Extended Mass Layoffs
in 2010
BLS
U.S. Department of Labor
Hilda L. Solis, Secretary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Keith Hall, Commissioner
November 2011
Report 1038
1
Contents
Page
Extended Mass Layoffs in 2010
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................1
Highlights................................................................................................................................................................................1
Chart 1.....................................................................................................................................................................................2
Statistical Tables
1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2002–2010..........................................................................................................................4
2. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010..........................................................................................................5
3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector,
2008–2009 and 2009–2010......................................................................................................................................6
4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest
three-digit NAICS industries, 2009–2010................................................................................................................
7
5. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit
NAICS industries, 2008–2010..................................................................................................................................8
6. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010.........................................................................................................9
7. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2009
and 2009–2010.........................................................................................................................................................10
8. Number of separations in extended mass layoff events by state and by selected higher level category
for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010...................................................................................................................11
9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2010.....................12
10. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and
initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010.........................13
11. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and
initial claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm
sector, 2010...............................................................................................................................................................14
12. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates
by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2010.........................................................................15
13. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2008–2010........................................................19
14. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations is known
by employers, 2008–2010........................................................................................................................................16
ii
Contents–Continued
Page
15. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private
nonfarm sector, 2008–2010......................................................................................................................................16
16. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm
sector, 2002–2010.....................................................................................................................................................17
17. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010................................................................................18
18. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010............................................................................................. 19
19. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010.............................................................................................20
20. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by state, private
nonfarm sector, 2010................................................................................................................................................21
21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010.......................................................................................................22
22. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events,
50 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2010 ..................................................................................23
23. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm
sector, 2010...............................................................................................................................................................24
24. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010 ................................................................................ 25
25. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010.........................................................................................................26
26. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended
mass layoff events in 2010, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector .....................................................27
27. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs,
private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010..........................................................................................................................28
28. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010..........................................................................................................................29
29. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations after which the employer does not expect a recall,
by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010 .............................................................................30
30. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2006–2010..........................................................................................................................31
31. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector,
private nonfarm sector 2006–2010........................................................................................................................... 32
32. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector,
50 highest ranking three-digit NAICS industries in 2010........................................................................................33
iii
Contents–Continued
Page
33. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations
by state, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010............................................................................................................34
34. Permanent worksite closures: the 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants
associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010, by residency of claimants,
private nonfarm sector .............................................................................................................................................35
35. Selected business functions involved in nonseasonal extended mass layoff events, 2009–2010............................ 36
36. Business processes involved in extended mass layoff events, by reason for layoff, 2009–2010.............................37
37. Number of business processes affected in nonseasonal extended mass layoffs, 2009–2010...................................38
Technical Note........................................................................................................................................................................39
iv
Extended Mass Layoffs
in 2010
Introduction
were registered in administrative and waste services,
retail trade, and finance and insurance, all of which had
reached record levels in 2009.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass
Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information
on large-scale layoff events and the characteristics of the
dislocated workers. This report summarizes data on extended
mass layoffs for 2010. The MLS program defines extended
mass layoff events as the filing of 50 or more initial claims
for unemployment insurance benefits against an employer
during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated
for more than 30 days. Since 2004, the scope of the layoff
data series was redefined to include only the private nonfarm
economy. (See the technical note of this report for additional
information on the concepts and definitions used.)
In 2010, employers initiated 7,247 extended mass layoff
events that resulted in the separation of nearly 1.3 million
workers. As indicated in table 1, both layoff events and
worker separations in 2010 decreased from the series-high
levels recorded in 2009. (BLS began recording annual data for
the MLS program in 1996.) Seventeen of 18 major industry
sectors registered decreases in the number of separations in
2010 as compared with 2009. In 2009, 15 sectors had reached
series highs in terms of worker separations. Manufacturing
had the largest over-the-year decline in separated workers
among the major industry sectors, decreasing to a near-record
low of 224,173 separations in 2010 from a series high of
668,265 in 2009. About half of all private nonfarm employers
reporting an extended mass layoff in 2010 indicated they
anticipated some recall of dislocated workers, up from a
series low of 34 percent recorded a year earlier.
In 2010, the average national unemployment rate was 9.6
percent; a year earlier, it was 9.3 percent. Private nonfarm
payroll employment decreased by 1 percent, or 915,000 jobs,
from 2009 to 2010.
•
At the three-digit North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) industry level, general merchandise
stores and accommodation both moved into the top 10 for
number of worker separations in 2010, with machinery
manufacturing and credit intermediation and related
activities dropping from the top 10. (See table 4.) Among
the six-digit NAICS industries, fruit and vegetable
canning, discount department stores, and motion picture
and video production moved into the top 10 in terms of
separations, replacing automobile manufacturing, light
truck and utility vehicle manufacturing, and radio, TV,
and electronic stores. (See table 5.)
•
The number of workers separated due to business demand
factors declined from 824,834 in 2009 to 384,564 in
2010, the largest decrease among the 7 categories of
economic reasons for layoff. Layoffs associated with
the completion of seasonal work were the only reason
category to register an over-the-year increase in laid-off
workers. (See table 6.)
