nonsecure URL.
If you provide both a secure URL and a
nonsecure URL, the device chooses the
appropriate URL, based on its capabilities.
Leave this field blank to accept the default setting.
Note
Maximum length: 255
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Field
Description
Secure Idle URL
Enter the secure URL for the information that displays
on the Cisco Unified IP Phone display when the phone
is idle, as specified in Idle Timer field. For example,
you can display a logo on the LCD when the phone
has not been used for 5 minutes.
If you do not provide a Secure Idle URL, the
device uses the nonsecure URL. If you
provide both a secure URL and a nonsecure
URL, the device chooses the appropriate
URL, based on its capabilities.
To accept the default setting, leave this field blank.
Note
Maximum length: 255
Secure Information URL
Enter the secure URL for the server location where
the Cisco Unified IP Phone can find help text
information. This information displays when the user
presses the information (i) button or the question mark
(?) button.
If you do not provide a Secure Information
URL, the device uses the nonsecure URL.
If you provide both a secure URL and a
nonsecure URL, the device chooses the
appropriate URL, based on its capabilities.
To accept the default setting, leave this field blank.
Note
Maximum length: 255
Secure Messages URL
Enter the secure URL for the messages server. The
Cisco Unified IP Phone contacts this URL when the
user presses the Messages button.
If you do not provide a Secure Messages
URL, the device uses the nonsecure URL.
If you provide both a secure URL and a
nonsecure URL, the device chooses the
appropriate URL, based on its capabilities.
To accept the default setting, leave this field blank.
Note
Maximum length: 255
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Field
Description
Secure Services URL
Enter the secure URL for Cisco Unified IP Phone
services. The is the location that the secure Cisco
Unified IP Phone contacts when the user presses the
Services button.
If you do not provide a Secure Services
URL, the device uses the nonsecure URL.
If you provide both a secure URL and a
nonsecure URL, the device chooses the
appropriate URL, based on its capabilities.
To accept the default setting, leave this field blank.
Note
Maximum length: 255
Enterprise Parameter Settings for HTTPS Support
To support HTTPS, Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 8.0(1) and later supports the following
new Enterprise Parameters:
• Secured Authentication URL
• Secured Directory URL
• Secured Idle URL
• Secured Information URL
• Secured Messaged URL
• Secured Services URL
Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Internet Explorer 8
Be sure to import the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificate to Internet Explorer 8 to secure
access without having to reload the certificate every time that you restart the browser. If you continue to a
website that has a certificate warning and the certificate is not in the trust store, Internet Explorer 8 remembers
the certificate for the current session only.
After you download the server certificate, Internet Explorer 8 continues to display certificate errors for the
website. You can ignore the security warnings when the Trusted Root Certificate Authority trust store for the
browser contains the imported certificate.
The following procedure describes how to import the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificate to
the root certificate trust store for Internet Explorer 8.
Procedure
Step 1
Browse to application on the Tomcat server (for example, enter the hostname, localhost, or IP address for
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration in the browser).
The browser displays a Certificate Error: Navigation Blocked message to indicate that this website is untrusted.
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Step 2
To access the server, click Continue to this website (not recommended).
The Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration window displays, and the browser displays the
address bar and Certificate Error status in red.
Step 3
To import the server certificate, click the Certificate Error status box to display the status report. Click the
View Certificates link in the report.
Verify the certificate details.
Select the General tab in the Certificate window and click Install Certificate.
The Certificate Import Wizard launches.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
To start the Wizard, click Next.
The Certificate Store window displays.
Step 7
Verify that the Automatic option, which allows the wizard to select the certificate store for this certificate
type, is selected and click Next.
Verify the setting and click Finish.
A security warning displays for the import operation.
Step 8
Step 9
To install the certificate, click Yes.
The Import Wizard displays “The import was successful.”
Step 10 Click OK. The next time that you click the View certificates link, the Certification Path tab in the Certificate
window displays “This certificate is OK.”
Step 11 To verify that the trust store contains the imported certificate, click Tools > Internet Options in the Internet
Explorer toolbar and select the Content tab. Click Certificates and select the Trusted Root Certifications
Authorities tab. Scroll to find the imported certificate in the list.
After importing the certificate, the browser continues to display the address bar and a Certificate Error status
in red. The status persists even if you reenter the hostname, localhost, or IP address or refresh or relaunch the
browser.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About HTTPS Setup, on page 46
Copy Internet Explorer 8 Certificate to File
Copying the certificate to a file and storing it locally allows you to restore the certificate whenever necessary.
Performing the following procedure copies the certificate by using a standard certificate storage format. To
copy the certificate contents to file, perform the following procedure:
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Click the Certificate Error status box.
Click View Certificates.
Click the Details tab.
Click the Copy to File button.
The Certificate Export Wizard displays. Click Next.
The following list defines the file formats from which you can choose. Choose the file format that you want
to use for the exported file; click Next.
a) DER encoded binary X.509 (.CER)—Uses DER to transfer information between entities.
b) Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)—Sends secure binary attachments over the internet; uses ASCII text
format to prevent corruption of file.
c) Cryptographic Message Syntax Standard-PKCS #7 Certificates (.P7B)—Exports the certificate and all
certificates in the certification path to the chosen PC.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Browse to the location to which you want to export the file copy and name the file. Click Save.
The file name and path display in the Certificate Export Wizard pane. Click Next.
Your file and settings display. Click Finish.
When the successful export dialog box displays, click OK.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About HTTPS Setup, on page 46
First-Time Authentication for Firefox with HTTPS
The first time that you (or a user) accesses Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration or other
Cisco Unified Communications Manager SSL-enabled virtual directories (after the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager installation/upgrade) from a browser client, a Security Alert dialog box asks whether
you trust the server.
When the dialog box displays, you must perform one of the following tasks:
• By clicking I Understand The Risks, you choose to trust the certificate for the current web session
only. If you trust the certificate for the current session only, the Security Alert dialog box displays each
time that you access the application; that is, until you install the certificate in the trusted folder.
• By clicking Get Me Out Of Here, you cancel the action. No authentication occurs, and you cannot
access the web application. To access the web application, you must click I Understand The Risks.
Related Topics
Copy Internet Explorer 8 Certificate to File, on page 41
Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Safari 4.x, on page 45
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Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Firefox 3.x
Perform the following procedure to save the HTTPS certificate in the trusted folder in the browser client.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Access the Tomcat server (for example, enter the hostname, localhost, or IP address for Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration in the browser).
When the Security Alert dialog box displays, click I Understand The Risks.
Click Add Exception.
The Add Exception dialog box displays.
Click Get Certificate.
Check the Permanently store this exception check box.
Click Confirm Security Exception.
To view the details of the certificate by performing the following steps:
a) From the Firefox browser, click Tools > Options.
The Options dialog box displays
b) Click Advanced.
c) Click View Certificates.
The Certificate Manager dialog box displays.
d) Highlight the certificate that you want to view and click View.
The Certificate Viewer dialog box displays.
e) Click the Details tab.
f) In the Certificate Fields field, highlight the field that you want to view.
Details display in the Field Values field.
g) From the Certificate Viewer dialog box, click Close.
h) From the Certificate Manager dialog box, click OK.
Copy Firefox 3.x Certificate to File
Copying the certificate to a file and storing it locally allows you to restore the certificate whenever necessary.
Performing the following procedure copies the certificate by using a standard certificate storage format. To
copy the certificate contents to file, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
From the Firefox browser, click Tools > Options.
The Options dialog box displays.
Step 2
Step 3
If it is not already selected, click Advanced.
Click the Encryption tab and click View Certificates.
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The Certificate Manager dialog box displays.
Step 4
Step 5
Click the Servers tab.
Highlight the certificate you want to copy and click Export.
The Save Certificate to File dialog box displays.
Step 6
Step 7
Browse to the location to which you want to copy the file.
From the Save as type drop-down list, choose the file type from the following options:
a) X.509 Certificate (PEM)—Uses PEM to transfer information between entities.
b) X.509 Certificate with chain (PEM)—Uses Privacy Enhanced Mail to verify the certificate chain and
transfer information between entities.
• X.509 Certificate (DER)—Uses DER to transfer information between entities.
• X.509 Certificate (PKCS#7)—PKCS#7 is a standard for signing or encrypting data. Since the
certificate is needed to verify signed data, it is possible to include it in the SignedData structure.
A .P7C-file is just a degenerated SignedData structure, without any data to sign.
• X.509 Certificate with chain (PKCS#7)—Uses PKCS#7 to verify the certificate chain and transfer
information between entities.
Step 8
Step 9
Click Save.
Click OK.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About HTTPS Setup, on page 46
First-Time Authentication for Safari with HTTPS
The first time that you (or a user) accesses Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration or other
Cisco Unified Communications Manager SSL-enabled virtual directories (after the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager installation/upgrade) from a browser client, a Security Alert dialog box asks whether
you trust the server.
When the dialog box displays, you must perform one of the following tasks:
• By clicking Yes, you choose to trust the certificate for the current web session only. If you trust the
certificate for the current session only, the Security Alert dialog box displays each time that you access
the application; that is, until you install the certificate in the trusted folder.
• By clicking Show Certificate > Install Certificate, you intend to perform certificate installation tasks,
so you always trust the certificate. If you install the certificate in the trusted folder, the Security Alert
dialog box does not display each time that you access the web application.
• By clicking No, you cancel the action. No authentication occurs, and you cannot access the web
application. To access the web application, you must click Yes or install the certificate via the Show
Certificate > Install Certificate options.
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Note
The address that you use to access Cisco Unified Communications Manager must match
the name on the certificate, or a message will display by default. If you access the web
application by using the localhost or IP address after you install the certificate in the
trusted folder, a security alert indicates that the name of the security certificate does not
match the name of the site that you are accessing.
Related Topics
Copy Internet Explorer 8 Certificate to File, on page 41
Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Firefox 3.x, on page 43
Save Certificate to Trusted Folder Using Safari 4.x
Perform the following procedure to save the HTTPS certificate in the trusted folder in the browser client.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Access the Tomcat server (for example, enter the hostname, localhost, or IP address for Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration in the browser).
When the Security Alert dialog box displays, click Show Certificate.
You can click the Details tab to view the details of the certificate if you choose to verify the certificate data.
To display a subset of settings, if available, choose one of the following options:
a) All—All options display in the Details pane.
b) Version 1 Fields Only—Version, Serial Number, Signature Algorithm, Issuer, Valid From, Valid To,
Subject, and the Public Key options display.
c) Extensions Only—Subject Key Identifier, Key Usage, and the Enhanced Key Usage options display.
d) Critical Extensions Only—Critical Extensions, if any, display
e) Properties Only—Thumbprint algorithm and the thumbprint options display.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
In the Certificate pane, click Install Certificate.
When the Certificate Import Wizard displays, click Next.
Click the Place all certificates in the following store radio button; click Browse.
Browse to Trusted Root Certification Authorities; select it and click OK.
Step 7
Click Next.
Step 8
Click Finish.
A Security Warning Box displays the certificate thumbprint for you.
Step 9
To install the certificate, click Yes.
A message states that the import was successful. Click OK.
Step 10 In the lower, right corner of the dialog box, click OK.
Step 11 To trust the certificate, so you do not receive the dialog box again, click Yes.
Tip
You can verify the certificate was installed successfully by clicking the Certification Path tab in the
Certificate pane.
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Copy Safari 4.x Certificate to File
Copying the certificate to a file and storing it locally allows you to restore the certificate whenever necessary.
Performing the following procedure copies the certificate by using a standard certificate storage format. To
copy the certificate contents to file, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In the Security Alert dialog box, click Show Certificate.
Tip
In Safari, click the Certificate Error status box to display the Show Certificate
option.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Click the Details tab.
Click the Copy to File button.
The Certificate Export Wizard displays. Click Next.
The following list defines the file formats from which you can choose. Choose the file format that you want
to use for the exported file; click Next.
a) DER encoded binary X.509 (.CER)—Uses DER to transfer information between entities.
b) Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)—Sends secure binary attachments over the internet; uses ASCII text
format to prevent corruption of file.
c) Cryptographic Message Syntax Standard-PKCS #7 Certificates (.P7B)—Exports the certificate and all
certificates in the certification path to the chosen PC.
Step 6
Step 7
Browse to the location to which you want to export the file copy and name the file. Click Save.
The file name and path display in the Certificate Export Wizard pane. Click Next.
Step 8
Step 9
Your file and settings display. Click Finish.
When the successful export dialog box displays, click OK.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About HTTPS Setup, on page 46
Where to Find More Information About HTTPS Setup
Related Cisco Documentation
• Cisco Unified Serviceability Administration Guide
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide
• Microsoft documentation that is available on HTTPS
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Default Security Setup
This section provides information about the default security setup.
• Default Security Features, page 47
• Trust Verification Service, page 48
• Initial Trust List, page 48
• Update ITL File for IP Phones, page 50
• Autoregistration, page 50
• Obtain Cisco Unified IP Phone Support List, page 50
• Certificate Regeneration, page 51
• Tomcat Certificate Regeneration, page 52
• System Back-Up Procedure After TFTP Certificate Regeneration, page 53
• Refresh Upgrade From Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.x to Release 8.6 Or Later,
page 53
• Roll Back Cluster to a Pre-8.0 Release, page 54
• Migrate IP Phones Between Clusters with Cisco Unified Communications Manager and ITL Files, page
56
• Perform Bulk Reset of ITL File, page 57
Default Security Features
Security by Default provides the following automatic security features for Cisco Unified IP Phones:
• Signing of the phone configuration files.
• Support for phone configuration file encryption.
• https with Tomcat and other Web services (Midlets)
For Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 8.0 later, these security features are provided by default
without running the CTL Client.
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Trust Verification Service
Trust Verification Service
Trust Verification Service (TVS) is the main component of Security by Default. TVS enables Cisco Unified
IP Phones to authenticate application servers, such as EM services, directory, and MIDlet, during HTTPS
establishment.
TVS provides the following features:
• Scalability—Cisco Unified IP Phone resources are not impacted by the number of certificates to trust.
• Flexibility—Addition or removal of trust certificates are automatically reflected in the system.
• Security by Default—Non-media and signaling security features are part of the default installation and
do not require user intervention.
Note
When you enable secure signaling and media, you must create a CTL file and set the cluster to mixed
mode. You can use the CTL client to make these changes, or you can use the CLI command utils ctl
set-cluster mixed-mode to create the CTL file and change the security mode in one step.
TVS Description
The following basic concepts describe the Trust Verification Service:
• TVS runs on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server and authenticates certificates on behalf
of the Cisco Unified IP Phone.
• Instead of downloading all the trusted certificates, Cisco Unified IP Phone only need to trust TVS.
• The TVS certificates and a few key certificates are bundled in a new file: the Initial Trust List file (ITL).
• The ITL file gets generated automatically without user intervention.
• The ITL file gets downloaded by Cisco Unified IP Phones and trust flows from there.
Initial Trust List
Cisco Unified IP Phones need an Initial Trust List (ITL) to perform the following tasks:
• Authenticate their configuration file signature.
• Talk securely to CAPF, a pre-requisite to support configuration files encryption.
• Trust TVS (which authenticates https certificates among other functions).
If the Cisco Unified IP Phone does not have an existing CTL file, it trusts the first ITL File automatically,
like it does the CTL File. Subsequent ITL files must be either signed by the same private key associated with
TFTP server's CallManager certificate or TVS must be able to return the certificate corresponding to the
signer.
If the Cisco Unified IP Phone has an existing CTL file, it uses the CTL file to authenticate the ITL file signature.
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ITL Files
The ITL file contains the initial trust list. The ITL file has the same format as the CTL file and is basically a
smaller, leaner version of the CTL file. The following attributes apply to the ITL file:
• Unlike the CTL File, the system builds the ITL file automatically when you install the cluster, and the
ITL file gets updated automatically if the contents need to be changed.
• The ITL File does not require eTokens. It uses a soft eToken (the private key associated with TFTP
server's CallManager certificate).
• The ITL File is downloaded by Cisco Unified IP Phones at boot up time or during reset, right after
downloading the CTL File (if present).
ITL File Contents
The ITL File contains the following certificates:
• The CallManager certificate of the TFTP server. This certificate allows to authenticate the ITL File
signature and the phone configuration file signature.
• All the TVS certificates in the cluster. These certificates allow phone to talk to TVS securely to request
certificates authentication.
• The CAPF certificate. This allows to support configuration file encryption. The CAPF certificate is not
really required in the ITL File (TVS can authenticate it) but it simplifies the connection to CAPF.
Like the CTL File, the ITL File contains a record for each certificate. Each record contains:
• A certificate.
• Pre-extracted certificate fields for easy look up by the Cisco Unified IP Phone.
• Certificate role (TFTP, CUCM, TFTP+CCM, CAPF, TVS, SAST)
The TFTP server's CallManager certificate is present in 2 ITL records with 2 different roles:
• TFTP or TFTP+CCM role: to authenticate configuration file signature.
• SAST role: to authenticate ITL file signature.
ITL and CTL File Interaction
The Cisco Unified IP Phone still relies on the CTL file to know the cluster security mode (nonsecure or mixed
mode). The CTL File tracks the cluster security mode by including the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
certificate in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager record.
The ITL File also contains the cluster security mode indication.
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Interactions and Restrictions
If a Cisco Unified Communications Manager cluster has more than 39 certificates, then the ITL file size on
Cisco Unified IP Phone exceeds 64 kilobytes. Increase in the ITL file size affects the ITL to load properly on
the phone causing the phone registration to fail with Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Update ITL File for IP Phones
A Centralized TFTP with Cisco Unified CM Release 8.0 and later using Security By Default with ITL files
installed on the phones does not validate TFTP configuration files. The following procedure must be completed
before any phones from the remote clusters are added to the Centralized TFTP deployment.
Procedure
Step 1
On the Central TFTP server enable the Enterprise Parameter Prepare cluster for pre CM-8.0 rollback.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Restart TVS and TFTP.
Reset all phones to verify they download the new ITL file that will disable ITL signature verification.
Configure Enterprise Parameter Secure https URLs to use http instead of https.
Autoregistration
If the cluster is in nonsecure mode, the system supports autoregistration. The default configuration file will
also be signed. Cisco Unified IP Phones that do not support Security by Default will be served a nonsigned
default configuration file.
Note
In mixed mode, the system does not support autoregistration.
Obtain Cisco Unified IP Phone Support List
You can obtain a list of the Cisco Unified IP Phones that support security by default by using Cisco Unified
Reporting. To use Cisco Unified Reporting, follow this procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
From the Cisco Unified Reporting main window, click System Reports.
From the System Reports list, click Unified CM Phone Feature List.
Choose the appropriate feature from the Feature pull-down menu.
Click Submit.
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Certificate Regeneration
What to Do Next
For more information about using Cisco Unified Reporting, see the Cisco Unified Reporting Administration
Guide.
Certificate Regeneration
If you regenerate one of the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificates, you must perform the steps
in this section.
Caution
Regenerating a certificate can affect your system operations. Regenerating a certificate overwrites the
existing certificate including a third party signed certificate if one was uploaded. For more information,
see the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Regenerate CAPF Certificate
To regenerate the CAPF certificate, perform the following steps:
Note
If the CAPF certificate is on the publisher, you might observe the phones restarting automatically to update
their ITL file.
Procedure
Step 1
Regenerate the CAPF certificate.
See Chapter 6, “Security”, in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Step 2
If you have a CTL file then you must rerun the CTL client.
See Chapter 4, “Configuring the Cisco CTL Client”, in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System
Administration Guide.
Step 3
Restart the CAPF service.
See the “Activating the Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service” section, in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Security Guide.
Regenerate TVS Certificate
No manual steps are required to regenerate a TVS certificate.
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Tomcat Certificate Regeneration
Note
If you plan to regenerate both TVS and TFTP certificates, regenerate the TVS certificate, wait for the
possible phone restarts to complete, and then regenerate the TFTP certificate.
Regenerate TFTP Certificate
To regenerate a TFTP certificate, follow these steps:
Note
If you plan to regenerate multiples certificates you must regenerate the TFTP certificate last. Wait for the
possible phone restarts to complete before you regenerate the TFTP certificate. You might need to manually
delete the ITL File from all Cisco Unified IP Phones, if you do not follow this procedure.
Procedure
Step 1
Regenerate the TFTP certificate.
See Chapter 6, “Security,” in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Step 2
Step 3
If the TFTP service was activated, wait until all the phones have automatically restarted.
If your cluster is in mixed mode, run the CTL client.
See Chapter 4, “Configuring the CTL Client,”.
Step 4
If the cluster is part of an EMCC deployment, repeat the steps for bulk certificate provisioning.
See Chapter 6, “Security,” in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Tomcat Certificate Regeneration
To regenerate the CAPF certificate, perform the following steps:
Procedure
Step 1
Regenerate the Tomcat certificate.
See Chapter 6, “Security”, in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Step 2
Restart the Tomcat service.
See Chapter 6, “Security”, in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Step 3
If the cluster is part of an EMCC deployment, repeat the steps for bulk certificate provisioning.
See Chapter 6, “Security,” in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
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System Back-Up Procedure After TFTP Certificate Regeneration
System Back-Up Procedure After TFTP Certificate Regeneration
The trust anchor for the ITL File is a software entity: the TFTP private key. If the server crashes, the key gets
lost, and phones will not be able to validate new ITL File.
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 8.0, the TFTP certificate and private key both get backed
up by the Disaster Recovery System. The system encrypts the backup package to keep the private key secret.
If the server crashes, the previous certificates and keys will be restored.
Whenever the TFTP certificate gets regenerated, you must create a new system backup. For backup procedures,
see the Disaster Recovery System Administration Guide.
Refresh Upgrade From Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.x
to Release 8.6 Or Later
To upgrade your cluster from Release 7.x to Release 8.6 or later, follow this procedure:
Procedure
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Follow the normal procedure for upgrading a cluster. For more information, see Chapter 7, “Software Upgrades,”
in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Tip
After you finish upgrading all nodes in the cluster to Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release
8.6 or later, you must also follow all the steps in this procedure to ensure that your Cisco Unified IP
Phones register with the system.
If you are running one of the following releases in mixed mode, you must run the CTL client:
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.1(2)
• All regular releases of 7.1(2)
• All ES releases of 712 prior to 007.001(002.32016.001)
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.1(3)
• All regular releases of 713 prior to 007.001(003.21900.003) = 7.1(3a)su1a
• All ES releases of 713 prior to 007.001(003.21005.001)
Note
Step 3
Step 4
For more information about running the CTL client, see Chapter 4, “Configuring the CTL
Client,”.
Wait ten minutes for the Cisco Unified IP Phones to automatically restart and register with Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Caution
You must back up your cluster using the Disaster Recovery System (DRS) to be able to recover
the cluster.
Back Up Your Cluster.
To backup your cluster using DRS, see the Disaster Recovery System Administration Guide.
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Roll Back Cluster to a Pre-8.0 Release
What to Do Next
Once the publisher is up after the upgrade, do not reboot until the CAR migration completes. You are not
allowed to switch to old version or perform a DRS backup in this phase. You can monitor the CAR migration
status by navigating to Cisco Unified Serviceability > Tools > CDR Analysis and Reporting.
Roll Back Cluster to a Pre-8.0 Release
Before you roll back a cluster to a pre-8.0 release of Cisco Unified Communications Manager, you must
prepare the cluster for rollback using the Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre-8.0 enterprise parameter.
To prepare the cluster for rollback, follow this procedure on each server in the cluster.
Procedure
Step 1
From Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Enterprise Parameters
Configuration.
The Enterprise Parameters Configuration window displays.
Set the Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre-8.0 enterprise parameter to True.
Enable this parameter only if you are preparing to rollback your cluster to a pre-8.0 release of Cisco
Unified Communications Manager. Phone services that use https (for example, extension mobility)
will not work while this parameter is enabled. However, users will be able to continue making and
receiving basic phone calls while this parameter is enabled.
Wait ten minutes for the Cisco Unified IP Phones to automatically restart and register with Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Revert each server in the cluster to the previous release.
For more information about reverting a cluster to a previous version, see Chapter 7, “Software Upgrades” in
the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Wait until the cluster finishes switching to the previous version.
If you are running one of the following releases in mixed mode, you must run the CTL client:
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.1(2)
◦All regular releases of 7.1(2)
◦All ES releases of 712 prior to 007.001(002.32016.001)
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.1(3)
• All regular releases of 713 prior to 007.001(003.21900.003) = 7.1(3a)su1a
• All ES releases of 713 prior to 007.001(003.21005.001)
Note
Step 6
For more information about running the CTL client, see the “Configuring the CTL Client”
chapter.
If "Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre 8.0" is set to True in Enterprise Parameters then the following change
must be made for Corporate Directories to work:
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Under Device > Device Settings > Phone Services > Corporate Directory you must change the Service
URL from Application:Cisco/CorporateDirectory to http://<ipaddr>:8080/ccmcip/xmldirectoryinput.jsp.
Step 7
If "Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre 8.0" is set to True in Enterprise Parameters then the following change
must be made for Personal Directories to work:
Under Device > Device Settings > Phone Services > Personal Directory you must change the Service URL
from Application:Cisco/PersonalDirectory to 'http://<ipaddr>>:8080/ccmpd/pdCheckLogin.do?name=undefined.
Switch Back to Release 8.6 or Later After Revert
If you decide to switch back to the release 8.6 or later partition after you revert the cluster to Release 7.x,
follow this procedure.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Follow the procedure for switching the cluster back to the inactive partition. For more information, see the
Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
If you were running one of the following releases in mixed mode, you must run the CTL client:
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.1(2)
• All regular releases of 7.1(2)
• All ES releases of 712 prior to 007.001(002.32016.001)
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 7.1(3)
◦All regular releases of 713 prior to 007.001(003.21900.003) = 7.1(3a)su1a
◦All ES releases of 713 prior to 007.001(003.21005.001)
Note
Step 3
For more information about running the CTL client, see the “Configuring the CTL Client”
chapter.
From Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Enterprise Parameters
Configuration.
The Enterprise Parameters Configuration window displays.
Set the Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre-8.6 enterprise parameter to False.
Step 4
Wait ten minutes for the Cisco Unified IP Phones to automatically restart and register with Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
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Migrate IP Phones Between Clusters with Cisco Unified Communications Manager and ITL Files
Migrate IP Phones Between Clusters with Cisco Unified Communications
Manager and ITL Files
Cisco Unified Communications Manager 8.0(1) and later introduced the new Security By Default feature and
the use of Initial Trust List (ITL) files. With this new feature, you must be careful when moving phones
between different Unified CM clusters and ensure that you follow the proper steps for migration.
Caution
Failure to follow the proper steps may lead to a situation where thousands of phones must manually have
their ITL files deleted.
Cisco Unified IP Phones that support the new ITL file must download this special file from their Unified CM
TFTP server. Once an ITL file is installed on a phone, all future configuration files and ITL file updates must
be signed by one of the following items:
• The TFTP server certificate that is currently installed on the phone or
• A TFTP certificate that can be validated TVS services on one of the clusters. You can find the certificates
of TVS services within the cluster listed in the ITL file.
With this new security functionality in mind, three problems can occur when moving a phone from one cluster
to another cluster:
1 The ITL file of the new cluster is not signed by the current ITL file signer, so the phone cannot accept the
new ITL file or configuration files.
2 The TVS servers listed in the existing ITL of the phone may not be reachable when the phones are moved
to the new cluster.
3 Even if the TVS servers are reachable for certificate verification, the old cluster servers may not have the
new server certificates.
If one or more of these three problems are encountered, one possible solution is to delete the ITL file manually
from all phones being moved between clusters. However, this is not a desirable solution since it requires
massive effort as the number of phones increases.
The most preferred option is to make use of the Cisco Unified CM Enterprise Parameter Prepare Cluster for
Rollback to pre-8.0. Once this parameter is set to True, the phones download a special ITL file that contains
empty TVS and TFTP certificate sections.
When a phone has an empty ITL file, the phone accepts any unsigned configuration file (for migrations to
Unified CM pre-8.x clusters), and also accepts any new ITL file (for migrations to different Unified CM 8.x
clusters).
The empty ITL file can be verified on the phone by checking Settings > Security > Trust List > ITL. Empty
entries appear where the old TVS and TFTP servers used to be.
The phones must have access to the old Unified CM servers only as long as it takes them to download the
new empty ITL files.
If you plan to keep the old cluster online, disable the Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre-8.0 Enterprise
Parameter to restore Security By Default.
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Perform Bulk Reset of ITL File
Related Topics
Roll Back Cluster to a Pre-8.0 Release, on page 54
Bulk Certificate Export
If both the old and new clusters are online at the same time, you can use the Bulk Certificate migration method.
Remember that the Cisco Unified IP Phones verify every downloaded file against either the ITL file, or against
a TVS server that exists in the ITL file. If the phone needs to move to a new cluster, the ITL file that the new
cluster presents must be trusted by the old cluster TVS certificate store.
Note
The Bulk Certificate Export method only works if both clusters are online with network connectivity while
the phones are being migrated.
To use the Bulk Certificate Export method complete the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
From Cisco Unified Operating System Administration, choose Security > Bulk Certificate Management.
Export certificates from new destination cluster (TFTP only) to a central SFTP server.
Consolidate certificates (TFTP only) on the SFTP server using the Bulk Certificate interface.
On the origination cluster use the Bulk Certificate function to import the TFTP certificates from the central
SFTP server.
Use DHCP option 150, or some other method, to point the phones to the new destination cluster.
The phones download the new destination cluster ITL file and attempt to verify it against their existing ITL
file. The certificate is not in the existing ITL file so the phone requests the old TVS server to verify the
signature of the new ITL file. The phone sends a TVS query to the old origination cluster on TCP port 2445
to make this request.
If the certificate export/consolidate/import process works correctly then the TVS returns success, and the
phone replaces the ITL file in memory with the newly downloaded ITL file.
The phones can now download and verify the signed configuration files from the new cluster.
Perform Bulk Reset of ITL File
When devices on a Unified Communications Manager cluster are locked and lose their trusted status, perform
a bulk reset of the Identity Trust List (ITL) file with the CLI command utils itl reset. This command generates
a new ITL recovery file.
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Tip
Whenever you perform a fresh installation of Unified Communications Manager, export the ITL key as
soon as possible and perform a backup through the Disaster Recovery System.
The CLI command to export the ITL recovery pair is as follows:
file get tftp ITLRecovery.p12
You will be prompted to enter the SFTP server (where the key will be exported) and password.
Before You Begin
Make sure you perform this procedure on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager publisher.
If needed, export the key from the publisher.
Procedure
Step 1
Perform one of the following steps:
• Run utils itl reset localkey.
• Run utils itl reset remotekey.
For utils itl reset localkey, the local key resides on the publisher. This step generates a new ITL file by taking
the existing file on the system and replacing the signature of that file with the recovery key signature. The
key is then copied to the TFTP servers in the cluster.
Step 2
Run show itl to verify that the reset was successful.
Step 3
From Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, select System > Enterprise Parameters
Step 4
Select Reset.
The devices restart. They are ready to download the ITL file that is signed by the ITLRecovery key and accept
configuration files.
Step 5
Restart the TFTP service and restart all devices.
The devices download the ITL file that is signed with the TFTP key and register correctly to Unified
Communications Manager again.
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4
Cisco CTL Client Setup
This chapter provides information about Cisco CTL client setup.
• About Cisco CTL Client Setup, page 60
• Cluster Encryption Configuration Through CLI, page 60
• Remove eToken Run Time Environment 3.00 for CTL Client 5.0 Plug-In, page 62
• Cisco CTL Client Setup Tips, page 62
• Set Up Cisco CTL Client, page 63
• Activate Cisco CTL Provider Service, page 64
• Cisco CAPF Service Activation, page 65
• Set Up Ports for TLS Connection, page 65
• Cisco CTL Client Installation, page 67
• Upgrade Cisco CTL Client and Migrate Cisco CTL File, page 67
• Set Up Cisco CTL Client, page 68
• Update CTL File, page 71
• Delete CTL File Entry, page 73
• Update Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Mode, page 73
• Cisco CTL Client Settings, page 74
• Verify Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Mode, page 76
• Set Up Smart Card Service to Started or Automatic, page 77
• Security Token Password (eToken) Modification, page 78
• Delete CTL File on Cisco Unified IP Phone, page 78
• Determine Cisco CTL Client Version, page 79
• Verify or Uninstall Cisco CTL Client, page 79
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About Cisco CTL Client Setup
About Cisco CTL Client Setup
Device, file, and signaling authentication rely on the creation of the Certificate Trust List (CTL) file, which
is created when you install and configure the Cisco Certificate Trust List (CTL) Client on a single Windows
workstation or server that has a USB port.
Note
Supported Windows versions for Cisco CTL Client include Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows
7. Do not use Terminal Services to install the Cisco CTL Client. Cisco installs Terminal Services, so
Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) can perform remote troubleshooting and configuration tasks.
Note
Supported Windows versions for Cisco CTL Client include Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8.1
and Windows 10. Do not use Terminal Services to install the Cisco CTL Client. Cisco installs Terminal
Services, so Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) can perform remote troubleshooting and
configuration tasks.
The CTL file contains entries for the following servers or security tokens:
• System Administrator Security Token (SAST)
• Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services that are running on the same server
• Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF)
• TFTP server(s)
• ASA firewall
The CTL file contains a server certificate, public key, serial number, signature, issuer name, subject name,
server function, DNS name, and IP address for each server.
After you create the CTL file, you must restart the Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services in Cisco
Unified Serviceability on all nodes that run these services. The next time that the phone initializes, it downloads
the CTL file from the TFTP server. If the CTL file contains a TFTP server entry that has a self-signed certificate,
the phone requests a signed configuration file in .sgn format. If no TFTP server contains a certificate, the
phone requests an unsigned file.
After the Cisco CTL Client adds a server certificate to the CTL file, you can display the certificate in the CTL
Client GUI.
When you configure a firewall in the CTL file, you can secure a Cisco ASA Firewall as part of a secure Cisco
Unified Communications Manager system. The Cisco CTL Client displays the firewall certificate as a “CCM”
certificate.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration uses an etoken to authenticate the TLS connection
between the Cisco CTL Client and Cisco CTL Provider.
Cluster Encryption Configuration Through CLI
Through the CLI, you can manage the cluster security mode without using the Cisco CTL Client.
Consider the following points:
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• With this option, the CTL file is generated using a CLI instead of through the Cisco CTL Client.
• No hardware tokens are required.
• The CTL file is signed using the CallManager certificate private key.
This encryption option consists of the following CLI commands:
utils ctl set-cluster mixed-mode
Updates the CTL file and sets the cluster to mixed mode.
utils ctl set-cluster non-secure-mode
Updates the CTL file and sets the cluster to non-secure mode.
utils ctl update CTLFile
Updates the CTL file on each node in the cluster.
Note
• You must run the CLI commands on the publisher node.
• Be aware that regenerating the CallManager certificate changes the signer of the file. Phones that
do not support Security by Default will not accept the new CTL file unless CTL files are manually
deleted from the phone.
Related Topics
Obtain Cisco Unified IP Phone Support List, on page 50
Return to CTL Client for Cluster Encryption
If you secured the cluster by using the CLI command set utils ctl, you can return to the Cisco CTL Client
option.
Follow this procedure to return to the Cisco CTL Client option for encryption or to return your cluster to
non-secure mode.
Procedure
Step 1
Set the cluster to non-secure mode by using the CLI command utils ctl set-cluster non-secure-mode.
Step 2
Delete CTLFile.tlv on the publisher node by using the CLI command file delete tftp CTLFile.tlv.
Step 3
On the windows machine, open the Safenet 8.2 utility and perform the following steps:
a) Go to Advanced View > Safenet Authentication Client Tools > Token.
b) Insert the first USB token and right click on the certificate.
c) Export it to any location on the PC.
d) Perform the same steps for the second USB token.
Step 4
On the Cisco Unified OS Administration GUI, go to Security > Certificate Management > Upload Certificate
and perform the following steps:
a) From Upload Certificate, choose the certificate name “Phone-SAST-Trust.”
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b) Select the first certificate that was exported from the USB token in Step 3 that you want to import.
c) Import the remaining USB token certificates using the preceding steps.
After you import the two certificates into the trust folder, you can run the Cisco CTL Client and move the
cluster to secure mode.
Remove eToken Run Time Environment 3.00 for CTL Client 5.0 Plug-In
If you are upgrading to the CTL Client 5.0 or 5.2 plug-in, you first need to remove eToken Run Time
Environment 3.00 by performing the following steps:
Procedure
Step 1
Download Windows Installer Cleanup Utility at the following URL:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/290301
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Install the utility on your PC.
Run the utility.
Find eToken rte3.0 in the list of programs and remove it.
Proceed with CTL Client installation.
Cisco CTL Client Setup Tips
Consider the following information when you configure the Cisco CTL Client in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager:
• The Cisco CTL Client limits the file size of a CTL file to 64 kilobytes because the phones cannot accept
a larger CTL file. The following factors affect the size of a CTL file:
◦The number of nodes in the cluster
More nodes require more certificates in the CTL file.
◦The number of firewalls that are used for TLS Proxy
Firewalls with TLS Proxy feature, which are the same as nodes, therefore get included in the CTL
file.
◦Whether an external certificate authority (CA) signs the CAPF and CallManager certificates
Because certificates (CAPF/CallManager) that are signed by an external CA are significantly larger
than default self-signed certificates, this can limit the maximum number of certificates that can fit
into the CTL file.
These factors directly limit the maximum number of certificates that you can fit in a 64-kilobyte
CTL file, so they dictate the maximum number of nodes or firewalls that you can have in a secure
Cisco Unified Communications Manager deployment.
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Set Up Cisco CTL Client
• Ensure that the Cisco Unified Communications Manager node hostname or hostnames are resolvable
on the remote PC where the Cisco CTL Client is installed, or the Cisco CTL Client will not function
correctly.
