Learning (alone?)
KM
Reflect
Observe
Experiment
Act
Kolb 1984
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Alf Westelius
SECI, learning together
To
Tacit knowledge
Tacit
knowledge
From
Socialization
Externalization
Sympathized
knowledge
Conceptual
knowledge
Internalization
Combination
Operational
knowledge
Systemic
knowledge
Explicit
knowledge
Exploration /
exploitation
Kaizen /
BPR
KM activities
Explicit knowledge
Four modes of knowledge creation and
their contents,
Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995, p72
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Knowledge
landscaping
(Coopers & Lybrand)
Knowledge
investment
Technological
Accenture
Alf Westelius
Social
LiU
Explicit
Knowledge
domain
Exploit
Tacit
BT
The virtual
office
Pharmacia
Upjohn
Blacksmith
Knowledge management investments,
Earl & Scott, (98) p9
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Alf Westelius
Brynjolfsson on IT productivity
•
•
"We don't know what
Knowledge Management is,
but we sure know
it's not happening here."
”For every dollar of IT hardware
capital that a company owns,
there are up to $9 of IT-related
intangible assets, such as human
capital—the capitalized value of
training—and organizational
capital—the capitalized value of
investments in new businessprocess and other organizational
practices”
”Companies that use IT
intensively work differently from
their competitors”
the European Knowledge Survey: P Murray, Cranfield University
cited by Ilkka Tuomi, Principal scientist, Nokia research centre
981212, 4th annual SIM academic workshop, Helsinki
Brynjolfsson & Hitt
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Alf Westelius
Knowledge areas in IT consulting company CG
Technical competence
Specific situations in my 0,80
Reuse of systems design,
leadership
and architecture
Code templates
0,60
Who knows what
design templates
0,40
Rules of thumb and guidelines
Program/function library
Examples of and building blocks
contracts, etc.
0,20
Experience of technical
solution
0,00
Experience of
development tools
Document templates
Development platforms,
Coding standards
Checklists and specific
methods
Experieince of CG methods
Competence on CG methods
Customers’ contact nets
Customers’ operations and
business
Hjertzén & Toll, 1999
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Value and need
Technical competence
Specific situations in my
Reuse of systems design,
1,00
leadership
and architecture
0,80
Knowledge
Code templates
Who knows what
design templates
categories
0,60
Program/function library
Rules of thumb and guidelines
0,40
Examples of and building blocks
contracts, etc.
Portion who view the
knowledge as useful
0,20
Experience of technical
solution
0,00
Experience of
development tools
Document templates
Checklists and specific
methods
People
dissatisfied
Experieince of CG methods
with the
Competence on CG methods
supply
IEI/EIS
Development platforms,
Coding standards
Customers’ contact nets
Customers’ operations and
business
Hjertzén & Toll, 1999
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:57
Alf Westelius
IEI/EIS
Alf Westelius
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:54
Production och dissemination
Technical competence
Specific situations in my 0,80
Reuse of systems design,
leadership
and architecture
Code templates
0,60
Who knows what
design templates
0,40
Rules of thumb and guidelines
Program/function library
0,20
Examples of and building blocks
contracts, etc.
Experience of technical
solution
0,00
Experience of
development tools
Document templates
Development platforms,
Coding standards
Checklists and specific
methods
Experieince of CG methods
Competence on CG methods
Knowledge
disseminated
IEI/EIS
Customers’ contact nets
Customers’ operations and
business
Knowledge
produced
Hjertzén & Toll, 1999
People with
needs who are
dissatisfied
with the supply
Demand versus supply
Technical competence
Reuse of systems design,
Specific situations in my
1,00
leadership
and architecture
Who knows what
Rules of thumb and guidelines
Examples of and building blocks
contracts, etc.
Portion who view the
knowledge as useful
0,80
0,60
Code templates
design templates
Program/function library
0,40
0,20
0,20
Experience of technical
solution
0,00
Experience of
development tools
Document templates
Checklists and specific
methods
Experieince of CG methods
Competence on CG methods
Knowledge
disseminated
IEI/EIS
Alf Westelius
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:56
Development platforms,
Coding standards
Customers’ contact nets
Customers’ operations and
Knowledge
business
produced
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:58
Alf Westelius
Valuable sources and distribution channels
Other
companies
Types of processes
Own material
Identity
Core
Background
Mandated
(Historical)
KO/NWT
Natural Work Team
Customer
Informal contacts
Internet
Courses/ Seminars (internal)
Distribution
channel
Courses/ seminars (external)
Source
PERFORM
x-disc
the Galaxy/ Polarstar
Intranet
Structural capital
Peter Keen, 1997
Hjertzén & Toll, 1999
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Alf Westelius
IEI/EIS
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”The knowledge star”
Maturity profile of KM in Swedish
retail banking
Capture
5
4
3
2
1
0
Use
Technology
Organise
Education
”Mission”
Generate
Intellectual
Leadership
assets
Culture and climate
Psychometrics
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:61
Alf Westelius
Annie Brooking & Philip Harris, 1997
Alf Westelius
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:62
IEI/EIS
Who is competent?
High
Who is competent?
Agreement
Overrated?
High
Company
group
manager’s
perception of
competence
Agreement
Overrated?
Misunderstood?
Misunderstood?
Low
Low
Low
Own perception of
competence
High
Low
Based on N Arvidsson, 1999
IEI/EIS
Competence
Professional
Ahde & Beckmann 1998
Company
group
manager’s
perception of
competence
Knowledge
Personal
Share
Measurements
IEI/EIS
Alf Westelius
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Alf Westelius
Own perception of
competence
High
Based on N Arvidsson, 1999
IEI/EIS
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:64
Alf Westelius
Learning in a community of practice
Who learns from who?
High
Company
group
manager’s
perception of
competence
Becoming an expert
Agreement
Overrated?
“old-timers”
novices
Misunderstood?
Low
Low
Own perception of
competence
The zone of legitimate
peripheral participation
High
Based on N Arvidsson, 1999
IEI/EIS
Community of practice:
shared knowledge
same well-known experts
shared tools
shared practices
Experts
shared identity
An expert is a person who defines
what counts as knowledge
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:65
Alf Westelius
IEI/EIS
Based on Ilkka Tuomi, 981212
Alf Westelius
http://www.iei.liu.se/eis/edu/tdei09 L1:66