1. Gestión de las normas
Normativa para la presentación de tesis por compendio de publicaciones
(acuerdo del 07/07/2010, modificada el 04/12/2012)
I. 40-60 páginas (12.000-18.000 palabras) de introducción general y conclusiones finales
II. Mínimo 4 artículos (publicados o aceptados) en revistas indexadas
III. De estos 4 artículos…
a)
b)
c)
Al menos 1 en inglés
Al menos 1 ISI
En todos el doctorando será primer autor
Universidad de Sevilla.
2 artículos o capítulos de libro aceptados. Puede ser 2º autor.
Universidad Europea de Madrid.
4 artículos en revistas de reconocido prestigio
Universidad Cardenal Herrera (CEU):
a)
b)
c)
3 artículos ISI (o solo una si está entre los 20 primeros de su área)
5 artículos In-Recs, Resh… del primer cuartil
1 libro o 3 capítulos de libro de una editorial de reconocido prestigio
Universidad Pablo Olavide de Sevilla:
a)
b)
c)
3 artículos (dos de ellos ISI)
4 artículos indexados
1 libro o 3 capítulos de libro
2. Gestión del tiempo
ART 5
ART 4
ART 3
ART 2
ART 1
Sep
2011
Ene
2012
Investigación
y redacción
May
2012
Envío
Sep
2012
Ene
2013
Rechazado
May
2013
Aceptado
Sep
2013
Ene
2014
Publicado
May
2014
No . 4356
April 25, 1953
NATURE
737
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF
NUCLEIC ACIDS
A S truc ture fo r De o xyribo s e Nuc le ic Ac id
E wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose
nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features
which are of considerable biological interest.
A structure for nucleic acid has already been proposed by
Pauling and Corey1. They kindly made their manuscript available
to us in advance of publication. Their model consists of three inter
twined chains, with the phosphates near the fibre axis, and the
bases on the outside. In our opinion. this structure is unsatisfactory
for two reasons:
(1) We believe that the material which gives the Xray diagrams is
the salt, not the free acid. Without the acidic hydrogen atoms it is
not clear what forces would hold the structure together, especially
as the negatively charged phosphates near the axis will repel each
other. (2) Some of the van der Waals distances appear to be too
small.
Another threechain structure has also been suggested by Fraser
(in the press). In his model the phosphates are on the outside and
the bases on the inside, linked together by hydrogen bonds. This
structure as described is rather illdefined, and for this reason we
shall not comment on it.
We wish to put forward a radically different structure for the
salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid. This structure has two helical
chains each coiled round the same axis (see diagram). We have
made the usual chemical assumptions. namely, that each chain
consists of phosphate diester groups joining ßDdeoxy
ribofuranose residues with 3’
,5’linkages. The two chains (but not
their bases) are related by a dyad perpendicular to the fibre axis.
Both chains follow righthanded helices, but owing to the dyad the
sequences of the atoms in the two chains run in opposite directions.
Each chain loosely resembles Furberg’
s2
model No. 1; that is, the bases are on the
inside of the helix and the phosphates on
the outside. The configuration of the sugar
and the atoms near it is close to Furberg’
s
standard configuration’
, the sugar being
roughly perpendicular to the attached
base. There is a residue on each chain
every 34 A. in the zdirection. We have
assumed an angle of 36°between adjacent
J.D. WATSON
residues in the same chain, so that the
F.H. C. CRICK
structure repeats after 10 residues on each
chain, that is, after 34 A. The distance of a
Medical Research Council Unit for the Study of the Molecular
phosphorus atom from the fibre axis is 10 Structure of Biological Systems, Cavendish Laboratory,
A. As the phosphates are on the outside, Cambridge. April 2.
cations have easy access to them.
The structure is an open one, and its
water content is rather high. At lower 1Pauling, L., and Corey, R. B. nature, 171, 346 (1953); Proc, U.S. Nat Acad. Sci., 39, 84
water contents we would expect the bases (1953).
to tilt so that the structure could become 2 Furberg, S., Aeta Chem. Scand., 6, 634 (1952).
3
more compact.
