!"#$%&'()*'()+,-%
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"**(*!+$!"!#$%&!+$!%'.-$/(!%+#!
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,F)+9(31%,BC,+0)1(%0EE$#(*%+"%E$0)+,%".%,((*,%+90+%
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"\%+9(%$#,+4%
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,"#$%
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•! ;0$1#B'%,B$G0+(%_;0!<`a%
–! W""*%10$1#B'%,"B.1(%
–! W""*%,B$GB.%,"B.1(%
–! bcc%3'(,%'".(%,"$BC$(%+90)%$#'(%
•! ;0)%9($E%D#+9%,"#$%,+.B1+B.(%0)*%D0+(.%
#)]$+.03")%
A90+%10$1#B'%*"(,%
5"(,%+9(%,B$GB.%#)%/FE,B'%
%$"D(.%,"#$%E64%
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%$"D(.%,"#$%E64%
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•! !B$GB.%+90+%#,%GB$$F%"J#*#L(*%*"(,%)"+%01#*#GF%,"#$%
0)*%#)1.(0,(%$#'(%)((*%
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•! &''")#B'%,B$G0+(%D#$$%$"D(.%E6%CB+%#+%#,%+9(%
0''")#B'%%%%%R6`d%e%R<fd%d%6d%
Wh8!=S%&R5%@Q@S@RV&Q%!%
•! 6#/9%E6%,"#$,%
•! ;0!<`%d%R06;<f%e%;0;<f%d%R0g!<`%
•! &$$%,"#$,%D#$$%$"D(.%E6%0,%G0.%0,%F"B%)((*%
•! !"%e%6g!<`%%%e%,B$G0+(%E$B,%9F*."/()%
–! A9()%,"#$%90,%$#'(%
6g!<`%d%;0;<f%e%;0!<`%
<!=>6&?@;%
Q#'(%
A9F%D(%0EE$F%$#'(%
"./0)#1%0)*%1")2()3")0$%
•! &$B'#)B'%+"J#1#+F%
–! S0)/0)(,(%+"J#1#+F%
•!
•!
•!
•!
S"%*(]1#()1F%
;0$1#B'%*(]1#()1F%
S0/)(,#B'%*(]1#()1F%
hT@Q5%0)*%i=&QTVh%
•! Q#'(%#,%.(/B$0+(*%CF%<5&%
1.2
6
manganese
0.8
4
0.4
2
aluminum
0
3.5
4.5
0
5.5
Soil pH
6.5
7.5
Solution Mn, mg/l
Solution Al, mg/l
!"$BC#$#+F%"G%&$%0)*%S)%
Form of N on soil pH
BULK
pH
5.2
BULK
NH4+
5.0
BULK
NO35.4
RHIZ
NH4+
4.7
RHIZ
NO36.6
A90+%#,%/"#)/%")4%
%
<./0)#1%R%+()*,%+"%'#/.0+(%,"#$%E6%+"D0.*%)(B+.0$%
MARSCHNER, p450
!D((+%;".)%@0.%h#($*%0)*%
!"#$%E6%
Yield, t/a
11
10
9
Willamette Valley,
early 1980’s
8
5.5
6
6.5
Soil pH
7
S0)B.(,%0)*%1"'E",+,%
•! W.(()%'0)B.(%
•! j0.#(+F%"G%1"'E",+,%
•! j0.#(+F%"G%'0)B.(,%
–! 8"B$+.F%
–! ;"D%
–! 6".,(%
R#+."/()%020#$0C#$#+F%G".%].,+%F(0.%
"./0)#1%
Type
Dairy (dry stack)
Available N
( % of total)
20 to 40
Separated dairy solids
0 to 20
Broiler litter
40 to 70
Horse
0 to 20
!"B.1(K%X(.3$#L#)/%D#+9%S0)B.(-%8RA%@J+%8BC$%kff%
;")2()3")0$%R%
•! !"$BC$(%0+%0EE$#103")%
•! ;0)%,((%#)%0%,"#$%+(,+%
•! T''(*#0+($F%020#$0C$(%0+%0EE$#103")%
•! !$"D%.($(0,(%R%
;B'B$032(%020#$0C$(%R%G."'%%
0)%"./0)#1%,"B.1(%
h(0.%b%
e%
%020#$0C$(%R%
g%
+
f%
+
+
`%
+
+
+
k%
+
+
+
+
S".0$%%
•! 6#/9(.%R%/()(.0$$F%HB#17(.%+"%*(1"'E",(%#)%
,"#$%0)*%.($(0,(%R%+"%E$0)+%
–! P$""*%'(0$%
–! ;9#17()%'0)B.(%
•! S".(%*(1"'E",(*%+9(%E."*B1+%#,%+9(%$")/(.%#+%
$0,+,%#)%,"#$%0)*%,$"D(.%#+,%.($(0,(%D#$$%C(:%
;"'E",+%%
!"'(%C#">,"$#*,%
;KR%.03"%0)*%R%'0*(%020#$0C$(%CF%
*(1"'E",#3")%%
•! ;KR%0C"2(%bk%
–! R%.($(0,(*%CF%*(1"'E",#3")%l%'#1."C#0$%
)((*%%
–! T''"C#$#L03")%_)(/032(%E$0)+>020#$0C$(%Ra%
•! ;KR%C($"D%bk%%
–! R%.($(0,(*%CF%*(1"'E",#3")%m%'#1."C#0$%
)((*%%%
–! 8$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%
%
<?W&RT;%X@?VTQTq@?%;&Q;=Q&V<?%
9NEKOO,'0$$G0.',:".(/"),+0+(:(*B
%
%%
!0'E$(%10$1B$03"),%
n! 6"D%'B19%"G%+9#,%G(.3$#L(.%
,9"B$*%T%0EE$F4%
n! 6"D%*"%+9(,(%+D"%G(.3$#L(.,%
1"'E0.(4%%
n! A90+o,%+9(%19(0E(,+%,"B.1(%
"G%020#$0C$(%R-%8-%p-%(+1:4%
n! 5"(,%+9#,%E."/.0'%'0+19%
'F%G(.3$#L(.%
.(1"''()*03")4%
!"%D90+%($,(%'#/9+%F"B%+.F#)/%+"%
190)/(%D#+9%0%,"#$%0'()*'()+4%
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
X(.3$#L(.%020#$0C#$#+F%
rC(N(.%.""+%/."D+9s%
rD(N(.s%D0+(.%
P(N(.%rC#"$"/Fs%
T)1.(0,(*%"./0)#1%'0N(.%
!"'(%E."E(.+F%%+90+%0%,0$(,%E(.,")%#,%
1")2#)1#)/%F"B%D"B$*%C(%C()(]1#0$%
S#1.")B+.#()+,%
%
•! ;")+."$$(*%CF%E6%
–! <)(%.(0,")%D(%)((*%+"%$#'(%
•! ;0)%C(%*(]1#()+%")%,"'(%,"#$, %%
–! ;9($0+(,%%10)%(J+()*%020#$0C$#$#+F%
Solution Zn, mg/l
q#)1%
0.2
y = -0.0368x + 0.2728
0.15
R2 = 0.4586
0.1
0.05
0
4
5
6
Soil pH
7
8
!E(1#0$+F%E."*B1+,%
!"'(%(J0'E$(,%
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
X"$#0.%G((*,%
&20#$%
R!R%
&/."+0#)%
5;5%
6B'0+(,%%
A0+(.%E()(+.0)+,%
•! P#"%,3'B$0)+,%
•! R0)"%+(19)"$"/F%
&''")#0%$",,%#)%/.0,,%,((*%
X#($*%b-%G0$$%gcbc%
"99:;<=!>:??2!@!!
fc%
gk%
&EE$#(*%btu%7/%RO90%
=.(0%
gc%
=&R>,"$%fg%
;&R%gv%_h0.0a%
bk%
&/."+0#)%
bc%
k%
c%
c%
g%
`%
t%
u%
*=A?!BC:9!=DD><E=F:;!
bc%
bg%
;"),#*(.%%
•! A9()%B,#)/%,E(1#0$+F%E."*B1+,%902(%0%2(.F%
,E(1#]1%.(0,")%U%)"+%C(N(.%F#($*%
•! ;0)%+9(%'0)BG01+B.(%/#2(%F"B%0%.(0,")0C$(%
D0F%#+%D".7,%
–! (:/:%19($0+(,%;0%,"%+90+%8%,+0F,%020#$0C$(-%#)9#C#+,%
B.(0,(%'"$(1B$(^%
V9()%
•! A90+%.(,(0.19%#,%020#$0C$(%+90+%,0F,%#+%D".7,%
–! R"+%YB,+%E.(NF%E#1+B.(,%
•! A90+%*"(,%F"B.%$"10$%0)*%)(#/9C".#)/%
B)#2(.,#3(,%,0F4%
–! 602(%+9(F%*")(%+9(%D".74%
–! A90+%902(%+9(F%9(0.*%0)*%(JE(.#()1(*%
•! ;")+01+%+9",(%+90+%902(%*")(%+9(%D".7%
A9#19%")(%#,%+9(%*B''F4%
S#)(.0$#L03")%r!(.#(,s%+"%E.(*#1+%
$")/>+(.'%R%020#$0C#$#+F%
@\(1+%"G%.(,#*B(%R%1")1()+.03")%0)*%
3$$0/(%")%020#$0C$(%R%
Available N (% of total N)
70
60
50
Tilled in
40
Left on
surface
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
Manure total N (% dry wt)
5
!"B.1(K%X(.3$#L#)/%D#+9%S0)B.(-%8RA%@J+%8BC$%kff%
S0)B.(%"./0)#1%RK%%
r*(10Fs%,(.#(,%
%h(0.