•
In 2010, employers reported 229 extended mass layoff
events that involved the movement of work, affecting
39,104 separated workers; both of these figures are
record lows for the series (with data available back
to 1996). These 229 layoff events with movement of
work involved 318 identifiable relocations of work
actions; employers were able to provide more complete
separation information for 201 of these actions. (See
table 13.) Among these 201 actions, 86 percent involved
moving work within the same company, and 77 percent
were related to moving work to another location in the
United States. (See table 14. See the technical note for
more information on movement of work concepts and
questions.)
•
The average size of an extended mass layoff in 2010
(as measured by separations per layoff event) was 173
separated workers, registering the smallest average size
of any year in the series (with data available back to
1996). (See table 15.)
Highlights
•
•
Manufacturing separations declined by 66 percent
from 2009 to 2010, with decreases reported in 20 of
21 manufacturing subsectors. The largest decreases in
manufacturing occurred in the transportation equipment,
machinery, and computer and electronic products
industries. (See tables 2 and 3.)
In 2010, extended mass layoff separations declined
over the year in 16 of the 17 nonmanufacturing industry
sectors. The largest over-the-year declines in separations
1
Extended mass layoff separations, by reason categories,1 2001–2010
900,000
Seasonal
Business demand
Organizational changes
Financial issues
800,000
700,000
Production specific
Disaster/safety
Separation
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
200120022003 2004200520062007200820092010
Year
1
The chart excludes information on layoffs due to other/miscellaneous reasons.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
•
•
Of the 1.4 million initial claimants for unemployment
insurance associated with extended mass layoff events in
2010, 40 percent were women, 33 percent were between
the ages of 30 and 44, and 20 percent were 55 years
or older. (See tables 17–19.) In the total civilian labor
force in 2010, 47 percent were women, 43 percent were
between the ages of 30 and 44, and 20 percent were 55
or older.
The national average duration of insured unemployment
associated with extended mass layoffs was 2.3
months (as measured by the average number of
continued claims for unemployment insurance filed
for the weeks that followed the initial claim and
included the 12th day of the month). Among the 18
major industry sectors, the longest average jobless
duration was experienced by claimants laid off
from finance and insurance and from management
of companies and enterprises (continued claims
lasting an average of 2.9 months). Claimants laid off
from transportation and warehousing experienced
the shortest period of insured joblessness (1.6
months). Of the seven economic reasons for layoffs,
claimants who were laid off because of financial
issues reported the longest jobless duration (2.9
months). The shortest jobless duration occurred in
seasonal layoffs (1.7 months). (See table 21.)
2
•
Compared with 2009, all Census regions and
divisions, and 45 states reported decreased numbers
of laid-off workers in 2010. Among the states, the
largest decreases of laid-off workers were reported
by Michigan, California, and Ohio. (See tables 24
and 25.)
•
Eighty-two percent of the initial claimants associated
with extended mass layoff events in 2010 resided
within metropolitan areas, up slightly from 80 percent
a year earlier. Among the 372 metropolitan areas, Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA, reported the
highest number of resident initial claimants (147,478).
Over the year, Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI, recorded the
largest decline in the number of claimants, from 88,678
to 9,794. (See table 26.)
•
About half of the private nonfarm employers reporting
an extended mass layoff in 2010 indicated that they
anticipated recalling some dislocated workers, up from a
series low 34 percent a year earlier. Of those employers
expecting to recall laid-off workers, 36 percent indicated
that the offer would be extended to all displaced
employees. (See table 27.)
•
Eight percent of extended mass layoff events in 2010
were permanent worksite closures, affecting 119,233
note for more information on business functions and
business processes.) The 57-percent decrease in business
functions was larger than the 50-percent decrease in
nonseasonal extended events, suggesting that employers
targeted fewer functions in nonseasonal layoffs. In 2010,
construction activities, followed by producing goods,
and by administrative and clerical services, were targeted
most often by employers in extended mass layoffs. (See
table 35.)
workers, or 9 percent of all separated workers, the lowest
proportions of events and separations due to closure in
the series (with data available back to 1996). Closurerelated separations were due mostly to financial issues
(52,737) and business demand reasons (33,412). (See
table 30.)
•
•
In 2010, food and beverage stores, rental and leasing
services, hospitals, and food services and drinking
places moved into the top 10 three-digit NAICS
industries in terms of the number of workers laid
off due to permanent closures. These industries
replaced wood product manufacturing, machinery
manufacturing, electronics and appliance stores, and
clothing and clothing accessories stores in the top 10.
(See table 32.)
•
The total number of business functions reported by
employers in nonseasonal layoff events in 2010 was
8,088, a decrease from 18,861 in 2009. (See the technical
3
Business processes affected by extended mass layoffs
during 2010 numbered 8,624, down from 14,820 a year
earlier. The number of reports decreased over the year
for all five core processes that have data available in
2010, with the largest percentage decrease occurring
in marketing, sales, and account management. (Data
for strategic management began in 2010.) All three
support process involved in layoffs also decreased, with
technology and process development having the largest
percentage decrease. (See table 36.)
Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm
sector, 2002–2010
Year/quarter
Events1
Separations1
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance1
2002
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
1,611
1,624
1,186
1,916
299,266
344,606
255,152
373,307
292,998
299,598
254,955
370,592
Total …………………………………………………………………
6,337
1,272,331
1,218,143
2003
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
1,502
1,799
1,190
1,690
286,947
368,273
236,333
325,333
297,608
348,966
227,909
326,328
Total …………………………………………………………………
6,181
1,216,886
1,200,811
2004
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
1,339
1,358
886
1,427
276,503
278,831
164,608
273,967
238,392
254,063
148,575
262,049
Total …………………………………………………………...……
5,010
993,909
903,079
2005
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ……………………………………………………...
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
1,142
1,203
1,136
1,400
186,506
246,099
201,878
250,178
185,486
212,673
190,186
246,188
Total …………………………………………………………………
4,881
884,661
834,533
2006
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
963
1,353
929
1,640
183,089
295,964
160,254
296,662
193,510
264,927
161,764
330,954
Total …………………………………………………………………
4,885
935,969
951,155
2007
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
1,110
1,421
1,018
1,814
225,600
278,719
160,024
301,592
199,250
259,234
173,077
347,151
Total …………………………………………………………………
5,363
965,935
978,712
2008
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
1,340
1,756
1,581
3,582
230,098
354,713
290,453
641,714
259,292
339,630
304,340
766,780
Total …………………………………………………………………
8,259
1,516,978
1,670,042
2009
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………….……
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
3,979
3,395
2,034
2,416
705,141
651,318
345,531
406,212
835,551
731,049
406,823
468,577
Total …………………………………………………………………
11,824
2,108,202
2,442,000
2010
First quarter ……………………………………………………………
Second quarter ………………………………………………………
Third quarter …………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………
1,870
2,008
1,370
1,999
314,512
381,622
222,357
338,115
368,642
395,573
259,886
388,285
Total …………………………………………………………………
7,247
1,256,606
1,412,386
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
4
Table 2. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010
Layoff events
Initial claimants for unemployment
insurance
Separations
Industry
2008
2009
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
8,259
11,824
7,247
1,516,978
2,108,202
1,256,606
1,670,042
2,442,000
1,412,386
55
Mining …………………………………………………………
11
Utilities …………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………… 1,724
Manufacturing ………………………………………………… 2,586
Food ………………………………………………………… 280
25
Beverage and tobacco products …………………………
49
Textile mills …………………………………………………
24
Textile product mills ………………………………………
Apparel ……………………………………………………
48
6
Leather and allied products ………………………………
215
Wood products ……………………………………………
60
Paper ………………………………………………………
Printing and related support activities …………………
43
24
Petroleum and coal products ……………………………
67
Chemicals …………………………………………………
196
21
2,020
3,835
321
34
59
20
83
6
187
99
96
33
93
59
17
1,623
1,412
298
26
11
13
39
3
63
33
48
24
53
9,128
2,032
205,457
483,984
63,964
3,618
9,487
3,320
6,117
678
30,973
9,958
5,603
3,228
9,457
31,825
3,647
245,536
668,265
65,103
5,281
7,909
2,890
13,664
806
21,975
12,206
13,112
4,456
12,013
7,940
2,795
197,436
224,173
57,468
6,811
2,011
1,667
5,800
233
7,460
4,431
5,934
3,187
7,109
9,757
2,122
256,363
639,691
58,046
4,386
23,259
4,052
7,305
657
39,003
10,168
6,761
3,315
9,379
31,189
4,264
312,818
894,318
71,113
7,302
18,604
4,145
12,487
777
29,713
13,048
15,315
4,440
12,456
8,246
3,266
251,417
257,712
60,549
4,721
4,458
2,445
6,736
283
12,027
4,698
7,823
3,800
7,462
Plastics and rubber products ……………………………
Nonmetallic mineral products ……………………………
Primary metal ………………………………………………
Fabricated metal products ………………………………
Machinery …………………………………………………
Computer and electronic products ………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance ……………………
Transportation equipment ………………………………
Furniture and related products …………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing ……………………………
147
177
116
203
147
159
74
574
103
45
180
205
270
356
378
329
141
711
143
91
44
113
62
76
105
99
35
188
40
39
19,919
24,333
19,635
24,845
27,608
26,471
14,519
156,002
17,583
6,666
20,988
23,798
42,366
44,288
68,018
51,940
20,606
204,909
20,453
11,484
4,193
12,843
9,821
9,459
17,773
14,717
4,894
35,809
6,894
5,659
23,718
27,258
24,688
35,606
40,199
27,126
19,039
245,404
23,062
7,260
26,179
28,445
54,851
57,413
107,858
60,181
26,428
301,500
30,148
11,915
5,063
15,241
9,674
12,477
22,575
16,466
5,732
42,467
7,846
5,169
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………………
Information ……………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………
Educational services …………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………
Other services, except public administration ………………
190
482
489
204
405
51
257
30
671
43
319
178
458
102
339
768
655
315
478
95
448
54
1,082
77
393
254
644
148
149
479
486
220
251
68
298
30
747
87
384
228
564
145
25,257
121,551
102,242
38,048
92,783
6,385
67,400
4,611
140,972
5,504
44,230
52,142
101,642
12,769
46,431
176,139
131,785
54,243
98,449
12,538
87,501
9,098
246,023
10,915
53,861
57,874
154,147
19,660
17,274
122,576
95,564
54,081
47,888
10,035
58,797
5,338
150,042
11,817
48,501
48,590
134,814
18,945
25,089
129,146
98,541
39,329
86,072
7,540
51,115
4,802
150,952
5,623
36,250
21,996
91,979
13,178
47,345
188,676
130,817
73,425
101,695
13,373
81,328
11,578
280,301
11,368
51,137
39,239
149,165
19,699
17,319
152,959
105,099
76,222
53,291
9,575
63,189
4,815
172,897
13,284
49,243
34,023
120,411
19,418
Unclassified ……………………………………………………
4
2
841
265
497
265
244
672
403
816
69,329
152,387
87,373
185,873
97,486
132,620
112,572
188,236
1
Total, private nonfarm ........................................................