• You must activate the Cisco CTL Provider service. If you have a cluster environment, you must activate
the Cisco CTL Provider service on all servers in the cluster.
• After you create or update the CTL file, you must restart the Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services
in Cisco Unified Serviceability on all Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers that run these
services and on all TFTP servers in the cluster.
• When the Cisco CTL Client contains entries for off-cluster servers, such as alternate or centralized TFTP
server, you must also run the Cisco CTL Provider service on these servers.
• The alternate TFTP server section of the Cisco CTL Client GUI designates a Cisco TFTP server that
exists in a different cluster. Use the Alternate TFTP Server Tab settings to configure alternate and
centralized TFTP servers in the Cisco CTL Client.
Note
See “Cisco TFTP” in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager System Guide for information about
configuring off-cluster (alternate and centralized) TFTP servers with TFTP service parameters.
• For centralized TFTP configurations, all off-cluster TFTP servers that are operating in mixed mode must
add the Master TFTP server or Master TFTP server IP address to the off-cluster CTL file. The master
TFTP server serves configuration files from all alternate TFTP servers in the alternate file list that is
configured for the master TFTP server. Clusters in a centralized TFTP configuration do not need to use
the same security mode; each cluster can select its own mode.
Set Up Cisco CTL Client
Follow this procedure if you are using the CTL Client option.
Note
This procedure requires that you obtain at least two security tokens, as well as the passwords, hostnames/IP
addresses, and port numbers for the servers that you will configure for the Cisco CTL Client.
The following table provides a list of configuration tasks that you perform to install and configure the Cisco
CTL Client for the first time. See topics related to upgrading the Cisco CTL Client and migrating the Cisco
CTL file for more information about configuring the CTL file when you upgrade Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Obtain at least two security tokens and the passwords, hostnames/IP addresses, and port numbers for the
servers that you will configure for the Cisco CTL Client.
Ensure that all the servers in the cluster are online and reachable from the PC on which the CTL Client will
run. If a server is configured with a hostname, ping the hostname to verify reachability.
Ensure that all of the hostnames of the cluster servers are defined in the DNS server that is configured on the
publisher server.
Activate the Cisco CTL Provider service in Cisco Unified Serviceability.
Activate the Cisco CTL Provider service on each Cisco Unified Communications Manager server in the
cluster.
If you activated this service prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager upgrade, you do not
need to activate the service again. The service automatically activates after the upgrade.
Activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy service in Cisco Unified Serviceability.
Tip
Activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy service only on the first node in the
cluster.
Timesaver
Performing this task before you install and configure the Cisco CTL Client ensures that you do
not have to update the CTL file to use CAPF.
If you do not want to use the default settings, configure ports for the TLS connection.
Tip
If you configured these settings prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager upgrade, the settings
migrate automatically.
Install the Cisco CTL Client.
Configure the Cisco CTL Client.
Tip
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Related Topics
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service, on page 117
Activate Cisco CTL Provider Service, on page 64
Cisco CTL Client Installation, on page 67
CTL Client, SSL, CAPF, and Security Token Installation, on page 18
Set Up Ports for TLS Connection, on page 65
System Requirements, on page 7
Upgrade Cisco CTL Client and Migrate Cisco CTL File, on page 67
Activate Cisco CTL Provider Service
After you configure the Cisco CTL Client, the Cisco CTL Provider service changes the security mode from
nonsecure to mixed mode and transports the server certificates to the CTL file. The service then transports
the CTL file to all Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Cisco TFTP servers.
If you activate this service and then upgrade Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco Unified
Communications Manager automatically reactivates the service after the upgrade.
Tip
You must activate the Cisco CTL Provider service on all servers in the cluster.
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To activate the service, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In Cisco Unified Serviceability, choose Tools > Service Activation.
In the Servers drop-down list box, choose a server where you have activated the Cisco CallManager or Cisco
TFTP services.
Click the Cisco CTL Provider service radio button.
Click Save.
Tip
Perform this procedure on all servers in the
cluster.
Note
You can enter a CTL port before you activate the Cisco CTL Provider service. If you want to change
the default port number, see topics related to setting up ports for a TLS connection.
Verify that the service runs on the servers. In Cisco Unified Serviceability, choose Tools > Control Center
- Feature Services to verify the state of the service.
Related Topics
Set Up Ports for TLS Connection, on page 65
Cisco CAPF Service Activation
Warning
Activating the Cisco certificate authority proxy function service before you install and configure the Cisco
CTL Client ensures that you do not have to update the CTL file to use CAPF.
Related Topics
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service, on page 117
Set Up Ports for TLS Connection
You may have to configure a different TLS port number if the default port is currently being used or if you
use a firewall and you cannot use the port within the firewall.
• The Cisco CTL Provider default port for the TLS connection equals 2444. The Cisco CTL Provider port
monitors requests from the Cisco CTL Client. This port processes Cisco CTL Client requests, such as
retrieving the CTL file, setting the cluster security mode, and saving the CTL file to the TFTP server.
Note
Cluster security mode configures the security capability for your standalone server or a cluster.
• The Ethernet Phone Port monitors registration requests from the phone that is running SCCP. In nonsecure
mode, the phone connects through port 2000. In mixed mode, the Cisco Unified Communications
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Manager port for TLS connection equals the value for the Cisco Unified Communications Manager port
number added to (+) 443; therefore, the default TLS connection for Cisco Unified Communications
Manager equals 2443. Update this setting only if the port number is in use or if you use a firewall and
you cannot use the port within the firewall.
• The SIP Secure Port allows Cisco Unified Communications Manager to listen for SIP messages from
phones that are running SIP. The default value equals 5061. If you change this port, you must restart
the Cisco CallManager service in Cisco Unified Serviceability and reset the phones that are running
SIP.
Tip
After you update the port(s), you must restart the Cisco CTL Provider service in Cisco Unified
Serviceability.
Tip
You must open the CTL ports to the data VLAN from where the CTL Client runs.
To change the default setting, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Perform the following tasks, depending on the port that you want to change:
a) To change the Port Number parameter for the Cisco CTL Provider service, perform Step 2, on page 66
through Step 6, on page 66.
b) To change the Ethernet Phone Port or SIP Phone Secure Port settings, perform Step 7, on page 66 through
Step 11, on page 66.
Step 2
To change the Cisco CTL Provider port, choose System > Service Parameters in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
In the Server drop-down list, choose a server where the Cisco CTL Provider service runs.
In the Service drop-down list box, choose Cisco CTL Provider service.
Tip
For information on the service parameter, click the question mark or the link
name.
To change the value for the Port Number parameter, enter the new port number in the Parameter Value field.
Click Save.
To change the Ethernet Phone Port or SIP Phone Secure Port settings, choose System > Cisco Unified CM
in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Find a server where the Cisco CallManager service runs, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration Guide; after the results display, click the Name link for the server.
Step 9
After the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Configuration window displays, enter the new port numbers
in the Ethernet Phone Port or SIP Phone Secure Port fields.
Step 10 Reset the phones and restart the Cisco CallManager service in Cisco Unified Serviceability.
Step 11 Click Save.
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Related Topics
Cisco CTL Client Installation
Note
This procedure is not required if you manage cluster security using the CLI.
You must use the client and update the CTL file when the following events occur:
• The first time that you set the cluster security mode
• The first time that you create the CTL file
• After the Cisco Unified Communications Manager installation
• After you restore a Cisco Unified Communications Manager server or Cisco Unified Communications
Manager data
• After you change the IP address or hostname of the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server
• After you add or remove a security token, if using the Cisco CTL Client
• After you add or remove a ASA firewall
• After you add or remove a TFTP server
• After you add or remove a Cisco Unified Communications Manager server
• After you upload a third-party, CA-signed certificate to the platform
Tip
If the Smart Card service is not set to started and automatic on the server or workstation where you plan
to install the client, the installation fails.
Upgrade Cisco CTL Client and Migrate Cisco CTL File
If you want to make changes to the CTL file after a Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 5.x to
6.x upgrade, you must uninstall the Cisco CTL Client that you installed prior to the upgrade, install the latest
Cisco CTL Client and regenerate the CTL file. If you did not remove or add any servers before the upgrade,
you do not need to reconfigure the Cisco CTL Client after the upgrade. The Cisco Unified Communications
Manager upgrade automatically migrates the data in the CTL file.
When you upgrade from a Cisco Unified Communications Manager 4.x release to a 6.x release and security
is enabled on the cluster, you must uninstall the Cisco CTL Client that you installed prior to the upgrade,
install the latest Cisco CTL Client, and regenerate the CTL file. Follow this procedure to enable security on
the upgraded cluster:
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Set Up Cisco CTL Client
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Uninstall the existing Cisco CTL Client.
Install the new Cisco CTL Client.
Run the Cisco CTL Client by using at least one of the previously used USB keys.
Restart the Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services in Cisco Unified Serviceability on all Cisco Unified
Communications Manager servers that run these services and on all TFTP servers in the cluster.
Related Topics
Cisco CTL Client Installation, on page 67
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Set Up Cisco CTL Client
Important
This information applies to the CTL Client encryption option. You may also set up encryption by using
the utils ctl CLI command set. For more information about this option, see the Command Line Interface
Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Solutions.
The Cisco CTL Client performs the following tasks:
• Sets the Cisco Unified Communications Manager security mode for a cluster or standalone server.
Note
You cannot set the Cisco Unified Communications Manager cluster security parameter to mixed mode
through the Enterprise Parameters Configuration window of Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration. You can set the cluster security mode through the Cisco CTL Client or the CLI command
set utils ctl.
• Creates the Certificate Trust List (CTL), which is a file that contains certificate entries for security
tokens, Cisco Unified Communications Manager, ASA firewall, and CAPF server.
The CTL file indicates the servers that support TLS for the phone connection. The client automatically
detects the Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco CAPF, and ASA firewall and adds certificate
entries for these servers.
The security tokens that you insert during the configuration sign the CTL file.
Note
The Cisco CTL Client also provides supercluster support: up to 16 call processing servers, 1 publisher, 2
TFTP servers, and up to 9 media resource servers.
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Tip
Configure the Cisco CTL Client during a scheduled maintenance window because you must restart the
Cisco CallManager services and Cisco TFTP services on all servers that run these services in the cluster.
After you complete the Cisco CTL Client configuration, the CTL Client performs the following tasks:
• Writes the CTL file to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server(s).
• Writes CAPF capf.cer to all Cisco Unified Communications Manager subsequent nodes (not first node)
in the cluster.
• Writes CAPF certificate file in PEM format to all Cisco Unified Communications Manager subsequent
nodes (not first node) in the cluster.
• Writes the file to all configured TFTP servers.
• Writes the file to all configured ASA firewalls.
• Signs the CTL file with the private key of the security token that exists in the USB port at the time you
create the CTL file.
To configure the client, perform the following procedure:
Note
This procedure is not required if you manage cluster security through the CLI command set utils ctl.
Before You Begin
Tip
See topics related to upgrading the Cisco CTL Client and migrating the Cisco CTL file for more information
about configuring the CTL file when you upgrade Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Before you configure the Cisco CTL Client, verify that you activated the Cisco CTL Provider service and the
Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service in Cisco Unified Serviceability. Obtain at least two security
tokens; the Cisco certificate authority issues these security tokens. The security tokens must come from Cisco.
You will insert the tokens one at a time into the USB port on the server/workstation. If you do not have a USB
port on the server, you may use a USB PCI card.
Obtain the following passwords, hostnames/IP addresses, and port numbers:
• Administrative username and password for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Tip
Ensure the administrative username is an application user, not an end user, and a member of a super user
group with super user roles.
• Security token administrative password
• Administrative username and password for the ASA firewall
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for a description of the preceding information.
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Tip
Before you install the Cisco CTL Client, verify that you have network connectivity to the server. To ensure
that you have network connectivity, issue a ping command, as described in the Cisco Unified
Communications Operating System Administration Guide. In a cluster configuration, verify you have
network connectivity to all servers in the cluster.
If you installed multiple Cisco CTL Clients, Cisco Unified Communications Manager accepts CTL configuration
information on only one client at a time, but you can perform configuration tasks on up to five Cisco CTL
Clients simultaneously. While you perform configuration tasks on one client, Cisco Unified Communications
Manager automatically stores the information that you entered on the other clients.
After you complete the Cisco CTL Client configuration, the CTL Client performs the following tasks:
• Writes the CTL file to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server(s).
• Writes CAPF capf.cer to all Cisco Unified Communications Manager subsequent nodes (not first node)
in the cluster.
• Writes CAPF certificate file in PEM format to all Cisco Unified Communications Manager subsequent
nodes (not first node) in the cluster.
• Writes the file to all configured TFTP servers.
• Writes the file to all configured ASA firewalls.
• Signs the CTL file with the private key of the security token that exists in the USB port at the time you
create the CTL file.
To configure the client, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Obtain at least two security tokens that you purchased.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) Double-click the Cisco CTL Client icon that exists on the desktop of the workstation/server where you
installed it.
b) Choose Start > Programs > Cisco CTL Client.
Step 3
Enter the configuration settings for the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server, as described in Table
8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74; click Next.
Click Set Cisco Unified Communications Manager Cluster to Mixed Mode, then click Next.
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for field descriptions.
Step 4
Step 5
Perform the following tasks, depending on what you want to accomplish:
a) To add a security token, see Cisco CTL Client Setup, on page 59 through Cisco CTL Client Setup, on
page 59.
b) To complete the Cisco CTL Client configuration, see Cisco CTL Client Setup, on page 59 through Cisco
CTL Client Setup, on page 59.
Caution
You need a minimum of two security tokens the first time that you configure the client. Do
not insert the tokens until the application prompts you to do so. If you have two USB ports on
the workstation or server, do not insert two security tokens at the same time.
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Step 6
Step 7
When the application prompts you to do so, insert one security token in an available USB port on the workstation
or server where you are currently configuring the Cisco CTL Client; click OK.
The security token information displays for the token that you inserted; click Add.
Step 8
Step 9
The detected certificate entries display in the pane.
To add other security token(s) to the certificate trust list, click Add Tokens.
Step 10 If you have not already done so, remove the token that you inserted into the server or workstation. When the
application prompts you to do so, insert the next token and click OK.
Step 11 The security token information for the second token displays; click Add.
Step 12 For all security tokens, repeat Cisco CTL Client Setup, on page 59 through Cisco CTL Client Setup, on
page 59.
Step 13 The certificate entries display in the pane.
Step 14 Enter the configuration settings.
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for field descriptions.
Step 15 Click Next.
Step 16 Enter the configuration settings, then click Next.
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for field descriptions.
Step 17 When you have added all security tokens and servers, click Finish.
Step 18 Enter the username password for the security token, then click OK.
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for field descriptions.
Step 19 After the client creates the CTL file, a window displays the server, file location, and status of the CTL file on
each server. Click Finish.
Step 20 Reset all devices for your standalone server or cluster.
Step 21 In Cisco Unified Serviceability, restart the Cisco CallManager and Cisco Tftp services.
Tip
Restart these services on all Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers that run these services
and on all TFTP servers in the cluster.
Step 22 After you create the CTL file through the CTL Client, you may remove the security token from the USB port.
Store all security tokens in a safe place that you will remember.
Related Topics
Cisco CTL Client Settings, on page 74
Reset Devices, Reboot Servers and Clusters, and Restart Services, on page 16
Upgrade Cisco CTL Client and Migrate Cisco CTL File, on page 67
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Update CTL File
Note
This procedure is not required if you manage cluster security through the CLI command set utils ctl.
You must update the CTL file if the following scenarios occur:
• If you add a new Cisco Unified Communications Manager server to the cluster
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Note
To add a node to a secure cluster, see Installing Cisco Unified Communications Manager,
which describes how to add a node and how to configure security for the new node.
• If you change the name or IP address of a Cisco Unified Communications Manager server
• If you change the IP address or hostname for any configured TFTP servers
• If you change the IP address or hostname for any configured ASA firewall
• If you enabled the Cisco Certificate Authority Function service in Cisco Unified Serviceability
• If you need to add or remove a security token
• If you need to add or remove a TFTP server
• If you need to add or remove a Cisco Unified Communications Manager server
• If you need to add or remove an ASA firewall
• If you restore a Cisco Unified Communications Manager server or Cisco Unified Communications
Manager data
• If you manually regenerate certificates on a Cisco Unified Communications Manager cluster that contains
a CTL file
• If you update from a CUCM version prior to 7.1.5 to a version 7.1.5 or later.
• After you upload a third-party, CA-signed certificate to the platform
Note
When a domain name is added or changed on a Cisco Unified Communications Manager cluster in mixed
mode, you must re-run the CTL Client or changes to the phone configuration files do not take effect.
Tip
Cisco strongly recommends that you update the file when minimal call-processing interruptions will occur.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Obtain one security token that you inserted to configure the latest CTL file.
Double-click the Cisco CTL Client icon that exists on the desktop of the workstation/server where you
installed it.
Enter the configuration settings for the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server, then click Next.
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for field descriptions.
You make updates in this window for the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
server.
To update the CTL file, click Update CTL File, and then click Next.
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for field descriptions.
Tip
Step 4
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For all CTL file updates when using the CTL Client option, you must insert one security token
that already exists in the CTL file into the USB port. The client validates the signature of the CTL
file through this token. You cannot add new tokens until the Cisco CTL Client validates the
signature. If you have two USB ports on the workstation or server, do not insert both security
tokens at the same time.
If you have not already inserted one security token in an available USB port on the workstation or server
where you are currently updating the CTL file, insert one of the security tokens; click OK.
The security token information displays for the token that you inserted; click Next.
The detected certificate entries display in the pane.
Caution
Step 5
Step 6
You cannot update the Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco TFTP, or ASA firewall entries
from this pane. To update the Cisco Unified Communications Manager entry, click Cancel and perform
Step 2, on page 72 through Step 6, on page 73 again.
Update existing Cisco CTL entries, or add or delete security tokens.
When you have finished updating the CTL file, restart the Cisco CallManager and Cisco TFTP services in
Cisco Unified Serviceability.
Tip
Restart the TFTP and Cisco CallManager services on all nodes in the cluster that run these services.
Tip
Step 7
Step 8
Related Topics
Delete CTL File Entry, on page 73
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Delete CTL File Entry
At any time, you can delete some CTL entries that display in the CTL Entries window of the Cisco CTL
Client.
You cannot delete servers that run Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco TFTP, ASA firewall, or
Cisco CAPF from the CTL file.
Two security token entries must exist in the CTL file at all times. You cannot delete all security tokens from
the file. Alternatively, you can update the CTL file using the CLI command utils ctl update CTLFile.
Procedure
After you open the client and follow the prompts to display the CTL Entries window, highlight the item to
delete and click Delete Selected to delete the entry.
Related Topics
Update Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Mode
You must use the Cisco CTL Client to configure the cluster security mode. You cannot change the Cisco
Unified Communications Manager security mode from the Enterprise Parameters Configuration window in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
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Cisco CTL Client Settings
Note
Cluster security mode configures the security capability for a standalone server or a cluster.
To change the cluster security mode after the initial configuration of the Cisco CTL Client, you must update
the CTL file.
If you change the cluster security mode from mixed to nonsecure mode, the CTL file still exists on the server(s),
but the CTL file does not contain any certificates. Because no certificates exist in the CTL file, the phone
requests an unsigned configuration file and registers as nonsecure with Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
Procedure
Navigate to the Cluster Security Mode window, change the mode setting, and click Next, then Finish.
See Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings, on page 74 for more information.
Related Topics
Update CTL File, on page 71
Cisco CTL Client Settings
Important
This information applies to the CTL Client encryption option. You may also set up encryption by using
the utils ctl CLI command set, which does not require security tokens. For more information about this
option, see the Command Line Interface Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Solutions.
You can set the cluster security mode to nonsecure or mixed mode, as described in the following table. Only
mixed mode supports authentication, encrypted signaling, and encrypted media.
Note
Cluster security mode configures the security capability for a standalone server or a cluster.
Use the following table to configure the Cisco CTL Client for the first time, to update the CTL file, or to
change the mode from mixed to nonsecure.
Table 8: CTL Client Configuration Settings
Setting
Description
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Server
Hostname or IP Address
Enter the hostname or IP address for the server for the first node.
Port
Enter the CTL port number for the Cisco CTL Provider service that runs on
this Cisco Unified Communications Manager server. The default port number
equals 2444.
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Setting
Description
Username and Password
Enter the same application username and password that has superuser
administrative privileges on the first node.
Security Mode
Set Cisco Unified
Communications Manager
Cluster to Mixed Mode
Mixed mode allows authenticated, encrypted, and nonsecure Cisco Unified
IP Phones to register with Cisco Unified Communications Manager. In this
mode, Cisco Unified Communications Manager ensures that authenticated
or encrypted devices use a secure port.
Note
Cisco Unified Communications Manager disables auto-registration
if you configure mixed mode.
Set Cisco Unified
If you configure nonsecure mode, all devices register as unauthenticated, and
Communications Manager
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports image authentication only.
Cluster to Non-Secure Mode When you choose this mode, the Cisco CTL Client removes the certificates
for all entries that are listed in the CTL file, but the CTL file still exists in
the directory that you specified. The phone requests unsigned configuration
files and registers as nonsecure with Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
To revert the phone to the default nonsecure mode, you must delete
the CTL file from the phone and all Cisco Unified Communications
Manager servers.
You can use auto-registration in this mode.
Tip
Update CTL File
After you have created the CTL file, you must choose this option to make
any changes to the CTL file. Choosing this option ensures that the Cisco
Unified Communications Manager security mode does not change.
CTL Entries
Add Tokens
Click this button to add additional security token(s) to the certificate trust
list.
If you have not already done so, remove the token that you initially inserted
into the server or workstation. When the application prompts you to do so,
insert the next token and click OK. When the security token information for
the additional token displays, click Add. For all security tokens, repeat these
tasks.
Add TFTP Server
Click this button to add an Alternate TFTP server to the certificate trust list.
For information on the settings, click the Help button after the Alternate
TFTP Server tab settings display. After you enter the settings, click Next.
Add Firewall
Click this button to add an ASA firewall to the certificate trust list. For
information on the settings, click the Help button after the Firewall tab settings
display. After you enter the settings, click Next.
Alternate TFTP Server
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Setting
Description
Hostname or IP Address
Enter the hostname or IP address for the TFTP server.
Alternate TFTP server designates a Cisco TFTP server that exists in a different
cluster. If you use two different clusters for the alternate TFTP server
configuration, both clusters must use the same cluster security mode, which
means that you must install and configure the Cisco CTL Client in both
clusters. Likewise, both clusters must run the same version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Ensure that the path in the TFTP service parameter, FileLocation, is the same
for all servers in the cluster.
Port
Not required with this release of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Username and Password
Not required with this release of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Firewall
Hostname or IP Address
Enter the hostname or IP address for the firewall.
Port
Not configurable. The system uses the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager port; the default port number equals 2444.
Username and Password
Not configurable. The system uses the administrator name and password that
you configured during Cisco Unified Communications Manager installation.
Security Token
User Password
The first time that you configure the Cisco CTL client, enter Cisco123, the
case-sensitive default password, to retrieve the private key of the certificate
and ensure that the CTL file gets signed.
Related Topics
Cisco CTL Client Setup Tips, on page 62
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Verify Cisco Unified Communications Manager Security Mode
To verify the cluster security mode, perform the following procedure:
Note
Cluster security mode configures the security capability for a standalone server or a cluster.
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Enterprise Parameters
Configuration.
Locate the Cluster Security Mode field. If the value in the field displays as 1, you correctly configured Cisco
Unified Communications Manager for mixed mode. (Click the field name for more information.)
Tip
You cannot configure this value in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. This
value displays after you configure the Cisco CTL Client.
Related Topics
Set Up Smart Card Service to Started or Automatic
If the Cisco CTL Client installation detects that the Smart Card service is disabled, you must set the Smart
Card service to automatic and started on the server or workstation where you are installing the Cisco CTL
Client plug-in.
Tip
You cannot add the security tokens to the CTL file if the service is not set to started and automatic.
Tip
After you upgrade the operating system, apply service releases, upgrade Cisco Unified Communications
Manager, and so on, verify that the Smart Card service is started and automatic.
To set the service to started and automatic, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
On the server or workstation where you installed the Cisco CTL Client, choose Start > Programs >
Administrative Tools > Services or Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services.
From the Services window, right-click the Smart Card service and choose Properties.
In the Properties window, verify that the General tab displays.
From the Startup type drop-down list box, choose Automatic.
Click Apply.
In the Service Status area, click Start.
Click OK.
Reboot the server or workstation and verify that the service is running.
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Security Token Password (eToken) Modification
Related Topics
Security Token Password (eToken) Modification
Note
This procedure is not required if you manage cluster security through the CLI command set utils ctl.
This administrative password retrieves the private key of the certificate and ensures that the CTL file is signed.
Each security token comes with a default password. You can change the security token password at any time.
If the Cisco CTL Client prompts you to change the password, you must change the password before you can
proceed with the configuration.
To review pertinent information on setting passwords, click the Show Tips button. If you cannot set the
password for any reason, review the tips that display.
Delete CTL File on Cisco Unified IP Phone
Caution
Cisco recommends that you perform this task in a secure lab environment, especially if you do not plan
to delete the CTL file from the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server(s).
Delete the CTL file on the Cisco Unified IP Phone for the following cases:
• You lose all security tokens that signed the CTL file.
• The security tokens that signed the CTL file appear compromised.
• You move a phone out of a secure environment; for example, to a storage area.
• You move a phone to a nonsecure cluster or to another secure cluster in a different domain.
• You move a phone from an area with an unknown security policy to a secure Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
• You change the alternate TFTP server address to a server that does not exist in the CTL file.
To delete the CTL file on the Cisco Unified IP Phone, perform the tasks in the following table.
Table 9: Deleting the CTL File on the Cisco Unified IP Phone
Cisco Unified IP Phone
Model
Tasks
Cisco Unified IP Phones
7960G and 7940G
Under the Security Configuration menu on the phone, press CTL file, unlock
or **#, and erase.
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Cisco Unified IP Phone
Model
Tasks
Cisco Unified IP Phone
7970G and equivalent
Perform one of the following methods:
• Unlock the Security Configuration menu, as described in Cisco Unified
IP Phone Administration Guide for Cisco Unified Communications
Manager. Under the CTL option, press the Erase softkey.
• Under the Settings menu, press the Erase softkey.
Pressing the Erase softkey under the Settings menu deletes other
information besides the CTL file. For additional information, refer
to the Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration Guide for Cisco
Unified Communications Manager.
Note
Related Topics
Determine Cisco CTL Client Version
To determine which version of the Cisco CTL Client you are using, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) Double-click the Cisco CTL Client icon that exists on the desktop.
b) Choose Start > Programs > Cisco CTL Client.
Step 2
Step 3
In the Cisco CTL Client window, click the icon in the upper, left corner of the window.
Choose About Cisco CTL Client. The version of the client displays.
Related Topics
Verify or Uninstall Cisco CTL Client
Uninstalling the Cisco CTL Client does not delete the CTL file. Likewise, the cluster security mode and the
CTL file do not change when you uninstall the client. If you choose to do so, you can uninstall the Cisco CTL
Client, install the client on a different Windows workstation or server, and continue to use the same CTL file.
To verify that the Cisco CTL Client installed, perform the following procedure:
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Choose Start > Control Panel > Add Remove Programs.
To verify that the client installed, locate Cisco CTL Client.
To uninstall the client, click Remove.
Related Topics
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5
Certificate Setup
This chapter provides information about certificate setup.
• About Certificate Setup, page 81
• Find Certificate, page 81
• Certificate Settings, page 82
About Certificate Setup
Use the Certificate Configuration window to view the certificates on your system. All fields on the Certificate
Configuration window are read-only, except Duration in Cache.
Find Certificate
To find a certificate, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Security > Certificate.
The Find and List Certificates window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may also display in
the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, ensure the dialog box is empty; go to Step 3, on page 81.
To filter or search records
a) From the first drop-down list box, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
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Certificate Settings
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list
header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Certificate Settings
All fields on the Certificate Management window are read-only, except Duration in Cache.
Table 10: VPN Profile Configuration Settings
Field
Definition
Subject Name (read only)
Displays the subject name for the certificate.
Issuer Name (read only)
Displays the issuer name for the certificate.
Serial Number (read only)
Displays the serial number (MAC address).
IPv4 Address (read only)
Displays the IPv4 address.
IPv6 Address (read only)
Displays the IPv6 address.
Duration in Cache
Enter the time, in hours, that the certificate can persist in the phone
cache. A value of zero indicates that the certificate does not get cached.
Leave blank to accept the system default value.
Maximum: 720 hours
Selected Roles
Displays the roles currently associated with the certificate.
Selected Services
Displays the services currently associated with the certificate.
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II
Security for Cisco Unified IP Phone and Cisco
Voice-Messaging Ports
• Phone Security, page 85
• Phone Security Profile Setup, page 91
• Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tone Setup, page 105
• Encryption to Analog Endpoint Setup, page 109
• Certificate Authority Proxy Function, page 111
• Encrypted Phone Configuration File Setup, page 125
• Digest Authentication for SIP Phones Setup, page 135
• Phone Hardening, page 139
• Secure Conference Resources Setup, page 143
• Voice-Messaging Ports Security Setup, page 157
• Call Secure Status Policy, page 163
• Secure Call Monitoring and Recording Setup, page 165
CHAPTER
6
Phone Security
This chapter provides information about phone security.
• Phone Security, page 85
• Trusted Devices, page 86
• Phone Model Support, page 87
• Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Set Up, page 88
• View Phone Security Settings, page 89
• Set Up Phone Security, page 89
• Where to Find More Information About Phone Security, page 90
Phone Security
At installation, Cisco Unified Communications Manager boots up in nonsecure mode. When the phones boot
up after the Cisco Unified Communications Manager installation, all devices register as nonsecure with Cisco
Unified Communications Manager.
After you upgrade from Cisco Unified Communications Manager 4.0(1) or a later release, the phones boot
up in the device security mode that you enabled prior to the upgrade; all devices register by using the chosen
security mode.
The Cisco Unified Communications Manager installation creates a self-signed certificate on the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager and TFTP server. You may also choose to use a third-party, CA-signed certificate
for Cisco Unified Communications Manager instead of the self-signed certificate. After you configure
authentication, Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses the certificate to authenticate with supported
Cisco Unified IP Phones. After a certificate exists on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager and TFTP
server, Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not reissue the certificates during each Cisco Unified
Communications Manager upgrade. You must create a new CTL file with the new certificate entries.
Tip
For information on unsupported or nonsecure scenarios, see topics related to interactions and restrictions.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager maintains the authentication and encryption status at the device
level. If all devices that are involved in the call register as secure, the call status registers as secure. If one
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device registers as nonsecure, the call registers as nonsecure, even if the phone of the caller or recipient
registers as secure.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager retains the authentication and encryption status of the device when
a user uses Cisco Extension Mobility. Cisco Unified Communications Manager also retains the authentication
and encryption status of the device when shared lines are configured.
Tip
When you configure a shared line for an encrypted Cisco Unified IP Phone, configure all devices that
share the lines for encryption; that is, ensure that you set the device security mode for all devices to
encrypted by applying a security profile that supports encryption.
Related Topics
Interactions and Restrictions, on page 10
Trusted Devices
Cisco Unified Communications Manager allows Security icons to be enabled by phone model on Cisco Unified
IP Phones. The Security icon indicates whether the call is secure and the connected device is trusted.
A Trusted Device represents a Cisco device or a third-party device that has passed Cisco security criteria for
trusted connections. This includes, but is not limited to, signaling/media encryption, platform hardening, and
assurance. If a device is trusted, a Security icon displays and a secure tone plays on supported devices. Also,
the device may provide other features or indicators that are related to secure calls.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager determines whether a device is trusted when you add it to your
system. The security icon displays for information purposes only, and the administrator cannot configure it
directly.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager also indicates whether a gateway is trusted by displaying an icon
and a message in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
This section describes the behavior of the security icon for trusted devices on both the Cisco Unified IP Phones
and in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
The following windows in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration indicate whether a device
is trusted:
Gateway Configuration
For each gateway type, the Gateway Configuration window (Device > Gateway) displays either Device is
trusted or Device is not trusted, along with a corresponding icon.
The system determines whether the device is trusted, based on the device type. You cannot configure whether
the device is trusted.
Phone Configuration
For each phone device type, the Phone Configuration window (Device > Phone) displays either Device is
trusted or Device is not trusted, along with a corresponding icon.
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The system determines whether the device is trusted, based on the device type. You cannot configure whether
the device is trusted.
Device Called Trust Determination Criteria
The type of device that a user calls affects the security icon that displays on the phone. The system consider
the following three criteria to determine whether the call is secure:
• Are all devices on the call trusted?
• Is the signaling secure (authenticated and encrypted)?
• Is the media secure?
Before a supported Cisco Unified IP Phone displays the Lock Security icon, be aware that all three of these
criteria must be met. For calls that involve a device that is not trusted, regardless of signaling and media
security, the overall status of the call will stay unsecure, and the phone will not display the Lock icon. For
example, if you include an untrusted device in a conference, the system considers its call leg, as well as the
conference itself, to be unsecure.
Phone Model Support
There are two categories of phone models which support security in Cisco Unified Communications Manager:
Secure Cisco phones and Secure Preferred Vendor phones. Secure Cisco phones are pre-installed with a
Manufacture-Installed Certificate (MIC) and support automatic generation and exchange of Locally-Significant
Certificates (LSC) using the Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF). Secure Cisco phones are capable
of registering with Cisco Unified CM using the MIC without additional certificate management. For additional
security, you can create and install an LSC on the phone using CAPF. See topics related to phone security
setup and settings for more information.
Secure Preferred Vendor phones do not come pre-installed with a MIC, and do not support CAPF for generating
LSCs. In order for Secure Preferred Vendor phones to connect to Cisco Unified CM, a certificate must be
provided with the device, or generated by the device. The phone supplier must provide the details on how to
acquire or generate a certificate for the phone. Once you obtain the certificate, you must upload the certificate
to the Cisco Unified CM using the OS Administration Certificate Management interface. See topics related
to preferred vendor SIP phone security set up for more information.
For a list of security features that are supported on your phone, refer to the phone administration and user
documentation that supports this Cisco Unified Communications Manager release or the firmware
documentation that supports your firmware load.
You can also use Cisco Unified Reporting to list the phones that support a particular feature. For more
information about using Cisco Unified Reporting, see the Cisco Unified Reporting Administration Guide.
Related Topics
Set Up Phone Security, on page 89
Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Set Up, on page 88
View Phone Security Settings, on page 89
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Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Set Up
Secure Preferred Vendor phones are phone types that are manufactured by 3rd-party vendors but are installed
in the Cisco Unified database via a COP file. Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides security for
a preferred vendor SIP phone. In order to support security, you must enable Security Encryption or Security
Authentication for the preferred vendor SIP phone in the COP file. These phone types appear in the drop-down
list in the Add a New Phone window. While all preferred vendor phones support Digest Authorization, not
all preferred vendor phones support TLS security. Security capabilities is based on the phone model. If the
Phone Security Profile includes a “Device Security Mode” field, then it supports TLS security.
If the preferred vendor phone supports TLS security, there are two modes that are possible: per-device certificate
and shared certificate. The phone supplier must specify which mode is applicable for the phone as well as
instructions on generating or acquiring a certificate for the phone.
Set Up Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Profile Per-Device Certificates
To configure the preferred vendor SIP phone security profile with per-device certificates, perform the following
procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Upload the certificate for each phone using the OS Administration Certificate Management interface.
In the Cisco Unified Administration, choose System > Security > Phone Security Profile.
Configure a new Phone Security Profile for the device type of this phone and in the Device Security Mode
drop-down list box, choose Encrypted or Authenticated.
To configure the new SIP phone in the CCMAdmin interface, choose Device > Phone > Add New.
Select Phone type.
Fill in the required fields.
In the Device Security Profile drop-down list box, select the profile you just created.
Set Up Preferred Vendor SIP Phone Security Profile Shared Certificates
To configure the preferred vendor SIP phone security profile with shared certificates, perform the following
procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Using instructions from the phone vendor, generate a certificate with a Subject Alternate Name (SAN) string.
The SAN must be of type DNS. Make a note of the SAN specified in this step. For example, X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
DNS:AscomGroup01.acme.com
Note
The SAN must be of type DNS or security will not be
enabled.
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Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Upload the shared certificate using the OS Administration Certificate Management interface.
In the Cisco Unified Administration, choose System > Security > Phone Security Profile.
In the Name field, enter the name of the Subject Alt Name (SAN), which is the name on the certificate provided
by the preferred vendor, or if there is no SAN enter the Certificate Name.
Note
The name of the security profile must match the SAN in the certificate exactly or security will not
be enabled.
In the Device Security Mode drop-down list box, choose Encrypted or Authenticated.
In the Transport type drop-down list box, choose TLS.
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
To configure the new SIP phone in the CCMAdmin interface, choose Device > Phone > Add New.
Select Phone type.
Fill in the required fields
In the Device Security Profile drop-down list box, select the profile you just created.
Related Topics
View Phone Security Settings
You can configure and view certain security-related settings on phones that support security; for example,
you can view whether a phone has a locally significant certificate or manufacture-installed certificate installed.
For additional information on the security menu and icons, refer to the Cisco Unified IP Phone administration
and user documentation that supports your phone model and this version of Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
When Cisco Unified Communications Manager classifies a call as authenticated or encrypted, an icon displays
on the phone to indicate the call state. To determine when Cisco Unified Communications Manager classifies
the call as authenticated or encrypted.
Related Topics
Interactions and Restrictions, on page 10
Security Icons, on page 9
Set Up Phone Security
The following procedure describes the tasks to configure security for supported phones.
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Where to Find More Information About Phone Security
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
If you have not already done so, configure the Cisco CTL Client and ensure that the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager security mode equals Mixed Mode.