%&))B0$
%
%;B'B$032(%
% % %>>>%E(.1()+%"G%"./0)#1%R%>>>%
%
% %b
% %g
% %f
% %`>bc
%
%
%
%
%`c
%gc
%bc
%k
%
%
%
%
%`c%
%kg%
%kv%
%tc>vc%
Cumulative N mineralized
(% of annual N applied)
S#)(.0$#L03")%,(.#(,%(,3'0+(%
1B'B$032(%R%020#$0C#$#+F%
100
80
Fresh manure
50-20-10-5-5 %
of remaining N
60
40
Compost
10-10-10-10-10 %
20
of remaining N
0
2
4
6
8
10
Year of continuous application
12
@J0'E$(K%X#.,+>F(0.%020#$0C$(%R%
w%k%+")O01%%_kcx%'"#,+B.(a%
Material
Total N Available N
Yr 1-5
(% total N, dry (lb/ac) (fraction of Min series
total)
(% of total N
wt. basis)
remaining)
Broiler litter (4 %
N)
200
0.50
50-20-10-5
-5
Dairy solids
compost
(2 % N)
100
0.10
10-10-10-1
0-10
Urban Yard
Debris Compost
(1 % N)
50
0.05
5-5-5-5-5
@J0'E$(K%X#.,+>F(0.%020#$0C$(%R%
w%k%+")O01%%_kcx%'"#,+B.(a%
Material
Total N Available N Available
(lb/ac) (fraction of N (lb/ac)
(% total N,
dry wt. basis)
total)
Broiler litter
200
0.50
100
(4 % N)
Dairy solids
compost (2 % N)
100
0.10
10
Urban yard
debris compost
(1 % N)
50
0.05
3
@J0'E$(K%&20#$0C$(%%R%0[(.%k%F(0.,%
w%k%+")O01%%_kcx%'"#,+B.(a%
Material
Total N Current Mineralized
(% total N)
applied
this year
(lb/ac)
(lb/ac)
from stored
N (lb/ac)
Chicken manure
(4 % N)
200
100
35
Dairy manure
compost
(2 % N)
100
10
31
Urban yard
debris compost
(1 % N)
50
3
8
&20#$0C$(%RK%Q")/%+(.'%
%
•! 7CG=HGC!HI=;!J!AC!=;;K=>!=DD><E=F:;!
•! "DDC:=EI!GLK<><MC<K9!
)!<;H:!?:<>!N!=O=<>=M>G!)!