Selected industry groupings
2010
–
–
–
2
Clothing manufacturing and distribution ……………………
Food processing and distribution ……………………………
210
841
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
See the technical note for descriptions of these industry groupings.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
5
55,440
186,581
81,167
177,470
Table 3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2009 and 2009–2010
2008–2009
2009–2010
Industry
Level change
Percent change
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm1 ...................................................
591,224
39.0
-851,596
-40.4
Mining ..........................................................................
Utilities .........................................................................
Construction .................................................................
Manufacturing ..............................................................
Food .........................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products ..............................
Textile mills ..............................................................
Textile product mills .................................................
Apparel ....................................................................
Leather and allied products .....................................
Wood products .........................................................
Paper .......................................................................
Printing and related support activities ......................
Petroleum and coal products ...................................
Chemicals ................................................................
22,697
1,615
40,079
184,281
1,139
1,663
-1,578
-430
7,547
128
-8,998
2,248
7,509
1,228
2,556
248.7
79.5
19.5
38.1
1.8
46.0
-16.6
-13.0
123.4
18.9
-29.1
22.6
134.0
38.0
27.0
-23,885
-852
-48,100
-444,092
-7,635
1,530
-5,898
-1,223
-7,864
-573
-14,515
-7,775
-7,178
-1,269
-4,904
-75.1
-23.4
-19.6
-66.5
-11.7
29.0
-74.6
-42.3
-57.6
-71.1
-66.1
-63.7
-54.7
-28.5
-40.8
Plastics and rubber products ...................................
Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................
Primary metal ...........................................................
Fabricated metal products .......................................
Machinery ................................................................
Computer and electronic products ...........................
Electrical equipment and appliance .........................
Transportation equipment ........................................
Furniture and related products .................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................
1,069
-535
22,731
19,443
40,410
25,469
6,087
48,907
2,870
4,818
5.4
-2.2
115.8
78.3
146.4
96.2
41.9
31.4
16.3
72.3
-16,795
-10,955
-32,545
-34,829
-50,245
-37,223
-15,712
-169,100
-13,559
-5,825
-80.0
-46.0
-76.8
-78.6
-73.9
-71.7
-76.2
-82.5
-66.3
-50.7
Wholesale trade ...........................................................
Retail trade ..................................................................
Transportation and warehousing .................................
Information ...................................................................
Finance and insurance ................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..............................
Professional and technical services .............................
Management of companies and enterprises ................
Administrative and waste services ...............................
Educational services ....................................................
Health care and social assistance ...............................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .............................
Accommodation and food services ..............................
Other services, except public administration ...............
21,174
54,588
29,543
16,195
5,666
6,153
20,101
4,487
105,051
5,411
9,631
5,732
52,505
6,891
83.8
44.9
28.9
42.6
6.1
96.4
29.8
97.3
74.5
98.3
21.8
11.0
51.7
54.0
-29,157
-53,563
-36,221
-162
-50,561
-2,503
-28,704
-3,760
-95,981
902
-5,360
-9,284
-19,333
-715
-62.8
-30.4
-27.5
-.3
-51.4
-20.0
-32.8
-41.3
-39.0
8.3
-10.0
-16.0
-12.5
-3.6
Unclassified .................................................................
-576
-68.5
-265
-100.0
18,044
33,486
26.0
22.0
-31,933
708
-36.5
.4
2
Selected industry groupings
Clothing manufacturing and distribution …………………
Food processing and distribution …………………………
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
See the technical note for descriptions of these industry groupings.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
6
Table 4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest three-digit NAICS
industries, 2009–2010
Industry
NAICS
code
2009
Events
Separations
2010
Rank
1
Events
Separations
Rank1
Total, private nonfarm2 ......................................
…
11,824
2,108,202
…
7,247
1,256,606
…
Total, 50 highest industries .........................................
