Biofuel
Synergies
Graphics, Design and Layout
Michael Martin
Photo and Text
Michael Martin, Mattias Lindahl
Published By
Environmental Technology and Management, Linköping University
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LiU Tryck
2
Table of Contents
Researchers..............................................................................3
Industrial Partners................................................................4
Project Description..............................................................5
Project Phases....................................................................7-9
Industrial Symbiosis..............................................................12
Händelö-Case Study..........................................................13-14
Publications......................................................................15-16
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Researchers
PhD Students
Michael Martin
PhD Candidate
Industrial Symbiosis and Biofuels
Mats Eklund
Professor
Industrial Ecology
Carolina Ersson
Jenny Ivner
PhD Candidate
Industrial Symbiosis and Biofuels
Post-Doc
Energy Strategies
Anton Helgstrand
Niclas Svensson
LCA Specialist
3
Senior Researchers
Post-Doc
Environmental Systems Analysis
2
Industrial Partners
•Svensk Biogas
•Tekniska Verken
•Lantmännen Agroetanol
•Ageratec
4
Synergies for the Improved Environmetal
Performance of 1st Generation
Biofuels for Transport
The project aims to contribute to the development for improving the environmental performance of production systems for first generation biofuels for transportation from food
crops, wastes and by-products. This is done
through using the concept of industrial symboisis to find synergies between biofuel production plants and external industries to optimize the flows of material and energy.
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2
1 + 1 = 3?
is a cooperation of several entities
“Ato synergy
produce a final outcome greater than the
sum of the parts.
”
Phase 1: Development and
Analysis of Synergies
A review of possible material and energy exchanges, or synergies, is to be conducted in the first phase
of the project. This is accomplished by assembling
information on current and proposed biofuel production processes and techniques. Thereafter the
possible synergies are to be outlined between the
different biofuel production systems and external
production industries.
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Phase 2: Environmental
Systems Analysis
The environmental performance of the proposed synergies will be tested during the second phase of the project. This will be done by
testing individual synergies as well as several
synergies mutually to find the impacts and benefits created. Energy balance figures will also
be reviewed to find the amount of energy input
and subsequently output from the system.
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Phase 3: Conditions for
Implementation of Synergies
In the third phase of the project, researchers
will discover the conditions and innovations
needed for the implementation of the proposed
synergies. This will include the socio-technical
aspects of the synergies and what leads to their
success.
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Industrial
Symbiosis
Industrial symbiosis can be defined as a concept aimed at engaging traditionally
separate industries in a collective approach to create competitive advantages
through resource exchanges, synergistic possibilities and cooperative approaches
based on their geographic proximity. An important notion of industrial symbiosis
is that the individual firm is not seen as an island, but is involved interactively with
other firms to promote mutually beneficial exchanges, i.e. “win-win” situations.”
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The Case Study:
Händelö
On the island of Händelö, of Norrköping, Sweden a unique collection
of energy, recycling, forestry and biofuel production plants exist collaborating in an industrial symbiosis network. Withing the energy and
biofuel cluster are the companies Lantmännen Agroetanol AB, Svensk
Biogas AB and E.ON working together to produce renewable biofuels,
district heating and electricity for industries on the island and the city
of Norrköping.
Central to the energy complex is the energy provider, E.ON. The CHP
plant of E.ON provides the necessary utility synergies for this collection of industries. Furthermore, because of the renewable natuer of
the energy produced by E.ON the environmental performance of the
biofuels is benefited.
Händelö Synergies
Household wastes and biomass are used at E.ON to
produce district heating, steam and electricity for the
industries of Händelö and residents of Norrköping.
The majority of the fuel comes from the neighboring
cluster of forestry products industries. Steam and electricity from E.ON are used for production energy at
Lantmännen Agroetanol’s ethanol production facility.
Stillage from Agroetanol is then made into fodder. Thin
stillage or syrup is also sent to neighboring Svensk Biogas plant to produce biogas. This biogas is thereafter
used to fuel public transport and personal vehicles in
Norrköping and neighboring communities. The biogas
plant also produces a biofertilizer from the leftover digestate.
The biofuel and energy cluster at Händelö is not currently complete. In the future it a biodiesel production
facility is planned to be built next to the ethanol and
biogas plants. Upon establishment the biodiesel plant
could use ethanol for the transesterification, energy
from E.ON and provide glycerol to the biogas plant for
further synergies.
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Publications
2011
•
•
Martin, M., Svensson, N., Fonseca, J. (2011) Assessing the Environmental Performance of
Integrated Ethanol and Biogas Production. Conference Paper, World Renewable Energy Congress 2011, Sweden
Martin, M and Eklund, M. (2011) Improving the Environmental Performance of Biofuels with
Industrial Symbiosis. Accepted for Publication, Biomass and Bioenergy.
2010
•
•
•
•
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Martin, M. (2010) Industrial Symbiosis for the Development of Biofuel Production. Licentiate
Thesis. LIU-TEK-LIC-2010:12.
Eklund, M. (2010) Industrial symbiosis for the sustainable use of biofuels. Vol. 1, No. 3, Pages
373-375
Martin, M. and Fonseca, J. (2010) An Analysis and Inventory of Synergies in the Biofuel Industry. Submitted to Biomass and Bioenergy. (June 2010)
Martin, M. and Fonseca, J. (2010). A Systematic Literature Review of Biofuel Synergies.ISRN:
LIU-IEI-R--10/0092--SE.
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2009
•
•
•
Martin, M. (2009) Biogas and Renewable Fuel Consumption: 2008 Figures for Linköping and
Östergötland.
Martin, M., Ivner, J., Svensson, N. and Eklund, M. (2009) Classification of Industrial Symbiosis
Synergies: Application in the Biofuels Industry. Submitted to Journal of Cleaner Production
(July 2009).
Martin, M., Ivner, J., Svensson, N., Eklund, M. (2009) Classification of Industrial Symbiosis
Synergies: Application in the Biofuels Industry. Greening of Industry, Aalborg, Denmark. June
8-10, 2009.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT