Symptoms of
P. ramorum
As Sudden Oak
Death and
Ramorum
Blight/Dieback
Contents
• Symptoms of P. ramorum as Sudden Oak Death
• Sudden Oak Death
• Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes
• Other Forest Hosts
• Symptoms of P. ramorum as Ramorum Blight/Dieback
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•
•
•
Blight and Dieback Hosts
Camellia
Rhododendron
Pieris
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•
•
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Viburnum
Kalmia (Mountain laurel)
Syringa (Lilac)
Conifers
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Phytophthora ramorum Diseases
• Sudden Oak Death
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–
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Red oak group hosts and tanoak
Stem lesions beneath the bark
May bleed or ooze
Can kill adult plants
• Phytophthora ramorum Foliar Blight
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–
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Non-oak hosts
Spots and blotches on leaves
Shoot dieback
Can kill juvenile plants, occasionally mature plants
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Sudden Oak Death
• Sudden Oak Death affects members of
the oak family (Fagaceae)
– True oaks (Quercus spp.)
– Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus)
– Chestnut (Castanea) [Europe only]
– Beech (Fagus) [Europe only]
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Sudden Oak Death
P. ramorum on coast live oak
Photo: Pavel Svihra, UC Cooperative Extension
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Sudden Oak Death
Tree Death
From the
Top Down
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Sudden Oak Death
Natural
Reservoir
Phytophthora
ramorum infection
on the leaves of
California bay laurel
(Umbellularia
californica)
Photo: Joseph O’Brien,
USDA-Forest Service
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Sudden Oak Death
‘Bleeding’
canker on
tree trunk
• ‘Bleeding’ or oozing on
the bark
• Not associated with
cracks in bark or insect
holes
• Usually on the lower 6
ft. of tree trunks
Photo: Garbelotto lab, UC Berkeley
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Sudden Oak Death
“bleeding”
Photos: Mike McWilliams, ODF
& Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Dept.
of Conservation
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Sudden Oak Death
Photo: Dave Rizzo,
UC Davis
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Cankers (in inner
bark) are surrounded
by a black line
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Sudden Oak Death
outer bark
inner bark
Photo: Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Department of Conservation
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Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes
• Bacterial wetwood
• Boring insects
• Mechanical injury
• Fungi
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Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes
Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum
outer bark
inner bark
Bleeding canker caused by Armillaria
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Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service
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Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes
Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum
outer bark
inner bark
Bleeding canker caused by inner-bark boring insect
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Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service
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Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes
outer bark
inner bark
Bleeding canker caused by Inonotus hispidus
Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service
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Blight and Dieback Hosts
Selected Hosts:
•
•
•
•
•
Camellia
Rhododendron
Pieris
Viburnum
Kalmia (Mountain
laurel)
• Syringa (Lilac)
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•
•
•
•
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Pyracantha
Honeysuckle
Yew
Douglas-fir
Grand fir
Coast redwood
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Camellias
• Symptoms can be
subtle – Pin head
lesions
• Look for irregularshaped brown lesions
on the leaves
• Sometimes only the
tips of leaves are
brown
• Look for lower leaves
that have fallen off
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Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA
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Camellias
Photos: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture &
Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA
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Camellias
Pin head lesions
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Camellias
Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA
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Camellias
Older Symptoms
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Camellias
Tomas Pastalka, CDFA
Sunscald on Camellia
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Camellias
Leaf
Drop
USDA APHIS PPQ
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Camellias
Recent Symptoms Have More Diffuse
Edges and Water Soaked Appearance
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Camellias
Sun scorch on camellia
Photo: Carrie Harmon, University of Florida
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Rhododendron
Dave Rizzo, UCD
Phytophthora ramorumInfected Rhododendron
leaves
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Tim Tidwell, CDFA
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Rhododendron
Rhododendron macrophyllum
Shoot dieback
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Foliar blight
Foliar blight
Photo: Everett Hansen, Oregon State University
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Rhododendron
Stem Canker and Leaf Symptoms of P. ramorum
Rhododendrons in Europe
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Rhododendron
Photo: Everett
Hansen, Oregon
State University
Rhododendron macrophyllum
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Rhododendron
Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University
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Rhododendron ‘Unique’
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Rhododendron
Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora species
Photo: Mike Benson, NCSU
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Rhododendron
Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora syringae
Photo: Jay Pscheidt, Oregon State University
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Rhododendron
Abiotic Diseases of
Rhododendron
Photo: Steve Tjosvold, UCCE
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Rhododendron
Phytophthora root rot - not caused by P. ramorum
Photo: Jay Pscheidt, Oregon State University
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Rhododendron
Sun scorch
Photo: Rich Regan,
Oregon State University
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Gray blight can develop on sun
scorched rhododendron leaves
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Pieris
Pieris japonica
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Photo: Oregon Dept.
of Agriculture
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Pieris
Pieris
japonica
Photo: Oregon Dept.
of Agriculture
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Viburnum
Viburnum x bodnantense ‘’Dawn’
Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
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Viburnum
Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
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Viburnum x
bodnantense
‘Dawn’
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Viburnum
Viburnum plicatum tomentosum
‘Mariesii’
Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University
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Viburnum
stem
canker
Photo: Sabine Werres, Institut für Pflanzenschutz im Gartenbau, Germany
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Viburnum
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Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Photo: DEFRA
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Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Photos: J. Fallacy, WSDA
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Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Similar symptoms – submit sample
Kalmia latifolia (mountain
laurel)
Photo: Robert Linderman, USDA-ARS
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Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Similar symptoms – submit sample
Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel)
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Photo: Peter Angwin, USDA-Forest Service
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Syringa (Lilac)
Photo: Alexandra Schlenzig, Scottish Agricultural Science Agency
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Conifers
Grand fir
Douglas-fir
Photo: Santa Clara Co. (CA) Agriculture Dept. & Dave Rizzo, UC Davis
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For More Information
• APHIS:
www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/pramorum
• California Oak Mortality Task Force:
www.suddenoakdeath.org
• NCIPM:
www.ncipm.org/sod
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