If the phone does not contain a locally significant certificate (LSC) or manufacture-installed certificate (MIC),
install a LSC by using the Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF).
Configure phone security profiles.
Apply a phone security profile to the phone.
After you configure digest credentials, choose the Digest User from the Phone Configuration window.
On Cisco Unified IP Phone 7960G or 7940G (SIP only), enter the digest authentication username and password
(digest credentials) that you configured in the End User Configuration window.
Note
This document does not provide procedures on how to enter the digest authentication credentials on
the phone. For information on how to perform this task, refer to the Cisco Unified IP Phone
administration guide that supports your phone model and this version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Encrypt the phone configuration file, if the phone supports this functionality.
To harden the phone, disable phone settings.
Related Topics
Apply Phone Security Profile, on page 100
End User Digest Credential Settings, on page 137
Set Up End User Digest Credentials, on page 137
Set Up Digest User Using Phone, on page 138
Where to Find More Information About Phone Security
Related Cisco Documentation
• Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
• Troubleshooting Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Related Topics
Interactions and Restrictions, on page 10
Authentication, Integrity, and Authorization, on page 22
Encryption, on page 27
Set Up Authentication and Encryption, on page 30
Set Up Phone Security, on page 89
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7
Phone Security Profile Setup
This chapter provides information about security profile setup.
• About Phone Security Profile Setup, page 91
• Phone Security Profile Setup Tips, page 92
• Find Phone Security Profile, page 92
• Set Up Phone Security Profile, page 93
• Phone Security Profile Settings, page 94
• Apply Phone Security Profile, page 100
• Synchronize Phone Security Profile with Phones, page 101
• Delete Phone Security Profile, page 102
• Find Phones with Phone Security Profiles, page 102
• Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles, page 103
About Phone Security Profile Setup
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration groups security-related settings for a phone type
and protocol into security profiles to allow you to assign a single security profile to multiple phones.
Security-related settings include device security mode, digest authentication, and some CAPF settings. You
apply the configured settings to a phone when you choose the security profile in the Phone Configuration
window.
Installing Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides a set of predefined, nonsecure security profiles
for auto-registration. To enable security features for a phone, you must configure a new security profile for
the device type and protocol and apply it to the phone.
Only the security features that the selected device and protocol support display in the security profile settings
window.
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Phone Security Profile Setup Tips
Consider the following information when you configure phone security profiles in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration:
• When you configure phones, you must select a security profile in the Phone Configuration window. If
the device does not support security, apply the nonsecure profile.
• You cannot delete or change predefined, nonsecure profiles.
• You cannot delete a security profile that is currently assigned to a device.
• If you change the settings in a security profile that is already assigned to a phone, the reconfigured
settings apply to all phones that are assigned that profile.
• You can rename security files that are assigned to devices. The phones that are assigned the old profile
name and settings assume the new profile name and settings.
• The CAPF settings in the Phone Security Profile, authentication mode and key size, also display in the
Phone Configuration window. You must configure CAPF settings for certificate operations that involve
manufacture-installed certificates (MICs) or locally significant certificates (LSCs). You can update these
fields directly in the Phone Configuration window.
◦If you update the CAPF settings in the security profile, the settings get updated in the Phone
Configuration window.
◦If you update the CAPF settings in the Phone Configuration window and a matching profile is
found, Cisco Unified Communications Manager applies the matching profile to the phone.
◦If you update the CAPF settings in the Phone Configuration window, and no matching profile is
found, Cisco Unified Communications Manager creates a new profile and applies the new profile
to the phone.
• If you configured the device security mode prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager 5.0 or
later upgrade, Cisco Unified Communications Manager creates a profile that is based on the model and
protocol and applies the profile to the device.
• Cisco recommends using manufacturer-installed certificates (MICs) for LSC installation only. Cisco
supports LSCs to authenticate the TLS connection with Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Because
MIC root certificates can be compromised, customers who configure phones to use MICs for TLS
authentication or for any other purpose do so at their own risk. Cisco assumes no liability if MICs are
compromised.
• Cisco recommends upgrading the Cisco Unified IP Phones to use LSCs for TLS connection to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager and removing MIC root certificates from the CallManager trust store
to avoid possible future compatibility issues.
Related Topics
Certificates, on page 18
Find Phone Security Profile
To find a phone security profile, perform the following procedure:
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Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Security Profile > Phone
Security Profile.
The Find and List Phone Security Profile window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may also
display in the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, ensure the dialog box is empty; go to Step 3, on page 93.
To filter or search records
a) From the first drop-down list box, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list
header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles, on page 103
Set Up Phone Security Profile
To add, update, or copy a security profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Security Profile > Phone
Security Profile.
Step 2
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new profile, click Add New in the Find window and continue with Phone Security Profile Setup,
on page 91.
b) To copy an existing security profile, locate the appropriate profile, click the Copy button next to the
security profile that you want to copy, and continue with Phone Security Profile Setup, on page 91.
c) To update an existing profile, locate the appropriate security profile and continue with Phone Security
Profile Setup, on page 91.
When you click Add New, the configuration window displays with the default settings for each field.
When you click Copy, the configuration window displays with the copied settings.
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Step 3
Step 4
Enter the appropriate settings as described in Table 11: Security Profile for Phone That Is Running SCCP ,
on page 94 for phones that are running SCCP or Table 12: Security Profile for Phone That Is Running SIP,
on page 97 for phones that are running SIP.
Click Save.
What to Do Next
After you create the security profile, apply it to the phone, as described in the Apply Phone Security Profile,
on page 100.
If you configured digest authentication in the phone security profile for a phone that is running SIP, you must
configure the digest credentials in the End User Configuration window. You then must associate the user with
the phone by using the Digest User setting in the Phone Configuration window.
Related Topics
Find Phone Security Profile, on page 92
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles, on page 103
Phone Security Profile Settings
The following table describes the settings for the security profile for the phone that is running SCCP.
Only settings that the selected phone type and protocol support display.
Table 11: Security Profile for Phone That Is Running SCCP
Setting
Description
Name
Enter a name for the security profile.
When you save the new profile, the name displays in the Device Security
Profile drop-down list box in the Phone Configuration window for the
phone type and protocol.
Include the device model and protocol in the security profile name to
help you find the correct profile when you are searching for or updating
a profile.
Enter a description for the security profile. The description can include up to
50 characters in any language, but it cannot include double-quotes ("),
percentage sign (%), ampersand (&), back-slash (\), or angle brackets (<>).
Tip
Description
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Setting
Description
Device Security Mode
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• Non Secure—No security features except image, file, and device
authentication exist for the phone. A TCP connection opens to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager.
• Authenticated—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides
integrity and authentication for the phone. A TLS connection that uses
NULL/SHA opens for signaling.
• Encrypted—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides
integrity, authentication, and encryption for the phone. A TLS
connection that uses AES128/SHA opens for signaling, and SRTP
carries the media for all phone calls.
TFTP Encrypted Config
When this check box is checked, Cisco Unified Communications Manager
encrypts phone downloads from the TFTP server.
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Setting
Description
Authentication Mode
This field allows you to choose the authentication method that the phone uses
during the CAPF certificate operation.
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• By Authentication String—Installs/upgrades, deletes, or troubleshoots
a locally significant certificate only when the user enters the CAPF
authentication string on the phone.
• By Null String— Installs/upgrades, deletes, or troubleshoots a locally
significant certificate without user intervention.
This option provides no security; Cisco strongly recommends that you
choose this option only for closed, secure environments.
• By Existing Certificate (Precedence to LSC)— Installs/upgrades,
deletes, or troubleshoots a locally significant certificate if a
manufacture-installed certificate (MIC) or locally significant certificate
(LSC) exists in the phone. If a LSC exists in the phone, authentication
occurs via the LSC, regardless whether a MIC exists in the phone. If a
MIC and LSC exist in the phone, authentication occurs via the LSC. If
a LSC does not exist in the phone, but a MIC does exist, authentication
occurs via the MIC.
Before you choose this option, verify that a certificate exists in the
phone. If you choose this option and no certificate exists in the phone,
the operation fails.
At any time, the phone uses only one certificate to authenticate to CAPF
even though a MIC and LSC can exist in the phone at the same time.
If the primary certificate, which takes precedence, becomes
compromised for any reason, or, if you want to authenticate via the
other certificate, you must update the authentication mode.
• By Existing Certificate (Precedence to MIC)—Installs/upgrades,
deletes, or troubleshoots a locally significant certificate if a LSC or
MIC exists in the phone. If a MIC exists in the phone, authentication
occurs via the MIC, regardless whether a LSC exists in the phone. If a
LSC exists in the phone, but a MIC does not exist, authentication occurs
via the LSC.
Before you choose this option, verify that a certificate exists in the
phone. If you choose this option and no certificate exists in the phone,
the operation fails.
Note
The CAPF settings that are configured in the Phone Security Profile
window interact with the CAPF parameters that are configured in
the Phone Configuration window.
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Setting
Description
Key Size
For this setting that is used for CAPF, choose the key size for the certificate
from the drop-down list box. The default setting equals 1024. The other option
for key size is 512.
If you choose a higher key size than the default setting, the phones take longer
to generate the entropy that is required to generate the keys. Key generation,
which is set at low priority, allows the phone to function while the action
occurs. Depending on the phone model, you may notice that key generation
takes up to 30 or more minutes to complete.
Note
The CAPF settings that are configured in the Phone Security Profile
window interact with the CAPF parameters that are configured in
the Phone Configuration window .
The following table describes the settings for the security profile for the phone that is running SIP.
Table 12: Security Profile for Phone That Is Running SIP
Setting
Description
Name
Enter a name for the security profile.
When you save the new profile, the name displays in the Device Security
Profile drop-down list box in the Phone Configuration window for the
phone type and protocol.
Include the device model and protocol in the security profile name to
help you find the correct profile when you are searching for or updating
a profile.
Enter a description for the security profile.
Tip
Description
Nonce Validity Time
Enter the number of minutes (in seconds) that the nonce value is valid. The
default value equals 600 (10 minutes). When the time expires, Cisco Unified
Communications Manager generates a new value.
Note
Device Security Mode
A nonce value, a random number that supports digest authentication,
gets used to calculate the MD5 hash of the digest authentication
password.
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• Non Secure—No security features except image, file, and device
authentication exist for the phone. A TCP connection opens to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager.
• Authenticated—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides
integrity and authentication for the phone. A TLS connection that uses
NULL/SHA opens for signaling.
• Encrypted—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides
integrity, authentication, and encryption for the phone. A TLS
connection that uses AES128/SHA opens for signaling, and SRTP
carries the media for all phone calls on all SRTP-capable hops.
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Setting
Description
Transport Type
When Device Security Mode is Non Secure, choose one of the following
options from the drop-down list box (some options may not display):
• TCP—Choose the Transmission Control Protocol to ensure that packets
get received in the same order as the order in which they are sent. This
protocol ensures that no packets get dropped, but the protocol does not
provide any security.
• UDP—Choose the User Datagram Protocol to ensure that packets are
received quickly. This protocol, which can drop packets, does not ensure
that packets are received in the order in which they are sent. This
protocol does not provide any security.
• TCP + UDP—Choose this option if you want to use a combination of
TCP and UDP. This option does not provide any security.
When Device Security Mode is Authenticated or Encrypted, TLS specifies
the Transport Type. TLS provides signaling integrity, device authentication,
and signaling encryption (encrypted mode only) for SIP phones.
If Device Security Mode cannot be configured in the profile, the transport
type specifies UDP.
Enable Digest Authentication If you check this check box, Cisco Unified Communications Manager
challenges all SIP requests from the phone.
Digest authentication does not provide device authentication, integrity, or
confidentiality. Choose a security mode of authenticated or encrypted to use
these features.
TFTP Encrypted Config
When this check box is checked, Cisco Unified Communications Manager
encrypts phone downloads from the TFTP server. This option exists for Cisco
phones only.
Cisco recommends that you enable this option and configure a
symmetric key to secure digest credentials and administrative
passwords.
When this check box is checked, Cisco Unified Communications Manager
omits digest credentials in phone downloads from the TFTP server. This
option exists for Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G, 7912G, 7940G, and 7960G
(SIP only).
Tip
Exclude Digest Credentials
in Configuration File
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Setting
Description
Authentication Mode
This field allows you to choose the authentication method that the phone uses
during the CAPF certificate operation. This option exists for Cisco phones
only.
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• By Authentication String—Installs/upgrades or troubleshoots a locally
significant certificate only when the user enters the CAPF authentication
string on the phone.
• By Null String— Installs/upgrades or troubleshoots a locally significant
certificate without user intervention.
This option provides no security; Cisco strongly recommends that you
choose this option only for closed, secure environments.
• By Existing Certificate (Precedence to LSC)— Installs/upgrades or
troubleshoots a locally significant certificate if a manufacture-installed
certificate (MIC) or locally significant certificate (LSC) exists in the
phone. If a LSC exists in the phone, authentication occurs via the LSC,
regardless whether a MIC exists in the phone. If a LSC does not exist
in the phone, but a MIC does exist, authentication occurs via the MIC.
Before you choose this option, verify that a certificate exists in the
phone. If you choose this option and no certificate exists in the phone,
the operation fails.
At any time, the phone uses only one certificate to authenticate to CAPF
even though a MIC and LSC can exist in the phone at the same time.
If the primary certificate, which takes precedence, becomes
compromised for any reason, or, if you want to authenticate via the
other certificate, you must update the authentication mode.
• By Existing Certificate (Precedence to MIC)—Installs/upgrades or
troubleshoots a locally significant certificate if a LSC or MIC exists in
the phone. If a MIC exists in the phone, authentication occurs via the
MIC, regardless whether a LSC exists in the phone. If a LSC exists in
the phone, but a MIC does not exist, authentication occurs via the LSC.
Before you choose this option, verify that a certificate exists in the
phone. If you choose this option and no certificate exists in the phone,
the operation fails.
Note
The CAPF settings that are configured in the Phone Security Profile
window interact with the CAPF parameters that are configured in
the Phone Configuration window. Refer to the
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Setting
Description
Key Size
For this setting that is used for CAPF, choose the key size for the certificate
from the drop-down list box. The default setting equals 1024. The other option
for key size is 512.
If you choose a higher key size than the default setting, the phones take longer
to generate the entropy that is required to generate the keys. Key generation,
which is set at low priority, allows the phone to function while the action
occurs. Depending on the phone model, you may notice that key generation
takes up to 30 or more minutes to complete.
Note
SIP Phone Port
The CAPF settings that are configured in the Phone Security Profile
window interact with the CAPF parameters that are configured in
the Phone Configuration window.
This setting applies to phones that are running SIP that use UDP transport.
Enter the port number for Cisco Unified IP Phones (SIP only) that use UDP
to listen for SIP messages from Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
The default setting equals 5060.
Phones that use TCP or TLS ignore this setting.
Related Topics
Configuration File Encryption, on page 29
Digest Authentication, on page 24
Phone Security Profile Setup Tips, on page 92
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Apply Phone Security Profile
You apply a phone security profile to the phone in the Phone Configuration window.
Before You Begin
Before you apply a security profile that uses certificates for authentication of the phone, ensure that phone
contains a locally significant certificate (LSC) or manufacture-installed certificate (MIC).
If the phone does not contain a certificate, perform the following steps:
1 In the Phone Configuration window, apply a nonsecure profile.
2 In the Phone Configuration window, install a certificate by configuring the CAPF settings. For more
information on performing this task.
3 In the Phone Configuration window, apply a device security profile that is configured for authentication
or encryption.
To apply a phone security profile to a device, perform the following procedure:
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Find the phone, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
After the Phone Configuration window displays, locate the Device Security Profile.
From the Device Security Profile drop-down list, choose the security profile that applies to the device. Only
the phone security profiles that are configured for the phone type and protocol display.
Click Save.
To apply the changes to the applicable phone, click Apply Config.
What to Do Next
If you configured digest authentication for phones that are running SIP, you must configure the digest credentials
in the End User Configuration window. Then, you must configure the Digest User setting in the Phone
Configuration window.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles, on page 103
Synchronize Phone Security Profile with Phones
To synchronize phones with a Phone Security Profile that has undergone configuration changes, perform the
following procedure, which will apply any outstanding configuration settings in the least-intrusive manner
possible. (For example, a reset/restart may not be required on some affected phones.)
Procedure
Step 1
Choose System > Security Profile > Phone Security Profile.
The Find and List Phone Security Profiles window displays.
Step 2
Step 3
Choose the search criteria to use.
Click Find.
The window displays a list of phone security profiles that match the search criteria.
Step 4
Click the phone security profile to which you want to synchronize applicable phones.
The Phone Security Profile Configuration window displays.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Make any additional configuration changes.
Click Save.
Click Apply Config.
The Apply Configuration Information dialog displays.
Step 8
Click OK.
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Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles, on page 103
Delete Phone Security Profile
This section describes how to delete a phone security profile from the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
database.
Before You Begin
Before you can delete a security profile from Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, you
must apply a different profile to the devices or delete all devices that use the profile. To find out which devices
use the profile, choose Dependency Records from the Related Links drop-down list box in the Security
Profile Configuration window and click Go.
If the dependency records feature is not enabled for the system, go to System > Enterprise Parameters
Configuration and change the Enable Dependency Records setting to True. A message displays information
about high CPU consumption that relates to the dependency records feature. Save your change to activate
dependency records. For more information about dependency records, refer to the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager System Guide.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Find the security profile to delete.
To delete multiple security profiles, check the check boxes next to the appropriate check box in the Find and
List window; then, click Delete Selected. You can delete all configurable records for this selection by clicking
Select All and then clicking Delete Selected.
To delete a single security profile, perform one of the following tasks:
a) In the Find and List window, check the check box next to the appropriate security profile; then, click
Delete Selected.
When prompted to confirm the delete operation, click OK to delete or Cancel to cancel the delete operation.
Related Topics
Find Phone Security Profile, on page 92
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles, on page 103
Find Phones with Phone Security Profiles
To find the phones that use a specific security profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Device > Phone.
From the first drop-down list box, choose the search parameter Security Profile.
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a) From the drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
b) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list
header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles, on page 103
Where to Find More Information About Security Profiles
Related Topics
Digest Authentication, on page 24
Configuration File Encryption, on page 29
About Phone Security Profile Setup, on page 91
Phone Security Profile Setup Tips, on page 92
Phone Security Profile Settings, on page 94
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8
Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tone Setup
This chapter provides information about secure and nonsecure indication tone setup. The system plays secure
and nonsecure indication tones on a protected phone to indicate whether a call is encrypted.
• Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tones, page 105
• Supported Devices, page 106
• Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tones Important Information, page 106
• Secure Tone Setup Requirements, page 107
Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tones
The secure indication tone plays on a protected phone when the overall status of the call specifies protected;
that is, when the system determines that the call is encrypted. The tone denotes that the call is protected and
that confidential information may be exchanged. The tone comprises three long beeps. If the overall status of
the call specifies protected, the tone begins to play on a protected phone as soon as the called party answers.
When the overall status of the call is not protected, the system plays nonsecure indication tone, which comprises
six short beeps, on a protected phone.
Note
Only callers on protected phones can hear secure and nonsecure indication tones. Callers on phones that
are not protected never hear these tones.
Protected Devices
Configuration designates a protected device in Cisco Unified Communications Manager. You can configure
only supported Cisco Unified IP Phones and MGCP E1 PRI gateways as protected devices in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager can also direct an MGCP IOS gateway to play secure and nonsecure
indication tones when the system determines the protected status of a call.
You can make the following types of calls that can use the secure and nonsecure indication tones:
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Supported Devices
• Intracluster IP-to-IP calls
• Intercluster calls that the system determines are protected
• IP-to-Time-Division-Multiplexing (TDM) calls through a protected MGCP E1 PRI gateway
Related Topics
Cisco Unified IP Phones Supporting HTTPS, on page 37
Supported Devices
You can use Cisco Unified Reporting to determine which Cisco Unified IP Phone models support secure and
nonsecure indication tones. From Cisco Unified Reporting, click Unified CM Phone Feature List. For the
Feature pull-down menu, choose Secure Tone. The system displays a list of products that support the feature.
For more information about using Cisco Unified Reporting, see the Cisco Unified Reporting Administration
Guide.
Secure and Nonsecure Indication Tones Important Information
This section provides information that pertains to the impact of using the secure indication tone feature:
• Facts about protected devices
◦You can configure phones that are running SCCP or SIP as protected devices.
◦Protected devices that call nonprotected devices that are encrypted play the secure tone, while
Protected devices that call nonprotected and nonencrypted devices play a nonsecure tone.
◦When a protected phone calls another protected phone, but the media is not encrypted, the call
does not drop. In this case, the system plays nonsecure indication tone to the phones on the call.
• For video calls, the system plays secure and nonsecure indication tones on protected devices.
Note
For video calls, the user may first hear secure indication tone for the audio portion of
the call and then nonsecure indication tone for overall nonsecure media.
• A lock icon that displays on a Cisco Unified IP Phone indicates that the media is encrypted, but does
not necessarily mean that the phone has been configured as a protected device. However, the lock icon
must be present for a protected call to occur.
• The following services and features are impacted:
◦Multiline supplementary services (such as call transfer, conference, and call waiting) are supported
on protected phones. When the user invokes a supplementary service on a protected phone, the
system plays secure or nonsecure indication tone to reflect the updated status of the call.
◦Cisco Extension Mobility and Join Across Line services are disabled on protected phones.
◦Shared-line configuration is not available on protected phones.
◦Hold/Resume and Call Forward All are supported for protected calls.
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• Facts about MGCP E1 PRI gateways
◦You must configure the MGCP gateway for SRTP encryption. Configure the gateway with this
command: mgcp package-capability srtp-package.
◦The MGCP gateway must specify an Advanced IP Services or Advanced Enterprise Services image
(for example, c3745-adventerprisek9-mz.124-6.T.bin).
◦Protected status gets exchanged with the MGCP E1 PRI gateway by using proprietary FacilityIE
in the MGCP PRI Setup, Alert, and Connect messages.
◦Cisco Unified Communications Manager plays the secure indication tone only to the Cisco Unified
IP Phone. A PBX in the network plays the tone to the gateway end of the call.
◦If the media between the Cisco Unified IP Phone and the MGCP E1 PRI gateway is not encrypted,
the call drops.
Note
For more information about encryption for MGCP gateways, refer to Media and Signaling
Authentication and Encryption Feature for Cisco IOS MGCP Gateways for the version
of Cisco IOS software that you are using.
Secure Tone Setup Requirements
You must configure the following items for the secure tone to play:
• In the Phone Configuration window, which you can navigate to by choosing Device > Phone in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration, configure the following items:
◦From the Softkey Template drop-down list in the Device Information portion of the window,
choose Standard Protected Phone.
Note
You must use a new softkey template without supplementary service softkeys for a
protected phone.
◦For the Join Across Lines option (also in the Device Information portion of the window), choose
Off.
◦Check the Protected Device check box (also in the Device Information portion of the window).
◦From the Device Security Profile drop-down list (in the Protocol Specific Information portion
of the window), choose a secure phone profile that is already configured in the Phone Security
Profile Configuration window (System > Security Profile > Phone Security Profile).
• Go to the Directory Number Configuration window that displays when you add a directory number
from the Phone Configuration window. In the Multiple Call/Call Waiting Settings on Device
DeviceName area of the Directory Number Configuration window, set the following options to a
value of 1:
◦Maximum Number of Calls
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◦Busy Trigger
• In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Service Parameters. In
the first Service Parameter Configuration window, choose your server and choose the Cisco
CallManager service. In the second Service Parameter Configuration window, locate the Clusterwide
Parameters (Feature - Secure Tone) area, and set the Play Secure Indication Tone option to True.
(The default value specifies False.)
• If you are configuring a protected MGCP E1 PRI gateway, choose Device > Gateway > Add New in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration and choose a supported gateway. Choose
MCGP as the protocol. When the Gateway Configuration window displays, specify the following
configuration choices:
◦Set Global ISDN Switch Type to Euro.
◦After you complete the rest of the MGCP Gateway configuration, click Save; then, click the
endpoint icon that appears to the right of subunit 0 in the window. The Enable Protected Facility
IE check box displays. Check this check box.
This configuration allows the system to pass protected status of the call between Cisco Unified IP
Phone endpoints and the protected PBX phones that connect to the MGCP gateway.
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9
Encryption to Analog Endpoint Setup
This chapter provides information about encryption to analog endpoint setup. This feature enables you to
create a secure SCCP connection for analog phones to a Cisco VG2xx Gateway. The gateway uses Transport
Layer Security (TLS) with Cisco Unified Communications Manager for SCCP signaling communication
and uses SRTP for voice communication. The existing Cisco Unified Communications Manager TLS
functionality, including certificate management, is used for secure SCCP communication.
• Analog Phone Security Profile, page 109
• Certificate Management for Secure Analog Phones, page 109
Analog Phone Security Profile
To establish an encrypted connection to analog phones, you must create a Phone Security Profile for analog
phones with the Device Security Mode parameter set to Authenticated or Encrypted. To create a Phone
Security Profile, navigate to System > Security Profile > Phone Security Profile in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
When you configure an analog phone attached to a Cisco VG2xx gateway, choose the secure analog profile
you created for the Device Security Profile parameter. To configure the Device Security Profile parameter,
navigate to Device > Phone in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration and scroll down to
the Protocol Specific Information section for the phone you want to configure.
Related Topics
Certificate Management for Secure Analog Phones
For secure analog phones to function, you must import the same CA-signed certificate into Cisco Unified
Communications Manager that is being used by the Cisco VG2xx Gateway. For more information about
importing certificates, see Chapter 6, “Security,” in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System
Administration Guide.
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10
Certificate Authority Proxy Function
This chapter provides information about the certificate authority proxy function.
• About Certificate Authority Proxy Function, page 111
• Cisco Unified IP Phone and CAPF Interaction, page 112
• CAPF Interaction with IPv6 Addressing, page 113
• CAPF System Interactions and Requirements, page 115
• CAPF in Cisco Unified Serviceability Setup, page 116
• Set Up CAPF, page 116
• Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service, page 117
• Update CAPF Service Parameters, page 118
• Generate and Import Third Party CA-Signed LSCs, page 118
• Install, Upgrade, Troubleshoot, or Delete Certificates From Phone Using CAPF, page 119
• CAPF Settings, page 119
• Find Phones by LSC Status or Authentication String, page 121
• Generate CAPF Report, page 121
• Enter Phone Authentication String, page 122
• Verify Phone Authentication String, page 123
• Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, page 123
About Certificate Authority Proxy Function
Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF), which automatically installs with Cisco Unified Communications
Manager, performs the following tasks, depending on your configuration:
• Authenticate via an existing Manufacturing Installed Certificate (MIC), Locally Significant Certificate
(LSC), randomly generated authentication string, or optional less secure “null” authentication.
• Issues locally significant certificates to supported Cisco Unified IP Phones.
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• Upgrades existing locally significant certificates on the phones.
• Retrieves phone certificates for viewing and troubleshooting.
During installation, a certificate that is specific for CAPF gets generated. This CAPF certificate, which the
Cisco CTL Client copies to all Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers in the cluster, uses the .0
extension.
Cisco Unified IP Phone and CAPF Interaction
When the phone interacts with CAPF, the phone authenticates itself to CAPF by using an authentication string,
existing MIC or LSC certificate, or “null,” generates its public key and private key pair, and then forwards its
public key to the CAPF server in a signed message. The private key remains in the phone and never gets
exposed externally. CAPF signs the phone certificate and then sends the certificate back to the phone in a
signed message.
The following information applies when a communication or power failure occurs.
• If a communication failure occurs while the certificate installation is taking place on the phone, the
phone will attempt to obtain the certificate three more times in 30-second intervals. You cannot configure
these values.
• If a power failure occurs while the phone attempts a session with CAPF, the phone will use the
authentication mode that is stored in flash; that is, if the phone cannot load the new configuration file
from the TFTP server after the phone reboots. After the certificate operation completes, the system clears
the value in flash.
Tip
Be aware that the phone user can abort the certificate operation or view the operation status on the phone.
Tip
Key generation, which is set at low priority, allows the phone to function while the action occurs. You
may notice that key generation takes up to 30 or more minutes to complete.
Although the phone functions during certification generation, additional TLS traffic may cause minimal
call-processing interruptions with the phone; for example, audio glitches may occur when the certificate
is written to flash at the end of the installation.
Consider the following information about how CAPF interacts with the Cisco Unified IP Phone 7960G and
7940G when the phone is reset by a user or by Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Note
In the following examples, if the LSC does not already exist in the phone and if By Existing Certificate
is chosen for the CAPF Authentication Mode, the CAPF certificate operation fails.
Example—Nonsecure Device Security Mode
In this example, the phone resets after you configure the Device Security Mode to Nonsecure and the CAPF
Authentication Mode to By Null String or By Existing Certificate (Precedence...). After the phone resets, it
immediately registers with the primary Cisco Unified Communications Manager and receives the configuration
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file. The phone then automatically initiates a session with CAPF to download the LSC. After the phone installs
the LSC, configure the Device Security Mode to Authenticated or Encrypted.
Example—Authenticated/Encrypted Device Security Mode
In this example, the phone resets after you configure the Device Security Mode to Authenticated or Encrypted
and the CAPF Authentication Mode to By Null String or By Existing Certificate (Precedence...). The phone
does not register with the primary Cisco Unified Communications Manager until the CAPF session ends and
the phone installs the LSC. After the session ends, the phone registers and immediately runs in authenticated
or encrypted mode.
You cannot configure By Authentication String in this example because the phone does not automatically
contact the CAPF server; the registration fails if the phone does not have a valid LSC.
CAPF Interaction with IPv6 Addressing
CAPF can issue and upgrade certificates to a phone that uses an IPv4, an IPv6, or both types of addresses. To
issue or upgrade certificates for phones that are running SCCP that use an IPv6 address, you must set the
Enable IPv6 service parameter to True in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
When the phone connects to CAPF to get a certificate, CAPF uses the configuration from the Enable IPv6
enterprise parameter to determine whether to issue or upgrade the certificate to the phone. If the enterprise
parameter is set to False, CAPF ignores/rejects connections from phones that use IPv6 addresses, and the
phone does not receive the certificate.
The following table describes how a phone that has an IPv4, IPv6, or both types of addresses connects to
CAPF.
Table 13: How IPv6 or IPv4 Phone Connects to CAPF
IP Mode of Phone IP Addresses on
Phone
CAPF IP Address
How Phone Connects to CAPF
Dual-stack
IPv4 and IPv6
available
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF; if the phone cannot connect via an
IPv6 address, it attempts to connect by
using an IPv4 address.
Dual-stack
IPv4
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
Dual-stack
IPv6
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF. If the attempt fails, the phone uses
an IPv4 address to connect to CAPF.
Dual-stack
IPv4
IPv4
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
Dual-stack
IPv4 and IPv6
available
IPv6
Phone uses and IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
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IP Mode of Phone IP Addresses on
Phone
CAPF IP Address
How Phone Connects to CAPF
Dual-stack
IPv4 and IPv6
available
IPv4
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
Dual-stack
IPv4
IPv6
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
Dual-stack
IPv6
IPv4
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
Dual-stack
IPv6
IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv4
IPv4
IPv6
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
Table 14: How IPv6 or IPv4 Phone Connects to CAPF
IP Mode of Phone IP Addresses on
Phone
CAPF IP Address
How Phone Connects to CAPF
Two stack
IPv4 and IPv6
available
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF; if the phone cannot connect via an
IPv6 address, it attempts to connect by
using an IPv4 address.
Two stack
IPv4
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
Two stack
IPv6
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF. If the attempt fails, the phone uses
an IPv4 address to connect to CAPF.
Two stack
IPv4
IPv4
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
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IP Mode of Phone IP Addresses on
Phone
CAPF IP Address
How Phone Connects to CAPF
Two stack
IPv4 and IPv6
available
IPv6
Phone uses and IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
Two stack
IPv4 and IPv6
available
IPv4
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
Two stack
IPv4
IPv6
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
Two stack
IPv6
IPv4
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
Two stack
IPv6
IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv4 stack
IPv4
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv6
IPv4, IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv4 stack
IPv4
IPv4
Phone uses an IPv4 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv4 stack
IPv4
IPv6
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
IPv6 stack
IPv6
IPv6
Phone uses an IPv6 address to connect to
CAPF.
IPv6 stack
IPv6
IPv4
Phone cannot connect to CAPF.
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements
The following requirements exist for CAPF:
• Before you use CAPF, ensure that you performed all necessary tasks to install and configure the
Cisco CTL Client. To use CAPF, you must activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function
service on the first node.
• During a certificate upgrade or install operation, if By Authentication String is the CAPF authentication
method for the phone, you must enter the same authentication string on the phone after the operation,
or the operation will fail. If TFTP Encrypted Configuration enterprise parameter is enabled and you fail
to enter the authentication string, the phone may fail and may not recover until the matching authentication
string is entered on the phone.
• Cisco strongly recommends that you use CAPF during a scheduled maintenance window because
generating many certificates at the same time may cause call-processing interruptions.
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• All servers in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager cluster must use the same administrator
username and password, so CAPF can authenticate to all servers in the cluster.
• Ensure that the first node is functional and running during the entire certificate operation.
• Ensure that the phone is functional during the entire certificate operation.
• If a secure phone gets moved to another cluster, the Cisco Unified Communications Manager will not
trust the LSC certificate that the phone sends because it was issued by another CAPF, whose certificate
is not in the CTL file. To enable the secure phone to register, delete the existing CTL file. You can then
use the Install/Upgrade option to install a new LSC certificate with the new CAPF and reset the phone
for the new CTL file (or use the MIC). Use the Delete option in the CAPF section on the Phone
Configuration window to delete the existing LSC before you move the phones.
Tip
Cisco IP Telephony Backup and Restore System (BARS) backs up the CAPF data and reports because
Cisco Unified Communications Manager stores the information in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database.
Related Topics
Delete CTL File on Cisco Unified IP Phone, on page 78
CAPF in Cisco Unified Serviceability Setup
You perform the following tasks in Cisco Unified Serviceability:
• Activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service.
• Configure trace settings for CAPF.
Refer to the Cisco Unified Serviceability Administration Guides for more information.
Set Up CAPF
Perform the following tasks to install, upgrade, or troubleshoot locally significant certificates.
Procedure
Step 1
Determine whether a locally significant certificate exists in the phone.
Determine whether you need to copy CAPF data to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager publisher
database server. For more information, see the Phone documentation that supports your phone model and this
version of Cisco Unified Communications Manager and the Data Migration Assistant User Guide that supports
this version of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
If you used the CAPF utility with Cisco Unified Communications Manager 4.0 and verified that the
CAPF data exists in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database, you can delete the CAPF
utility that you used with Cisco Unified Communications Manager 4.0.
Verify that the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service is running.
Tip
Step 2
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This service must run during all CAPF operations. It must also run for the Cisco CTL Client to include
the CAPF certificate in the CTL file.
Verify that you performed all necessary tasks to install and configure the Cisco CTL Client. Ensure that the
CAPF certificate exists in the Cisco CTL file.
If necessary, update CAPF service parameters.
To install, upgrade, or troubleshoot locally significant certificates in the phone, use Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
If it is required for certificate operations, enter the authentication string on the phone.
Tip
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Related Topics
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service, on page 117
CAPF Settings, on page 119
Enter Phone Authentication String, on page 122
Find Phones by LSC Status or Authentication String, on page 121
Install, Upgrade, Troubleshoot, or Delete Certificates From Phone Using CAPF, on page 119
Update CAPF Service Parameters, on page 118
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service
Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not automatically activate the Certificate Authority Proxy
Function service in Cisco Unified Serviceability.
If you did not activate this service before you installed and configured the Cisco CTL Client, you must update
the CTL file. Activate this service only on the first node.
To activate the service, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
In Cisco Unified Serviceability, choose Tools > Service Activation.
From the Servers drop-down list box, choose the server on which you want to activate the Certificate Authority
Proxy Function service.
Check the Certificate Authority Proxy Function check box.
Click Save.
Related Topics
Update CTL File, on page 71
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, on page 123
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Update CAPF Service Parameters
The CAPF Service Parameter window provides information on the number of years that the certificate is valid,
the maximum number of times that the system retries to generate the key, and so on.
For the CAPF service parameters to show Active status in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration, you must activate the Certificate Authority Proxy Function service.
To update the CAPF service parameters, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Service Parameters.
From the Server drop-down list box, choose the server.
Tip
You must choose the first node in the
cluster.
From the Service drop-down list box, choose the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service.
Update the CAPF service parameters, as described in help that displays for the parameter.
Note
To display help for the CAPF service parameters, click the question mark or the parameter name
links.
For the changes to take effect, restart the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service.
Related Topics
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service, on page 117
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, on page 123
Generate and Import Third Party CA-Signed LSCs
CAPF LSCs are locally signed. However, you may require phones to use third party CA signed LSCs.
Note
Perform Steps 1 and 2 once and repeat the remaining steps until you configure all require phone LSC
operations.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Import the third party CA certificate into the Unified Communications Manager trust store.
Follow these steps to configure the service parameter Certificate Issuer to Endpoint:
a) In Cisco Unified CM Administration, select System > Service Parameter.
b) Select your Unified Communications Manager server frop the drop-down list box.
c) Under the service drop-down list box, select Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function.
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d) For the service parameter Certificate Issuer to Endpoint, select Offline CA.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Check CSR generation progress. After the phones reregister, use the CLI command utils capf csr countto
check whether the CSRs are generated.
Dump the CSRs to the desired location (local directory or remote directory through FTP or TFTP) by using
the CLI command utils capf csr dump.
The CLI tars and zip the CSRs into a single file (.tgz) before uploading.
When all the signed certificates are provided by the CA, you need to tar and zip all the certificates into a single
file using the Linux command tar cvzf <filename.tgz> *.der.
Use the CLI command utils capf cert import to import the certificates into Unified Communications Manager.