…
10,940
1,985,176
…
6,769
1,194,228
…
Administrative and support services ……………………
Food services and drinking places ………………………
Heavy and civil engineering construction ………………
Specialty trade contractors ………………………………
Transit and ground passenger transportation …………
Professional and technical services ……………………
Food manufacturing ………………………………………
General merchandise stores ……………………………
Accommodation ……………………………………………
Transportation equipment manufacturing ………………
561
722
237
238
485
541
311
452
721
336
1,061
334
677
1,002
259
448
321
184
310
711
244,167
95,234
91,305
110,678
65,005
87,501
65,103
57,946
58,913
204,909
1
4
5
3
9
6
8
12
11
2
736
385
650
733
295
298
298
129
179
188
149,052
97,360
90,218
77,197
65,400
58,797
57,468
46,047
37,454
35,809
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Amusements, gambling, and recreation ………………
Social assistance …………………………………………
Motion picture and sound recording industries …………
Construction of buildings …………………………………
Credit intermediation and related activities ……………
Food and beverage stores ………………………………
Machinery manufacturing …………………………………
Insurance carriers and related activities ………………
Building material and garden supply stores ……………
Computer and electronic product manufacturing ………
713
624
512
236
522
445
333
524
444
334
133
264
48
341
262
78
378
137
69
329
40,530
32,053
11,444
43,553
60,398
14,743
68,018
24,453
12,202
51,940
17
18
46
15
10
34
7
21
43
13
114
262
82
240
136
93
105
91
49
99
34,953
31,447
31,006
30,021
28,632
21,011
17,773
16,683
15,206
14,717
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Nonstore retailers …………………………………………
Performing arts and spectator sports ……………………
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ……………
Telecommunications ………………………………………
Educational services ………………………………………
Hospitals ……………………………………………………
Primary metal manufacturing ……………………………
Fabricated metal product manufacturing ………………
Membership associations and organizations …………
Clothing and clothing accessories stores ………………
454
711
327
517
611
622
331
332
813
448
64
111
205
96
77
71
270
356
70
118
14,250
15,936
23,798
17,452
10,915
14,131
42,366
44,288
7,837
17,900
35
32
22
31
47
36
16
14
53
28
49
110
113
63
87
62
62
76
80
51
13,255
13,029
12,843
12,769
11,817
10,396
9,821
9,459
8,881
8,731
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Couriers and messengers ………………………………
Truck transportation ………………………………………
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods …………………
Rental and leasing services ………………………………
Wood product manufacturing ……………………………
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ……………
Chemical manufacturing …………………………………
Furniture and related product manufacturing …………
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing …………
Publishing industries, except Internet …………………
492
484
423
532
321
424
325
337
312
511
46
164
200
58
187
103
93
143
34
118
15,409
22,535
27,995
7,099
21,975
13,015
12,013
20,453
5,281
17,507
33
23
20
54
24
40
44
27
61
30
26
69
61
45
63
67
53
40
26
53
8,628
8,471
7,634
7,510
7,460
7,413
7,109
6,894
6,811
6,369
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Printing and related support activities …………………
Repair and maintenance …………………………………
Apparel manufacturing ……………………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing ……………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………
Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores ………
Mining, except oil and gas ………………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance mfg. ………………
Support activities for transportation ……………………
Paper manufacturing ……………………………………
323
811
315
339
551
451
212
335
488
322
96
42
83
91
54
49
87
141
59
99
13,112
7,022
13,664
11,484
9,098
8,531
13,165
20,606
6,352
12,206
39
55
37
45
49
50
38
26
56
42
48
35
39
39
30
17
42
35
33
33
5,934
5,924
5,800
5,659
5,338
5,322
4,942
4,894
4,433
4,431
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
Industries are ranked by number of separations in 2010.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
7
Table 5. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS industries, 2008–2010
Industry
2
NAICS
code
2008
2009
Separations
Rank1
Separations
2010
Rank1
Separations
Rank1
Total, private nonfarm .........................................
…
1,516,978
…
2,108,202
…
1,256,606
…
Total, 50 highest industries ........................................
…
817,364
…
1,107,001
…
787,653
…
School and employee bus transportation …………………
Temporary help services ……………………………………
Food service contractors ……………………………………
Highway, street, and bridge construction …………………
Professional employer organizations ………………………
Motion picture and video production ………………………
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels …………………
Discount department stores …………………………………
Tax preparation services ……………………………………
Fruit and vegetable canning ………………………………
485410
561320
722310
237310
561330
512110
721110
452112
541213
311421
41,427
53,117
38,990
50,788
41,588
8,866
20,943
21,142
32,613
18,473
4
1
6
2
3
36
10
9
7
13
58,057
114,884
62,893
50,359
71,552
10,626
38,589
24,305
29,724
16,855
4
1
3
6
2
39
7
12
9
20
61,605
58,554
57,997
50,292
33,907
30,245
29,742
26,823
23,971
20,421
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Supermarkets and other grocery stores …………………
Child day care services ………………………………………
Nonresidential electrical contractors ………………………
Skiing facilities ………………………………………………
Full-service restaurants ……………………………………
Commercial building construction …………………………
Home centers …………………………………………………
Commercial banking …………………………………………
Power and communication system construction …………
Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors …………
445110
624410
238212
713920
722110
236220
