QUANTIFYING THE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS IN THE
BIOFUEL INDUSTRY
MICHAEL MARTIN, JORGE FONSECA, NICLAS SVENSSON
[email protected]
LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
AND MANAGEMENT
WHY
SHOULD WE QUANTIFY INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOS ?
to identify the environmental impacts of material and energy exchanges
HOW DID WE QUANTIFY?
WHERE? THE CASE STUDY
WHICH SCENARIOS?
-Life Cycle Approach
-ISO 14040
-EPD 2007
-ETHANOL PLANT
-BIOGAS PLANT
-BIOMASS CHP PLANT
INTEGRATED SCENARIOS
INCREASING INTEGRATION
SimaPro
Händelö, Norrköping
25 X
More Biogas
27 X
More Biogas
1314 TJ
EXISTING FRACTION OF STILLAGE TO
30 TJ
DEFAULTSTAND ALONE, NO
17 TJ
INTEGRATION
1314 TJ
1314 TJ
1314 TJ
BIOGAS
S
CENARIO 1
ALL STILLAGE TO BIOGAS
464 TJ
WITH INCREASED INTEGRATION
*
DIFFERENT WITH ENERGY ALLOCATION? -REDUCED GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL*
CO2-EQ.- SAVINGS/YEAR
(TONNES)
160000
140000
120000
60000
50000
100000
80000
40000
60000
20000
Existing
Scenario 1
500
1400
SO2-EQ.- EMISSIONS/YEAR
(TONNES)
1350
1300
400
1150
200
1100
100
1050
0
1000
Existing
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Default
PO4-EQ.- EMISSIONS/YEAR
(TONNES)
1200
300
Default
Existing
-ALLOCATION METHOD IS CRUCIAL!
-ENERGY SYSTEM CHOSEN IMPORTANT!
0
1250
Default
OTHER IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
10000
Scenario 2
SYSTEM EXPANSION METHOD
600
-REDUCED FUEL CONSUMPTION*
-DECREASED ACIDIFICATION*
-INCREASED EUTROPHICATION*
CO2-EQ.- SAVINGS/YEAR
(TONNES)
20000
0
700
-system expansion method
30000
40000
Default
S
CENARIO 2
ALL STILLAGE TO BIOGAS
& BIOGAS REPLACES
PROPANE
WHAT DID WE FIND?
180000
438 TJ
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Existing
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
ENERGY ALLOCATION METHOD
550
545
540
535
530
525
520
515
510
505
SO2-EQ.- EMISSIONS/YEAR
(TONNES)
Default
Existing
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
1040
1030
1020
1010
1000
990
980
970
960
950
PO4-EQ.- EMISSIONS/YEAR
(TONNES)
Default
Existing
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Martin et al. (2011) Assessing the Environmental Performance of Integrated Ethanol and Biogas Production.
World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 Proceedings. Linköping, Sweden.
165000
160000
155000
150000
145000
140000
135000
130000
125000
120000
SCENARIO 2
CO2-EQ.- SAVINGS/YEAR
(TONNES)
Swedish Average Nordel-Nat Gas
Nordel Coal
ELECTRICITY COMPARISON
RECOMMENDATIONS
-BIOMASS SYSTEMS IN PLACE OF FOSSIL
-LOOK AT MORE THAN
GLOBAL IMPACTS
-REVIEW ALL ALLOCATION POSSIBILITIES