Note
The imported certificate must be in DER format, and they must be tarred in a flat file structure.
The CLI command untars the file, and parses and verifies each certificate. If the certificates are valid, they
are sent to the phones, and the corresponding CSR is deleted.
What to Do Next
To remove all the CSRs and certificates that were previously built and imported, you can use the command
utils capf csr delete.
Install, Upgrade, Troubleshoot, or Delete Certificates From Phone Using CAPF
Perform the following procedure to use the Certificate Authority Proxy Function:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Find the phone, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
After the search results display, locate the phone where you want to install, upgrade, delete, or troubleshoot
the certificate and click the Device Name (Line) link for that phone.
Enter the configuration settings, as described in Table 15: CAPF Configuration Settings, on page 120.
Click Save.
Click Reset.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, on page 123
CAPF Settings
The following table describes the CAPF settings in the Phone Configuration window in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
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CAPF Settings
Table 15: CAPF Configuration Settings
Setting
Description
Certificate Operation
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• No Pending Operation—Displays when no certificate operation is
occurring. (default setting)
• Install/Upgrade—Installs a new or upgrades an existing locally
significant certificate in the phone.
• Delete—Deletes the locally significant certificate that exists in the
phone.
• Troubleshoot—Retrieves the locally significant certificate (LSC) or
the manufacture-installed certificate (MIC), so you can view the
certificate credentials in the CAPF trace file. If both certificate types
exist in the phone, Cisco Unified Communications Manager creates
two trace files, one for each certificate type.
Tip
By choosing the Troubleshoot option, you can verify that an
LSC or MIC exists in the phone. The Delete and Troubleshoot
options do not display if a certificate does not exist in the phone.
Authentication String
If you chose the By Authentication String option, this field applies. Manually
enter a string or generate a string by clicking the Generate String button.
Ensure that the string contains 4 to 10 digits.
To install, upgrade, or troubleshoot a locally significant certificate, the phone
user or administrator must enter the authentication string on the phone.
Generate String
If you want CAPF to automatically generate an authentication string, click
this button. The 4- to 10-digit authentication string displays in the
Authentication String field.
Operation Completes by
This field, which supports all certificate operation options, specifies the date
and time by which you must complete the operation.
The values that display apply for the first node.
Operation Status
This field displays the progress of the certificate operation; for example,
<operation type> pending, failed, or successful, where operating type equals
the Install/Upgrade, Delete, or Troubleshoot certificate operation options.
You cannot change the information that displays in this field.
Related Topics
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements, on page 115
Enter Phone Authentication String, on page 122
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
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Find Phones by LSC Status or Authentication String
To find phones on the basis of certificate operation status or the authentication string, perform the following
procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Device > Phone.
The Find and List window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may also display in the window.
Step 2
From the first drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
a) LSC Status— Choosing this option returns a list of phones that use CAPF to install, upgrade, delete, or
troubleshoot locally significant certificates.
b) LSC Expires- Choosing this option returns a list of phones based on the specified lsc expiration search
criteria.
c) LSC Issued by - Choosing this option returns a list of phones based on the specified lsc issued by search
criteria.
d) LSC Issuer Expires by - Choosing this option returns a list of phones based on the specified lsc issuer
expires by search criteria.
e) Authentication String—Choosing this option returns a list of phones with an authentication string that
is specified in the Authentication String field.
Step 3
Step 4
From the second drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches for
a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to remove
the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 5
Step 6
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, on page 123
Generate CAPF Report
If you want to do so, you can generate a CAPF report to view the status of the certificate operation, the
authentication string, security profile, authentication mode, and so on. The report includes information such
as device name, device description, security profile, authentication string, authentication mode, LSC status,
and so on.
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To generate a CAPF report, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Device > Phone.
The Find/List window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may also display in the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, ensure the dialog box is empty; go to Step 3, on page 122.
To filter or search records
a) From the first drop-down list box, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
In the Related Links drop-down list box, choose CAPF Report in File; then, click Go.
Save the file to a location that you will remember.
Use Microsoft Excel to open the .csv file.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, on page 123
Enter Phone Authentication String
If you chose the By Authentication String mode and generated an authentication string, you must enter the
authentication string on the phone to install the locally significant certificate.
Tip
The authentication string applies for one-time use only. Obtain the authentication string that displays in
the Phone Configuration window or in the CAPF report.
Before You Begin
Before you enter the authentication string on the phone, verify that the following conditions are met:
• The CAPF certificate exists in the CTL file.
• You activated the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service.
• The first node functions and runs. Ensure that the server runs for each certificate installation.
• The device has registered.
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• A signed image exists on the phone; refer to the Cisco Unified IP Phone administration documentation
that supports your phone model.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Press the Settings button on the phone.
If the configuration is locked, press **# (asterisk, asterisk, pound sign) to unlock it.
Step 4
Scroll down the Security Configuration menu. Highlight “LSC” and press the Update softkey.
When prompted for the authentication string, enter the string that the system provides and press the Submit
softkey.
The phone installs, updates, deletes, or fetches the certificate, depending on the current CAPF configuration.
Step 5
Scroll down the Settings menu. Highlight “Security Configuration” and press the Select softkey.
You can monitor the progress of the certificate operation by viewing the messages that display on the phone.
After you press Submit, the message “Pending” displays under the LSC option. The phone generates the
public and private key pair and displays the information on the phone. When the phone successfully completes
the process, the phone displays a successful message. If the phone displays a failure message, you entered the
wrong authentication string or did not enable the phone for upgrade.
You can stop the process by choosing the Stop option at any time.
Related Topics
Activate Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service, on page 117
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, on page 123
Verify Phone Authentication String
You can verify that the certificate is installed on the phone by choosing Settings > Model Information and
viewing the LSC setting, which indicates Installed or Not Installed.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup, on page 123
Where to Find More Information About CAPF Setup
Related Topics
About Certificate Authority Proxy Function, on page 111
Cisco Unified IP Phone and CAPF Interaction, on page 112
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements, on page 115
CAPF in Cisco Unified Serviceability Setup, on page 116
Set Up CAPF, on page 116
CAPF Settings, on page 119
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11
Encrypted Phone Configuration File Setup
This chapter provides information about encrypted phone configuration files setup. After you configure
security-related settings, the phone configuration file contains sensitive information, such as digest passwords
and phone administrator passwords. To ensure privacy of the configuration file, you must configure the
configuration files for encryption.
• About Phone Configuration File Encryption, page 125
• Phone Models Supporting Encrypted Configuration File, page 128
• Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips, page 128
• Set Up Encryption Configuration File, page 129
• Enable Phone Configuration File Encryption, page 130
• Set Up Manual Key Distribution, page 130
• Manual Key Distribution Settings, page 131
• Enter Phone Symmetric Key, page 132
• Verify LSC or MIC Certificate Installation, page 132
• Disable Phone Configuration File Encryption, page 133
• Exclude Digest Credentials From Phone Configuration File Download, page 134
• Where to Find More Information About Encrypted Phone File Setup, page 134
About Phone Configuration File Encryption
To secure digest credentials and secured passwords in phone downloads from Cisco Unified Communications
Manager, you must enable the TFTP Encrypted Config option in the Phone Security Profile Configuration
window and perform additional tasks in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
After you enable the TFTP Encrypt Config option, configure the required parameters in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration and the phone and restart required services in Cisco Unified
Serviceability, the TFTP server
1 Deletes all clear text configuration files on disk
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About Phone Configuration File Encryption
2 Generates encrypted versions of the configuration files
If the phone supports encrypted phone configuration files and if you performed the necessary tasks for phone
configuration file encryption, the phone requests an encrypted version of the configuration file.
Warning
If digest authentication is True for the phone that is running SIP when the TFTP encrypted configuration
setting is False, digest credentials may get sent in the clear.
Some phones do not support encrypted phone configuration files. The phone model and protocol determine
the method that the system uses to encrypt the configuration file. Supported methods rely on Cisco Unified
Communications Manager functionality and a firmware load that supports encrypted configuration files. If
you downgrade the phone firmware load to a version that does not support encrypted configuration files, the
TFTP server offers an unencrypted configuration file that provides minimal configuration settings, and the
phone may not perform as expected.
To ensure that you maintain the privacy of the key information, Cisco strongly recommends that you perform
the tasks that are associated with encrypted phone configuration files in a secure environment.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports the following methods:
• Manual key distribution
• Symmetric key encryption with a phone public key
The setup information provided for manual key distribution and symmetric key encryption with a phone public
key assume that you have configured Mixed Mode and enabled the TFTP Encrypted Config parameter in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Related Topics
Manual Key Distribution, on page 126
Symmetric Key Encryption with Phone Public Key, on page 127
Phone Model Support, on page 87
Disable Phone Configuration File Encryption, on page 133
Manual Key Distribution
With manual key distribution, a 128- or 256-bit symmetric key, which is stored in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager database, encrypts the phone configuration file after the phone resets. To determine
the key size for your phone model.
To encrypt the configuration file, the administrator can either manually enter the key into or prompt Cisco
Unified Communications Manager to generate the key in the Phone Configuration window. After the key
exists in the database, the administrator or user must enter the key into the phone by accessing the user interface
on the phone; the phone stores the key in flash as soon as you press the Accept softkey. After the key is
entered, the phone requests an encrypted configuration file after it is reset. After the required tasks occur, the
symmetric key uses RC4 or AES 128 encryption algorithms to encrypt the configuration file. To determine
which phones use the RC4 or AES 128 encryption algorithms.
When the phone contains the symmetric key, the phone always requests the encrypted configuration file.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager downloads the encrypted configuration file to the phone, which the
TFTP server signs. Not all phone types validate the signer of the configuration file.
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About Phone Configuration File Encryption
The phone decrypts the file contents by using the symmetric key that is stored in flash. If decryption fails, the
configuration file does not get applied to the phone.
Tip
If the TFTP Encrypted Config setting gets disabled, administrators must remove the symmetric key from
the phone GUI, so the phone requests an unencrypted configuration file the next time that it is reset.
Related Topics
Phone Model Support, on page 87
Symmetric Key Encryption with Phone Public Key
If the phone contains a manufacturing-installed certificate (MIC) or a locally significant certificate (LSC),
the phone contains a public and private key pair, which are used for PKI encryption.
If you are using this method for the first time, the phone compares the MD5 hash of the phone certificate in
the configuration file to the MD5 hash of the LSC or MIC. If the phone does not identify a problem, the phone
requests an encrypted configuration file from the TFTP server after the phone resets. If the phone identifies
a problem, for example, the hash does not match, the phone does not contain a certificate, or the MD5 value
is blank, the phone attempts to initiate a session with CAPF unless the CAPF authentication mode equals By
Authentication String (in which case, you must manually enter the string). The Certificate Authority Proxy
Function (CAPF) authenticates Cisco Unified IP Phones to Cisco Unified Communications Manager and
issues phone certificates (LSCs). CAPF extracts the phone public key from the LSC or MIC, generates a MD5
hash, and stores the values for the public key and certificate hash in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database. After the public key gets stored in the database, the phone resets and requests a new
configuration file.
After the public key exists in the database and the phone resets, the symmetric key encryption process begins
after the database notifies TFTP that the public key exists for the phone. The TFTP server generates a 128-bit
symmetric key, which encrypts the configuration file with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128
encryption algorithm. Then, the phone public key encrypts the symmetric key, which it includes in the signed
envelope header of the configuration file. The phone validates the file signing, and, if the signature is valid,
the phone uses the private key from the LSC or MIC to decrypt the encrypted symmetric key. The symmetric
key then decrypts the file contents.
Every time that you update the configuration file, the TFTP server automatically generates a new key to
encrypt the file.
Tip
For phones that support this encryption method, the phone uses the encryption configuration flag in the
configuration file to determine whether to request an encrypted or unencrypted file. If the TFTP Encrypted
Config setting is disabled, and Cisco Unified IP Phones that support this encryption method request an
encrypted file (.enc.sgn file), Cisco Unified Communications Manager sends a 'file not found error' to the
phone. The phone then requests an unencrypted, signed file (.sgn file).
If the TFTP Encrypted Config setting is enabled but the phone requests an unencrypted configuration file
for some reason, the TFTP server offers an unencrypted file that contains minimal configuration settings.
After the phone receives the minimum configuration, the phone can detect error conditions, such as key
mismatch, and may start a session with CAPF to synchronize the phone public key with the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager database. If the error condition is resolved, the phone requests an encrypted
configuration file the next time that it resets.
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Phone Models Supporting Encrypted Configuration File
Related Topics
About Certificate Authority Proxy Function, on page 111
Phone Model Support, on page 87
Phone Models Supporting Encrypted Configuration File
You can encrypt the phone configuration file for the following Cisco Unified IP Phones:
Phone Model and Protocol
Encryption Method
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7905G or 7912G (SIP only) Manual key distribution—Encryption algorithm:
RC4Key size: 256 bits
File signing support: No
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7940G or 7960G (SIP only) Manual key distribution—Encryption algorithm:
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128Key size:
128 bits
File signing support: These phones that are running
SIP receive signed, encrypted configuration files but
ignore the signing information.
Cisco Unified IP Phone 6901, 6911, 6921, 6941,
6945, and 6961
Symmetric key encryption with phone public key
(PKI encryption)—Encryption algorithm:
AES 128Key size: 128 bits
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7970G, 7971G, or 7975G;
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7961G, 7962G, or
File signing support: Yes
7965G;Cisco Unified IP Phone 7941G, 7942G, or
Note
Cisco Unified IP Phones 6901 and 6911 do
7945G;Cisco Unified IP Phone 7911G; Cisco Unified
not request for the ITL file as they do not
IP Phone 7906G
support security by default. Therefore, the
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7971G-GE, 7961G-GE,
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
7941G-GE
cluster should be set to secure (Mixed) mode
for the Cisco Unified IP Phones(6901 and
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7931G, 7921G, 7925G,
6911) to get the Cisco CTL file containing
7926G (SCCP only)
Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function
Cisco Unified IP Phone 8941 and 8945
(CAPF) details for the encrypted
configuration file to work on the Cisco IP
Cisco Unified IP Phone 8961, 9951, and 9971
Phones (6901 and 6911).
Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips
Cisco recommends that you enable the TFTP Encrypted Config flag to secure confidential data in phone
downloads. For phones that do not have PKI capabilities, you must also configure a symmetric key in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration and in the phone. If the symmetric key is missing from
either the phone or Cisco Unified Communications Manager or if a mismatch occurs when the TFTP Encrypted
Config flag is set, the phone cannot register.
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Set Up Encryption Configuration File
Consider the following information when you configure encrypted configuration files in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration:
• Only phones that support encrypted configuration files display the TFTP Encrypted Config flag in the
phone security profile. You cannot configure encrypted configuration files for Cisco Unified IP Phones
7905G, 7912G, 7940G, and 7960G (SCCP only) because these phones do not receive confidential data
in the configuration file download.
• The default setting for TFTP Encrypted Config specifies False (not checked). If you apply the default,
non-secure profile to the phone, digest credentials and secured passwords get sent in the clear.
• For Cisco Unified IP Phones that use public key encryption, Cisco Unified Communications Manager
does not require you to set the Device Security Mode to authenticated or encrypted to enable encrypted
configuration files. Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses the CAPF process for downloading
its public key during registration.
• You may choose to download unencrypted configuration files to phones if you know your environment
is secure or to avoid manually configuring symmetric keys for phones that are not PKI-enabled; however,
Cisco does not recommend using this method.
• For Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G, 7912G, 7940G, and 7960G (SIP only), Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration provides a method of sending digest credentials to the phone
that is easier, but less secure, than using an encrypted configuration file. This method, which uses the
Exclude Digest Credential in Configuration File setting, is useful for initializing digest credentials
because it does not require you to first configure a symmetric key and enter it on the phone.
With this method, you send the digest credentials to the phone in an unencrypted configuration file. After the
credentials are in the phone, Cisco recommends that you keep the TFTP file encryption setting disabled and
enable the Exclude Digest Credential in Configuration File flag on the corresponding security profile window,
which will exclude digest credentials from future downloads.
After digest credentials exist in these phones and an incoming file does not contain digest credentials, the
existing credentials remain in place. The digest credentials remain intact until the phone is factory reset or
new credentials (including blanks) are received.
If you change digest credentials for a phone or end user, temporarily disable the Exclude Digest Credentials
flag on the corresponding security profile window to download the new digest credentials to the phone.
Set Up Encryption Configuration File
The following procedure provides the tasks used to configure encrypted configuration files in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
Procedure
Step 1
Verify that the Cluster Security Mode is configured for Mixed Mode.
Note
Cluster security mode configures the security capability for your cluster or standalone
server.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Check the TFTP Encrypted Config check box in the Phone Security Profile. Be sure to apply the profile to
the phone.
Determine which phones support manual key distribution and which phones support symmetric key encryption
with phone public key (PKI encryption).
If your phone supports manual key distribution, perform the manual key distribution tasks.
If your phone supports manual key distribution, enter the symmetric key on the phone; reset the phone.
If your phone supports the method, symmetric key encryption with phone public key (PKI encryption), verify
that a manufacture-installed certificate (MIC) or locally significant certificate (LSC) exists in the phone.
Related Topics
Apply Phone Security Profile, on page 100
Enable Phone Configuration File Encryption, on page 130
Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips, on page 128
Enter Phone Symmetric Key, on page 132
Manual Key Distribution, on page 126
Phone Model Support, on page 87
Set Up Manual Key Distribution, on page 130
Verify LSC or MIC Certificate Installation, on page 132
Enable Phone Configuration File Encryption
The TFTP server queries the database when it builds the configuration file. If the phone security profile that
is applied to the phone has the TFTP encrypted configuration flag set, the TFTP server builds an encrypted
configuration file.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the appropriate device security profile for the phone to access the TFTP encryption flag.
Check the TFTP Encrypted Config check box to enable configuration file encryption.
Related Topics
Find Phone Security Profile, on page 92
Where to Find More Information About Encrypted Phone File Setup, on page 134
Set Up Manual Key Distribution
The following procedure assumes that:
• The phone exists in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database,
• A compatible firmware load exists on the TFTP server, and
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• You enabled the TFTP Encrypted Config parameter in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration.
Before You Begin
Determine whether your phone supports manual key distribution
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the phone, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
After the Phone Configuration window displays, configure the manual key distribution settings.
See Manual Key Distribution, on page 126 for field descriptions.
Note
Step 3
Step 4
After you have configured the settings, you should not change the
key.
Click Save.
Enter the symmetric key on the phone and then reset the phone.
For information on how to perform these tasks, refer to the phone administration guide that supports your
phone model.
What to Do Next
Enter Phone Symmetric Key, on page 132
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Encrypted Phone File Setup, on page 134
Manual Key Distribution Settings
The following table describes the manual distribution configuration settings in the Phone Configuration
window.
Table 16: Manual Key Distribution Configuration Settings
Setting
Description
Symmetric Key
Enter a string of hexadecimal characters that you want to use for the symmetric
key. Valid characters include numerals, 0-9, and uppercase /lowercase
characters, A-F (or a-f).
Make sure that you enter the correct bits for the key size; otherwise, Cisco
Unified Communications Manager rejects the value. Cisco Unified
Communications Manager supports the following key sizes:
• Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G and 7912G (SIP only)—256 bits
• Cisco Unified IP Phones 7940G and 7960G (SIP only)—128 bits
After the key is configured, you should not change it.
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Setting
Description
Generate String
If you want Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration to
generate a hexadecimal string for you, click the Generate String button.
After the key is configured, you should not change it.
Revert to Database Value
If you want to restore the value that exists in the database, click this button.
Related Topics
Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips, on page 128
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Enter Phone Symmetric Key
Follow this procedure to enter the symmetric key on the phone after you configure manual key distribution
in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Press the Settings button on the phone.
If the configuration is locked, scroll down the Settings menu, highlight Unlock Phone and press the Select
softkey. Enter the phone password and press the Accept softkey.
The phone accepts the password.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Scroll down the Settings menu, highlight Security Configuration, and press the Select softkey.
In the Security Configuration menu, highlight the Set Cfg Encrypt Key option and press the Select softkey.
When prompted for the encryption key, enter the key (in hex). If you need to clear the key, enter 32 zero
digits.
After you have finished entering the key, press the Accept softkey.
The phone accepts the encryption key.
Step 6
Step 7
Reset the phone.
After the phone resets, the phone requests encrypted configuration files.
Verify LSC or MIC Certificate Installation
This procedure applies to Cisco Unified IP Phones that use PKI encryption. To determine whether your phone
supports the method, symmetric key encryption with phone public key (PKI encryption), see the Phone Models
Supporting Encrypted Configuration File, on page 128.
The following procedure assumes that the phone exists in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database
and that you enabled the TFTP Encrypted Config parameter in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration.
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Verify that a manufacture-installed certificate (MIC) or a locally significant certificate (LSC) exists in the
phone.
Tip
By choosing the Troubleshoot option in the CAPF settings section of the Phone Configuration window,
you can verify that an LSC or MIC exists in the phone in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration. The Delete and Troubleshoot options do not display if a certificate does not exist in
the phone.
Tip
You can also verify that an LSC or MIC exists in the phone by checking the security configuration at
the phone. Refer to the Cisco Unified IP Phone administration guides for Cisco Unified IP Phones that
support this version of Cisco Unified Communications Manager for more information.
If a certificate does not exist, install an LSC by using the CAPF functionality in the Phone Configuration
window. For information on how to install a LSC, see topics related to the certificate authority proxy function.
After you configure the CAPF settings, click Save.
In the Phone Configuration window, click Reset. The phone requests an encrypted configuration file from
the TFTP server after the phone resets
Related Topics
Phone Model Support, on page 87
Where to Find More Information About Encrypted Phone File Setup, on page 134
Disable Phone Configuration File Encryption
To disable encryption for the phone configuration files, you must uncheck the TFTP Encrypted Config check
box in the phone security profile in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration and save your
change.
Warning
If digest authentication is True for the phone that is running SIP when the TFTP encrypted configuration
setting is False, digest credentials may get sent in the clear.
After you update the setting, the encryption keys for the phone remain in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database.
Cisco Unified IP Phones 7911G, 7931G (SCCP only), 7941G, 7941G-GE, 7942G, 7945G, 7961G, 7961G-GE,
7962G, 7965G, 7970G, 7971G, 7971G-GE, and 7975G request an encrypted file (.enc.sgn file) when the
encrypted configuration setting gets updated to false, the phone requests an unencrypted, signed file (.sgn
file).
If Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running SCCP: 6901, 6911, 6921, 6941, 6945, 6961, 7906G, 7911G,
7921G, 7925G, 7925G-EX, 7926G, 7931G, 7940G, 7941G, 7941G-GE, 7942G, 7945G, 7960G, 7961G,
7961G-GE, 7962G, 7965G, 7970G, 7971G, 7971G-GE, 7975G, 8941, 8945 and Cisco Unified IP Phones that
are running SIP: 6901, 6911, 6921, 6941, 6945, 6961, 7906G, 7911G, 7941G, 7941G-GE, 7942G, 7961G,
7961G-GE,7962G, 7965G, 7970G, 7971G, 7971G-GE, 7975G, 8941, 8945, 8961, 9971, and 9971 request an
encrypted file when the encryption configuration setting gets updated to False, administrators must remove
the symmetric key from the phone GUI so the phone requests an unencrypted configuration file the next time
that it is reset.
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Tip
For Cisco Unified IP Phones 7940G and 7960G (SIP only), enter a 32-byte 0 as the key value for the
symmetric key at the phone GUI to disable encryption. For Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G and 7912G
(SIP only), delete the symmetric key at the phone GUI to disable encryption. For information on how to
perform these tasks, refer to the phone administration guide that supports your phone model.
Exclude Digest Credentials From Phone Configuration File Download
To exclude digest credentials from the configuration file that is sent to phones after the initial configuration,
check the Exclude Digest Credentials in Configuration File check box for the security profile that is applied
to the phone. Only Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G, 7912G, 7940G, and 7960G (SIP only) support this option.
You may need to uncheck this check box to update the configuration file for changes to digest credentials.
Related Topics
Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips, on page 128
Where to Find More Information About Encrypted Phone File Setup, on page 134
Where to Find More Information About Encrypted Phone File Setup
Related Topics
About Phone Configuration File Encryption, on page 125
Phone Models Supporting Encrypted Configuration File, on page 128
Encrypted Configuration File Setup Tips, on page 128
Set Up Encryption Configuration File, on page 129
Manual Key Distribution Settings, on page 131
Enter Phone Symmetric Key, on page 132
Disable Phone Configuration File Encryption, on page 133
Phone Security Profile Setup Tips, on page 92
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Digest Authentication for SIP Phones Setup
This chapter provides information about digest authentication for SIP phones setup. For additional information
on how digest authentication works for phones that are running SIP, see topics related to digest authentication.
When you enable digest authentication for a phone, Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges all
requests except keepalive messages for phones that are running SIP. Cisco Unified Communications Manager
uses the digest credentials for the end user, as configured in the End User Configuration window, to validate
the credentials that the phone offers.
If the phone supports extension mobility, Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses the digest credentials
for the extension mobility end user, as configured in the End User Configuration window, when the
extension mobility user logs in.
For information about configuring digest authentication for non-Cisco phones that are running SIP, refer to
Appendix C in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
• Set Up SIP Phone Digest Authentication, page 135
• Set Up Digest Authentication Service Parameters, page 136
• Set Up End User Digest Credentials, page 137
• End User Digest Credential Settings, page 137
• Set Up Digest User Using Phone, page 138
• Where to Find More Information About Digest Authentication, page 138
Set Up SIP Phone Digest Authentication
The following procedure provides the tasks used to configure digest authentication for phones that are running
SIP.
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Configure the security profiles for phones that are running SIP; make sure that you check the Enable Digest
Authentication check box.
Apply a security profile to the phone that is running SIP.
If you want to update the default setting, configure service parameters that are related to digest authentication;
for example, configure the SIP Station Realm service parameter.
Configure the digest credentials in the End User Configuration window.
Step 5
Choose the Digest User in the Phone Configuration window.
Choosing a digest user for these phones that are running SIP ensures that the digest credentials get included
in the phone configuration file.
Step 6
On Cisco Unified IP Phones 7940G or 7960G (SIP only), enter the digest credentials that you configured in
the End User Configuration window.
For information on how to enter the authentication name and password on the phone, refer to the Cisco Unified
IP Phone Administrator Guide that supports this version of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Related Topics
Set Up Digest Authentication Service Parameters, on page 136
Set Up End User Digest Credentials, on page 137
End User Digest Credential Settings, on page 137
Set Up Digest User Using Phone, on page 138
Set Up Digest Authentication Service Parameters
You configure the SIP Realm for challenges to phones with the service parameter SIP Station Realm. At
installation, Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides a default setting, ccmsipline. For additional
information on the parameter, click the question mark or the parameter name link that displays in the Service
Parameter Configuration window.
To update digest authentication service parameters, for example, the SIP Realm Station parameter, perform
the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Service Parameters.
From the Server drop-down list box, choose a node where you activated the Cisco CallManager service.
From the Service drop-down list box, choose the Cisco CallManager service. Verify that the word “Active”
displays next to the service name.
Update the SIP Realm Station parameter, as described in the help. To display help for the parameter, click
the question mark or the parameter name link.
Click Save.
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Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Digest Authentication, on page 138
Set Up End User Digest Credentials
The following procedure assumes that the end user exists in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
database. To configure digest credentials for the end user, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the end user, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
After the specific End User Configuration window displays, enter the appropriate settings.
See Table 17: Digest Credentials, on page 137 for field descriptions.
Step 3
Step 4
Click Save.
To configure digest credentials for additional end users, repeat the procedure.
What to Do Next
After you configure digest credentials in the End User Configuration window, choose the digest user for
the phone by accessing the Phone Configuration window.
After you choose the digest user, enter the digest authentication credentials that you get from the End User
Configuration window on the Cisco Unified IP Phone 7960G or 7940G (SIP only).
Related Topics
End User Digest Credential Settings, on page 137
Where to Find More Information About Digest Authentication, on page 138
End User Digest Credential Settings
The following table describes the settings for the digest credential settings in the End User Configuration
window in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Table 17: Digest Credentials
Setting
Description
Digest Credentials
Enter a string of alphanumeric characters.
Confirm Digest Credentials
To confirm that you entered the digest credentials correctly, enter the
credentials in this field.
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Related Topics
Set Up Digest User Using Phone, on page 138
Set Up Digest User Using Phone
To associate a digest user with a phone, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Find the phone, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
After the specific Phone Configuration window displays, locate the Digest User setting and choose the end
user that you want to associate with the phone.
Click Save.
Click Reset.
After you associate the end user with the phone, save the configuration and reset the phone.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Digest Authentication, on page 138
Where to Find More Information About Digest Authentication
Related Topics
Digest Authentication, on page 24
Set Up SIP Phone Digest Authentication, on page 135
End User Digest Credential Settings, on page 137
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Phone Hardening
This chapter provides information about phone hardening. To tighten security on the phone, you can perform
phone hardening tasks in the Phone Configuration window in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration.
• Gratuitous ARP Disable, page 139
• Web Access Disable, page 139
• PC Voice VLAN Access Disable, page 140
• Setting Access Disable, page 140
• PC Port Disable, page 140
• Set Up Phone Hardening, page 140
• Where to Find More Information About Phone Hardening, page 141
Gratuitous ARP Disable
By default, Cisco Unified IP Phones accept Gratuitous ARP packets. Gratuitous ARP packets, which devices
use, announce the presence of the device on the network. However, attackers can use these packets to spoof
a valid network device; for example, an attacker could send out a packet that claims to be the default router.
If you choose to do so, you can disable Gratuitous ARP in the Phone Configuration window.
Note
Disabling this functionality does not prevent the phone from identifying its default router.
Web Access Disable
Disabling the web server functionality for the phone blocks access to the phone internal web pages, which
provide statistics and configuration information. Features, such as Cisco Quality Report Tool, do not function
properly without access to the phone web pages. Disabling the web server also affects any serviceability
application, such as CiscoWorks, that relies on web access.
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To determine whether the web services are disabled, the phone parses a parameter in the configuration file
that indicates whether the services are disabled or enabled. If the web services are disabled, the phone does
not open the HTTP port 80 for monitoring purposes and blocks access to the phone internal web pages.
PC Voice VLAN Access Disable
By default,Cisco Unified IP Phones forward all packets that are received on the switch port (the one that faces
the upstream switch) to the PC port. If you choose to disable the PC Voice VLAN Access setting in the Phone
Configuration window, packets that are received from the PC port that use voice VLAN functionality will
drop. Various Cisco Unified IP Phones use this functionality differently.
• Cisco Unified IP Phones 7940G and 7960G drop any packets that are tagged with the voice VLAN, in
or out of the PC port.
• Cisco Unified IP Phone 7970G drops any packet that contains an 802.1Q tag on any VLAN, in or out
of the PC port.
• Cisco Unified IP Phone 7912G cannot perform this functionality.
Setting Access Disable
By default, pressing the Settings button on a Cisco Unified IP Phone provides access to a variety of information,
including phone configuration information. Disabling the Setting Access setting in the Phone Configuration
window prohibits access to all options that normally display when you press the Settings button on the phone;
for example, the Contrast, Ring Type, Network Configuration, Model Information, and Status settings.
The preceding settings do not display on the phone if you disable the setting in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration. If you disable this setting, the phone user cannot save the settings that are associated
with the Volume button; for example, the user cannot save the volume.
Disabling this setting automatically saves the current Contrast, Ring Type, Network Configuration, Model
Information, Status, and Volume settings that exist on the phone. To change these phone settings, you must
enable the Setting Access setting in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
PC Port Disable
By default, Cisco Unified Communications Manager enables the PC port on all Cisco Unified IP Phones that
have a PC port. If you choose to do so, you can disable the PC Port setting in the Phone Configuration window.
Disabling the PC port proves useful for lobby or conference room phones.
Set Up Phone Hardening
Caution
The following procedure disables functionality for the phone.
To disable functionality for the phone, perform the following procedure:
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Device > Phone.
Specify the criteria to find the phone and click Find or click Find to display a list of all phones.
To open the Phone Configuration window for the device, click the device name.
Step 4
Locate the following product-specific parameters:
a) PC Port
b) Settings Access
c) Gratuitous ARP
d) PC Voice VLAN Access
e) Web Access
Tip
To review information on these settings, click the question mark that displays next to the parameters
in the Phone Configuration window.
Step 5
From the drop-down list box for each parameter that you want to disable, choose Disabled. To disable the
speakerphone or speakerphone and headset, check the corresponding check boxes.
Click Save.
Click Reset.
Step 6
Step 7
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Phone Hardening, on page 141
Where to Find More Information About Phone Hardening
Related Topics
Gratuitous ARP Disable, on page 139
Web Access Disable, on page 139
PC Voice VLAN Access Disable, on page 140
Setting Access Disable, on page 140
PC Port Disable, on page 140
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Secure Conference Resources Setup
This chapter provides information about secure conference resources setup.
• Secure Conference, page 143
• Conference Bridge Requirements, page 144
• Secure Conference Icons, page 145
• Secure Conference Status, page 146
• Cisco Unified IP Phone Secure Conference and Icon Support, page 148
• Secure Conference CTI Support, page 149
• Secure Conference Over Trunks and Gateways, page 149
• CDR Data, page 149
• Interactions and Restrictions, page 149
• Securing Conference Resources Tips, page 151
• Set Up Secure Conference Bridge, page 152
• Set Up Secure Conference Bridge in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, page
153
• Set Up Minimum Security Level for Meet-Me Conferences, page 153
• Set Up Packet Capturing for Secure Conference Bridge, page 154
• Where to Find More Information About Secure Conferences Resources, page 154
Secure Conference
The Secure Conferencing feature provides authentication and encryption to secure a conference. A conference
gets considered secure when all participating devices have encrypted signaling and media. The secure conference
feature supports SRTP encryption over a secure TLS or IPSec connection.
The system provides a security icon for the overall security status of the conference, which is determined by
the lowest security level of the participating devices. For example, a secure conference that includes two
encrypted connections and one authenticated connection has a conference security status of authenticated.
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Conference Bridge Requirements
To configure secure ad hoc and meet-me conferences, you configure a secure conference bridge.
• If a user initiates a conference call from a phone that is authenticated or encrypted, Cisco Unified
Communications Manager allocates the secure conference bridge
• If a user initiates a call from a phone that is nonsecure, Cisco Unified Communications Manager allocates
a nonsecure conference bridge.
When you configure conference bridge resources as nonsecure, the conference remains nonsecure, regardless
of the security configuration for the phone.
Note
Cisco Unified Communications Manager allocates a conference bridge from the Media Resource Group
List (MRGL) for the phone that is initiating the conference. If a secure conference bridge is not available,
Cisco Unified Communications Manager assigns a nonsecure conference bridge, and the conference is
nonsecure. Likewise, if a nonsecure conference bridge is not available, Cisco Unified Communications
Manager assigns a secure conference bridge, and the conference is nonsecure. If no conference bridge is
available, the call will fail.
For meet-me conference calls, the phone that initiates the conference must also meet the minimum security
requirement that is configured for the meet-me number. If no secure conference bridge is available or if the
initiator security level does not meet the minimum, Cisco Unified Communications Manager rejects the
conference attempt.
To secure conferences with barge, configure phones to use encrypted mode. After the Barge key is pressed
and if the device is authenticated or encrypted, Cisco Unified Communications Manager establishes a secure
connection between the barging party and the built-in bridge at the target device. The system provides a
conference security status for all connected parties in the barge call.
Note
Nonsecure or authenticated Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running release 8.3 or later can now barge
encrypted calls.
Related Topics
Meet-Me Conference with Minimum Security Level, on page 147
Conference Bridge Requirements
A conference bridge can register as a secure media resource when you add a hardware conference bridge to
your network and configure a secure conference bridge in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration.
Note
Due to the performance impact to Cisco Unified Communications Manager processing, Cisco does not
support secure conferencing on software conference bridge.
A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) farm, which provides conferencing on a H.323 or MGCP gateway, acts as
the network resource for IP telephony conferencing. The conference bridge registers to Cisco Unified
Communications Manager as a secure SCCP client.
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• The conference bridge root certificate must exist in CallManager trust store, and the Cisco CallManager
certificate must exist in the conference bridge trust store.
• The secure conference bridge security setting must match the security setting in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager to register.
For more information about conferencing routers, refer to the IOS router documentation that is provided with
your router.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager assigns conference resources to calls on a dynamic basis. The
available conference resource and the enabled codec provide the maximum number of concurrent, secure
conferences allowed per router. Because transmit and receive streams are individually keyed for each
participating endpoint (so no rekeying is necessary when a participant leaves the conference), the total secure
conference capacity for a DSP module equals one-half the nonsecure capacity that you can configure.
See “Understanding Conference Devices” in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager System Guide for
more information.
Secure Conference Icons
Cisco Unified IP Phones display a conference security icon for the security level of the entire conference.
These icons match the status icons for a secure two-party call, as described in the user documentation for your
phone.
The audio and video portions of the call provide the basis for the conference security level. The call gets
considered secure only if both the audio and video portions are secure.
For ad hoc and meet-me secure conferences, the security icon for the conference displays next to the conference
softkey in the phone window for conference participants. The icon that displays depends on the security level
of the conference bridge and all participants:
• A lock icon displays if the conference bridge is secure and all participants in the conference are encrypted.
• A shield icon displays if the conference bridge is secure and all participants in the conference are
authenticated. Some phone models do not display the shield icon.
• When the conference bridge or any participant in the conference is nonsecure, the call state icon (active,
hold, and so on) displays, or, on some older phone models, no icon displays.
Note
The “Override BFCP Application Encryption Status When Designating Call Security Status” service
parameter displays the lock icon when parameter value is True and audio is secure. This condition ignores
the security statuses of all other media channels. The default parameter value is False.