Chargaff, E., for references see Zamenhof, S., Brawerman, G., and Chargaff, E.,
The novel feature of the structure is the Biochim, et Biophys. Aeta, 9 402 (1952).
manner in which the two chains are held 4 Wyatt, G.R. J. Gen. Physiol., 36 201 (1952).
together by the purine and pyrimidine 5 Astbury, W.T., Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1, Nucleic Acid, 66 (Camb. Univ. Press, 1947)
bases. The planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis. 6 Wilkins, M. H. F. and Randall, J. T. Biochim. et. Biophys. Aeta, 10, 102 (1953).
They are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain
being hydrogenbonded to a single base from the other chain, so
W
“Si he escrito esta carta tan larga
ha sido porque no he tenido
tiempo de hacerla
más corta”
Blaise Pascal
that the two lie side by side with identical z-co-ordinates. One of
the pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine for bonding to
occur. The hydrogen bonds are made as follows: purine position 1
to pyrimidine position 1; purine position 6 to pyrimidine position
6.
If it is assumed that the bases only occur in the structure in the
most plausible tautomeric forms (that is, with the keto rather than
the enol configurations) it is found that only specific pairs of bases
can bond together. These pairs are: adenine (purine) with thymine
(pyrimidine), and guanine (purine) with cytosine (pyrimidine).
In other words, if an adenine forms one member of a pair, on
either chain, then on these assumptions the other member must be
thymine; similarly for guanine and cytosine. The sequence of
bases on a single chain, does not appear to be restricted in any
way. However, if only specific pairs of bases can be formed, it
follows that if the sequence of bases on one chain, is given, then
the sequence on the other chain is automatically determined.
It has been found experimentally3,4 that the ratio of the amounts
of adenine to thymine, and the ratio of guanine to cytosine, are
always very close to unity for deoxyribose nucleic acid.
It is probably impossible to build this structure with a ribose
sugar in place of the deoxyribose, as the extra oxygen atom would
make too close a van der Waals contact.
6
The previously published Xray data5’
on deoxyribose nucleic
acid are insufficient for a rigorous test of our structure. So far as
we can tell, it is roughly compatible with the experimental data,
but it must be regarded as unproved until it has been checked
against more exact results. Some of these are given in time
following, communications. We were not aware of the details of
the results presented there when we devised our structure, which
rests mainly though not entirely on published experimental data
and stereochemical arguments.
It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have
postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism
for the genetic material.
Full details of the structure, including the conditions assumed
in building it, together with a set of coordinates for the atoms,
will be published elsewhere.
We are much indebted to Dr. Jerry Donohue for constant
advice and criticism, especially on interatomic distances. We have
also been stimulated by a knowledge of the general nature of the
unpublished experimental results and ideas of Dr. M. H. F.
Wilkins, Dr. R. E. Franklin and their coworkers at
King's College, London. One of us (J.D.W.) has been aided by a
fellowship from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis.
This figure is purely diagrammatic.
The two ribbons synibolize the two
phosphate—sugar chains, and the
horizontal rods the pairs of bases
holding the cbains together. The
vertical line marks the fibre axis
3. Gestión del material
Manufacturing Conflict
Narratives in Real Madrid vs.
Barcelona Football Matches
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Frederic Guerrero-Solé
Richard Haynes
Quantifying the
Immeasurable: A Reflection
on Sport, Time and Media
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Community Building in the
Digital Age: Dynamics of
Online Sports Discussion
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Frederic Guerrero-Solé
Olatz Larrea
Moderación de la
conversación en medios
online. El caso del diario
Marca
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Frederic Guerrero-Solé
El rol de los medios en la
transformación del deporte
en bien de consumo
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Concreción
Abstracción
Quantifying the
Immeasurable: A Reflection
on Sport, Time and Media
Manufacturing Conflict
Narratives in Real Madrid
versus Barcelona Football
Matches
Community Building in the
Digital Age: Dynamics of
Online Sports Discussion
Moderación de la
conversación en medios
online. El caso del diario
Marca
El rol de los medios en la
transformación del deporte
en bien de consumo
International Review for the
Sociology of Sport
Sociology
Hospitality, leisure, sport &
tourism
Journal of the Philosophy of
Sport
Revista Doxa
Ethics
El Profesional de la
Información
?