&20#$0C$(%RK%Q")/%+(.'%
%
•! V07(,%$")/(.%+"%.(019%(HB#$#C.#B'%G".%1"'E",+%
+90)%G".%'0)B.(%
•! <)1(%(HB#$#C.#B'%.(019(*-%'B19%"G%0))B0$%
020#$0C$(%R%CB*/(+%1"'(,%G."'%'#)(.0$#L(*%R%
•! 5#y1B$+%+"%'0+19%3'#)/%"G%'#)(.0$#L(*%R%+"%
1."E%)((*,%%
5(1"'E",#3")%"G%"./0)#1%
0'()*'()+,%0)*%.($(0,(%"G%E$0)+>
020#$0C$(%)#+."/()%
50)%S:%!B$$#20)%
<.(/")%!+0+(%=)#2(.,#+F%
;."E%z%!"#$%!1#()1(%
5()#+.#]103")%
N2 or N2O
N Cycle
Ammonium
+
NH4
Nitrate
NO3
Plant
Uptake
Leaching
Ammonia
NH3
Organic
Nitrogen
5()#+.#]103")%
N2 or N2O
N Cycle
Ammonium
+
NH4
Nitrate
NO3
Plant
Uptake
Leaching
Ammonia
NH3
Organic
Nitrogen
5(1"'E",#3")%.0+(%0)*%R%020#$0C#$#+F%
•! 5(1"'E",#3")K%$",,%"G%;%0,%10.C")%
*#"J#*(M%'",+%"G%+9(%R%.('0#),%#)%,"#$%
•! S#1."C(,%0)*%E$0)+,%1"'E(+(%G".%R%
.($(0,(*%CF%*(1"'E",#3")M%%
–! '#1."C(,%+FE#10$$F%"B+1"'E(+(%E$0)+%.""+,%
–! '#1."C#0$%R%)((*,%,03,](*%].,+M%E$0)+,%/(+%
+9(%$(["2(.,%
@)*%E"#)+%"G%*(1"'E",#3")%
•! ?0E#*%*(1"'E",#3")%1")3)B(,%B)3$%
(0,#$F%*(/.0*(*%"./0)#1%'0+(.#0$%#,%/")(:%%%
•! V9()-%*(1"'E",#3")%#,%'B19%,$"D(.%
•! VFE#10$%*(1"'E",#3")%.0+(,K%
–! G.(,9%"./0)#1%'0N(.-%].,+%D((7,%_b%+"%bc%x%
E(.%*0Fa%
–! 1"'E",+%_c:cf%+"%c:f%x%E(.%*0Fa%
–! ,"#$%<S%_c:cck%+"%c:cb%x%E(.%*0Fa%
%
5(1"'E",#3")%0)*%;KR%
•! <./0)#1%1"'E"B)*,%+90+%902(%$"D%;KR%
_9#/9%E."+(#)a%0.(%(0,#$F%*#/(,+(*%CF%
'#1.">"./0)#,',%#)%,"#$%%
•! !"-%;KR%.03"%#)%G.(,9%"./0)#1%'0+(.#0$,%
0\(1+,%C"+9K%
–! 0'"B)+%"G%R%.($(0,(*%E(.%B)#+%"G%"./0)#1%
'0N(.%*(1"'E",(*%
–! .0+(%"G%*(1"'E",#3")%
%
!BEE$F#)/%)#+."/()%G."'%'0)B.(,-%
1"'E",+,-%0)*%,E(1#0$+F%E."*B1+,%
7=>G!GH!=>82!PQQR8!!S:KC;=>!:B!
(;O<C:;9G;H=>!TK=><HA!UJVPUPW!
!
!
&'()*'()+%;KR%2,:%%
E$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%_]($*a%
120
Broiler litter
Dairy solids
Rabbit manure
Yard trimmings
Specialty products
Composts
Full-Season PAN
(% of amendment N)
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
0
5
10
15
20
25
Amendment C:N
30
35
Q0C%2,:%GB$$>,(0,")%]($*%8&R%%
_`>,#+(%F.:a%
Field full season PAN (%)
100
80
1:1
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80 100
Laboratory 70-d PAN (%)
Broiler litter
Dairy solids
Rabbit manure
Yard trimmings
Specialty products
Composts
Nitrogen (% dry matter)
8
Organic N %
NH4-N %
NO3-N %
6
4
2
0
e
Br
tt
i
l
r
e
l
oi
t
ts
s
ts
c
s
o
u
o
p
d
p
s
m
m
o
ro
y
r
c
o
p
i
c
s
ty
r
l
d
Da
i
e
l
a
i
h
o
t
c
s
e
O
y
p
r
i
S
Da
)
l
l
a
r(
ds
i
l
o
P."#$(.%Q#N(.%%
5(1"'E",#3")%
Decomposition (%)
80
60
Broiler litter
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80
Days
•! V"+0$%RK%f:{x%
•! &''")#B'>RK%c:vx%
•! ;KR%.03"K%{%
8$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%
5(1"'E",#3")%
80
60
Broiler litter
Broiler litter
60
PAN (%)
Decomposition (%)
80
40
20
0
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80
Days
0 20 40 60 80
Days
!(E0.0+(*%*0#.F%,"$#*,%
Fresh Compost
Decomposition (%)
80
60
Fresh
Dairy solids
40
Total N 1.6%
NH4-N
20
0
Composted
dairy solids
0 20 40 60 80
Days
C:N
2.0%
0.2% Less than
0.1%
27
20
8$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%
5(1"'E",#3")%
Fresh
Compost
60
Fresh
Dairy solids
60
40
20
0
80
PAN (%)
Decomposition (%)
80
Dairy solids
40
20
Composted
dairy solids
0
0 20 40 60 80
0 20 40 60 80
Days
Days
!E(1#0$+F%E."*B1+,%0)*%1"'E",+,%
Spec
Prod.