When an encrypted phone connects to a secure conference bridge, the media streaming between the device
and the conference bridge gets encrypted; however, the icon for the conference can be encrypted, authenticated,
or nonsecure depending on the security levels of the other participants. A nonsecure status indicates that one
of the parties is not secure or cannot be verified.
When a user presses Barge, the icon that displays next to the Barge softkey provides the security level for the
barge conference. If the barging device and the barged device support encryption, the system encrypts the
media between the two devices, but the barge conference status can be nonsecure, authenticated, or encrypted,
depending on the security levels of the connected parties.
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Secure Conference Status
Conference status can change as participants enter and leave the conference. An encrypted conference can
revert to a security level of authenticated or nonsecure if an authenticated or nonsecure participant connects
to the call. Likewise, the status can upgrade if an authenticated or nonsecure participant drops off the call. A
nonsecure participant that connects to a conference call renders the conference nonsecure.
Conference status can also change when participants chain conferences together, when the security status for
a chained conference changes, when a held conference call is resumed on another device, when a conference
call gets barged, or when a transferred conference call completes to another device.
Note
The Advanced Ad Hoc Conference Enabled service parameter determines whether ad hoc conferences
can be linked together by using features such as conference, join, direct transfer, and transfer.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides these options to maintain a secure conference:
• Ad hoc conference lists
• Meet-Me conference with minimum security level
Related Topics
Ad Hoc Conference Lists, on page 146
Meet-Me Conference with Minimum Security Level, on page 147
Ad Hoc Conference Lists
A conference list displays on participating phones when the ConfList softkey is pressed during a conference
call. The conference list provides the conference status as well as the security status for each participant to
identify participants that are not encrypted.
Conference list displays these security icons: nonsecure, authenticated, encrypted, held. The conference
initiator can use the conference list to eject participants with a low security status.
Note
The Advanced Ad Hoc Conference Enabled service parameter determines whether conference participants
other than the conference initiator can eject conference participants.
As participants join the conference, they get added to the top of the conference list. To remove nonsecure
participants from a secure conference with the ConfList and RmLstC softkeys, refer to the user documentation
for your phone.
The following sections describe secure ad hoc conference interactions with other features.
Secure Ad Hoc Conference and Conference Chaining
When an ad hoc conference is chained to another ad hoc conference, the chained conference displays in the
list as member “Conference” with its own security status. Cisco Unified Communications Manager includes
the security level for the chained conference to determine the overall conference security status.
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Secure Ad Hoc Conference and cBarge
When a user presses the cBarge softkey to join an active conference, Cisco Unified Communications Manager
creates an ad hoc conference and allocates a conference bridge according to the security level and MRGL of
the barged device. The cbarge member names display in the conference list.
Secure Ad Hoc Conference and Barge
If a participant in a secure ad hoc conference gets barged, the barge call security status shows in the conference
list next to the barge target. The security icon for the barge target may show authenticated when, in fact, the
media is encrypted between the barge target and the conference bridge, because the barge caller has an
authenticated connection.
If the barge target is secure but in an unsecured ad hoc conference, if the ad hoc conference status later changes
to secure, the barge caller icon will update as well.
Secure Ad Hoc Conference and Join
Authenticated or encrypted phone users can use the Join softkey at a Cisco Unified IP Phone (only phones
that are running SCCP) to create or join a secure ad hoc conference. If a user presses Join to add a participant
with an unknown security status to an existing conference, Cisco Unified Communications Manager downgrades
the conference status to unknown. A participant who adds a new member with Join becomes the conference
initiator and can eject the new member or any other participant from the conference list (if the Advanced Ad
Hoc Conference Enabled setting is True).
Secure Ad Hoc Conference and Hold/Resume
When a conference initiator puts the conference call on hold to add a participant, the conference status remains
unknown (nonsecure) until the added participant answers the call. After the new participant answers, conference
status updates in the conference list.
If a caller on a shared line resumes a held conference call at another phone, the conference list updates when
the caller presses Resume.
Meet-Me Conference with Minimum Security Level
As administrator, you can specify a minimum security level for a conference when you configure a meet-me
pattern or number as nonsecure, authenticated, or encrypted. Participants must meet the minimum security
requirement, or the system blocks the participant and drops the call. This action applies to meet-me conference
call transfers, resumed meet-me conference calls on shared lines, and chained Meet-Me conferences.
The phone that initiates the meet-me conference must meet the minimum security level, or the system rejects
the attempt. When the minimum security level specifies authenticated or encrypted and a secure conference
bridge is not available, the call fails.
If you specify nonsecure as the minimum level for the conference bridge, the conference bridge accepts all
calls, and the conference status is nonsecure.
The following sections describe secure meet-me conference interactions with other features.
Meet-Me Conference and Ad Hoc Conference
To add a meet-me conference to an ad hoc conference or add an ad hoc conference to a meet-me conference,
the ad hoc conference must meet the minimum security level for the meet-me conference, or the call is dropped.
The conference icon can change when the conference gets added.
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Meet-Me Conference and Barge
Unless a barge caller meets the minimum security requirement when the caller barges a meet-me conference
participant, the security level of the barged device downgrades, and both the barge caller and the barged call
get dropped.
Meet-Me Conference and Hold/Resume
A phone on a shared line cannot resume a meet-me conference unless the phone meets the minimum security
level. If a phone does not meet the minimum security level, all phones on the shared line get blocked when
the user presses Resume.
Related Topics
Set Up Minimum Security Level for Meet-Me Conferences, on page 153
Cisco Unified IP Phone Secure Conference and Icon Support
These Cisco Unified IP Phones support secure conference and secure conference icons:
• Cisco Unified IP Phones 7940G and 7960G (SCCP only, authenticated secure conference only)
• Cisco Unified IP Phones 6901, 6911, 6921, 6941, 6945, 6961, 7906G, 7911G, 7921G, 7925G, 7925G-EX,
7926G, 7931G, 7940G, 7941G, 7941G-GE, 7942G, 7945G, 7960G, 7961G, 7961G-GE, 7962G, 7965G,
7970G, 7971G, 7971G-GE, 7975G, 8941, and 8945. (SCCP only)
• Cisco Unified IP Phones 6901, 6911, 6921, 6941, 6945, 6961, 7906G, 7911G, 7941G, 7941G-GE,
7942G, 7961G, 7961G-GE,7962G, 7965G, 7970G, 7971G, 7971G-GE, 7975G, 8941, 8945, 8961, 9971,
and 9971.
Warning
To obtain the full benefit of secure conference features, Cisco recommends upgrading Cisco Unified IP
Phones to release 8.3, which supports the encryption features in this release. Encrypted phones that run
earlier releases do not fully support these new features. These phones can only participate in secure
conference as authenticated or nonsecure participants.
Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running release 8.3 with an earlier release of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager will display their connection security status, not the conference security status,
during a conference call, and do not support secure conference features like conference list.
See topics related to Cisco Unified Communications Manager secure conference restrictions for more restrictions
that apply to Cisco Unified IP Phones.
For additional information about secure conference calls and security icons, refer to your phone user guide
and the Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager that
supports this Cisco Unified Communications Manager release.
Related Topics
Restrictions, on page 11
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Secure Conference CTI Support
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports secure conference over licensed CTI devices. Refer to the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager JTAPI Developers Guide and Cisco Unified Communications
Manager TAPI Developers Guide for this release for more information.
Secure Conference Over Trunks and Gateways
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports secure conference over intracluster trunks (ICTs), H.323
trunks/gateways, and MGCP gateways; however, encrypted phones that are running release 8.2 or earlier will
revert to RTP for ICT and H.323 calls, and the media does not get encrypted.
If a conference involves a SIP trunk, the secure conference status is nonsecure. In addition, SIP trunk signaling
does not support secure conference notifications to off-cluster participants.
CDR Data
CDR data provides the security status of each call leg from the phone endpoint to the conference bridge as
well as the security status of the conference itself. The two values use two different fields inside the CDR
database.
CDR data provides termination cause code 58 (Bearer capability not presently available) when a meet-me
conference rejects a join attempt that does not meet the minimum security level requirement. See the CDR
Analysis and Reporting Administration Guide for more information.
Interactions and Restrictions
This section contains information on the following topics:
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Interactions with Secure Conference, on page 149
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Restrictions with Secure Conference, on page 150
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Interactions with Secure Conference
This section describes Cisco Unified Communications Manager interactions with the secure conference feature.
• To keep a conference secure, if a participant in a secure ad hoc conference puts a call on hold or parks
the call, the system does not play MOH, even if the Suppress MOH to Conference Bridge service
parameter is set to False. The secure conference status does not change.
• In intercluster environments, if an off-cluster conference participant presses hold in a secure ad hoc
conference, the media stream to the device stops, MOH plays, and the media status changes to unknown.
If the off-cluster participant resumes a held call with MOH, the conference status may upgrade.
• A secure MeetMe call across an intercluster trunk (ICT) will clear if the remote user invokes a phone
feature such a hold/resume, which changes the media status to unknown.
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• Annunciator tones or announcements for Cisco Unified Communications Manager Multilevel Precedence
and Preemption that play on a participant phone during a secure ad hoc conference change the conference
status to nonsecure.
• If a caller barges a secure SCCP phone call, the system uses an internal tone-playing mechanism at the
target device, and the conference status remains secure.
• If a caller barges a secure SIP phone call, the system provides tone-on-hold, and the conference status
remains nonsecure during the tone.
• If a conference is secure and RSVP is enabled, the conference remains secure.
• For conference calls that involve the PSTN, the security conference icon shows the security status for
only the IP domain portion of the call.
• The Maximum Call Duration Timer service parameter also controls the maximum conference duration.
• Conference bridge supports packet capture. During a packet capture session, the phone displays a
nonsecure status for the conference, even if the media stream is encrypted.
• The media security policy that is configured for your system may alter secure conference behavior; for
example, an endpoint will use media security according to the system media security policy, even when
participating in a conference call with endpoints that do no support media security.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Restrictions with Secure Conference
This section describes Cisco Unified Communications Manager restrictions with secure conferencing feature.
• Encrypted Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running release 8.2 or earlier can only participate in a secure
conference as authenticated or nonsecure participants.
• Cisco Unified IP Phones that are running release 8.3 with an earlier release of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager will display their connection security status, not the conference security
status, during a conference call and do not support secure conference features like conference list.
• Cisco Unified IP Phones 7905G and 7911G do not support conference list.
• Due to bandwidth requirements, Cisco Unified IP Phones 7940G and 7960G do not support barge from
an encrypted device on an active encrypted call. The barge attempt will fail.
• Cisco Unified IP Phone 7931G does not support conference chaining.
• Phones that are calling over SIP trunks get treated as nonsecure phones, regardless of their device security
status.
• If a secure phone attempts to join a secure meet-me conference over a SIP trunk, the call gets dropped.
Because SIP trunks do not support providing the “device not authorized” message to a phone that is
running SIP, the phone does not update with this message. In addition, 7960G phones that are running
SIP do not support the “device not authorized” message.
• In intercluster environments, the conference list does not display for off-cluster participants; however,
the security status for the connection displays next to the Conference softkey as long as the connection
between the clusters supports it. For example, for H.323 ICT connections, the authentication icon does
not display (the system treats the authenticated connection as nonsecure), but the encryption icon displays
for an encrypted connection.
Off-cluster participants can create their own conference that connects to another cluster across the cluster
boundary. The system treats the connected conferences as a basic, two-party call.
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Securing Conference Resources Tips
Consider the following information before you configure secure conference bridge resources:
• Use localization if you want the phone to display custom text for secure conference messages. Refer to
the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Locale Installer documentation for more information.
• The conference or built-in bridge must support encryption to secure conference calls.
• To enable secure conference bridge registration, set the cluster security mode to mixed mode.
• Ensure the phone that initiates a conference is authenticated or encrypted to procure a secure conference
bridge.
• To maintain conference integrity on shared lines, do not configure devices that share a line with different
security modes; for example, do not configure an encrypted phone to share a line with an authenticated
or nonsecure phone.
• Do not use SIP trunks as ICTs when you want to share conference security status between clusters.
• If you set the cluster security mode to mixed mode, the security mode that is configured for the DSP
farm (nonsecure or encrypted) must match the conference bridge security mode in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration, or the conference bridge cannot register. The conference
bridge registers as encrypted when both security modes specify encrypted; the conference bridge registers
as nonsecure when both security modes specify nonsecure.
• If you set the cluster security mode to mixed mode, if the security profile you applied to the conference
bridge is encrypted, but the conference bridge security level is nonsecure, Cisco Unified Communications
Manager rejects conference bridge registration.
• If you set the cluster security mode to nonsecure mode, configure the security mode at the DSP farm as
nonsecure, so the conference bridge can register. The conference bridge registers as nonsecure even if
the setting in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration specifies encrypted.
• During registration, the conference bridge must pass authentication. To pass authentication, the DSP
farm must contain the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificate, and Cisco Unified
Communications Manager must contain certificates for the DSP farm system and the DSP connection.
To ensure the conference bridge passes authentication, the X509 certification name must contain the
conference bridge name.
• If conference bridge certificates expire or change for any reason, use the certificate management feature
in Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration to update the certificates in the
trusted store. The TLS authentication fails when certificates do not match, and conference bridge does
not work because it cannot register to Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
• The secure conference bridge registers to Cisco Unified Communications Manager through TLS
connection at port 2443; a nonsecure conference bridge registers to Cisco Unified Communications
Manager through TCP connection at port 2000.
• Changing the device security mode for the conference bridge requires a reset of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager devices and a restart of the Cisco CallManager service.
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Set Up Secure Conference Bridge
The following procedure provides the tasks used to add secure conferencing to your network.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Verify that you installed and configured the Cisco CTL Client for Mixed Mode.
Verify that you configured the DSP farm security settings for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
connection, including adding the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificate to the trust store. Set
the DSP farm security level to encrypted.
Refer to the documentation for your conference bridge.
The DSP farm establishes the TLS port connection to Cisco Unified Communications Manager on
port 2443.
Verify the DSP farm certificate is in the CallManager trust store.
To add the certificate, use the certificate management function in the Cisco Unified Communications Operating
System to copy the DSP certificate to the trusted store in Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Tip
Step 3
When you have finished copying the certificate, restart the Cisco CallManager service on the server.
For more information, see the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide and the Cisco
Unified Serviceability Administration Guide.
Be sure to copy the certificate to each server in the cluster and restart the Cisco CallManager service
on each server in the cluster.
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, configure Cisco IOS Enhanced Conference
Bridge as the conference bridge type and select Encrypted Conference Bridge for device security mode.
Tip
When you upgrade to this release, Cisco Unified Communications Manager automatically assigns a
nonsecure conference bridge security profile to Cisco IOS Enhanced Conference Bridge configurations.
Configure a minimum security level for Meet-Me Conferences.
Tip
When you upgrade to this release, Cisco Unified Communications Manager automatically assigns a
minimum security level of nonsecure to all Meet Me patterns.
Configure packet capturing for the secure conference bridge.
See the Troubleshooting Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager for more information.
Tip
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Tip
Set packet capture mode to batch mode and capture tier to
SRTP.
Related Topics
Securing Conference Resources Tips, on page 151
Set Up Minimum Security Level for Meet-Me Conferences, on page 153
Set Up Packet Capturing for Secure Conference Bridge, on page 154
Set Up Secure Conference Bridge in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, on page
153
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Set Up Secure Conference Bridge in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration
To configure a secure conference bridge in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, perform
the following procedure. After you configure encryption for the conference bridge, you must reset Cisco
Unified Communications Manager devices and restart the Cisco CallManager service.
Ensure that you installed certificates in Cisco Unified Communications Manager and in the DSP farm to
secure the connection between the devices.
Before You Begin
Before You Begin
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Choose Media Resources > Conference Bridge.
In the Find and List Conference Bridges window, verify that a Cisco IOS Enhanced Conference Bridge is
installed and go to Set Up Secure Conference Bridge, on page 152.
If the device does not exist in the database, click Add New; go to Set Up Secure Conference Bridge in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration, on page 153.
In the Conference Bridge Configuration window, select Cisco IOS Enhanced Conference Bridge in the
Conference Bridge Type drop-down list box. Configure the Conference Bridge Name, Description, Device
Pool, Common Device Configuration, and Location settings as described in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration Guide.
In the Device Security Mode field, select Encrypted Conference Bridge.
Click Save.
Click Reset.
What to Do Next
To perform additional conference bridge configuration tasks, you can jump to the Meet-Me/Number Pattern
Configuration window or the Service Parameter Configuration window by selecting the option from the
Related Links drop-down list box and clicking Go.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Secure Conferences Resources, on page 154
Set Up Minimum Security Level for Meet-Me Conferences
To configure a minimum security level for Meet-Me conferences, perform the following procedure.
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Choose Call Routing > Meet-Me Number/Pattern.
In the Find and List Conference Bridges window, verify that the Meet-Me number/pattern is configured and
go to Set Up Secure Conference Bridge, on page 152.
If the Meet-Me number/pattern is not configured, click Add New; go to Set Up Minimum Security Level for
Meet-Me Conferences, on page 153.
In the Meet-Me Number Configuration window, enter a Meet-Me number or range in the Directory Number
or Pattern field. Configure the Description and Partition settings as described in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration Guide.
In the Minimum Security Level field, select Non Secure, Authenticated, or Encrypted.
Click Save.
What to Do Next
If you have not yet installed a secure conference bridge, install and configure a secure conference bridge.
Related Topics
Set Up Secure Conference Bridge in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, on page
153
Where to Find More Information About Secure Conferences Resources, on page 154
Set Up Packet Capturing for Secure Conference Bridge
To configure packet capturing for a secure conference bridge, enable packet capturing in the Service Parameter
Configuration window; then, set the packet capture mode to batch mode and capture tier to SRTP for the
phone, gateway, or trunk in the device configuration window. Refer to the Troubleshooting Guide for Cisco
Unified Communications Manager for more information.
During a packet capture session, the phone displays a nonsecure status for the conference, even if the media
stream is encrypted.
Where to Find More Information About Secure Conferences Resources
Related Topics
System Requirements, on page 7
Interactions and Restrictions, on page 10
Certificates, on page 18
Set Up Authentication and Encryption, on page 30
Secure Conference, on page 143
Conference Bridge Requirements, on page 144
Secure Conference Icons, on page 145
Secure Conference Status, on page 146
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Cisco Unified IP Phone Secure Conference and Icon Support, on page 148
Secure Conference CTI Support, on page 149
Secure Conference Over Trunks and Gateways, on page 149
Interactions and Restrictions, on page 149
Securing Conference Resources Tips, on page 151
Set Up Secure Conference Bridge, on page 152
Set Up Packet Capturing for Secure Conference Bridge, on page 154
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15
Voice-Messaging Ports Security Setup
This chapter provides information about voice-messaging ports security setup.
• Voice-Messaging Security, page 157
• Voice-Messaging Security Setup Tips, page 158
• Set Up Secure Voice-Messaging Port, page 159
• Apply Security Profile to Single Voice-Messaging Port, page 159
• Apply Security Profile Using Voice Mail Port Wizard, page 160
• Where to Find More Information About Voice-messaging Security, page 161
Voice-Messaging Security
To configure security for Cisco Unified Communications Manager voice-messaging ports and Cisco Unity
devices that are running SCCP or Cisco Unity Connection devices that are running SCCP, you choose a secure
device security mode for the port. If you choose an authenticated voice mail port, a TLS connection opens,
which authenticates the devices by using a mutual certificate exchange (each device accepts the certificate of
the other device). If you choose encrypted voice mail port, the system first authenticates the devices and then
sends encrypted voice streams between the devices.
• For Cisco Unity or Cisco Unity Connection 1.2 or earlier, the Cisco Unity Unified CM TSP connects
to Cisco Unified Communications Manager through the TLS port when the device security mode equals
authenticated or encrypted. When the device security mode equals nonsecure, the Cisco Unity Unified CM
TSP connects to Cisco Unified Communications Manager through the SCCP port.
• Cisco Unity Connection 2.0 or later connects to Cisco Unified Communications Manager through the
TLS port. When the device security mode equals nonsecure, Cisco Unity Connection connects to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager through the SCCP port.
Note
In this chapter, the use of the term “server” refers to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager server.
The use of the phrase “voice-mail server” refers to a Cisco Unity server or to a Cisco Unity Connection
server.
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Voice-Messaging Security Setup Tips
Consider the following information before you configure security:
• You must run Cisco Unity 4.0(5) or later with this version of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
• You must run Cisco Unity Connection 1.2 or later with this version of Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
• For Cisco Unity, you must perform security tasks by using the Cisco Unity Telephony Integration
Manager (UTIM); for Cisco Unity Connection, you must perform security tasks by using Cisco Unity
Connection Administration. For information on how to perform these tasks, refer to the applicable Cisco
Unified Communications Manager integration guide for Cisco Unity or for Cisco Unity Connection.
• In addition to the procedures that are described in this chapter, you must use the certificate management
feature in Cisco Unified Communications Operating System to save the Cisco Unity certificate to the
trusted store.
For more information, see the “To Add Voice Messaging Ports in Cisco Unity Connection Administration”
procedure in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager SCCP Integration Guide for Cisco Unity
Connection at the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/voice_ip_comm/connection/10x/integration/guide/cucm_sccp/guide/
cucintcucmskinny230.html
After you copy the certificate, you must restart the Cisco CallManager service on each Cisco Unified
Communications Manager server in the cluster.
• If Cisco Unity certificates expire or change for any reason, use the certificate management feature in
the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide to update the certificates
in the trusted store. The TLS authentication fails when certificates do not match, and voice messaging
does not work because it cannot register to Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
• When configuring voice-mail server ports, you must select a device security mode.
• The setting that you specify in the Cisco Unity Telephony Integration Manager (UTIM) or in Cisco
Unity Connection Administration must match the voice-messaging port device security mode that is
configured in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. In Cisco Unity Connection
Administration, you apply the device security mode to the voice-messaging port in the Voice Mail Port
Configuration window (or in the Voice Mail Port Wizard).
Tip
If the device security mode settings do not match, the voice-mail server ports fail to register with Cisco
Unified Communications Manager, and the voice-mail server cannot accept calls on those ports.
• Changing the security profile for the port requires a reset of Cisco Unified Communications Manager
devices and a restart of the voice-mail server software. If you apply a security profile in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration that uses a different device security mode than the previous
profile, you must change the setting on the voice-mail server.
• You cannot change the Device Security Mode for existing voice-mail servers through the Voice Mail
Port Wizard. If you add ports to an existing voice-mail server, the device security mode that is currently
configured for the profile automatically applies to the new ports.
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Set Up Secure Voice-Messaging Port
The following procedure provides the tasks used to configure security for voice-messaging ports.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Verify that you installed and configured the Cisco CTL Client for Mixed Mode.
Verify that you configured the phones for authentication or encryption.
Use the certificate management feature in Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration
to copy the Cisco Unity certificate to the trusted store on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server;
then restart the Cisco CallManager service.
For more information, see the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide and
Cisco Unified Serviceability Administration Guide.
Activate the Cisco CTL Provider service on each Cisco Unified Communications Manager server in
the cluster; then restart the Cisco CallManager service on all servers.
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, configure the device security mode for the
voice-messaging ports.
Perform security-related configuration tasks for Cisco Unity or Cisco Unity Connection voice-messaging
ports; for example, configure Cisco Unity to point to the Cisco TFTP server.
For more information, see Cisco Unified Communications Manager Integration Guide for Cisco Unity or for
Cisco Unity Connection
Tip
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Reset the devices in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration and restart the Cisco Unity
software.
For more information, see the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Integration Guide for Cisco Unity or
for Cisco Unity Connection.
Related Topics
Apply Security Profile to Single Voice-Messaging Port, on page 159
Apply Security Profile Using Voice Mail Port Wizard, on page 160
Voice-Messaging Security Setup Tips, on page 158
Apply Security Profile to Single Voice-Messaging Port
To apply a security profile to a single voice-messaging port, perform the following procedure.
This procedure assumes that you added the device to the database and installed a certificate in the phone, if
a certificate does not already exist. After you apply a security profile for the first time or if you change the
security profile, you must reset the device.
Before You Begin
Before you apply a security profile, review topics related to voice-messaging security and secure
voice-messaging port setup.
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Find the voice-messaging port, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
Guide.
After the configuration window for the port displays, locate the Device Security Mode setting. From the
drop-down list box, choose the security mode that you want to apply to the port. The database predefines
these options. The default value specifies Not Selected.
Click Save.
Click Reset.
Related Topics
Voice-Messaging Security, on page 157
Voice-Messaging Security Setup Tips, on page 158
Where to Find More Information About Voice-messaging Security, on page 161
Apply Security Profile Using Voice Mail Port Wizard
Use this procedure to apply the Device Security Mode setting in the Voice Mail Port Wizard for a new
voice-mail server.
To change the security setting for an existing voice-mail server, see topics related to applying the security
profile to a single voice-messaging port.
Before You Begin
Before you apply a security profile, review topics related to voice-messaging security and secure
voice-messaging port setup.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Voice Mail > Cisco Voice Mail Port
Wizard.
Enter the name of the voice-mail server; click Next.
Choose the number of ports that you want to add; click Next.
In the Cisco Voice Mail Device Information window, choose a Device Security Mode from the drop-down
list box. The database predefines these options. The default value specifies Not Selected.
Step 5
Configure the other device settings, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
Guide. Click Next.
Step 6
Continue the configuration process, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
Guide. When the Summary window displays, click Finish.
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Related Topics
Apply Security Profile to Single Voice-Messaging Port, on page 159
Voice-Messaging Security, on page 157
Voice-Messaging Security Setup Tips, on page 158
Where to Find More Information About Voice-messaging Security, on page 161
Where to Find More Information About Voice-messaging Security
Related Topics
System Requirements, on page 7
Interactions and Restrictions, on page 10
Certificates, on page 18
Set Up Authentication and Encryption, on page 30
Voice-Messaging Security, on page 157
Voice-Messaging Security Setup Tips, on page 158
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16
Call Secure Status Policy
• About Call Secure Status Policy, page 163
• Setup Call Secure Status Policy, page 164
About Call Secure Status Policy
Call Secure Status Policy controls display of secure status icon on phones. The following are the policy options:
• All media except BFCP and iX application streams must be encrypted
This is the default value. The security status of the call is not dependent on the encryption status of BFCP
and iX application streams.
• All media except iX application streams must be encrypted
The security status of the call is not dependent on the encryption status iX application streams.
• All media except BFCP application streams must be encrypted
The security status of the call is not dependent on the encryption status BFCP.
• All media in a session must be encrypted
The security status of the call is dependent on the encryption status of all the media streams of an
established phone session.
• Only Audio must be encrypted
The security status of the call is dependent on the encryption of the audio stream.
Note
Changes to the policy impacts display of the secure icon and playing of secure tone on the phone.
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Setup Call Secure Status Policy
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Find the Call Secure Status Policy service parameter, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration Guide.
From the Secure Call Icon Display Policy drop-down list, choose a policy option.
A warning message with the impact on video calls and secure tone is displayed.
Click Save
The window refreshes, and Cisco Unified Communications Manager updates the service parameter with your
changes.
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17
Secure Call Monitoring and Recording Setup
This chapter provides information about secure call monitoring and recording setup.
• About Secure Call Monitoring and Recording Setup, page 165
• Set Up Secure Call Monitoring and Recording, page 165
About Secure Call Monitoring and Recording Setup
Secure calls can be monitored and recorded, as described in this section:
• A supervisor can establish a secured monitoring session for a secured or a non-secured call.
• The call security of the original call is never impacted or downgraded as a result of a call monitoring
request.
• The monitoring call is allowed to proceed only when it can be established and maintained at the same
security level as the device capability of the agent.
• The original call between the agent and customer must have different crypto keys than that of monitoring
call. In a monitoring session, the system encrypts the mixed voices of the agent and customer with the
new key first before sending to the supervisor.
Note
The system does not support secure recording on authenticated phones.
Set Up Secure Call Monitoring and Recording
To configure Secure Call Monitoring and Recording, use the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Provision secure capability on agent and supervisor phones.
Create a secure SIP trunk with the following configuration:
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• Set the Device Security Mode to Encrypted.
• Check the Transmit Security Status check box.
• Check the SRTP Allowed check box.
• Configure the TLS SIP trunk to the recorder.
Step 3
Configure monitoring and recording, in the same way you would for non-secure monitoring and recording.
a) Configure a built-in bridge for the agent phone.
b) Configure the Recording Option (Automatic Call Recording Enabled and Application Invoked Call
Recording Enabled.) using the DN page on the agent phone.
c) Create a route pattern for the recorder.
d) Add a call recording profile to the DN.
e) Provision monitoring and recording tones as needed.
For more information and detailed procedures, see the “Monitoring and Recording” chapter in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Features and Services Guide.
Related Topics
Set Up Phone Security, on page 89
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III
Virtual Private Networks for Cisco Unified IP
Phones
• Virtual Private Network Setup, page 169
• VPN Gateway Setup, page 185
• VPN Group Setup, page 189
• VPN Profile Setup, page 193
• VPN Feature Setup, page 197
CHAPTER
18
Virtual Private Network Setup
This chapter provides information about virtual private network setup.
• Virtual Private Network, page 169
• Devices Supporting VPN, page 170
• Set Up VPN Feature, page 170
• Complete Cisco IOS Prerequisites, page 171
• Configure Cisco IOS SSL VPN to Support IP Phones , page 171
• Sample IOS Setup, page 173
• Complete ASA Prerequisites for AnyConnect, page 176
• Configure ASA for VPN Client on IP Phone, page 177
• Sample ASA Setup, page 179
Virtual Private Network
Note
The VPN menu and its options are not available in the U.S. export unrestricted version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
The Cisco VPN Client for Cisco Unified IP Phones adds another option for customers attempting to solve the
remote telecommuter problem by complementing other Cisco remote telecommuting offerings.
• Easy to Deploy—All settings configured via CUCM administration.
• Easy to Use—After configuring the phone within the Enterprise, the user can take it home and plug it
into their broadband router for instant connectivity, without any difficult menus to configure.
• Easy to Manage—Phone can receive firmware updates and configuration changes remotely.
• Secure—VPN tunnel only applies to voice and Cisco Unified IP Phone services. A PC connected to the
PC port is responsible for authenticating and establishing it own tunnel with VPN client software.
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Devices Supporting VPN
Devices Supporting VPN
You can use Cisco Unified Reporting to determine which Cisco Unified IP Phones support the VPN client.
From Cisco Unified Reporting, click Unified CM Phone Feature List. For the Feature, choose Virtual
Private Network Client from the pull-down menu. The system displays a list of products that support the
feature.
For more information about using Cisco Unified Reporting, see the Cisco Unified Reporting Administration
Guide.
Set Up VPN Feature
The following procedure provides the tasks to configure the VPN feature for supported Cisco Unified IP
Phones.
For VPN concentrator configuration information, refer to the documentation for the VPN concentrator; such
the following:
• SSL VPN Client (SVC) on ASA with ASDM Configuration Example
The ASA software must be version 8.0.4 or later, and the “AnyConnect Cisco VPN Phone” license must
be installed in conjunction with an "AnyConnect Premium" license.
To avoid long delays when the user upgrades the firmware or configuration information on a remote
phone, Cisco recommends that you set up the VPN concentrator close in the network to the TFTP or
Cisco Unified Communications Manager server. If this is not feasible in your network, you can set up
an alternate TPTP or load server that is next to the VPN concentrator.
• SSL VPN Client (WebVPN) on IOS with SDM Configuration Example
The IOS software must be versions 15.1(2)T or later. Feature Set/License:" Universal (Data & Security
& UC)" for the 2900 models and “Advanced Security” for the 2800 models with SSL VPN licenses
activated.
To avoid long delays when the user upgrades the firmware or configuration information on a remote
phone, Cisco recommends that you set up the VPN concentrator close in the network to the TFTP or
Cisco Unified Communications Manager server. If this is not feasible in your network, you can set up
an alternate TPTP or load server that is next to the VPN concentrator.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Set up the VPN concentrators for each VPN Gateway.
Upload the VPN concentrator certificates.
Configure the VPN Gateways.
Create a VPN Group using the VPN Gateways.
Configure the VPN Profile.
Add the VPN Group and VPN Profile to a Common Phone Profile. In Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration, choose Device > Device Settings > Common Phone Profile.
For more information, see the “Common Phone Profile Configuration” chapter in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration Guide.
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Note
Step 7
If you do not associate a VPN Profile with the Common Phone Profile, VPN uses the default settings
defined in the VPN Feature Configuration window.
Upgrade the firmware for Cisco Unified IP Phones to a version that supports VPN.
To run the Cisco VPN client, a supported Cisco Unified IP Phone must be running firmware release 9.0(2)
or higher. For more information about upgrading firmware, see the Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration
Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager for your Cisco Unified IP Phone model.
Before you can upgrade to firmware release 9.0(2), supported Cisco Unified IP Phones must be
running firmware release 8.4(4) or later.
Using a supported Cisco Unified IP Phone, establish a VPN connection.
For more information about configuring a Cisco Unified IP Phone and establishing a VPN connection, see
the Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager for your Cisco
Unified IP Phone model.
Note
Step 8
Related Topics
Complete Cisco IOS Prerequisites
Before you create Cisco IOS configuration for VPN client on an IP Phone, complete the following steps:
Procedure
Step 1
Install Cisco IOS Software version 15.1(2)T or later.
Feature Set/License: Universal (Data & Security & UC) for IOS ISR-G2
Feature Set/License: Advanced Security for IOS ISR
Step 2
Activate the SSL VPN License.
What to Do Next
Configure Cisco IOS SSL VPN to Support IP Phones , on page 171
Configure Cisco IOS SSL VPN to Support IP Phones
Before You Begin
Complete Cisco IOS Prerequisites, on page 171
Procedure
Step 1
Configure Cisco IOS locally.
a) Configure the Network Interface.
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Example:
router(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
router(config-if)# description "outside interface"
router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
router(config-if)# duplex auto
router(config-if)# speed auto
router(config-if)# no shutdown
router#show ip interface brief (shows interfaces summary)
b) Configure static and default routes by using this command:
router(config)# ip route <dest_ip> < mask> < gateway_ip>
Example:
router(config)# ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
Step 2
Step 3
Generate and register the CAPF certificate to authenticate the IP phones with an LSC.
Import the CAPF certificate from Cisco Unified Communications Manager:
a) From the Cisco Unified OS Administration, choose Security > Certificate Management.
Note
This location may change based on the Unified Communications Manager version.
b) Find the Cisco_Manufacturing_CA and CAPF certificates. Download the .pem file and save as .txt file.
c) Create trustpoint on the Cisco IOS software.
hostname(config)# crypto pki trustpoint trustpoint_name
hostname(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment terminal
hostname(config)# crypto pki authenticate trustpoint
When prompted for the base 64-encoded CA certificate, copy and paste the text in the downloaded .pem
file along with the BEGIN and END lines. Repeat the procedure for the other certificates.
d) Generate the following Cisco IOS self-signed certificates and register them with Cisco Unified
Communications Manager, or replace with a certificate that you import from a CA.
• Generate a self-signed certificate.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys label <name>
<exportable -optional>Router(config)# crypto pki trustpoint <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# enrollment selfsigned
Router(ca-trustpoint)# rsakeypair <name> 1024 1024
Router(ca-trustpoint)#authorization username subjectname commonname
Router(ca-trustpoint)# crypto pki enroll <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# end
• Generate a self-signed certificate with Host-id check enabled on the VPN profile in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Example:
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys label <name>
<exportable -optional>Router(config)# crypto pki trustpoint <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# enrollment selfsigned
Router(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn <full domain
name>Router(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name CN=<full domain
name>, CN=<IP>Router(ca-trustpoint)#authorization username
subjectname commonname
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Router(ca-trustpoint)# crypto pki enroll <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# end
• Register the generated certificate with Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Example:
Router(config)# crypto pki export <name> pem terminal
Copy the text from the terminal and save it as a .pem file and upload it to the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager using the Cisco Unified OS Administration.
Step 4
Install AnyConnect on Cisco IOS.
Download the Anyconnect package from cisco.com and install to flash.
Example:
router(config)#webvpn install svc
flash:/webvpn/anyconnect-win-2.3.2016-k9.pkg
Step 5
Configure the VPN feature.
Note
To use the phone with both certificate and password authentication, create a user with the phone
MAC address. Username matching is case sensitive. For example:
username CP-7975G-SEP001AE2BC16CB password k1kLGQIoxyCO4ti9 encrypted
What to Do Next
Configure VPN concentrators for each VPN gateway.
Sample IOS Setup
You can use the following sample IOS configuration for VPN client on IP phone as a general guideline to
creating your own configurations. The configuration entries can change over time.
Current configuration: 4648 bytes
!
! Last configuration change at 13:48:28 CDT Fri Mar 19 2010 by test
!
version 15.2
service timestamps debug datetime localtime show-timezone
service timestamps log datetime localtime show-timezone
no service password-encryption
!
! hostname of the IOS
hostname vpnios
!
boot-start-marker
! Specifying the image to be used by IOS – boot image
boot system flash c2800nm-advsecurityk9-mz.152-1.4.T
boot-end-marker
!
!
logging buffered 21474836
!
aaa new-model
!
!
aaa authentication login default local
aaa authentication login webvpn local
aaa authorization exec default local
!
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aaa session-id common
!
clock timezone CST -6
clock summer-time CDT recurring
!
crypto pki token default removal timeout 0
!
! Define trustpoints
crypto pki trustpoint iosrcdnvpn-cert
enrollment selfsigned
serial-number
subject-name cn=iosrcdnvpn-cert
revocation-check none
rsakeypair iosrcdnvpn-key 1024
!
crypto pki trustpoint CiscoMfgCert
enrollment terminal
revocation-check none
authorization username subjectname commonname
!
crypto pki trustpoint CiscoRootCA
enrollment terminal
revocation-check crl
authorization username subjectname commonname
!
