Synergies for Improved Environmental Performance of
1st Generation Biofuels for Transportation
Mats Eklund, Niclas Svensson, Anna Wolf and Michael Martin
Environmental Technology and Management, Linköpings Universitet,
SE- 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
Our Research
Identify
Case studies and
literature studies
• Inventory of
existing
technologies and
synergies
• Identification of
possible new
synergies
Develop
Conditions for
implementation
• Interviews and
theoretical
framework
Evaluate
Environmental
performance of
different production
systems
• Environmental
Systems Analyses
• Innovations
required
Why 1st Generation Biofuels?
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Produced worldwide
Improves environmental performance
Created with many synergies
Compatible with current infrastructure
Conceivable Synergies
• CO from fermentation Æ Greenhouses
2
Agriculture/Harvesting • Biogas
Sludge Æ Valuable Fertilizer
Production/By-Products
Energy Outputs/Inputs
Händelö, Norrköping
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Ethanol Stillage Æ Biogas Raw Materials
Glycerol from Biodiesel Æ Biogas Raw Material
Seed cake Æ Biogas Raw Material
Ethanol Æ Transesterification for Biodiesel Reaction
Hay and Biomass Æ Pellets/Boiler Fuel
Ethanol Stillage & Seedcake Æ Fodder
Ethanol Energy Balance Example w/ Synergies
Current Production w/ Use of Hay for Pellets
Energy Input = 2,4
Energy Output = 4,5
Energy Balance = 1,9
Future Production System, w/ Use of By-Products and no
imports of fodder
Energy Input = 0,76
Energy Output = 7,2
Energy Balance = 9,0
“Depending upon the assumptions presumed, system boundaries and biological and technical factors, the energy efficiency for ethanol
production can have large differences.” (Börjesson, 2007)
Industry Partners