Information Science &
Library Science
4. Gestión de las emociones
ART 5
ART 4
ART 3
ART 2
ART 1
Sep
2011
Ene
2012
Investigación
y redacción
May
2012
Envío
Sep
2012
Ene
2013
Rechazado
May
2013
Aceptado
Sep
2013
Ene
2014
Publicado
May
2014
“Hay tesis que no se pueden afirmar de
manera tan a la ligera como el autor del
artículo hace”
“Esto no se aguanta de ninguna manera”
“sin tener tiempo para demostrar que esto que dice es arbitraio ”
“otra arbitrariedad”
“Los objetivos y/o hipótesis no se explicitan de manera clara. El problema de investigación no
resulta lo suficientemente evidente para el lector”
“Al no existir unos objetivos formulados inicialmente de manera clara y explícita el planteamiento
metodológico pierde consistencia y se convierte en algo meramente descriptivo y poco ligado a
unos objetivos e intereses de investigación manifiestos”
“Existe confusión entre el apartado de “Resultados de análisis” y el de “Conclusiones” ya que por un
lado en las conclusiones se repiten resultados de análisis ya expuestos, sin interpretaciones
añadidas y, por otro lado, se introducen nuevos resultados en el capítulo de conclusiones”
“La conclusión […] revela finalmente cual es la aportación del artículo, y en qué contribuye a
ampliar, completar o discutir lo conocido hasta este momento […] El hecho de cuestionar las
narrativas deportivas en términos de choque de identidades nacionales y afirmar que dichas
narrativas se construyen a partir de los aparentemente “asépticos” protagonistas del evento
constituye un asunto relevante y poco trabajado en este campo de investigación. Sin embargo, la
relevancia e interés científico del artículo pierden valor debido a la poca consistencia teórica del
conjunto del texto”
“Artículo interesante tanto por el enfoque, centrado en prensa especializada, como por los
hallazgos. Resulta muy enriquecedor el esquema que presenta el proceso de moderación. Además
el estudio permite abrir nuevos interrogantes que harán avanzar sin duda alguna la investigación
académica en esta línea”
El Profesional de la Información
“It is generally well written and would be of interest to the IRSS readership. It builds on the extant
contemporary literature in the sport media, national - regional identity, and celebrity culture nexus”
International Review for the Sociology of Sport
“I think the author(s) make several very cogent arguments and interesting points”
International Review for the Sociology of Sport
“I am very pleased to accept your article for publication in the JPS. The paper will introduce a range
of unfamiliar literature to our readers which I hope and expect will encourage further reflection on the
impact of modernity on sport”
Journal of the Philosophy of Sport
“El discurso es sólido en cuanto a su planteamiento y estructura, así como en los recursos que
utiliza”
Revista Doxa
“Para tratarse de un caso, el objeto de estudio no está suficientemente dibujado”
“Sin embargo, el trabajo de campo es pobre”
“Los datos que se presentan aquí no justifican la publicación del artículo, puesto que el hallazgo, con
ser interesante, no es de gran alcance”
“To make this statement the authors need a stronger justification of the election of the sample of
newspapers analyzed”
“Either the points and the statements raised with reference to national-political identities should be
deleted in its entirety or a stronger justification of the newspapers elected to be analyzed should be
made”
“El artículo es bueno, pero creo que fallido”
“…debe revisarse a fondo para aclarar muchos de los conceptos y mejorar la redacción, muy
deficiente. […] No tendría sentido describir un sistema puramente interno, sólo para dar envidia"
“This concept of using quotes from third parties to construct the conflict is fascinating”
International Review for the Sociology of Sport
“The article is very well written and it follows a very clear structure which makes it easy to read and
understand”
International Review for the Sociology of Sport
“By the way, I disagree with the first reviewer's comments about the argumentative structure of the
paper”
Journal of the Philosophy of Sport
“The article has no clear argumentative philosophical structure but presents original reflections
that shed new light on developments in modern, professional sport. There is no strict conclusion
here other than the interesting point that […] I find the article original and well written”
Journal of the Philosophy of Sport
5. Hago la tesis por compendio
de artículos?
“Para educar a un investigador hace falta la tribu entera”
1 director
3 coautores
8 editores
17 revisores