!
! Certificates
crypto pki certificate chain iosrcdnvpn-cert
certificate self-signed 04
crypto pki certificate chain CiscoMfgCert
certificate ca 6A6967B3000000000003
crypto pki certificate chain CiscoRootCA
certificate ca 5FF87B282B54DC8D42A315B568C9ADFF
crypto pki certificate chain test
certificate ca 00
dot11 syslog
ip source-route
!
!
ip cef
!
!
!
ip domain name nw048b.cisco.com
no ipv6 cef
!
multilink bundle-name authenticated
!
!
voice-card 0
!
!
!
license udi pid CISCO2821 sn FTX1344AH76
archive
log config
hidekeys
username admin privilege 15 password 0 vpnios
username test privilege 15 password 0 adgjm
username usr+ privilege 15 password 0 adgjm
username usr# privilege 15 password 0 adgjm
username test2 privilege 15 password 0 adg+jm
username CP-7962G-SEP001B0CDB38FE privilege 15 password 0 adgjm
!
redundancy
!
!
!--- Configure interface. Generally one interface to internal network and one outside
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
description "outside interface"
ip address 10.89.79.140 255.255.255.240
duplex auto
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speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
description "Inside Interface"
ip address dhcp
duplex auto
speed auto
!
!--- Define IP local address pool
ip local pool webvpn-pool 10.8.40.200 10.8.40.225
ip default-gateway 10.89.79.129
ip forward-protocol nd
ip http server
ip http authentication local
ip http secure-server
ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000
!
!
!--- Define static IP routes
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.89.79.129
ip route 10.89.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.8.40.1
!
no logging trap
access-list 23 permit 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7
!
control-plane
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 15 0
line aux 0
! telnet access
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 30 0
privilege level 15
password vpnios
transport input telnet
line vty 5 15
access-class 23 in
privilege level 15
transport input all
!
exception data-corruption buffer truncate
scheduler allocate 20000 1000
!
! webvpn gateway configuration
webvpn gateway VPN_RCDN_IOS
hostname vpnios
ip address 10.89.79.140 port 443
! ssl configuration
ssl encryption aes128-sha1
ssl trustpoint iosrcdnvpn-cert
inservice
!
! webvpn context for User and Password authentication
webvpn context UserPasswordContext
title "User-Password authentication"
ssl authenticate verify all
!
!
policy group UserPasswordGroup
functions svc-enabled
hide-url-bar
timeout idle 3600
svc address-pool "webvpn-pool"
svc default-domain "nw048b.cisco.com"
svc split include 10.89.75.0 255.255.255.0
svc dns-server primary 64.101.128.56
svc dtls
default-group-policy UserPasswordGroup
gateway VPN_RCDN_IOS domain UserPasswordVPN
inservice
!
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!
! webvpn context for Certificate (username pre-filled) and Password authentication
webvpn context CertPasswordContext
title "certificate plus password"
ssl authenticate verify all
!
!
policy group CertPasswordGroup
functions svc-enabled
hide-url-bar
timeout idle 3600
svc address-pool "webvpn-pool"
svc default-domain "nw048b.cisco.com"
svc dns-server primary 64.101.128.56
svc dtls
default-group-policy CertPasswordGroup
gateway VPN_RCDN_IOS domain CertPasswordVPN
authentication certificate aaa
username-prefill
ca trustpoint CiscoMfgCert
inservice
!
!
! webvpn context for certificate only authentication
webvpn context CertOnlyContext
title "Certificate only authentication"
ssl authenticate verify all
!
!
policy group CertOnlyGroup
functions svc-enabled
hide-url-bar
timeout idle 3600
svc address-pool "webvpn-pool"
svc default-domain "nw048b.cisco.com"
svc dns-server primary 64.101.128.56
svc dtls
default-group-policy CertOnlyGroup
gateway VPN_RCDN_IOS domain CertOnlyVPN
authentication certificate
ca trustpoint CiscoMfgCert
inservice
!
end
Complete ASA Prerequisites for AnyConnect
Before you create an ASA configuration for VPN client on an IP phone, complete the following steps:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Install ASA software (version 8.0.4 or later) and a compatible ASDM.
Install a compatible AnyConnect package.
Activate License.
a) Check features of the current license by executing the following command:
show activation-key detail
b) If necessary, obtain a new license with additional SSL VPN sessions and Linksys phone enabled.
Step 4
Ensure that you configure a tunnel-group with a non-default URL as follows:
tunnel-group phonevpn type remote-access
tunnel-group phonevpn general-attribute
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address-pool vpnpool
tunnel-group phonevpn webvpn-attributes
group-url https://172.18.254.172/phonevpn enable
Consider the following when configuring non-default URL:
• If the IP address of the ASA has a public DNS entry, you can replace it with a Fully Qualified Domain
Name (FQDN).
• You can only use a single URL (FQDN or IP address) on the VPN gateway in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
• If it preferred to have the certificate CN or subject alternate name match the FQDN or IP address in the
group-url.
• If the ASA certificate CN or SAN does not match with the FQDN or IP address, then disable host id
check on Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Configure ASA for VPN Client on IP Phone
Note
Replacing ASA certificates results in non-availability of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Perform the following steps to configure ASA for VPN client on IP phone.
Procedure
Step 1
Local configuration
a) Configure network interface.
Example:
router(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
router(config-if)# description "outside interface"
router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
router(config-if)# duplex auto
router(config-if)# speed auto
router(config-if)# no shutdown
router#show ip interface brief (shows interfaces summary)
b) Configure static routes and default routes.
router(config)# ip route <dest_ip> <mask> <gateway_ip>
Example:
router(config)# ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
c) Configure the DNS.
Example:
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hostname(config)# dns domain-lookup inside
hostname(config)# dns server-group DefaultDNS
hostname(config-dns-server-group)# name-server 10.1.1.5 192.168.1.67
209.165.201.6
Step 2
Generate and register the necessary certificates for Cisco Unified Communications Manager and IOS.
The following certificates need to be imported from the Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
• CallManager - Authenticating the Cisco UCM during TLS handshake (Only required for mixed-mode
clusters).
• Cisco_Manufacturing_CA - Authenticating IP phones with a Manufacturer Installed Certificate (MIC).
• CAPF - Authenticating IP phones with an LSC.
To import these Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificates, do the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
From the Cisco Unified Communications Manager OS Administration web page.
Choose Security > Certificate Management. (Note: This location may change based on the UCM version)
Find the certificates Cisco_Manufacturing_CA and CAPF. Download the .pem file and save as .txt file.
Create trustpoint on the ASA.
Example:
hostname(config)# crypto pki trustpoint trustpoint_name
hostname(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment terminal
hostname(config)# crypto pki authenticate trustpoint
When prompted for base 64 encoded CA Certificate, copy-paste the text in the downloaded .pem file
along with the BEGIN and END lines. Repeat the procedure for the other certificates.
e) You should generate the following IOS self-signed certificates and register them with Cisco Unified
Communications Manager, or replace with a certificate that you import from a CA.
• Generate a self-signed certificate.
Example:
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys label <name>
<exportable -optional>Router(config)# crypto pki trustpoint <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# enrollment selfsigned
Router(ca-trustpoint)# rsakeypair <name> 1024 1024
Router(ca-trustpoint)#authorization username subjectname commonname
Router(ca-trustpoint)# crypto pki enroll <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# end
• Generate a self-signed certificate with Host-id check enabled on the VPN profile in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Example:
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys label <name>
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<exportable -optional>Router(config)# crypto pki trustpoint <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# enrollment selfsigned
Router(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn <full domain
name>Router(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name CN=<full domain
name>, CN=<IP>Router(ca-trustpoint)#authorization username
subjectname commonname
Router(ca-trustpoint)# crypto pki enroll <name>
Router(ca-trustpoint)# end
• Register the generated certificate with Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Example:
Router(config)# crypto pki export <name> pem terminal
Copy the text from the terminal and save it as a .pem file and upload it to the Managing Certificate
part of the CUCM.
Step 3
Configure the VPN feature. You can use the Sample ASA configuration summary below to guide you with
the configuration.
Note
To use the phone with both certificate and password authentication, create a user with the phone
MAC address. Username matching is case sensitive. For example:
username CP-7975G-SEP001AE2BC16CB password k1kLGQIoxyCO4ti9 encrypted
username CP-7975G-SEP001AE2BC16CB attributes vpn-group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn
service-type remote-access
ASA Certificate Configuration
For more information on ASA certificate configuration, refer to http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/
voicesw/ps556/products_configuration_example09186a0080bef910.shtml
Sample ASA Setup
You can use the following sample ASA configuration for VPN client on IP phone as a general guideline to
creating your own configurations. The configuration entries can change over time.
ciscoasa(config)# show running-config
: Saved
:
!--- ASA version
ASA Version 8.2(1)
!
!--- Basic local config on ASA
hostname ciscoasa
domain-name nw048b.cisco.com
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
names
dns-guard
!--- Configure interface. Generally one interface to internal network and one outside
!--- Ethernet0/0 is outside interface with security level 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
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nameif outside
security-level 0
ip address 10.89.79.135 255.255.255.0
!--- Ethernet0/1 is inside interface with security level 100
!
interface Ethernet0/1
nameif inside
security-level 100
ip address dhcp
!
interface Ethernet0/2
shutdown
no nameif
no security-level
no ip address
!
interface Ethernet0/3
shutdown
no nameif
security-level 100
no ip address
!
interface Management0/0
shutdown
nameif management
security-level 100
no ip address
management-only
!
!--- Boot image of ASA
boot system disk0:/asa821-k8.bin
ftp mode passive
!--- Clock settings
clock timezone CST -6
clock summer-time CDT recurring
!--- DNS configuration
dns domain-lookup outside
dns server-group DefaultDNS
name-server 64.101.128.56
domain-name nw048b.cisco.com
!--- Enable interface on the same security level so that they can communicate to each other
same-security-traffic permit inter-interface
!--- Enable communication between hosts connected to same interface
same-security-traffic permit intra-interface
pager lines 24
!--- Logging options
logging enable
logging timestamp
logging console debugging
no logging message 710005
mtu outside 1500
mtu inside 1500
mtu management 1500
!--- Define IP local address pool
ip local pool Webvpn_POOL 10.8.40.150-10.8.40.170 mask 255.255.255.192
no failover
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
icmp permit any inside
!--- ASDM image
asdm image disk0:/asdm-623.bin
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400
!--- Static routing
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route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.89.79.129 1
route inside 10.89.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.8.40.1 1
route inside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.8.40.1 tunneled
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02
timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00
timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00
timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute
timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00
dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy
http server enable
http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside
http redirect outside 80
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart
crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800
crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000
!--- ASA certs
!--- trustpoints and certificates
crypto ca trustpoint ASA_VPN_Cert
enrollment self
keypair ASA_VPN_Cert_key
crl configure
crypto ca trustpoint CiscoMfgCert
enrollment terminal
crl configure
crypto ca trustpoint UCM_CAPF_Cert
enrollment terminal
no client-types
crl configure
crypto ca certificate chain ASA_VPN_Cert
certificate 02d5054b
quit
crypto ca certificate chain CiscoMfgCert
certificate ca 6a6967b3000000000003
quit
crypto ca certificate chain UCM_CAPF_Cert
certificate ca 6a6967b3000000000003
quit
telnet timeout 5
ssh scopy enable
ssh timeout 5
console timeout 0
!--- configure client to send packets with broadcast flag set
dhcp-client broadcast-flag
!--- specifies use of mac-addr for client identifier to outside interface
dhcp-client client-id interface outside
!
tls-proxy maximum-session 200
!
threat-detection basic-threat
threat-detection statistics access-list
no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept
!--- configure ssl
ssl encryption aes128-sha1
ssl trust-point ASA_VPN_Cert
ssl certificate-authentication interface outside port 443
!--- VPN config
!--- Configure webvpn
webvpn
enable outside
default-idle-timeout 3600
svc image disk0:/anyconnect-win-2.1.0148-k9.pkg 1
svc enable
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!--- Group-policy
group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn internal
group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn attributes
banner none
vpn-simultaneous-logins 10
vpn-idle-timeout none
vpn-session-timeout none
vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec svc webvpn
default-domain value nw048b.cisco.com
address-pools value Webvpn_POOL
webvpn
svc dtls enable
svc keep-installer installed
svc keepalive 120
svc rekey time 4
svc rekey method new-tunnel
svc dpd-interval client none
svc dpd-interval gateway 300
svc compression deflate
svc ask none default webvpn
!--- Configure user attributes
username test password S.eA5Qq5kwJqZ3QK encrypted
username test attributes
vpn-group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn
service-type remote-access
!—Configure username with Phone MAC address for certificate+password method
username CP-7975G-SEP001AE2BC16CB password k1kLGQIoxyCO4ti9 encrypted
username CP-7975G-SEP001AE2BC16CB attributes
vpn-group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn
service-type remote-access
!--- Configure tunnel group for username-password authentication
tunnel-group VPNphone type remote-access
tunnel-group VPNphone general-attributes
address-pool Webvpn_POOL
default-group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn
tunnel-group VPNphone webvpn-attributes
group-url https://10.89.79.135/VPNphone enable
!--- Configure tunnel group with certificate only authentication
tunnel-group CertOnlyTunnelGroup type remote-access
tunnel-group CertOnlyTunnelGroup general-attributes
default-group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn
tunnel-group CertOnlyTunnelGroup webvpn-attributes
authentication certificate
group-url https://10.89.79.135/CertOnly enable
!--- Configure tunnel group with certificate + password authentication
tunnel-group CertPassTunnelGroup type remote-access
tunnel-group CertPassTunnelGroup general-attributes
authorization-server-group LOCAL
default-group-policy GroupPhoneWebvpn
username-from-certificate CN
tunnel-group CertPassTunnelGroup webvpn-attributes
authentication aaa certificate
pre-fill-username ssl-client
group-url https://10.89.79.135/CertPass enable
!
class-map inspection_default
match default-inspection-traffic
!
!
policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
parameters
message-length maximum 512
policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect ftp
inspect h323 h225
inspect h323 ras
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inspect
inspect
inspect
inspect
inspect
inspect
inspect
inspect
inspect
inspect
rsh
rtsp
esmtp
sqlnet
skinny
sunrpc
xdmcp
sip
netbios
tftp
!
service-policy global_policy global
prompt hostname context
Cryptochecksum:cd28d46a4f627ed0fbc82ba7d2fee98e
: end
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19
VPN Gateway Setup
This chapter provides information about VPN gateway setup. To configure a VPN gateway, you must first
upload the VPN concentrator certificates and then configure the VPN gateway.
Note
The VPN menu and its options are not available in the U.S. export unrestricted version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
• Upload VPN Concentrator Certificates, page 185
• VPN Gateway Setup, page 186
Upload VPN Concentrator Certificates
Generate a certificate on the ASA when you set it up to support the VPN feature. Download the generated
certificate to your PC or workstation and then upload it to Cisco Unified Communications Manager using the
procedure in this section. Cisco Unified Communications Manager saves the certificate in the Phone-VPN-trust
list.
The ASA sends this certificate during the SSL handshake, and the Cisco Unified IP Phone compares it against
the values stored in the Phone-VPN-trust list.
The Cisco Unified IP Phone sends its Manufacturer Installed Certificate (MIC) by default. If you configure
the CAPF service, the Cisco Unified IP Phone sends its Locally Significant Certificate (LSC).
To use device level certificate authentication, install the root MIC or CAPF certificate in the ASA, so that the
Cisco Unified IP Phones are trusted.
To upload certificates to Cisco Unified Communications Manager, use the Cisco Unified OS Administration..
Procedure
Step 1
From Cisco Unified OS Administration, choose Security > Certificate Management.
The Certificate List window appears.
Step 2
Click Upload Certificate.
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The Upload Certificate dialog box appears.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
From the Certificate Purpose drop-down list, choose Phone-VPN-trust.
Click Browse to choose the file that you want to upload.
Click Upload File.
Choose another file to upload or click Close.
For more information about certificate management, see Chapter 6, “Security,” in the Cisco Unified
Communications Operating System Administration Guide.
What to Do Next
Configure VPN Gateway, on page 187
VPN Gateway Setup
Find VPN Gateway
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified CM Administration, choose Advanced Features > VPN > VPN Gateway.
The Find and List VPN Gateways window appears. Records from an active (prior) query may also display
in the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, do not enter any search criteria.
To filter or search records:
a) From the first drop-down list, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add search criteria, click +. When you add criteria, the system searches for a record that matches
all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click – to remove the last added criterion or click
Clear Filter to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records appear. You can change the number of items that appear on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list.
Step 4
From the list of records that appears, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
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Configure VPN Gateway
To add, update, or copy a VPN gateway, perform the following procedure:
Before You Begin
Ensure that you have configured VPN concentrators for each VPN gateway. After configuring the VPN
concentrators, upload the VPN concentrator certificates. For more information, see Upload VPN Concentrator
Certificates, on page 185.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
In Cisco Unified CM Administration, choose Advanced Features > VPN > VPN Gateway.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new profile, click Add New.
b) To copy an existing VPN gateway, locate the appropriate profile, click the Copy button next to the VPN
gateway that you want to copy.
c) To update an existing profile, locate the appropriate VPN gateway and modify the settings.
When you click Add New, the configuration window appears with the default settings for each field. When
you click Copy, the configuration window appears with the copied settings.
Step 3
Step 4
Configure the fields in the VPN Gateway Configuration window. See the Related Topics section for more
information about the fields and their configuration options.
Click Save.
What to Do Next
Configure VPN Group, on page 190
Related Topics
Find VPN Gateway, on page 186
VPN Gateway Fields for VPN Client, on page 187
VPN Gateway Fields for VPN Client
Field
Description
VPN Gateway Name
Enter the name of the VPN gateway.
VPN Gateway Description
Enter a description of the VPN gateway.
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Field
Description
VPN Gateway URL
Enter the URL for the main VPN concentrator in the
gateway.
Note
You must configure the VPN concentrator
with a group URL and use this URL as the
gateway URL.
For configuration information, refer to the
documentation for the VPN concentrator, such as the
following:
• SSL VPN Client (SVC) on ASA with ASDM
Configuration Example
VPN Certificates in this Gateway
Use the up and down arrow keys to assign certificates
to the gateway. If you do not assign a certificate for
the gateway, the VPN client will fail to connect to
that concentrator.
Note
You can assign up to 10 certificates to a VPN
gateway, and you must assign at least one
certificate to each gateway. Only certificates
that are associated with the Phone-VPN-trust
role appear in the available VPN certificates
list.
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VPN Group Setup
Note
This chapter provides information about creating a VPN group. After you create a VPN group, you can
add one of the VPN gateways you just configured to it.
The VPN menu and its options are not available in the U.S. export unrestricted version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
• Find VPN Group, page 189
• Configure VPN Group, page 190
• VPN Group Fields for VPN Client, page 191
Find VPN Group
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Advanced Features > VPN > VPN
Group.
The Find and List VPN Groups window appears. Records from an active (prior) query may also appear in
the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, do not enter any search criteria.
To filter or search records:
a) From the first drop-down list, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches for a record
that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to remove the last
added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
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All matching records appear. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that appear, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Configure VPN Group
To add, update, or copy a VPN group, perform the following procedure:
Before You Begin
Configure VPN Gateway, on page 187
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Advanced Features > VPN > VPN
Group.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new profile, click Add New.
b) To copy an existing VPN group, locate the appropriate profile, click the Copy button next to the VPN
group that you want to copy.
c) To update an existing profile, locate the appropriate VPN group and modify the settings.
When you click Add New, the configuration window appears with the default settings for each field. When
you click Copy, the configuration window appears with the copied settings.
Configure the fields in the VPN Group Configuration window. See the Related Topics section for more
information about the fields and their configuration options.
Click Save.
What to Do Next
Perform one of the following tasks:
• Configure VPN Profile, on page 194
• Configure VPN Feature Parameters, on page 197
Related Topics
Find VPN Group, on page 189
VPN Group Fields for VPN Client, on page 191
VPN Group Fields for VPN Client, on page 191
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VPN Group Fields for VPN Client
Field
Definition
VPN Group Name
Enter the name of the VPN group.
VPN Group Description
Enter a description of the VPN group.
All Available VPN Gateways
Scroll to see all available VPN gateways.
Selected VPN Gateways in this VPN Group
Use the up and down arrow buttons to move available
VPN gateways into and out of this VPN group.
If the VPN client encounters a critical error and
cannot connect to a particular VPN gateway, it will
attempt to move to the next VPN gateway in the list.
Note
You can add up to a maximum of three VPN
gateways to a VPN group. Also, the total
number of certificates in the VPN group
cannot exceed 10.
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VPN Profile Setup
This chapter provides information about VPN profile setup.
Note
The VPN menu and its options are not available in the U.S. export unrestricted version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
• About VPN Profile Setup, page 193
• Find VPN Profile, page 193
• Configure VPN Profile, page 194
• VPN Profile Fields for VPN Client, page 195
About VPN Profile Setup
Use the VPN Profile window to create a profile that you assign to the Cisco Unified IP Phone by using the
Common Phone Profile Configuration window.
Find VPN Profile
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Advanced Features > VPN > VPN
Profile.
The Find and List VPN Profiles window appears. Records from an active (prior) query may also appear in
the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, do not enter any search criteria.
To filter or search records:
a) From the first drop-down list, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list, choose a search pattern.
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c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records appear. You can change the number of items that appear on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list.
Step 4
From the list of records that appears, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Configure VPN Profile
To add, update, or copy a VPN profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Advanced Features > VPN > VPN
Profile.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new profile, click Add New.
b) To copy an existing profile, locate the appropriate profile and click the Copy button next to the VPN
profile that you want to copy.
c) To update an existing profile, specify the appropriate filters in the Find VPN Profile Where, click Find,
and modify the settings.
When you click Add New, the configuration window appears with the default settings for each field. When
you click Copy, the configuration window appears with the copied settings.
Configure the fields in the VPN Profile Configuration window. See the Related Topics section for more
information about the fields and their configuration options.
Click Save.
What to Do Next
Related Topics
Find VPN Profile, on page 193
VPN Profile Fields for VPN Client, on page 195
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VPN Profile Fields for VPN Client
Field
Definition
Name
Enter a name for the VPN profile.
Description
Enter a description for the VPN profile.
Enable Auto Network Detect
When you check this check box, the VPN client can only run when it
detects that it is out of the corporate network.
Default: Disabled.
MTU
Enter the size, in bytes, for the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU).
Default: 1290 bytes.
Fail to Connect
This field specifies the amount of time to wait for login or connect
operations to complete while the system creates the VPN tunnel.
Default: 30 seconds
Enable Host ID Check
When you check this check box, the gateway certificate subjectAltName
or CN must match the URL to which the VPN client is connected.
Default: Enabled
Client Authentication Method
From the drop-down list, choose the client authentication method:
• User and password
• Password only
• Certificate (LSC or MIC)
Enable Password Persistence
When you check this check box, a user password gets saved in the phone
until either a failed login attempt occurs, a user manually clears the
password, or the phone resets or loses power.
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VPN Feature Setup
This chapter provides information about the VPN feature configuration parameters.
Note
The VPN menu and its options are not available in the U.S. export unrestricted version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
• About VPN Feature Setup, page 197
• Configure VPN Feature Parameters, page 197
• VPN Feature Parameters, page 198
About VPN Feature Setup
The VPN Feature Configuration window contains the common configuration settings for the VPN feature
that the system uses when you do not associate a VPN Profile with a Common Phone Profile. If you define
a VPN Profile as part of configuring a Common Phone Profile, the VPN Profile settings take precedence over
the VPN Feature Configuration settings.
Configure VPN Feature Parameters
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose Advanced Features > VPN > VPN
Feature Configuration.
Configure the fields in the VPN Feature Configuration window. See the Related Topics section for more
information about the fields and their configuration options.
Click Save.
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What to Do Next
Perform the following tasks:
• Upgrade the firmware for Cisco Unified IP Phones to a version that supports VPN. For more information
about upgrading the firmware, see the Cisco Unified IP Phone Administration Guide for your Cisco
Unified IP Phone model.
• Using a supported Cisco Unified IP Phone, establish the VPN connection.
Related Topics
VPN Feature Parameters, on page 198
VPN Feature Parameters
Field
Default
Enable Auto Network Detect
When True, the VPN client can only run when it
detects that it is out of the corporate network.
Default: False
MTU
This field specifies the maximum transmission unit:
Default: 1290 bytes
Minimum: 256 bytes
Maximum: 1406 bytes
Keep Alive
This field specifies the rate at which the system sends
the keep alive message.
If it is non zero and less than the value
specified in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager, the keep alive setting in the VPN
concentrator overwrites this setting.
Default: 60 seconds
Note
Minimum: 0
Maximum: 120 seconds
Fail to Connect
This field specifies the amount of time to wait for
login or connect operations to complete while the
system creates the VPN tunnel.
Default: 30 seconds
Minimum: 0
Maximum: 600 seconds
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Field
Default
Client Authentication Method
From the drop-down list, choose the client
authentication method:
• User and password
• Password only
• Certificate (LSC or MIC)
Default: User And Password
Enable Password Persistence
When True, a user password gets saved in the phone
until either a failed login attempt occurs, a user
manually clears the password, or the phone resets or
loses power.
Default: False
Enable Host ID Check
When True, the gateway certificate subjectAltName
or CN must match the URL to which the VPN client
is connected.
Default: True
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IV
Cisco CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Application Security
• Authentication and Encryption Setup for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI, page 203
• Certificate Revocation/Expiry Status Verification, page 217
CHAPTER
23
Authentication and Encryption Setup for CTI,
JTAPI, and TAPI
This chapter provides a brief overview of how to secure the CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI applications. It also
describes the tasks that you must perform in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration to
configure authentication and encryption for CTI/TAPI/JTAPI applications.
This document does not describe how to install the Cisco JTAPI or TSP plug-ins that are available in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration, nor does it describe how to configure the security
parameters during the installation. Likewise, this document does not describe how to configure restrictions
for CTI-controlled devices or lines.
• Authentication for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, page 204
• Encryption for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, page 205
• CAPF Functions for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, page 206
• CAPF System Interactions and Requirements for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, page 207
• Securing CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI, page 207
• Add Application and End Users to Security-Related Users Groups, page 208
• Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service Activation, page 210
• Update CAPF Service Parameters, page 210
• Find Application User or End User CAPF Profile, page 211
• Set Up Application User or End User CAPF Profile, page 211
• CAPF Settings, page 212
• Delete Application User CAPF or End User CAPF Profile, page 214
• Set Up JTAPI/TAPI Security-Related Service Parameters, page 215
• View Certificate Operation Status for Application or End User, page 215
• Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication, page 216
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Authentication for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications
Cisco Unified Communications Manager allows you to secure the signaling connections and media streams
between CTIManager and CTI/JTAPI/TAPI applications.
Note
The following information assumes that you configured security settings during the Cisco JTAPI/TSP
plug-in installation. It also assumes that the Cluster Security Mode equals Mixed Mode, as configured in
the Cisco CTL Client or through the CLI command set utils ctl. If these settings are not configured when
you perform the tasks that are described in this chapter, CTIManager and the application connect via a
nonsecure port, port 2748.
CTIManager and the application verify the identity of the other party through a mutually authenticated TLS
handshake (certificate exchange). When a TLS connection occurs, CTIManager and the application exchange
QBE messages via the TLS port, port 2749.
To authenticate with the application, CTIManager uses the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificate
— either the self-signed certificate that installs automatically on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
server during installation or a third-party, CA-signed certificate that you uploaded to the platform.
After you generate the CTL file through the CLI command set utils ctl or the Cisco CTL Client, this certificate
is added automatically to the CTL file. Before the application attempts to connect to CTIManager, the
application downloads the CTL file from the TFTP server.
The first time that the JTAPI/TSP client downloads the CTL file from the TFTP server, the JTAPI/TSP client
trusts the CTL file. Because the JTAPI/TSP client does not validate the CTL file, Cisco strongly recommends
that the download occur in a secure environment. The JTAPI/TSP client verifies subsequent downloads of
the CTL file; for example, after you update the CTL file, the JTAPI/TSP client uses the security tokens in the
CTL file to authenticate the digital signature of the new CTL file it downloads. Contents of the file include
the Cisco Unified Communications Manager certificates and CAPF server certificate.
If the CTL file appears compromised, the JTAPI/TSP client does not replace the downloaded CTL file; the
client logs an error and attempts to establish a TLS connection by using an older certificate in the existing
CTL file. The connection may not succeed if the CTL file has changed or is compromised. If the CTL file
download fails and more than one TFTP server exists, you can configure another TFTP server to download
the file. The JTAPI/TAPI client does not connect to any port under the following circumstances:
• The client cannot download the CTL file for some reason; for example, no CTL file exists.
• The client does not have an existing CTL file.
• You configured the application user as a secure CTI user.
To authenticate with CTIManager, the application uses a certificate that the Certificate Authority Proxy
Function (CAPF) issues. To use TLS for every connection between the application and CTIManager, each
instance that runs on the application PC must have a unique certificate. One certificate does not cover all
instances. To ensure that the certificate installs on the node where Cisco IP Manager Assistant service is
running, you configure a unique Instance ID for each Application User CAPF Profile Configuration or End
User CAPF Profile Configuration in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, as described
in Table 18: Application and End User CAPF Profile Configuration Settings , on page 213.
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Tip
If you uninstall the application from one PC and install it on another PC, you must install a new certificate
for each instance on the new PC.
You must also add the application users or the end users to the Standard CTI Secure Connection user group
in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration to enable TLS for the application. After you add
the user to this group and install the certificate, the application ensures that the user connects via the TLS
port.
Related Topics
CAPF Settings, on page 212
Encryption for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications
Tip
Authentication serves as the minimum requirement for encryption; that is, you cannot use encryption if
you have not configured authentication.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Assistant, Cisco QRT, and Cisco Web Dialer do not support
encryption. CTI clients that connect to the CTIManager service may support encryption if the client sends
voice packets.
To secure the media streams between the application and CTIManager, add the application users or the end
users to the Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP Key Material user group in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration. If these users also exist in the Standard CTI Secure Connection user group and if
the cluster security mode equals Mixed Mode, CTIManager establishes a TLS connection with the application
and provides the key materials to the application in a media event
Note
Cluster security mode configures the security capability for your standalone server or cluster.
Although applications do not record or store the SRTP key materials, the application uses the key materials
to encrypt its RTP stream and decrypt the SRTP stream from CTIManager.
If the application connects to the nonsecure port, port 2748, for any reason, CTIManager does not send the
keying material. If CTI/JTAPI/TAPI cannot monitor or control a device or directory number because you
configured restrictions, CTIManager does not send the keying material.
Tip
For an application to receive SRTP session keys, the application or end user must exist in three groups:
Standard CTI Enabled, Standard CTI Secure Connection, and Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP
Key Material.
Although Cisco Unified Communications Manager can facilitate secure calls to and from CTI ports and route
points, you must configure the application to support secure calls because the application handles the media
parameters.
CTI ports/route points register through dynamic or static registration. If the port/route point uses dynamic
registration, the media parameters get specified for each call; for static registration, media parameters get
specified during registration and cannot change per call. When CTI ports/route points register to CTIManager
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through a TLS connection, the device registers securely, and the media gets encrypted via SRTP if the
application uses a valid encryption algorithm in the device registration request and if the other party is secure.
When the CTI application begins to monitor a call that is already established, the application does not receive
any RTP events. For the established call, the CTI application provides a DeviceSnapshot event, which defines
whether the media for the call is secure or nonsecure; this event provides no keying material.
CAPF Functions for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications
Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF), which automatically installs with Cisco Unified Communications
Manager, performs the following tasks for CTI/TAPI/TAPI applications, depending on your configuration:
• Authenticates to the JTAPI/TSP client via an authentication string.
• Issues locally significant certificates (LSC) to CTI/JTAPI/TAPI application users or end users.
• Upgrades existing locally significant certificates.
• Retrieves certificates for viewing and troubleshooting.
When the JTAPI/TSP client interacts with CAPF, the client authenticates to CAPF by using an authentication
string; the client then generates its public key and private key pair and forwards its public key to the CAPF
server in a signed message. The private key remains in the client and never gets exposed externally. CAPF
signs the certificate and then sends the certificate back to the client in a signed message.
You issue certificates to application users or end users by configuring the settings in the Application User
CAPF Profile Configuration window or End User CAPF Profile Configuration window, respectively. The
following information describes the differences between the CAPF profiles that Cisco Unified Communications
Manager supports:
• Application User CAPF Profile—This profile allows you to issue locally significant certificates to secure
application users so that a TLS connection opens between the CTIManager service and the application.
One Application User CAPF Profile corresponds to a single instance of the service or application on a
server. If you activate multiple web services or applications on the same server, you must configure two
Application User CAPF Profiles, one for each service on the server.
If you activate a service or application on two servers in the cluster, you must configure two Application
User CAPF Profiles, one for each server.
• End User CAPF Profile—This profile allows you to issue locally significant certificates to CTI clients
so that the CTI client communicates with the CTIManager service via a TLS connection.
Tip
The JTAPI client stores the LSC in Java Key Store format in the path that you configure in the JTAPI
Preferences window. The TSP client stores the LSC in an encrypted format in the default directory or in
the path that you configure.
The following information applies when a communication or power failure occurs.
• If a communication failure occurs while the certificate installation is taking place, the JTAPI client
attempts to obtain the certificate three more times in 30-second intervals. You cannot configure this
value.
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For the TSP client, you can configure the retry attempts and the retry timer. Configure these values by
specifying the number of times that the TSP client tries to obtain the certificate in an allotted time. For
both values, the default equals 0. You can configure up to 3 retry attempts by specifying 1 (for one retry),
2, or 3. You can configure no more than 30 seconds for each retry attempt.
• If a power failure occurs while the JTAPI/TSP client attempts a session with CAPF, the client attempts
to download the certificate after power gets restored.
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI
Applications
The following requirements exist for CAPF:
• Before you configure the Application User and End User CAPF Profiles, verify that you performed all
necessary tasks to install and configure the Cisco CTL Client. Verify that the Cluster Security Mode in
the Enterprise Parameters Configuration window is 1 (mixed mode).
• To use CAPF, you must activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service on the first
node.
• Because generating many certificates at the same time may cause call-processing interruptions, Cisco
strongly recommends that you use CAPF during a scheduled maintenance window.
• Ensure that the first node is functional and running during the entire certificate operation.
• Ensure that the CTI/ JTAPI/TAPI application is functional during the entire certificate operation.
Securing CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI
The following procedure provides the tasks that you perform to secure the CTI/JTAPI/TAPI application.
Procedure
Step 1
Verify that the CTI application and any JTAPI/TSP plug-ins are installed and running.
Tip
Assign the application user to the Standard CTI Enabled
group.
See the following documentation for more information:
• Computer Telephony Integration, Cisco Unified Communications Manager System Guide
• Cisco JTAPI Installation Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
• Cisco TAPI Installation Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager
• Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide
Step 2
Verify that the following Cisco Unified Communications Manager security features are installed (if not
installed, install and configure these features):
• Verify that you installed the CTL Client and the CTL file has run, so the CTL file is created.
• Verify that you installed the CTL provider service and that the service is activated.
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• Verify that you installed the CAPF service and that the service is activated. If necessary, update CAPF
service parameters.
Tip
The CAPF service must run for the Cisco CTL Client to include the CAPF certificate in the CTL
file. If you updated these parameters when you used CAPF for the phones, you do not need to
update the parameters again.
Verify
that
the cluster security mode is set to Mixed Mode. (Cluster security mode configures the security
•
capability for your standalone server or cluster.)
Tip
The CTI/JTAPI/TAPI application cannot access the CTL file if the cluster security mode does
not equal Mixed Mode.
See the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide for more information.
Step 3
Step 4
If you want CTIManager and the application to use a TLS connection, add the application user or end users
to the Standard CTI Secure Connection user group.
Tip
A CTI application can be assigned to either an application user or an end user, but not
both.
If you want to use SRTP, add the application user or end user to the Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP
Key Material user group.
The user must already exist in the Standard CTI Enabled and Standard CTI Secure Connection user group.
The application or end user cannot receive SRTP session keys if it does not exist in these three groups. For
more information, see topics related to role configuration in the Administration Guide for Cisco Unified
Communications Manager .
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Assistant, Cisco QRT, and Cisco Web Dialer do not support
encryption. CTI clients that connect to the CTIManager service may support encryption if the client
sends voice packets.
Configure the Application User CAPF Profile or End User CAPF Profile in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration.
Enable the corresponding security-related parameters in the CTI/JTAPI/TAPI application.
Note
Step 5
Step 6
Related Topics
Update CAPF Service Parameters, on page 118
Add Application and End Users to Security-Related Users Groups, on page 208
CAPF Functions for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, on page 206
Set Up Application User or End User CAPF Profile, on page 211
CAPF Settings, on page 212
Set Up JTAPI/TAPI Security-Related Service Parameters, on page 215
Add Application and End Users to Security-Related Users Groups
The Standard CTI Secure Connection user group and the Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP Key Material
user group display in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration by default. You cannot delete
these groups.
To secure the user connection to CTIManager, you must add the application user or end users to the Standard
CTI Secure Connection user group. You can assign a CTI application to either an application user or an end
user, but not both.
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If you want the application and CTIManager to secure the media streams, you must add the application user
or end users to the Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP Key Material user group.
Before the application and end user can use SRTP, the user must exist in the Standard CTI Enabled and
Standard CTI Secure Connection user groups, which serve as a baseline configuration for TLS. SRTP
connections require TLS. After the user exists in these groups, you can add the user to the Standard CTI Allow
Reception of SRTP Key Material user group. For an application to receive SRTP session keys, the application
or end user must exist in three groups: Standard CTI Enabled, Standard CTI Secure Connection, and Standard
CTI Allow Reception of SRTP Key Material.