Decomposition (%)
80
60
Specialty
products
40
Total N 7.6%
NH4-N
20
0
Other
composts
0 20 40 60 80
Days
C:N
Compost
1.8%
0.2% Less than
0.1%
7
16
5(1"'E",#3")%
8$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%
80
60
Specialty
products
40
20
0
PAN (%)
Decomposition (%)
80
Specialty
products
60
40
20
Other
composts
0
Other
composts
0 20 40 60 80
0 20 40 60 80
Days
Days
&'()*'()+%;KR%2,:%%
E$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%_]($*a%
120
Broiler litter
Dairy solids
Rabbit manure
Yard trimmings
Specialty products
Composts
Full-Season PAN
(% of amendment N)
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
0
5
10
15
20
25
Amendment C:N
30
35
&'()*'()+%+"+0$%R%2,:%%
E$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%_]($*a%
Full Season PAN
(% of amendment N)
120
100
B
D
R
Y
S
80
60
40
Broiler litter
Dairy solids
Rabbit manure
Yard trimmings
Specialty products
20
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Amendment Total N (%)
14
16
<?W&RT;%X@?VTQTq@?%;&Q;=Q&V<?%
9NEKOO,'0$$G0.',:".(/"),+0+(:(*B
%
%%
!0'E$(%10$1B$03"),%
n! 6"D%'B19%"G%+9#,%G(.3$#L(.%
,9"B$*%T%0EE$F4%
n! 6"D%*"%+9(,(%+D"%G(.3$#L(.,%
1"'E0.(4%%
n! A90+o,%+9(%19(0E(,+%,"B.1(%
"G%020#$0C$(%R-%8-%p-%(+1:4%
n! 5"(,%+9#,%E."/.0'%'0+19%
'F%G(.3$#L(.%
.(1"''()*03")4%
P0,#,%G".%<./0)#1%X(.3$#L(.%;0$1B$0+".%%
Full Season PAN
(% of amendment N)
120
Calculator
100 full-season estimate
Bro
Dai
Rab
Yar
Spe
80
ulator
eason estimate 60
Broiler litter
Dairy solids
Rabbit manure
Yard trimmings
Specialty products
40
20
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Amendment Total N (%)
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
<?W&RT;%X@?VTQTq@?%;&Q;=Q&V<?:%%9NEKOO,'0$$G0.',:".(/"),+0+(:(*B
%%
%
|<./0)#1%X(.3$#L(.%;0$1B$0+".|%@,3'0+(,%
"G%E$0)+>020#$0C$(%R%_8&Ra%
Fresh
Example
Fresh
PAN
28 days
PAN
full season
Amendment
Amendment
total N
C:N
% dry wt.
Approx.
% of total N
% of total N
1
Solid manure
w/bedding
35
<0
0
2
Dairy solids
18
0
15
4
Broiler litter
9
30
45
6+
Specialty
products
less than 6
60
75
|X(.3$#L(.%;0$1B$0+".|%@,3'0+(,%"G%E$0)+>
020#$0C$(%R%_8&Ra%
Composted
Amendment
total N
Composted
Amendment
C:N
% dry wt.
PAN 28 day
PAN
full season
% of total N
% of total N
1
30
0
5
2-3
15 to 10
5
10
j0$#*03")%"G%<./0)#1%X(.3$#L(.%;0$1B$0+".%
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
•!
%!E(1#0$+F%E."*B1+,%
C$()*,%"G%"./0)#1%
•! C$""*%'(0$%
'0+(.#0$,%%
•! C")(%'(0$%
],9%'(0$,%
•! 7($E%'(0$%
,"FC(0)%'(0$%
•! ,"$BC$(%,(0D((*%(J+.01+%
1".)%/$B+()%'(0$%
•! /."B)*%],9%C")(%
G(0+9(.%'(0$%
•! '(0+%0)*%C")(%'(0$%
0$G0$G0%'(0$%
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j0$#*03")%"G%<./0)#1%X(.3$#L(.%
;0$1B$0+".-%!E(1#0$+F%E."*B1+,%
120
PAN
(% of amendment N)
100
Calculator predicted full season
80
60
Speci
40
20
Calculator predicted
28 days
0
-20
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Amendment Total N (%)
14
16
;9"",#)/%"./0)#1%0'()*'()+,%
VFE(,%"G%"./0)#1%0'()*'()+,%
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