444110
522110
237130
238222
9,648
17,301
14,249
20,706
13,133
16,928
7,088
13,480
6,673
10,197
33
14
18
11
21
16
48
19
53
31
13,227
20,031
21,924
12,035
10,597
22,547
9,840
27,067
11,139
14,772
29
16
15
33
40
14
42
11
37
26
19,883
18,983
17,476
17,154
14,858
14,571
14,484
13,193
12,643
12,267
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Industrial building construction ……………………………
Amusement and theme parks ………………………………
Oil and gas pipeline construction …………………………
Department stores, except discount ………………………
Telemarketing and other contact centers …………………
Limited-service restaurants …………………………………
Other heavy construction ……………………………………
General medical and surgical hospitals ……………………
Mail-order houses ……………………………………………
Fresh and frozen seafood processing ……………………
236210
713110
237120
452111
561422
722211
237990
622110
454113
311712
12,765
12,009
12,859
20,059
8,837
2,840
7,393
12,535
12,040
7,659
24
27
23
12
37
111
44
25
26
42
15,954
19,481
16,308
24,151
13,770
4,906
7,406
13,913
12,017
8,820
22
17
21
13
28
86
59
27
34
49
12,253
11,799
11,568
11,360
11,358
10,489
10,287
10,158
9,726
9,507
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Couriers and express delivery services ……………………
Payroll services ………………………………………………
Casino hotels …………………………………………………
Security guards and patrol services ………………………
Landscaping services ………………………………………
Warehouse clubs and supercenters ………………………
Nonresidential drywall contractors …………………………
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing ………………………
Direct health and medical insurance carriers ……………
Wired telecommunications carriers ………………………
492110
541214
721120
561612
561730
452910
238312
327320
524114
517110
15,232
6,569
12,957
4,041
7,706
2,572
9,123
10,495
2,455
7,112
17
54
22
92
41
120
34
30
124
46
15,237
9,678
19,424
6,115
8,318
7,076
12,564
8,767
4,980
11,170
24
43
18
73
54
64
31
51
85
36
8,628
8,482
7,587
7,581
7,482
7,161
6,852
6,833
6,806
6,653
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Other individual and family services ………………………
Video tape and disc rental …………………………………
Facilities support services …………………………………
Nonresidential site preparation contractors ………………
Direct life insurance carriers ………………………………
Convention and trade show organizers ……………………
Iron and steel mills ……………………………………………
Water and sewer system construction ……………………
Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars ……………………
624190
532230
561210
238912
524113
561920
331111
237110
722213
5,002
453
2,328
6,075
4,607
6,285
7,513
4,574
5,956
69
401
130
59
75
57
43
77
61
5,857
1,598
3,246
8,097
7,365
6,267
17,526
5,433
8,880
78
247
127
55
60
71
19
83
48
6,089
5,918
5,836
5,730
5,561
5,490
5,435
5,428
5,313
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
All other nonresidential trade contractors ………………… 238992
6,022
60
8,013
56
5,214
50
1
Industries are ranked by number of separations in 2010.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
8
Table 6. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010
Layoff events
Reason for layoff1
2008
2009
Separations
2010
2008
2009
Initial claimants for unemployment insurance
2010
2008
2009
2010
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons1 ...............
8,259
11,824
7,247
1,516,978
2,108,202
1,256,606
1,670,042
2,442,000
1,412,386
Business demand ....................................................
3,388
5,403
2,515
516,919
824,834
384,564
733,238
1,142,076
509,089
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion .............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ........................................
141
946
7
40
54
250
1,210
12
84
22
148
1,146
8
13
7
24,261
133,905
1,416
8,111
9,679
39,104
212,535
1,200
15,942
3,192
23,861
193,450
2,231
2,055
1,199
25,776
177,084
2,191
7,835
10,467
46,701
274,123
1,620
32,904
3,007
24,989
262,846
2,458
3,359
1,006
2,200
3,825
1,193
339,547
552,861
161,768
509,885
783,721
214,431
Organizational changes ..........................................
517
573
397
123,355
120,233
79,784
120,199
136,646
80,192
Business-ownership change ................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ........
93
424
113
460
96
301
45,375
77,980
34,875
85,358
32,543
47,241
18,190
102,009
21,153
115,493
13,819
66,373
Financial issues .......................................................
763
1,074
511
165,426
228,499
86,637
148,912
245,010
103,762
Bankruptcy ...........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
136
352
275
178
615
281
60
291
160
40,553
53,781
71,092
69,323
92,666
66,510
15,157
39,577
31,903
24,813
64,731
59,368
55,667
133,786
55,557
9,055
66,594
28,113
Production specific ..................................................
107
62
54
27,181
12,866
7,830
25,519
10,876
8,459
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..................
Product line discontinued .....................................
12
10
21
19
15
3
16
11
5
9
744
1,002
1,246
( 2)
18
7
( 2)
4,854
1,584
( 2)
2,971
1,335
( 2)
3,227
1,138
( 2)
2,079
1,281
( 2)
5
8
16
( 2)
4
9
4
( 2)
1,195
1,201
2,595
( 2)
795
1,073
385
2,059
4,847
2,480
6,205
3,940
933
2,830
2,225
956
( 2)
15
7
1,703
1,308
5,505
9,134
3,446
617
3,351
2,117
( 2)
1,065
1,239
2,312
( 2)
1,214
1,878
346
Disaster/safety ........................................................
58
19
24
9,165
3,985
3,202
8,442
2,446
3,225
Hazardous work environment ..............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Nonnatural disaster ..............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
1,098
7,694
( 2)
1,038
1,723
( 2)
813
7,275
484
–
754
1,208
( 2)
( 2)
10
11
545
–
697
2,743
( 2)
( 2)
4
51
3
–
6
10
( 2)
1,209
1,496
Seasonal .................................................................