Because Cisco Unified Communications Manager Assistant, Cisco QRT, and Cisco Web Dialer do not support
encryption, you do not need to add the application users, CCMQRTSecureSysUser, IPMASecureSysUser,
and the WDSecureSysUser, to the Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP Key Material user group.
Tip
For information on deleting an application or end user from a user group, refer to the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration Guide. For information about security-related settings in the
Role Configuration window, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose User Management > User Groups.
To display all user groups, click Find.
Depending on what you want to accomplish, perform one of the following tasks:
a) Verify that the application or end users exist in the Standard CTI Enabled group.
b) To add an application user or end users to the Standard CTI Secure Connection user group, click the
Standard CTI Secure Connection link.
c) To add an application user or end users to the Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP Key Material user
group, click the Standard CTI Allow Reception of SRTP Key Material link.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
To add an application user to the group, perform Step 5, on page 209 through Step 7, on page 209.
Click the Add Application Users to Group button.
To find an application user, specify the search criteria; then, click Find.
Clicking Find without specifying search criteria displays all available options.
Step 7
Check the check boxes for the application users that you want to add to the group; then, click Add Selected.
The users display in the User Group window.
Step 8 To add end users to the group, perform Step 9, on page 209 through Step 11, on page 209.
Step 9 Click the Add Users to Group button.
Step 10 To find an end user, specify the search criteria; then, click Find.
Clicking Find without specifying search criteria displays all available options.
Step 11 Check the check boxes for the end users that you want to add to the group; then, click Add Selected.
The users display in the User Group window.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication, on page 216
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Certificate Authority Proxy Function Service Activation
Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not automatically activate the Certificate Authority Proxy
Function service in Cisco Unified Serviceability.
To use the CAPF functionality, you must activate this service on the first node.
If you did not activate this service before you installed and configured the Cisco CTL Client, you must update
the CTL file.
After you activate the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service, CAPF automatically generates a
key pair and certificate that is specific for CAPF. The CAPF certificate, which the Cisco CTL Client copies
to your standalone server or all server(s) in the cluster, uses the .0 extension. To verify that the CAPF certificate
exists, display the CAPF certificate at the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System GUI.
Related Topics
Update CTL File, on page 71
Update CAPF Service Parameters
The CAPF Service Parameter window provides information on the number of years that the certificate is valid,
the maximum number of times that the system retries to generate the key, and so on
For the CAPF service parameters to display as Active in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration, you must activate the Certificate Authority Proxy Function service in Cisco Unified
Serviceability.
Tip
If you updated the CAPF service parameters when you used CAPF for the phones, you do not need to
update the service parameters again.
To update the CAPF service parameters, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Service Parameters.
From the Server drop-down list box, choose the server.
Tip
You must choose the first node in the
cluster.
From the Service drop-down list box, choose the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service. Verify
that the word “Active” displays next to the service name.
Update the CAPF service parameters, as described in the help. To display help for the CAPF service parameters,
click the question mark or the parameter name link.
For the changes to take effect, restart the Cisco Certificate Authority Proxy Function service in Cisco Unified
Serviceability.
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Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication, on page 216
Find Application User or End User CAPF Profile
To find an application or end user CAPF profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose one of the following options, depending
on which profile you want to access:
a) User Management > Application User CAPF Profile
b) User Management > End User CAPF Profile
The Find and List window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may also display in the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, ensure the dialog box is empty; go to Step 3, on page 211.
To filter or search records
• From the first drop-down list box, choose a search parameter
a) From the second drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
b) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list
header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication, on page 216
Set Up Application User or End User CAPF Profile
Use Table 18: Application and End User CAPF Profile Configuration Settings , on page 213 as a reference
when you install/upgrade/troubleshoot locally significant certificates for JTAPI/TAPI/CTI applications.
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Tip
Cisco recommends that you configure Application User CAPF Profiles before you configure End User
CAPF Profiles.
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose one of the following options:
a) User Management > Application User CAPF Profile.
b) User Management > End User CAPF Profile.
The Find and List window displays.
Step 2
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new CAPF profile, click Add New in the Find window. (You can also display a profile and then
click Add New.) The configuration window displays with the default settings for each field.
b) To copy an existing profile, locate the appropriate profile and click the Copy icon for that record in the
Copy column. (You can also display a profile and then click Copy.) The configuration window displays
with the settings from the displayed profile.
c) To update an existing entry, locate and display the appropriate profile. The configuration window displays
with the current settings.
Step 3
Step 4
Enter the appropriate settings as described in Table 18: Application and End User CAPF Profile Configuration
Settings , on page 213.
Click Save.
Step 5
Repeat the procedure for each application and end user that you want to use security.
What to Do Next
If you configured the CCMQRTSecureSysUser, IPMASecureSysUser, or WDSecureSysUser in the Application
User CAPF Profile Configuration window, you must configure service parameters.
Related Topics
Find Application User or End User CAPF Profile, on page 211
Set Up JTAPI/TAPI Security-Related Service Parameters, on page 215
Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication, on page 216
CAPF Settings
The following table describes the CAPF settings in the Application User CAPF Profile Configuration and
End User CAPF Profile Configuration windows.
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Table 18: Application and End User CAPF Profile Configuration Settings
Setting
Description
Application User
From the drop-down list box, choose the application user for the CAPF
operation.This setting shows configured application users.
This setting does not display in the End User CAPF Profile window.
End User ID
From the drop-down list box, choose the end user for the CAPF operation.
This setting shows configured end users.
This setting does not display in the Application User CAPF Profile window.
Instance ID
Enter 1-128 alphanumeric characters (a-zA-Z0-9). The Instance ID identifies
the user for the certificate operation.
You can configure multiple connections (instances) of an application.To
secure the connection between the application and CTIManager, ensure that
each instance that runs on the application PC (for end users) or server (for
application users) has a unique certificate.
This field relates to the CAPF Profile Instance ID for Secure Connection to
CTIManager service parameter that supports web services and applications.
Certificate Operation
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• No Pending Operation—Displays when no certificate operation is
occurring. (default setting)
• Install/Upgrade—Installs a new or upgrades an existing locally
significant certificate for the application.
Authentication Mode
The authentication mode for the Install/Upgrade certificate operation specifies
By Authentication String, which means CAPF installs/upgrades or
troubleshoots a locally significant certificate only when the user/administrator
enters the CAPF authentication string in the JTAPI/TSP Preferences window.
Authentication String
Manually enter a unique string or generate a string by clicking the Generate
String button.
Ensure that the string contains 4 to 10 digits.
To install or upgrade a locally significant certificate, the administrator must
enter the authentication string in the JTAPI/TSP preferences GUI on the
application PC. This string supports one-time use only; after you use the
string for the instance, you cannot use it again.
Generate String
If you want CAPF to automatically generate an authentication string, click
this button. The 4- to10-digit authentication string displays in the
Authentication String field.
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Setting
Description
Key Size (bits)
From the drop-down list box, choose the key size for the certificate. The
default setting equals 1024. The other option for key size is 512.
Key generation, which is set at low priority, allows the application to function
while the action occurs. Key generation may take up to 30 or more minutes
to complete.
Operation Completes by
This field, which supports all certificate operations, specifies the date and
time by which you must complete the operation.
The values that display apply for the first node.
Use this setting with the CAPF Operation Expires in (days) enterprise
parameter, which specifies the default number of days in which the certificate
operation must be completed. You can update this parameter any time.
Certificate Operation Status
This field displays the progress of the certificate operation, such as pending,
failed, or successful.
You cannot change the information that displays in this field.
Related Topics
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements, on page 115
Set Up JTAPI/TAPI Security-Related Service Parameters, on page 215
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Delete Application User CAPF or End User CAPF Profile
This section describes how to delete an Application User CAPF Profile or End User CAPF Profile from the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
Before You Begin
Before you can delete an Application User CAPF Profile or End User CAPF Profile from Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration, you must apply a different profile to the devices or delete all
devices that use the profile. To find out which devices use the profile, choose Dependency Records from the
Related Links drop-down list box in the Security Profile Configuration window and click Go.
If the dependency records feature is not enabled for the system, the dependency records summary window
displays a message that shows the action that you can take to enable the dependency records; the message
also displays information about high CPU consumption that is related to the dependency records feature. For
more information about dependency records, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager System
Guide.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the Application User CAPF Profile or End User CAPF Profile.
Perform one of the following tasks:
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a) To delete multiple profiles, check the check boxes next to the appropriate check box in the Find and List
window; then, click Delete Selected. You can delete all configurable records for this selection by clicking
Select All and then clicking Delete Selected.
b) To delete a single profile, check the check box next to the appropriate profile In the Find and List window;
then, click Delete Selected.
Step 3
When prompted to confirm the delete operation, click OK to delete or Cancel to cancel the delete operation.
Related Topics
Find Application User or End User CAPF Profile, on page 211
Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication, on page 216
Set Up JTAPI/TAPI Security-Related Service Parameters
After you configure the Application User CAPF Profile or End User CAPF Profile, you must configure the
following service parameters for Cisco IP Manager Assistant service:
• CTIManager Connection Security Flag
• CAPF Profile Instance ID for Secure Connection to CTIManager
To access the service parameters, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Service Parameters.
From the Server drop-down list box, choose the server where the Cisco IP Manager Assistant service is
activated.
From the Service drop-down list box, choose the Cisco IP Manager Assistant service.
After the parameters display, locate the CTIManager Connection Security Flag and CAPF Profile Instance
ID for Secure Connection to CTIManager parameters.
Update the parameters, as described in the help that displays when you click the question mark or parameter
name link.
Click Save.
Repeat the procedure on each server where the service is activated.
View Certificate Operation Status for Application or End User
You can view the certificate operation status in a specific Application User or End User CAPF Profile
configuration window (not the Find/List window) or in the JTAPI/TSP Preferences GUI window.
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Where to Find More Information About CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Authentication
Related Topics
Authentication for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, on page 204
Encryption for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, on page 205
CAPF Functions for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, on page 206
CAPF System Interactions and Requirements for CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI Applications, on page 207
Securing CTI, JTAPI, and TAPI, on page 207
About Certificate Authority Proxy Function, on page 111
CAPF Settings, on page 212
Set Up JTAPI/TAPI Security-Related Service Parameters, on page 215
View Certificate Operation Status for Application or End User, on page 215
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24
Certificate Revocation/Expiry Status Verification
This chapter provides a brief overview of how to check the status of the certificates generated for sessions
in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. The certificate service periodically checks for
long lived sessions between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and other services. Long lived sessions
have duration of six hours or more. The check is performed for the following long lived sessions:
• CTI Connections with JTAPI /TAPI applications.
• LDAP Connection between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and SunOne servers.
• IPSec Connections
It also describes how to configure the enterprise parameter for verifying certificate revocation and expiry.
The enterprise parameter Certificate Revocation and Expiry allows you to control the certificate validation
checks. The revocation and expiry check parameter is enabled on the Enterprise Parameter page of Cisco
Unified Communications Manager. The certificate expiry for the long lived sessions is not verified, when
the enterprise parameter value is disabled.
The certificate revocation service is active for LDAP and IPSec connections, when the Enable Revocation
is selected on the Operating System Administration of Cisco Unified Communications Manager and revocation
and expiry check parameter is set to enabled. The periodicity of the check for IPSec connections are based
on the Check Every value. The revocation check for the certificate is not performed, if the Enable Revocation
check box is unchecked.
• Certificate Revocation/Expiry Status Verification, page 217
• Verify Certificate Status, page 218
• Support for Delegated Trust Model in OCSP Response, page 218
Certificate Revocation/Expiry Status Verification
This chapter provides a brief overview of how to check the status of the certificates generated for sessions in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. The certificate service periodically checks for long
lived sessions between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and other services. Long lived sessions have
duration of six hours or more. The check is performed for the following long lived sessions:
• CTI Connections with JTAPI /TAPI applications.
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• LDAP Connection between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and SunOne servers.
• IPSec Connections
It also describes how to configure the enterprise parameter for verifying certificate revocation and expiry.
The enterprise parameter Certificate Revocation and Expiry allows you to control the certificate validation
checks. The revocation and expiry check parameter is enabled on the Enterprise Parameter page of Cisco
Unified Communications Manager. The certificate expiry for the long lived sessions is not verified, when the
enterprise parameter value is disabled.
The certificate revocation service is active for LDAP and IPSec connections, when the Enable Revocation
is selected on the Operating System Administration of Cisco Unified Communications Manager and revocation
and expiry check parameter is set to enabled. The periodicity of the check for IPSec connections are based
on the Check Every value. The revocation check for the certificate is not performed, if the Enable Revocation
check box is unchecked.
Verify Certificate Status
The following procedure provides the tasks that you perform to enable or disable the certificate validity check.
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Enterprise Parameters
The Enterprise Parameters Configuration window displays.
Step 2
Under Certificate Revocation and Expiry section,
a) From the Certificate Validity Check drop-down list box, select Enabled to enable the validity check.
b) Enter the Validity Check Frequency (hours) value.
The default value is 24 hours. The minimum value is 6 hours and the maximum value is 576 hours.
Step 3
Step 4
Click Save.
Click Apply Config.
The Apply Configuration Information dialog displays.
Step 5
Click Ok.
The timers for DIRSYNC and CTI are restarted.
Support for Delegated Trust Model in OCSP Response
Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) allows a device to obtain real-time information about the status of
a given certificate. Examples of certificate status are Good, Revoked, and Unknown.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses OCSP to validate third-party certificates that are uploaded into
the Cisco Unified Communications Manager trust store. Cisco Unified Communications Manager requires
an OCSP Responder URL to connect to the OCSP responder server over HTTP. It sends an HTTP request to
the responder to validate a certificate.
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Cisco Unified Communications Manager currently supports the Trusted Responder Model of OCSP, where
the OCSP response is signed by a self-signed certificate of the OCSP server. This self-signed certificate is
uploaded to the trust store before initiating an OCSP request. This certificate is used to verify the signature
on the OCSP response.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager 11.0 and later support the Delegated Trust Model (DTM) of the
OCSP responder, where the OCSP responses are no longer approved by the self-signed certificate but are
issued by a Certificate Authority (Root CA or Subordinate CA). The CA certificate validates the OCSP
responder certificates. The CA certificate that issued the OCSP responder certificate in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager trust store is required, instead of OCSP response signing certificate. When you
receive an OCSP response, the CA's certificate is used to validate the signature in the response.
Note
In case of a DTM execution failure, the OCSP response is verified using the self-signed certificate.
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PART
V
Security for SRST References, Trunks, and
Gateways
• Secure Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) Reference, page 223
• Encryption Setup for Gateways and Trunks, page 229
• SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup, page 235
• Digest Authentication Setup for SIP Trunks, page 245
• Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Setup, page 251
• FIPS 140-2 Mode Setup, page 257
CHAPTER
25
Secure Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST)
Reference
This chapter provides information about SRST references.
• Securing SRST, page 223
• Securing SRST Tips, page 224
• Set Up Secure SRST, page 225
• Set Up Secure SRST References, page 225
• SRST Reference Security Settings, page 227
• Delete Security From SRST Reference, page 228
• SRST Certificate Deletion From Gateway, page 228
• Where to Find More Information About Securing SRST, page 228
Securing SRST
A SRST-enabled gateway provides limited call-processing tasks if the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
cannot complete the call.
Secure SRST-enabled gateways contain a self-signed certificate. After you perform SRST configuration tasks
in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses a
TLS connection to authenticate with the Certificate Provider service in the SRST-enabled gateway. Cisco
Unified Communications Manager then retrieves the certificate from the SRST-enabled gateway and adds
the certificate to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
After you reset the dependent devices in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, the TFTP
server adds the SRST-enabled gateway certificate to the phone cnf.xml file and sends the file to the phone.
A secure phone then uses a TLS connection to interact with the SRST-enabled gateway.
Tip
The phone configuration file only contains a certificate from a single issuer. Consequently, the system
does not support HSRP.
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Securing SRST Tips
Ensure that the following criteria are met to secure the connection between the secure phone and the
SRST-enabled gateway:
• The SRST reference contains a self-signed certificate.
• You configured Mixed Mode through the Cisco CTL Client.
• You configured the phone for authentication or encryption.
• You configured the SRST reference in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
• You reset the SRST-enabled gateway and the dependent phones after the SRST configuration.
Note
Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides the PEM format files that contain phone certificate
information to the SRST-enabled gateway.
Note
For LSC authentication, download the CAPF root certificate (CAPF.der). This root certificate allows the
secure SRST to verify the phone LSC during the TLS handshake.
• When the cluster security mode equals nonsecure, the device security mode remains nonsecure in the
phone configuration file, even though Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration may
indicate that the device security mode is authenticated or encrypted. Under these circumstances, the
phone attempts nonsecure connections with the SRST-enabled gateway and Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
Note
Cluster security mode configures the security capability for your standalone server or
a cluster.
• When the cluster security mode equals nonsecure, the system ignores the security-related configuration;
for example, the device security mode, the Is SRST Secure? check box, and so on. The configuration
does not get deleted in from the database, but security is not provided.
• The phone attempts a secure connection to the SRST-enabled gateway only when the cluster security
mode equals Mixed Mode, the device security mode in the phone configuration file is set to authenticated
or encrypted, the Is SRST Secure? check box is checked in the SRST Configuration window, and a
valid SRST-enabled gateway certificate exists in the phone configuration file.
• If you configured secure SRST references in a previous Cisco Unified Communications Manager release,
the configuration automatically migrates during the upgrade.
• If phones in encrypted or authenticated mode fail over to SRST, and, during the connection with SRST,
the cluster security mode switches from Mixed Mode to Nonsecure Mode, these phones will not fall
back to Cisco Unified Communications Manager automatically. You must power down the SRST router
to force these phones to reregister to Cisco Unified Communications Manager. After phones fall back
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to Cisco Unified Communications Manager, you can power up SRST, and failover and fallback will be
automatic again.
Set Up Secure SRST
The following procedure provides the tasks to perform the SRST configuration process for security.
Procedure
Step 1
Verify that you performed all necessary tasks on the SRST-enabled gateway, so the device supports Cisco
Unified Communications Manager and security.
For more information, see the Cisco IOS SRST Version System Administrator Guide that supports this version
of Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Step 2
Step 3
Verify that you performed all necessary tasks to install and configure the Cisco CTL Client.
Verify that a certificate exists in the phone.
For more information, refer to the Cisco Unified IP Phone documentation for your phone model.
Step 4
Step 5
Verify that you configured the phones for authentication or encryption.
Configure the SRST reference for security, which includes enabling the SRST reference in the Device Pool
Configuration window.
Reset the SRST-enabled gateway and phones.
Step 6
Related Topics
Apply Phone Security Profile, on page 100
Set Up Secure SRST References, on page 225
Set Up Secure SRST References
Consider the following information before you add, update, or delete the SRST reference in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration:
• Adding a Secure SRST Reference—The first time that you configure the SRST reference for security,
you must configure all settings that are described in Table 19: Configuration Settings for Secure SRST
References , on page 227.
• Updating a Secure SRST Reference—Performing SRST updates in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration does not automatically update the SRST-enabled gateway certificate. To update
the certificate, you must click the Update Certificate button; after you click the button, the contents of
the certificate display, and you must accept or reject the certificate. If you accept the certificate, Cisco
Unified Communications Manager replaces the SRST-enabled gateway certificate in the trust folder on
the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server or on each Cisco Unified Communications Manager
server in the cluster.
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• Deleting a Secure SRST Reference—Deleting a secure SRST reference removes the SRST-enabled
gateway certificate from the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database and the cnf.xml file in
the phone.
For information on how to delete SRST references, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration Guide.
To configure a secure SRST reference, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > SRST.
The Find and List window displays.
Step 2
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new SRST reference, click Add New in the Find window. (You can also display a profile and
then click Add New.) The configuration window displays with the default settings for each field.
b) To copy an existing SRST reference, locate the appropriate SRST reference as described in the Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide, and click the Copy icon for that record in the
Copy column. (You can also display a profile and then click Copy.) The configuration window displays
with the configured settings.
c) To update an existing SRST reference, locate the appropriate SRST reference as described in the Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
The configuration window displays with the current settings.
Step 3
Enter the security-related settings as described in Table 19: Configuration Settings for Secure SRST
References , on page 227.
For descriptions of additional SRST reference configuration settings, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration Guide.
The Find and List window displays.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
After you check the Is SRST Secure? check box, a dialog box displays a message that you must download
the SRST certificate by clicking the Update Certificate button. Click OK.
Click Save.
To update the SRST-enabled gateway certificate in the database, click the Update Certificate button.
Tip
This button displays only after you check the Is SRST Secure? check box and click
Save.
The fingerprint for the certificate displays. To accept the certificate, click Save.
Click Close.
In the SRST Reference Configuration window, click Reset.
What to Do Next
Verify that you enabled the SRST reference in the Device Pool Configuration window.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Securing SRST, on page 228
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SRST Reference Security Settings
The following table describes the available settings for secure SRST references in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
Table 19: Configuration Settings for Secure SRST References
Setting
Description
Is SRST Secure?
After you verify that the SRST-enabled gateway contains a self-signed
certificate, check this check box.
After you configure the SRST and reset the gateway and dependent phones,
the Cisco CTL Provider service authenticates to the Certificate Provider
service on the SRST-enabled gateway. The Cisco CTL Client retrieves the
certificate from the SRST-enabled gateway and stores the certificate in the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
To remove the SRST certificate from the database and phone, uncheck
this check box, click Save, and reset the dependent phones.
This port monitors requests for the Certificate Provider service on the
SRST-enabled gateway. Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses this
port to retrieve the certificate from the SRST-enabled gateway. The
Cisco SRST Certificate Provider default port equals 2445.
Tip
SRST Certificate Provider
Port
After you configure this port on the SRST-enabled gateway, enter the port
number in this field.
You may need to configure a different port number if the port is
currently used or if you use a firewall and you cannot use the port
within the firewall.The port number must exist in the range of 1024
and 49151; otherwise, the following message displays: Port Numbers
can only contain digits.
Tip
This button displays only after you check the Is SRST Secure? check
box and click Save.
After you click this button, the Cisco CTL Client replaces the existing
SRST-enabled gateway certificate that is stored in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager database, if a certificate exists in the database.
After you reset the dependent phones, the TFTP server sends the cnf.xml file
(with the new SRST-enabled gateway certificate) to the phones.
Tip
Update Certificate
Related Topics
Securing SRST Tips, on page 224
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
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Delete Security From SRST Reference
To make the SRST reference nonsecure after you configure security, uncheck the Is SRTS Secure? check box
in the SRST Configuration window. A message states that you must turn off the credential service on the
gateway.
SRST Certificate Deletion From Gateway
If the SRST certificate no longer exists in the SRST-enabled gateway, you must remove the SRST certificate
from the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database and the phone.
To perform this task, uncheck the Is SRST Secure? check box and click Update in the SRST Configuration
window; then, click Reset Devices.
Where to Find More Information About Securing SRST
Related Topics
Securing SRST, on page 223
Securing SRST Tips, on page 224
Set Up Secure SRST, on page 225
SRST Reference Security Settings, on page 227
Delete Security From SRST Reference, on page 228
SRST Certificate Deletion From Gateway, on page 228
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Encryption Setup for Gateways and Trunks
This chapter provides information about encryption setup for gateways and trunks.
• Cisco IOS MGCP Gateway Encryption, page 229
• H.323 Gateway and H.323/H.225/H.245 Trunk Encryption, page 230
• SIP Trunk Encryption, page 231
• Set Up Secure Gateways and Trunks, page 232
• IPSec Setup Within Network Infrastructures, page 233
• IPSec Setup Between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Gateway or Trunks, page 233
• Allow SRTP Using Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, page 234
• Where to Find More Information About Gateway and Trunk Encryption, page 234
Cisco IOS MGCP Gateway Encryption
Cisco Unified Communications Manager supports gateways that use the MGCP SRTP package, which the
gateway uses to encrypt and decrypt packets over a secure RTP connection. The information that gets exchanged
during call setup determines whether the gateway uses SRTP for a call. If the devices support SRTP, the
system uses a SRTP connection. If at least one device does not support SRTP, the system uses a RTP connection.
SRTP-to-RTP fallback (and vice versa) may occur for transfers from a secure device to a non-secure device,
conferencing, transcoding, music on hold, and so on.
When the system sets up an encrypted SRTP call between two devices, Cisco Unified Communications
Manager generates a master encryption key and salt for secure calls and sends them to the gateway for the
SRTP stream only. Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not send the key and salt for SRTCP streams,
which the gateway also supports. These keys get sent to the gateway over the MGCP signaling path, which
you should secure by using IPSec. Although Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not recognize
whether an IPSec connection exists, the system sends the session keys to the gateway in the clear if IPSec is
not configured. Confirm that the IPSec connection exists, so the session keys get sent through a secure
connection.
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H.323 Gateway and H.323/H.225/H.245 Trunk Encryption
Tip
If the MGCP gateway, which is configured for SRTP, is involved in a call with an authenticated device,
for example, an authenticated phone that is running SCCP, a shield icon displays on the phone because
Cisco Unified Communications Manager classifies the call as authenticated. Cisco Unified Communications
Manager classifies a call as encrypted if the SRTP capabilities for the devices are successfully negotiated
for the call. If the MGCP gateway is connected to a phone that can display security icons, the phone
displays the lock icon when the call is encrypted.
H.323 Gateway and H.323/H.225/H.245 Trunk Encryption
H.323 gateways and gatekeeper or non-gatekeeper controlled H.225/H.323/H.245 trunks that support security
can authenticate to Cisco Unified Communications Manager if you configure an IPSec association in the
Cisco Unified Communications Operating System. For information on creating an IPSec association between
Cisco Unified Communications Manager and these devices, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications
Operating System Administration Guide.
The H.323, H.225, and H.245 devices generate the encryption keys. These keys get sent to Cisco Unified
Communications Manager through the signaling path, which you secure through IPSec. Although Cisco
Unified Communications Manager does not recognize whether an IPSec connection exists, the session keys
get sent in the clear if IPSec is not configured. Confirm that the IPSec connection exists, so the session keys
get sent through a secure connection.
In addition to configuring an IPSec association, you must check the SRTP Allowed check box in the device
configuration window in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration; for example, the H.323
Gateway, the H.225 Trunk (Gatekeeper Controlled), the Inter-Cluster Trunk (Gatekeeper Controlled), and
the Inter-Cluster Trunk (Non-Gatekeeper Controlled) configuration windows. If you do not check this check
box, Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses RTP to communicate with the device. If you check the
check box, Cisco Unified Communications Manager allows secure and nonsecure calls to occur, depending
on whether SRTP is configured for the device.
Caution
If you check the SRTP Allowed check box in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration,
Cisco strongly recommends that you configure IPSec, so security-related information does not get sent
in the clear.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager does not confirm that you configured the IPSec connection
correctly. If you do not configure the connection correctly, security-related information may get sent in
the clear.
If the system can establish a secure media or signaling path and if the devices support SRTP, the system uses
a SRTP connection. If the system cannot establish a secure media or signaling path or if at least one device
does not support SRTP, the system uses a RTP connection. SRTP-to-RTP fallback (and vice versa) may occur
for transfers from a secure device to a non-secure device, conferencing, transcoding, music on hold, and so
on.
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Tip
If the call uses pass-through capable MTP, if the audio capabilities for the device match after region
filtering, and if the MTP Required check box is not checked for any device, Cisco Unified Communications
Manager classifies the call as secure. If the MTP Required check box is checked, Cisco Unified
Communications Manager disables audio pass-through for the call and classifies the call as nonsecure. If
no MTP is involved in the call, Cisco Unified Communications Manager may classify the call as encrypted,
depending on the SRTP capabilities of the devices.
For SRTP-configured devices, Cisco Unified Communications Manager classifies a call as encrypted if
the SRTP Allowed check box is checked for the device and if the SRTP capabilities for the devices are
successfully negotiated for the call. If the preceding criteria are not met, Cisco Unified Communications
Manager classifies the call as nonsecure. If the device is connected to a phone that can display security
icons, the phone displays the lock icon when the call is encrypted.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager classifies outbound faststart calls over a trunk or gateway as
nonsecure. If you check the SRTP Allowed check box in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration, Cisco Unified Communications Manager disables the Enable Outbound FastStart check
box.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager allows some types of gateways and trunks to transparently pass
through the shared secret (Diffie-Hellman key) and other H.235 data between two H.235 endpoints, so the
two endpoints can establish a secure media channel.
To enable the passing through of H.235 data, check the H.235 pass through allowed check box in the
configuration settings of the following trunks and gateways:
• H.225 Trunk
• ICT Gatekeeper Control
• ICT non-Gatekeeper Control
• H.323 Gateway
For information about configuring trunks and gateways, see the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration Guide.
SIP Trunk Encryption
SIP trunks can support secure calls both for signaling as well as media; TLS provides signaling encryption
and SRTP provides media encryption.
To configure signaling encryption for the trunk, choose the following options when you configure the SIP
trunk security profile (in the System > Security Profile > SIP Trunk Security Profile window):
• From the Device Security Mode drop-down list, choose “Encrypted.”
• From the Incoming Transport Type drop-down list, choose “TLS.”
• From the Outgoing Transport Type drop-down list, choose “TLS.”
After you configure the SIP trunk security profile, apply it to the trunk (in the Device > Trunk > SIP Trunk
configuration window).
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Set Up Secure Gateways and Trunks
To configure media encryption for the trunk, check the SRTP Allowed check box (also in the DeviceTrunkSIP
Trunk configuration window).
Caution
If you check this check box, Cisco strongly recommends that you use an encrypted TLS profile, so that
keys and other security-related information do not get exposed during call negotiations. If you use a nonsecure profile, SRTP will still work but the keys will be exposed in signaling and traces. In that case, you
must ensure the security of the network between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and the
destination side of the trunk.
Related Topics
Set Up Secure Gateways and Trunks
Use this procedure in conjunction with the document, Media and Signaling Authentication and Encryption
Feature for Cisco IOS MGCP Gateways, which provides information on how to configure your Cisco IOS
MGCP gateways for security.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Verify that you installed and configured the Cisco CTL Client; verify that the cluster security mode equals
Mixed Mode.
Verify that you configured the phones for encryption.
Configure IPSec.
Tip
You may configure IPSec in the network infrastructure, or you may configure IPSec between Cisco
Unified Communications Manager and the gateway or trunk. If you implement one method to set up
IPSec, you do not need to implement the other method.
For H.323 IOS gateways and intercluster trunks, check the SRTP Allowed check box in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
The SRTP Allowed check box displays in the Trunk Configuration or Gateway Configuration window. For
information on how to display these windows, refer to the trunk and gateway chapters in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration Guide.
For SIP trunks, configure the SIP trunk security profile and apply it to the trunk(s), if you have not already
done so. Also, be sure to check the “SRTP Allowed” check box in the Device > Trunk > SIP Trunk
configuration window.
Caution
If you check the “SRTP Allowed” check box, Cisco strongly recommends that you use an encrypted
TLS profile, so that keys and other security-related information does not get exposed during call
negotiations. If you use a non-secure profile, SRTP will still work but the keys will be exposed in
signaling and traces. In that case, you must ensure the security of the network between Cisco
Unified Communications Manager and the destination side of the trunk.
Perform security-related configuration tasks on the gateway.
For more information, see Media and Signaling Authentication and Encryption Feature for Cisco IOS MGCP
Gateways.
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Related Topics
IPSec Setup Between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Gateway or Trunks, on page 233
IPSec Setup Within Network Infrastructures, on page 233
Default Security Features, on page 47
IPSec Setup Within Network Infrastructures
This document does not describe how to configure IPSec. Instead, it provides considerations and
recommendations for configuring IPSec in your network infrastructure. If you plan to configure IPSec in the
network infrastructure and not between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and the device, review the
following information before you configure IPSec:
• Cisco recommends that you provision IPSec in the infrastructure rather than in the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager itself.
• Before you configure IPSec, consider existing IPSec or VPN connections, platform CPU impact,
bandwidth implications, jitter or latency, and other performance metrics.
• Review the Voice and Video Enabled IPSec Virtual Private Networks Solution Reference Network Design
Guide.
• Review the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide, Release 12.2 (or later).
• Terminate the remote end of the IPSec connection in the secure Cisco IOS MGCP gateway.
• Terminate the host end in a network device within the trusted sphere of the network where the telephony
servers exist; for example, behind a firewall, access control list (ACL), or other layer three device.
• The equipment that you use to terminate the host-end IPSec connections depends on the number of
gateways and the anticipated call volume to those gateways; for example, you could use Cisco VPN
3000 Series Concentrators, Catalyst 6500 IPSec VPN Services Module, or Cisco Integrated Services
Routers.
• Perform the steps in the order that is specified in the topics related to setting up secure gateways and
trunks.
Caution
Failing to configure the IPSEC connections and verify that the connections are active may compromise
privacy of the media streams.
IPSec Setup Between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Gateway
or Trunks
For information on configuring IPSec between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and the gateways or
trunks that are described in this chapter, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System
Administration Guide.
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Allow SRTP Using Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
The SRTP Allowed check box displays in the following configuration windows in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration:
• H.323 Gateway Configuration window
• H.225 Trunk (Gatekeeper Controlled) Configuration window
• Inter-Cluster Trunk (Gatekeeper Controlled) Configuration window
• Inter-Cluster Trunk (Non-Gatekeeper Controlled) Configuration window
• SIP Trunk Configuration window
To configure the SRTP Allowed check box for H.323 gateways and gatekeeper or non-gatekeeper controlled
H.323/H.245/H.225 trunks or SIP trunks, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Find the gateway or trunk, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
After you open the configuration window for the gateway/trunk, check the SRTP Allowed check box.
Caution
If you check the “SRTP Allowed” check box for a SIP trunk, Cisco strongly recommends that you
use an encrypted TLS profile, so keys and other security-related information are not exposed during
call negotiations. If you use a non-secure profile, SRTP will still work but the keys will be exposed
in signaling and traces. In that case, you must ensure the security of the network between Cisco
Unified Communications Manager and the destination side of the trunk.
Click Save.
To reset the device, click Reset.
Verify that you configured IPSec correctly for H323. (For SIP, make sure you configured TLS correctly.)
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Gateway and Trunk Encryption, on page 234
Where to Find More Information About Gateway and Trunk Encryption
Related Topics
Authentication, Integrity, and Authorization, on page 22
Encryption, on page 27
Cisco IOS MGCP Gateway Encryption, on page 229
H.323 Gateway and H.323/H.225/H.245 Trunk Encryption, on page 230
SIP Trunk Encryption, on page 231
Set Up Secure Gateways and Trunks, on page 232
IPSec Setup Within Network Infrastructures, on page 233
IPSec Setup Between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Gateway or Trunks, on page 233
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SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup
This chapter provides information about SIP trunk security profile setup.
• About SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup, page 235
• SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup Tips, page 235
• Find SIP Trunk Security Profile, page 236
• Set Up SIP Trunk Security Profile, page 237
• SIP Trunk Security Profile Settings, page 237
• Apply SIP Trunk Security Profile, page 241
• Synchronize SIP Trunk Security Profile with SIP Trunks, page 242
• Delete SIP Trunk Security Profile, page 243
• Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles, page 244
About SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration groups security-related settings for the SIP trunk to
allow you to assign a single security profile to multiple SIP trunks. Security-related settings include device
security mode, digest authentication, and incoming/outgoing transport type settings. You apply the configured
settings to the SIP trunk when you choose the security profile in the Trunk Configuration window.
Installing Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides a predefined, nonsecure SIP trunk security profile
for autoregistration. To enable security features for a SIP trunk, configure a new security profile and apply it
to the SIP trunk. If the trunk does not support security, choose a nonsecure profile.
Only security features that the SIP trunk supports display in the security profile settings window.
SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup Tips
Consider the following information when you configure SIP trunk security profiles in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration:
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Find SIP Trunk Security Profile
• When you are configuring a SIP trunk, you must select a security profile in the Trunk Configuration
window. If the device does not support security, apply a nonsecure profile.
• You cannot delete a security profile that is currently assigned to a device.
• If you change the settings in a security profile that is already assigned to a SIP trunk, the reconfigured
settings apply to all SIP trunks that are assigned that profile.
• You can rename security files that are assigned to devices. The SIP trunks that are assigned the old
profile name and settings assume the new profile name and settings.
• If you configured the device security mode prior to a Cisco Unified Communications Manager 5.0 or
later upgrade, Cisco Unified Communications Manager creates a profile for the SIP trunk and applies
the profile to the device.
Find SIP Trunk Security Profile
To find a SIP trunk security profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Choose System > Security Profile > SIP Trunk Security Profile.
The Find and List window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may also display in the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, ensure the dialog box is empty; go to Step 3, on page 236.
To filter or search records
a) From the drop-down list box, choose a search parameter.
b) Then from the drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list
header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles, on page 244
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Set Up SIP Trunk Security Profile
To add, update, or copy a SIP trunk security profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Security Profile > SIP Trunk
Security Profile.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new profile, click Add New in the Find window.
(You can also display a profile and then click Add New.)
The configuration window displays with the default settings for each field.
b) To copy an existing security profile, locate the appropriate profile and click the Copy icon for that record
in the Copy column.
(You can also display a profile and then click Copy.)
The configuration window displays with the configured settings.
c) To update an existing profile, locate and display the appropriate security profile as described in Find SIP
Trunk Security Profile, on page 236.
The configuration window displays with the current settings.
Step 3
Step 4
Enter the appropriate settings as described in Table 20: SIP Trunk Security Profile Configuration Settings,
on page 238.
Click Save.
What to Do Next
After you create the security profile, apply it to the trunk.
If you configured digest authentication for SIP trunks, you must configure the digest credentials in the SIP
Realm window for the trunk and Application User window for applications that are connected through the
SIP trunk, if you have not already done so.
If you enabled application-level authorization for applications that are connected through the SIP trunk, you
must configure the methods that are allowed for the application in the Application User window, if you have
not already done so.
Related Topics
Apply SIP Trunk Security Profile, on page 241
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles, on page 244
SIP Trunk Security Profile Settings
The following table describes the settings for the SIP Trunk Security Profile.
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Table 20: SIP Trunk Security Profile Configuration Settings
Setting
Description
Name
Enter a name for the security profile. When you save the new profile, the
name displays in the SIP Trunk Security Profile drop-down list box in the
Trunk Configuration window.
Description
Enter a description for the security profile. The description can include up to
50 characters in any language, but it cannot include double-quotes ("),
percentage sign (%), ampersand (&), back-slash (\), or angle brackets (<>).
Device Security Mode
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• Non Secure—No security features except image authentication apply.
A TCP or UDP connection opens to Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
• Authenticated—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides
integrity and authentication for the trunk. A TLS connection that uses
NULL/SHA opens.
• Encrypted—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides
integrity, authentication, and signaling encryption for the trunk. A TLS
connection that uses AES128/SHA opens for signaling.
Incoming Transport Type
When Device Security Mode is Non Secure, TCP+UDP specifies the transport
type.
When Device Security Mode is Authenticated or Encrypted, TLS specifies
the transport type.
Note
Outgoing Transport Type
The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol secures the connection
between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and the trunk.
From the drop-down list box, choose the outgoing transport mode.
When Device Security Mode is Non Secure, choose TCP or UDP.
When Device Security Mode is Authenticated or Encrypted, TLS specifies
the transport type.
Note
Tip
TLS ensures signaling integrity, device authentication, and signaling
encryption for SIP trunks.
You must use UDP as the outgoing transport type when connecting
SIP trunks between Cisco Unified Communications Manager systems
and IOS gateways that do not support TCP connection reuse.
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Setting
Description
Enable Digest Authentication Check this check box to enable digest authentication. If you check this check
box, Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges all SIP requests
from the trunk.
Digest authentication does not provide device authentication, integrity or
confidentiality. Choose a security mode of Authenticated or Encrypted to use
these features.
Tip
Nonce Validity Time
Enter the number of minutes (in seconds) that the nonce value is valid. The
default value equals 600 (10 minutes). When the time expires, Cisco Unified
Communications Manager generates a new value.
Note
X.509 Subject Name
Use digest authentication to authenticate SIP trunk users on trunks
that are using TCP or UDP transport.
A nonce value, a random number that supports digest authentication,
gets used to calculate the MD5 hash of the digest authentication
password.
This field applies if you configured TLS for the incoming and outgoing
transport type.
For device authentication, enter the subject name of the X.509 certificate for
the SIP trunk device. If you have a Cisco Unified Communications Manager
cluster or if you use SRV lookup for the TLS peer, a single trunk may resolve
to multiple hosts, which results in multiple X.509 subject names for the trunk.
If multiple X.509 subject names exist, enter one of the following characters
to separate the names: space, comma, semicolon, or a colon.
You can enter up to 4096 characters in this field.
Tip
Incoming Port
The subject name corresponds to the source connection TLS certificate.
Ensure subject names are unique for each subject name and port. You
cannot assign the same subject name and incoming port combination
to different SIP trunks.Example: SIP TLS trunk1 on port 5061 has
X.509 Subject Names my_cm1, my_cm2. SIP TLS trunk2 on port
5071 has X.509 Subject Names my_cm2, my_cm3. SIP TLS trunk3
on port 5061 can have X.509 Subject Name my_ccm4 but cannot have
X.509 Subject Name my_cm1.
Choose the incoming port. Enter a value that is a unique port number from
0-65535. The default port value for incoming TCP and UDP SIP messages
specifies 5060. The default SIP secured port for incoming TLS messages
specifies 5061. The value that you enter applies to all SIP trunks that use the
profile.
Tip
All SIP trunks that use TLS can share the same incoming port; all SIP
trunks that use TCP + UDP can share the same incoming port. You
cannot mix SIP TLS transport trunks with SIP non-TLS transport
trunk types on the same port.
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SIP Trunk Security Profile Settings
Setting
Description
Enable Application Level
Authorization
Application-level authorization applies to applications that are connected
through the SIP trunk.
If you check this check box, you must also check the Enable Digest
Authentication check box and configure digest authentication for the trunk.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager authenticates a SIP application user
before checking the allowed application methods.
When application level authorization is enabled, trunk-level authorization
occurs first, and application-level authorization then occurs, which means
that Cisco Unified Communications Manager checks the methods that are
authorized for the trunk (in this security profile) before the methods that are
authorized for the SIP application user in the Application User Configuration
window.
Tip
Consider using application-level authorization if you do not trust the
identity of the application or if the application is not trusted on a
particular trunk; that is, application requests may come from a different
trunk than you expect.
Accept Presence Subscription If you want Cisco Unified Communications Manager to accept presence
subscription requests that come via the SIP trunk, check this check box.
If you checked the Enable Application Level Authorization check box, go
to the Application User Configuration window and check the Accept
Presence Subscription check box for any application users that are authorized
for this feature.
When application-level authorization is enabled, if you check the Accept
Presence Subscription check box for the application user but not for the
trunk, a 403 error message gets sent to the SIP user agent that is connected
to the trunk.
Accept Out-of-Dialog Refer If you want Cisco Unified Communications Manager to accept incoming
non-INVITE, Out-of-Dialog REFER requests that come via the SIP trunk,
check this check box.
If you checked the Enable Application Level Authorization check box, go to
the Application User Configuration window and check the Accept
Out-of-Dialog Refer check box for any application users that are authorized
for this method.
Accept Unsolicited
Notification
If you want Cisco Unified Communications Manager to accept incoming
non-INVITE, unsolicited notification messages that come via the SIP trunk,
check this check box.
If you checked the Enable Application Level Authorization check box, go
to the Application User Configuration window and check the Accept
Unsolicited Notification check box for any application users that are
authorized for this method.
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Setting
Description
Accept Replaces Header
If you want Cisco Unified Communications Manager to accept new SIP
dialogs, which have replaced existing SIP dialogs, check this check box.
If you checked the Enable Application Level Authorization check box, go
to the Application User Configuration window and check the Accept
Header Replacement check box for any application users that are authorized
for this method.
Transmit Security Status
If you want Cisco Unified Communications Manager to transmit the security
icon status of a call from the associated SIP trunk to the SIP peer, check this
check box.
Default: This box is not checked.
SIP V.150 Outbound SDP
Offer Filtering
From the drop-down list box, select one of the following filter options:
• Use Default Filter—The SIP trunk uses the default filter that is
indicated in the SIP V.150 Outbound SDP Offer Filtering service
parameter. To locate the service parameter, go to System > Service
Parameters > Clusterwide Parameters (Device-SIP) in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration.
• No Filtering—The SIP trunk performs no filtering of V.150 SDP lines
in outbound offers.
• Remove MER V.150—The SIP trunk removes V.150 MER SDP lines
in outbound offers. Select this option to reduce ambiguity when the
trunk is connected to a pre-MER V.150 Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
• Remove Pre-MER V.150—The SIP trunk removes any non-MER
compliant V.150 lines in outbound offers. Select this option to reduce
ambiguity when your cluster is contained in a network of MER
compliant devices that are incapable of processing offers with pre-MER
lines.
Related Topics
Authorization, on page 26
Digest Authentication, on page 24
SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup Tips, on page 235
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles, on page 244
Apply SIP Trunk Security Profile
You apply a SIP trunk security profile to the trunk in the Trunk Configuration window. To apply a security
profile to a device, perform the following procedure:
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Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the trunk, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
After the Trunk Configuration window displays, locate the SIP Trunk Security Profile setting.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
From the security profile drop-down list box, choose the security profile that applies to the device.
Click Save.
To reset the trunk, click Apply Config.
What to Do Next
If you applied a profile enabling digest authentication for SIP trunks, you must configure the digest credentials
in the SIP Realm window for the trunk.
If you applied a profile enabling application-level authorization, you must configure the digest credentials
and allowed authorization methods in the Application User window, if you have not already done so.
Related Topics
Configure SIP Realm, on page 248
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles, on page 244
Synchronize SIP Trunk Security Profile with SIP Trunks
To synchronize SIP trunks with a SIP Trunk Security Profile that has undergone configuration changes,
perform the following procedure, which will apply any outstanding configuration settings in the least-intrusive
manner possible. (For example, you may not need to perform a reset/restart on some affected devices.)
Procedure
Step 1
Choose System > Security Profile > SIP Trunk Security Profile.
The Find and List SIP Trunk Security Profiles window displays.
Step 2
Step 3
Choose the search criteria to use.
Click Find.
The window displays a list of SIP trunk security profiles that match the search criteria.
Step 4
Click the SIP trunk security profile to which you want to synchronize applicable SIP trunks. The SIP Trunk
Security Profile Configuration window displays.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Make any additional configuration changes.
Click Save.
Click Apply Config.
The Apply Configuration Information dialog displays.
Step 8
Click OK.
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Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles, on page 244
Delete SIP Trunk Security Profile
This section describes how to delete a SIP trunk security profile from the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database.
Before You Begin
Before you can delete a security profile from Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, you
must apply a different profile to the devices or delete all devices that use the profile. To find out which devices
use the profile, choose Dependency Records from the Related Links drop-down list box in the SIP Trunk
Security Profile Configuration window and click Go.
If the dependency records feature is not enabled for the system, the dependency records summary window
displays a message that shows the action that you can take to enable the dependency records; the message
also displays information about high CPU consumption that is related to the dependency records feature. For
more information about dependency records, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager System
Guide.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the SIP trunk security profile to delete.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To delete multiple security profiles, perform one of these tasks in the Find and List window:
• Check the check boxes next to the security profiles that you want to delete; then, click Delete Selected.
• You can delete all configurable records for this selection by clicking Select All and then clicking
Delete Selected.
b) To delete a single security profile, perform one of these tasks in the Find and List window:
• Check the check box next to the security profile that you want to delete; then, click Delete Selected.
• Click the Name link for the security profile. After the specific Security Profile Configuration window
displays, click Delete Selected.
Step 3
When prompted to confirm the delete operation, click OK to delete or Cancel to cancel the delete operation.
Related Topics
Find SIP Trunk Security Profile, on page 236
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles, on page 244
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Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Security Profiles
Related Topics
About SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup, on page 235
SIP Trunk Security Profile Setup Tips, on page 235
Authorization, on page 26
Interactions, on page 10
Digest Authentication, on page 24
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Digest Authentication Setup for SIP Trunks
This chapter provides information about digest authentication setup for SIP trunks. When you configure
digest authentication for SIP trunks, Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges the identity of the
SIP user agent when it receives a SIP request on the SIP trunk. The SIP user agent, in turn, can challenge
the identity of Cisco Unified Communications Manager when Cisco Unified Communications Manager
sends a SIP request to the trunk. For additional information on how digest authentication works for SIP
trunks, see topics related to digest authentication.
• Set Up SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, page 245
• Set Up Digest Authentication Enterprise Parameters, page 246
• Set Up Digest Credentials, page 246
• Application User Digest Credential Settings, page 247
• Find SIP Realm, page 247
• Configure SIP Realm, page 248
• SIP Realm Settings, page 248
• Delete SIP Realm, page 249
• Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, page 250
Set Up SIP Trunk Digest Authentication
The following procedure describes the tasks to configure digest authentication for SIP trunks.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Configure the SIP trunk security profiles; make sure that you check the Enable Digest Authentication check
box.
Apply a SIP trunk security profile to the trunk.
Configure the enterprise parameter, Cluster ID, if not configured.
This parameter supports Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges to the identity of the SIP user
agent that is sending a SIP request on the SIP trunk.
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Step 4
If Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges the identity of SIP user agents that are sending SIP
requests on the SIP trunk, configure the digest credentials for the application user in the Application User
Configuration window.
Step 5
If Cisco Unified Communications Manager responds to challenges from a trunk peer, configure the SIP realm.
Related Topics
Application User Digest Credential Settings, on page 247
Apply SIP Trunk Security Profile, on page 241
Configure SIP Realm, on page 248
Digest Authentication, on page 24
Set Up Digest Authentication Enterprise Parameters, on page 246
Set Up Digest Credentials, on page 246
SIP Realm Settings, on page 248
Set Up Digest Authentication Enterprise Parameters
To configure the enterprise parameter, Cluster ID, for digest authentication, choose System > Enterprise
Parameters in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. Locate the Cluster ID parameter
and update the value, as described in the Help for the parameter. This parameter supports Cisco Unified
Communications Manager challenges to the identity of the SIP user agent that is sending a SIP request on the
SIP trunk.
Tip
To access the Help for the parameter, click the question mark that displays in the Enterprise Parameters
Configuration window or click the parameter link.
Set Up Digest Credentials
If Cisco Unified Communications Manager challenges the identity of a SIP user agent, you must configure
the digest credentials for the application user in the Application User Configuration window in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration. Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses these credentials
to verify the identity of SIP user agents that are sending requests through the SIP trunk.
To configure the digest credentials for an application user, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Find the application user, as described in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
Click the application user link.
After the specific Application User Configuration window displays, enter the appropriate settings, as
described in Table 22: SIP Realm Security Profile, on page 249.
Click Save.
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Related Topics
SIP Realm Settings, on page 248
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, on page 250
Application User Digest Credential Settings
The following table describes the settings for the digest credential settings in the Application User
Configuration window in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Table 21: Digest Authentication Credentials
Setting
Description
Digest Credentials
Enter a string of alphanumeric characters.
Confirm Digest Credentials
To confirm that you entered the digest credentials correctly, enter the
credentials in this field.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, on page 250
Find SIP Realm
To find a SIP Realm, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose User Management > SIP Realm.
The Find and List window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may also display in the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, ensure the dialog box is empty; go to Step 3, on page 247.
To filter or search records
a) From the first drop-down list box, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
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To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list
header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Note
What to Do Next
If you have not already done so, configure the Cluster ID enterprise parameter.
Related Topics
Set Up Digest Authentication Enterprise Parameters, on page 246
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, on page 250
Configure SIP Realm
If Cisco Unified Communications Manager responds to challenges from one or more trunk peers, you must
configure SIP Realm for each SIP trunk user agent that can challenge Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
To add or update a SIP Realm, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose User Management > SIP Realm.
Enter the appropriate settings as described in Table 22: SIP Realm Security Profile, on page 249.
Click Save.
Step 4
Perform the procedure for all realms that you must add or update.
What to Do Next
To ensure that digest authentication is successful, verify that the same settings that you configured in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager are configured on the SIP user agent.
Related Topics
Find SIP Realm, on page 247
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, on page 250
SIP Realm Settings
The SIP Realm provides the trunk-side credentials when Cisco Unified Communications Manager gets
challenged by a trunk peer.
The following table describes the settings for the SIP Realm.
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Table 22: SIP Realm Security Profile
Setting
Description
Realm
Enter the domain name for the realm that connects to the SIP trunk; for
example, SIPProxy1_xyz.com. You can use alphanumeric characters, period,
dash, underscore, and space.
User
Enter the user name for the SIP user agent in this realm; for example, enter
the Cisco Unified Communications Manager server name. The SIP trunk
uses this user name to challenge this Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Digest Credentials
Enter the password that Cisco Unified Communications Manager uses to
respond to a challenge for this realm and user.
Confirm Digest Credentials
Re-enter the password for verification.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, on page 250
Delete SIP Realm
This section describes how to delete a SIP Realm from the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the SIP Realm to delete.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To delete multiple SIP Realms, perform one of these tasks in the Find and List window:
• Check the check boxes next to the realms that you want to delete; then, click Delete Selected.
You can delete all configurable records for this selection by clicking Select All and then clicking
Delete Selected.
b) To delete a single SIP Realm, perform one of these tasks in the Find and List window:
• Check the check box next to the realm that you want to delete; then, click Delete Selected.
Click the Name link for the realm. After the specific SIP Realm Configuration window displays,
click Delete Selected.
Step 3
When prompted to confirm the delete operation, click OK to delete or Cancel to cancel the delete operation.
Related Topics
Find SIP Realm, on page 247
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Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, on page 250
Where to Find More Information About SIP Trunk Digest Authentication
Related Topics
Digest Authentication, on page 24
Set Up SIP Trunk Digest Authentication, on page 245
Set Up Digest Authentication Enterprise Parameters, on page 246
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Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security
Profile Setup
This chapter provides information about Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server security profile setup.
• About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Setup, page 251
• Find Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, page 252
• Set Up Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, page 253
• Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Settings, page 253
• Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Client Application, page 254
• Delete Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, page 255
• Where to Find More Information About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile,
page 255
About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Setup
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration groups security-related settings to allow you to
assign a single security profile to multiple Mobile Communicator clients. Security-related settings include
device security mode, incoming transport type, and X.509 subject name. Configuring a Cisco Unified Mobility
Advantage server security profile in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration automatically
applies this profile to all configured Mobile Communicator clients on that Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
Only the security features that the Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server supports display in the security
profile settings window.
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Note
You cannot configure Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage servers in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration. For information on setting up a security profile for a Cisco Unified Mobility
Advantage server, refer to your Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage documentation. Make sure that the
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Security Profile you configure on Cisco Unified Communications
Manager matches the security profile on the Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage servers. For information
on configuring a Cisco Unity Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server security profile, see the Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Security Guide.
Find Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile
To find a Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server security profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Security Profile > CUMA
Server Security Profile.
The Find and List CUMA Server Security Profile window displays. Records from an active (prior) query may
also display in the window.
Step 2
To find all records in the database, ensure the dialog box is empty; go to Step 3, on page 252.
To filter or search records
a) From the first drop-down list box, choose a search parameter.
b) From the second drop-down list box, choose a search pattern.
c) Specify the appropriate search text, if applicable.
Note
To add additional search criteria, click the + button. When you add criteria, the system searches
for a record that matches all criteria that you specify. To remove criteria, click the – button to
remove the last added criterion or click the Clear Filter button to remove all added search criteria.
Step 3
Click Find.
All matching records display. You can change the number of items that display on each page by choosing a
different value from the Rows per Page drop-down list box.
Step 4
From the list of records that display, click the link for the record that you want to view.
Note
To reverse the sort order, click the up or down arrow, if available, in the list
header.
The window displays the item that you choose.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, on
page 255
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Set Up Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile
To add, update, or copy a security profile, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Security Profile > CUMA
Server Security Profile.
Perform one of the following tasks:
a) To add a new profile, click Add New in the Find window and continue with Cisco Unified Mobility
Advantage Server Security Profile Setup, on page 251.
b) To copy an existing security profile, locate the appropriate profile and click the Copy button next to the
security profile that you want to copy, and continue with Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security
Profile Setup, on page 251.
c) To update an existing profile, locate the appropriate security profile and continue with Cisco Unified
Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Setup, on page 251.
When you click Add New, the configuration window displays with the default settings for each field.
When you click Copy, the configuration window displays with the copied settings.
Enter the appropriate settings as described in Table 23: Security Profile Settings, on page 253
Click Save.
Related Topics
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Settings, on page 253
Find Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, on page 252
Where to Find More Information About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, on
page 255
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Settings
The following table describes the settings for the Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server security profiles.
Table 23: Security Profile Settings
Setting
Description
Name
Enter a name for the security profile.
Include the device model in the security profile name to help you find
the correct profile when you are searching for or updating a profile.
Enter a description for the security profile. The description can include up to 50
characters in any language, but it cannot include double-quotes ("), percentage
sign (%), ampersand (&), back-slash (\), or angle brackets (<>).
Tip
Description
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Setting
Description
Device Security Mode
From the drop-down list box, choose one of the following options:
• Non Secure—No security features except image authentication exist for
the Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server. A TCP connection opens to
Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
• Authenticated—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides integrity
and authentication for the Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server. A TLS
connection that uses NULL/SHA opens for signaling.
• Encrypted—Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides integrity,
authentication, and encryption for the Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage
server. A TLS connection that uses AES128/SHA opens for signaling, and
SRTP carries the media for all mobile calls.
Transport Type
When Device Security Mode is Non Secure, choose the following option from
the drop-down list box:
• TCP—Choose the Transmission Control Protocol to ensure that packets
get received in the same order as the order in which they are sent. This
protocol ensures that no packets get dropped, but the protocol does not
provide any security.
When Device Security Mode is Authenticated or Encrypted, TLS specifies the
Transport Type. TLS provides signaling integrity, device authentication, and
signaling encryption (encrypted mode only).
X.509 Subject Name
(Required for Authenticated or Encrypted Device Security Mode setting.) This
field applies if you configured TLS as the transport type.
X.509 is an ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector standard for Public
Key Infrastructure in cryptography. The subject name corresponds to the source
connection TLS certificate.
If multiple X.509 subject names exist, enter one of the following characters to
separate the names: space, comma, semicolon, or a colon.
You can enter up to 4096 characters in this field.
Related Topics
Find Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, on page 252
Where to Find More Information, on page 32
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Client Application
No “Device Security Profile” field exists on the device configuration window for a Mobile Communicator
client, which means that you do not have to manually apply the Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server
Security profile to a client.
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Configuring a Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server security profile in Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Administration automatically applies this profile to all configured Mobile Communicator clients on
that Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Related Topics
Where to Find More Information About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, on
page 255
Delete Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile
This section describes how to delete a Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server security profile from the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Find the security profile to delete.
To delete a security profile, perform the following task:
a) In the Find and List window, check the check box next to the appropriate security profile; then, click
Delete Selected.
Step 3
When prompted to confirm the delete operation, click OK to delete or Cancel to cancel the delete operation.
Related Topics
Find Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, on page 252
Where to Find More Information About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile, on
page 255
Where to Find More Information About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage
Server Security Profile
Related Topics
About Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Setup, on page 251
Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server Security Profile Settings, on page 253
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FIPS 140-2 Mode Setup
This chapter provides information about FIPS 140-2 mode setup.
• FIPS 140-2 Setup, page 257
FIPS 140-2 Setup
Caution
FIPS mode is only supported on releases that have been through FIPS compliance. Be warned that FIPS
mode should be disabled before you upgrade to a non-FIPS compliance version of Cisco Unified
Communications Manager.
For information about which releases are FIPS compliant and to view their certifications, see the FIPS
140 document at http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/government/security_certification/net_business_
benefit_seccert_fips140.html.
FIPS, or Federal Information Processing Standard, is a U.S. and Canadian government certification standard
that defines requirements that cryptographic modules must follow.
Certain versions of Unified Communications Manager are FIPS 140-2 compliant, in accordance with the U.S.
National Institute of Standards (NIST), and can operate in FIPS mode, level 1 compliance.
When you enable FIPS 140-2 mode, Unified Communications Manager reboots, runs certification self-tests
at startup, performs the cryptographic modules integrity check, and then regenerates the keying materials. At
this point, Unified Communications Manager operates in FIPS 140-2 mode.
FIPS requirements include the following: performance of startup self-tests and restriction to a list of approved
cryptographic functions.
FIPS mode uses the following FIPS 140-2 level 1 validated cryptographic modules:
• Openssl 0.9.8l with FIPS Module 1.2
• RSA CryptoJ 4.1
• Red Hat Openssl
• Red Hat Openswan
• NSS
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You can perform the following FIPS-related tasks:
• Enable FIPS 140-2 mode
• Disable FIPS 140-2 mode
• Check the status of FIPS 140-2 mode
Note
By default, your system is in non-FIPS mode. You must enable FIPS mode.
Enable FIPS 140-2 Mode
You can enable FIPS 140-2 through the CLI. For more information, see the Command Line Interface Reference
Guide for Cisco Unifed Communications Solutions.
Consider the following information before you enable FIPS 140-2 mode on Unified CM:
• When you switch from non-FIPS to FIPS mode, the MD5 and DES protocols will not be functional.
• In single server clusters, because certificates are regenerated, you need to run the CTL Client or apply
the Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre-8.0 enterprise parameter before you enable FIPS mode. If you
do not perform either of these steps, you must manually delete the ITL file after you enable FIPS mode.
• After you enable FIPS mode on a server, please wait until the server reboots and the phones re-register
successfully before enabling FIPS on the next server.
Caution
Before you enable FIPS mode, we strongly recommend that you perform a system backup. If FIPS checks
fail at start-up, the system halts and requires a recovery CD to be restored.
Procedure
Step 1
Start a CLI session.
For more information, see “Start CLI Session” in the Command Line Interface Reference Guide for Cisco
Unifed Communications Solutions.
Step 2
In the CLI, enter utils fips enable
The following prompts appear:
Security Warning: The operation will regenerate certificates for1)
CallManager
2)Tomcat
3)IPsec
4)TVS
5)CAPF
6)SSH
Any third party CA signed certificates that have been uploaded for the
above
components will need to be re-uploaded. If the system is operating in
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mixed
mode, then the CTL client needs to be run again to update the CTL file.
******************************************************************************
This will change the system to FIPS mode and will reboot.
******************************************************************************
Do you want to continue (yes/no)?
Step 3
Enter yes.
The following message appears:
Generating certificates...Setting FIPS mode in operating system.
FIPS mode enabled successfully.
********************************************************
It is highly recommended that after your system restarts
that a system backup is performed.
********************************************************
The system will reboot in a few minutes.
Unified CM reboots automatically.
Note
Certificates and SSH key are regenerated automatically, in accordance with FIPS requirements.
Note
If you have a single server cluster and applied the Prepare Cluster for Rollback to pre 8.0 enterprise
parameter before you enabled FIPS 140-2 mode, you must disable this enterprise parameter after
making sure that all the phones registered successfully to the server.
In FIPS mode, Unified CM uses RedHat Openswan (FIPS validated) in place of Racoon (non-FIPS
validated). If the security policies in Racoon contain functions that are not FIPS approved, the CLI
command will ask you to redefine the security policies with FIPS approved functions and abort. For
more information, see topics related to IPsec Management in the Cisco Unified Communications
Operating System Administration Guide.
Note
Disable FIPS 140-2 Mode
FIPS 140-2 is disabled through the CLI. For more information, see the Command Line Interface Reference
Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Solutions.
Consider the following information before you disable FIPS 140-2 mode on Cisco Unified Communications
Manager (Unified CM):
• In single or multiple server clusters, we strongly recommend that you run the CTL Client. If the CTL
Client is not run on a single server cluster, you must manually delete the ITL File after disabling FIPS
mode.
• In multiple server clusters, each server must be disabled separately, because FIPS mode is not disabled
cluster-wide but rather on a per-server basis.
To disable FIPS 140-2 mode, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Start a CLI Session.
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For more information, see the Starting a CLI Session section in the Command Line Interface Reference Guide
for Cisco Unified Communications Solutions.
Step 2
In the CLI, enter utils fips disable
Unified CM reboots and is restored to non-FIPS mode.
Note
Certificates and SSH key are regenerated automatically, in accordance with FIPS requirements.
Check FIPS 140-2 Mode Status
To confirm that FIPS 140-2 mode is enabled, check the mode status from the CLI.
To check the status of FIPS 140-2 mode, perform the following procedure:
Procedure
Step 1
Start a CLI Session.
For more information, see the Starting a CLI Session section in the Command Line Interface Reference Guide
for Cisco Unified Communications Solutions.
Step 2
In the CLI, enter utils fips status
The following message appears to confirm that FIPS 140-2 mode is enabled.
admin:utils fips status
The system is operating in FIPS mode. Self test status:
- S T A R T --------------------Executing FIPS selftests
runlevel is N 3
Start time: Thu Apr 28 15:59:24 PDT 2011
NSS self tests passed.
Kernel Crypto tests passed.
Operating System OpenSSL self tests passed.
Openswan self tests passed.
OpenSSL self tests passed.
CryptoJ self tests passed...
FIPS 140-2 Mode Server Reboot
When a Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM) server reboots in FIPS 140-2 mode, it triggers
FIPS startup self-tests in each of the FIPS 140-2 modules after rebooting.
Caution
If any of these self-tests fail, the Unified CM server halts.
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Note
A Unified CM server is automatically rebooted when FIPS is enabled or disabled with the corresponding
CLI command. A user can also initiate a reboot.
Caution
If the startup self-test failed because of a transient error, restarting the Unified CM server fixes the issue.
However, if the startup self-test error persists, it indicates a critical problem in the FIPS module and the
only option is to use a recovery CD.
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A
authentication 10, 11, 22, 204
device 22
digest 22
interactions 10
overview 22
restrictions 10, 11
with CTI/JTAPI/TAPI applications 204
authentication string 111, 121, 122, 206
entering on phone 122
finding phones using 121
with CAPF 111
with CTI/JTAPI/TAPI applications 206
authorization 10, 22, 237
configuration settings (table) 237
for SIP trunk 237
configuring for SIP trunk 237
interactions 10
overview 22
B
barge 17, 143, 145
encryption restrictions with 17
security 143
security icons 145
C
Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF) 18, 65, 111, 112, 113,
115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 206, 207, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215
activating service 117
authentication string 122
entering on phone 122
CAPF service 65
configuration checklist (table) 116
configuration settings (table) 119, 212
for CTI/JTAPI/TAPI applications 212
for phones 119
Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF) (continued)
configuring an application user or end user CAPF profile 211
configuring in Cisco Unified Serviceability 116
deleting an application user or end user CAPF profile 214
finding an application user or end user CAPF profile 211
finding phones using LSC or authentication string 121
generating CAPF report 121
installing 18
interaction with Cisco Unified IP Phone 112
interaction with IPv6 addressing 113
interactions and requirements 115
overview 111
updating service parameters 118
using for phone certificate operations 119
viewing certificate operation status for application user or
end user 215
with CTI/JTAPI/TAPI applications 206, 207, 210
interactions and requirements 207
overview 206
updating service parameters 210
Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs) 18
certificates 18, 42, 44
external CAs 18
Firefox certificate 42
Safari certificate 44
types 18
Cisco Unified IP Phone 9, 78, 85, 89, 92, 112, 119, 122, 125, 140, 148
authentication string 122
entering on phone 122
configuration checklist (table) for security 89
configuration settings (table) 119
for CAPF 119
configuration tips for phone security profiles 92
deleting CTL file 78
disabling the PC Port setting 140
disabling the PC Voice VLAN Access setting 140
disabling the Setting Access setting 140
encrypted configuration file 125
interaction with CAPF 112
secure conference support 148
security icons 9
understanding security 85
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Cisco Unified IP Phone (continued)
viewing security settings 89
computer telephony integration (CTI) 207, 208
configuration checklist (table) for securing 207
secure user groups 208
adding application users and end users 208
conference bridge 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154
conference list 146
configuration checklist (table) for security 152
configuration tips for security 151
configuring minimum Meet-Me security 153
configuring packet capture on a secure conference bridge 154
configuring security 153
minimum Meet-Me security level 146
security 143
security icons 145
security interactions 149
security requirements 144
security restrictions 149
configuration file 27
encryption 27
CTL client 18, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79
CAPF service 65
cluster security mode 73
updating 73
configuration checklist (table) 63
configuration settings (table) 74
configuration tips 62
configuring 65, 68
CTL client 68
TLS port 65
CTL Provider service 64
deleting CTL file on phone 78
installing 18, 67
migrating 67
overview 60
security mode 76
verifying 76
security token 68, 78
changing password 78
configuring CTL client 68
setting the Smart Card service 77
size limit 62
uninstalling 79
upgrading 67
verifying 79
version 79
determining 79
CTL file 71, 73, 78
deleting entry 73
deleting on phone 78
updating 71
CTL Provider 64
activating service 64
D
device authentication 22, 93, 94, 237
configuration settings (table) 94, 237
for phone that is running SCCP 94
for phone that is running SIP 94
for SIP trunk 237
configuring for phones 93
configuring for SIP trunk 237
overview 22
digest authentication 22, 93, 94, 135, 136, 137, 138, 237, 245, 246, 247,
248, 249
associating digest user with a phone 138
cluster ID 246
configuration checklist (table) 135, 245
for phones 135
for SIP trunk 245
configuration settings (table) 94, 137, 237, 247, 248
for application user digest credentials 247
for end user 137
for phone that is running SIP 94
for SIP realm 248
for SIP trunk 237
configuring a SIP realm 248
configuring digest credentials 137, 246
for application user 246
for end user 137
configuring for phones 93
configuring for SIP trunk 237
configuring service parameters 136
deleting a SIP realm 249
finding a SIP realm 247
overview 22
E
encrypted configuration file 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133
configuration checklist (table) 129
configuration settings (table) 131
for manual key 131
configuration tips 128
configuring manual key distribution 130
disabling 133
enabling 130
entering symmetric key 132
manual key configuration checklist (table) 131
manual key distribution 126
phone support 128
symmetric key encryption with public key 127
understanding 125
using symmetric key encryption w/public key 132
encryption 10, 11, 17, 18, 27, 93, 94, 149, 205, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 237
configuration checklist (table) for gateways and trunks 232
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encryption (continued)
configuration settings (table) 94, 237
for phone that is running SCCP 94
for phone that is running SIP 94
for SIP trunk 237
configuring for phones 93
configuring SRTP allowed check box 234
configuring with barge 17
for H.323 gateway 230
for H.323/H.225/H.245 trunk 230
for MGCP gateway 229
for SIP trunk 231
installing 18
interactions 10, 149
overview 27
restrictions 10, 11, 149
signaling 93, 237
configuring for phones 93
configuring for SIP trunk 237
with CTI/JTAPI/TAPI applications 205
etoken 68, 78
changing password 78
configuring CTL client 68
J
JTAPI 207, 215
configuration checklist (table) for securing 207
configuring security service parameters 215
L
locally significant certificate (LSC) 121, 206
finding phones using 121
with CTI/JTAPI/TAPI applications 206
M
media encryption, See encryption
MGCP gateway 232, 233
configuration checklist (table) for security 232
configuring 233
N
F
NMAP scans 29
running 29
file authentication 22, 93
configuring for phones 93
overview 22
P
H
HTTPS 35, 42, 44
overview 35
virtual directories (table) 35
with Firefox 42
with Safari 44
I
image authentication 22
overview 22
integrity 22
overview 22
IPSec 18, 232, 233
configuration checklist (table) for IPSec 232
configuring 233
gateway or trunk considerations 233
infrastructure considerations 233
recommendations 233
phone hardening 140
configuring 140
disabling the PC Port setting 140
disabling the PC Voice VLAN Access setting 140
disabling the Setting Access setting 140
phone security profile 101
synchronizing configuration to applicable phones 101
port 65
CTL Provider 65
Ethernet phone 65
SIP secure 65
protected call 105
S
secure conference 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154
Cisco Unified IP Phone support 148
conference bridge requirements 144
conference list 146
configuration checklist (table) 152
configuration tips 151
configuring minimum Meet-Me security 153
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secure conference (continued)
configuring packet capture 154
configuring secure conference bridge 153
CTI support 149
interactions 149
minimum Meet-Me security level 146
restrictions 149
security icons 145
security overview 143
trunks and gateways 149
secure indication tone 105
secure sockets layer (SSL) 18, 35
installing 18
with HTTPS 35
security 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 27, 30, 32, 35, 60, 67, 68, 71, 78,
149
authentication overview 22
authorization overview 22
best practices 15
certificate types 18
configuration checklist for authentication and encryption
(table) 30
CTL client overview 60
encryption overview 27
external CAs 18
features list 8
HTTPS 35
installing 18
interactions 10, 149
rebooting the cluster 16
rebooting the server 16
resetting devices 16
restarting Cisco Unified Communications Manager service 16
restrictions 10, 11, 149
SCCP calls (table) 8
SIP calls (table) 8
system requirements 7
terminology (table) 3
tokens 60, 67, 68, 71, 78
using barge with encryption 17
where to find more information 32
security mode 73, 76
cluster 73, 76
configuring 73
verifying 76
security profile 91, 92, 93, 94, 100, 102, 235, 236, 237, 241, 243, 251, 252,
254, 255
applying for SIP trunk 241
applying to Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage Server 254
applying to phones 100
configuration settings (table) 94, 237
for phone that is running SCCP 94
for phones that is running SIP 94
for SIP trunk 237
security profile (continued)
configuration tips for phones 92
configuring for phones 93
configuring for SIP trunk 237
deleting for Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage server 255
deleting for phones 102
deleting for SIP trunk 243
finding for Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage servers 252
finding for phones 92
finding for SIP trunk 236
finding phones that use 102
overview for Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage 251
overview for phones 91
overview for SIP trunk 235
security token 68
configuring CTL client 68
signaling authentication 22
overview 22
signaling encryption 27
overview 27
SIP Trunk security profile 242
synchronizing configuration to applicable SIP trunks 242
Site Administrator Security Token (SAST) 60
SRST 223, 224, 225, 228, 257
configuration checklist (table) for securing 225
configuration tips for securing 224
overview for securing 223, 257
troubleshooting 228
certificate deleted on gateway 228
SRST reference 225, 227, 228, 258, 259
configuration settings (table) for security 227
configuring 225, 258, 259
troubleshooting 228
deleting secured reference 228
T
TAPI 207, 215
configuration checklist (table) for securing 207
configuring security service parameters 215
Tftp service 60
TLS Proxy server 60
transport layer security (TLS) 18, 65
port 65
transport security 18, 93, 94, 237
and real-time protocol (RTP) 18
and secure real-time protocol (SRTP) 18
configuration settings (table) 94, 237
for phone that is running SCCP 94
for phone that is running SIP 94
for SIP trunk 237
configuring for phones that are running SIP 93
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transport security (continued)
configuring for SIP trunk 237
IPSec 18
TLS 18
troubleshooting 78, 228
deleting CTL file on phone 78
SRST certificate deleted on gateway 228
V
voice messaging 157, 159
configuration checklist (table) for security 159
security overview 157
security requirements 157
voice messaging port 157, 159, 160
applying a security profile 159
applying a security profile using the Wizard 160
configuration checklist (table) for security 159
security overview 157
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