1,982
2,211
2,417
393,125
409,788
429,846
348,851
394,944
442,596
Seasonal ..............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......
1,589
393
1,714
497
1,932
485
326,608
66,517
318,120
91,668
353,374
76,472
280,600
68,251
306,841
88,103
356,989
85,607
Other/miscellaneous ...............................................
1,444
2,482
1,329
281,807
507,997
264,743
284,881
510,002
265,063
Other ....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
89
299
1,056
126
557
1,799
66
320
943
14,828
79,208
187,771
19,539
142,006
346,452
9,434
79,929
175,380
19,120
78,537
187,224
21,562
141,925
346,515
9,694
79,920
175,449
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
9
Table 7. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–20009 and 2009–2010
2008–2009
2009–2010
Reason for layoff
Level change
1
Percent change
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons ....................................
591,224
39.0
-851,596
-40.4
Business demand ..........................................................................
307,915
59.6
-440,270
-53.4
Contract cancellation ..................................................................
Contract completion ...................................................................
Domestic competition .................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................
Import competition ......................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..............................................................
14,843
78,630
-216
7,831
-6,487
61.2
58.7
-15.3
96.5
-67.0
-15,243
-19,085
1,031
-13,887
-1,993
-39.0
-9.0
85.9
-87.1
-62.4
213,314
62.8
-391,093
-70.7
Organizational changes ................................................................
-3,122
-2.5
-40,449
-33.6
Business-ownership change ......................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............................
-10,500
7,378
-23.1
9.5
-2,332
-38,117
-6.7
-44.7
Financial issues .............................................................................
63,073
38.1
-141,862
-62.1
Bankruptcy .................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................
Financial difficulty .......................................................................
28,770
38,885
-4,582
70.9
72.3
-6.4
-54,166
-53,089
-34,607
-78.1
-57.3
-52.0
Production specific ........................................................................
-14,315
-52.7
-5,036
-39.1
Automation/technological advances ...........................................
Energy related ............................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..................................
Material or supply shortage ........................................................
Model changeover ......................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................................
Product line discontinued ...........................................................
-959
-56.3
258
34.7
( 2)
-651
-7,550
( 2)
-11.8
-82.7
( 2)
-1,883
-249
( 2)
-38.8
-15.7
( 2)
578
-2,150
478
( 2)
93.7
-64.2
22.6
( 2)
-400
-128
-2,210
( 2)
-33.5
-10.7
-85.2
Disaster/safety ..............................................................................
-5,180
-56.5
-783
-19.6
Hazardous work environment ....................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................................
Nonnatural disaster ....................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................................
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
2
( )
-401
-4,951
2
( )
-36.5
-64.3
2
( )
341
-1,020
( 2)
48.9
-37.2
Seasonal .......................................................................................
16,663
4.2
20,058
4.9
Seasonal ....................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .............................
-8,488
25,151
-2.6
37.8
35,254
-15,196
11.1
-16.6
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................................
226,190
80.3
-243,254
-47.9
Other ..........................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .........................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................................
4,711
62,798
158,681
31.8
79.3
84.5
-10,105
-62,077
-171,072
-51.7
-43.7
-49.4
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
10
Table 8. Number of separations in extended mass layoff events by State and by selected higher level category for layoff,1 private nonfarm sector, 2010
Separations
State
Business
demand
Total
2
Organizational
changes
Total, private nonfarm ...........
1,256,606
384,564
Alabama ............................................
Alaska ...............................................
Arizona ..............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ...........................................
Colorado ...........................................
Connecticut .......................................
Delaware ...........................................
District of Columbia ...........................
Florida ...............................................
Georgia .............................................
Hawaii ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
10,752
13,681
14,714
4,122
356,179
19,052
14,774
1,990
1,501
66,590
8,542
1,153
5,262
1,453
1,301
3,743
688
109,454
3,268
3,680
Illinois ................................................
Indiana ..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Maine ................................................
Maryland ...........................................
Massachusetts ..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Minnesota .........................................
Mississippi ........................................
Missouri ............................................
81,890
12,835
5,832
6,843
15,401
18,259
5,210
13,785
11,917
20,798
18,609
7,077
31,561
36,347
3,526
3,453
2,676
8,117
6,473
872
3,344
4,150
5,767
3,527
4,214
2,791
5,470
1,365
Montana ............................................
Nebraska ..........................................
Nevada .............................................
New Hampshire ................................
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota .....................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma .........................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
5,411
5,172
13,923
3,627
51,003
8,387
93,181
12,315
2,433
51,466
2,981
20,972
51,964
( 3)
736
8,335
–
5,993
2,321
10,754
4,616
1,217
33,189
731
2,416
13,931
( 3)
–
1,918
–
5,728
–
1,813
1,965
Rhode Island .....................................
South Carolina ..................................
South Dakota ....................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Vermont ............................................
Virginia ..............................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia .....................................
Wisconsin .........................................
Wyoming ...........................................
Puerto Rico .......................................
4,282
15,974
3
79,784
86,637
399
1,437
–
264
( 3)
860
850
33,148
284
1,640
–
( 3)
–
42,538
3,749
470
446
( 3)
3,812
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
1,582
1,637
329
( 3)
992
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
366
( 3)
982
( 3)
( 3)
1,983
741
893
334
( 3)
–
792
3,897
3
( )
16,297
29,620
9,352
2,794
17,946
15,947
4,313
44,284
( )
4,808
12,499
5,428
–
3,759
3,481
1,905
9,571
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
5,353
3,967
295
( 3)
–
3
( )
824
–
2,787
1
The higher level category "other/miscellaneous" is not displayed.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
11
Financial
issues
( 3)
30,253
1,628
2,195
–
–
3,770
3,894
–
–
3,191
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
1,299
( 3)
1,174
2,519
670
1,001
2,072
952
–
–
–
892
4,369
Production
specific
7,830
( 3)
–
( 3)
–
1,714
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
467
( 3)
–
( 3)
762
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
–
973
–
–
( 3)
6,399
3,843
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
( 3)
( 3)
1,130
3,693
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
3
( )
543
–
637
2,550
( 3)
–
1,573
1,397
–
( 3)
–
411
–
–
–
216
3
( )
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
339
Disaster/safety
Seasonal
3,202
429,846
–
–
–
–
–
–
600
–
–
–
–
–
1,173
11,946
5,053
841
57,619
12,315
3,515
1,105
1,259
13,726
( 3)
–
–
–
( 3)
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
790
–
–
751
–
–
–
3
( )
–
–
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
4,156
35,076
7,103
1,595
1,874
5,069
6,057
2,974
1,088
4,166
12,879
13,831
470
19,597
3,906
3,386
3,471
2,735
32,363
3,190
35,502
1,650
1,066
16,876
( 3)
12,524
23,238
2,205
591
–
2,720
5,627
3,240
2,794
6,926
8,810
3
( )
27,187
3,810
( 3)
Table 9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Layoff events
Industry
Work moved
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Total, private nonfarm1..................................................................
229
4,601
39,104
787,656
41,235
928,555
Mining .......................................................................................
Utilities ......................................................................................
Construction ..............................................................................
Manufacturing ...........................................................................
Food ......................................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products ...........................................
Textile mills ...........................................................................
Textile product mills ..............................................................
Apparel ..................................................................................
Leather and allied products ...................................................
Wood products ......................................................................
Paper ....................................................................................
Printing and related support activities ...................................
Petroleum and coal products ................................................
–
–
33
14
1,057
977
99
15
10
10
30
–
–
5,221
2,135
131,217
147,445
14,249
4,745
1,841
1,259
5,150
–
–
4,542
2,425
170,482
172,082
16,065
1,783
4,016
1,900
5,601
Chemicals .............................................................................
Plastics and rubber products ................................................
Nonmetallic mineral products ................................................
Primary metal ........................................................................
Fabricated metal products ....................................................
.
2
( )
123
17
Computer and electronic products ........................................
Electrical equipment and appliance ......................................
Transportation equipment .....................................................
Furniture and related products ..............................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ...............................................
Wholesale trade ........................................................................
Retail trade ................................................................................
Transportation and warehousing ..............................................
Information ................................................................................
Finance and insurance ..............................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ...........................................
Professional and technical services ..........................................
Management of companies and enterprises .............................
Administrative and waste services ............................................
Educational services .................................................................
Health care and social assistance ............................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...........................................
Accommodation and food services ...........................................
Other services, except public administration ............................
Unclassified ...............................................................................
2
( )
–
2
( )
2
( )
2
( )
–
5
4
–
2
( )
56
24
36
( 2)
8
9
43
31
67
58
66
77
84
27
171
34
29
( 2)
4
8
16
14
7
13
4
6
11
19
9
11
20
2
( )
20,332
3,108
2
( )
–
2
( )
2
( )
2
( )
–
805
1,039
–
1,473
899
( 2)
541
830
2,241
1,703
1,430
2,827
767
1,350
2
( )
6,898
3,228
4,288
( 2)
5,516
2,852
7,222
9,280
8,379
13,885
12,961
3,220
32,013
5,919
3,352
1,554
3,278
1,280
2,086
4,787
( 2)
( 2)
6
5
108
333
200
195
231
59
220
18
597
40
146
55
257
61
( 2)
( 2)
617
541
12,543
86,930
40,579
50,607
43,101
8,935
31,150
3,301
124,470
6,478
20,168
6,837
58,559
7,980
–
–
–
–
( 2)
3
4
11
–
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
12
( 2)
654
1,090
1,893
–
2
( )
20,287
3,502
2
( )
–
2
( )
2
( )
2
( )
–
1,443
1,394
–
1,367
921
( 2)
642
839
2,122
1,689
898
2,697
858
649
1,098
3,963
1,214
3,354
5,225
2
( )
10,703
2,624
4,784
( 2)
5,902
3,598
7,924
9,032
11,366
17,501
14,511
4,575
38,715
6,768
3,372
( 2)
( 2)
1,152
830
12,016
110,995
45,611
70,897
48,066
8,489
38,509
2,872
143,289
6,002
20,433
7,125
55,784
8,936
–
–
( 2)
446
793
2,149
–
Table 10. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Layoff events
Reason for layoff
Work moved
Total, private nonfarm1 ........................................
Business demand .........................................................
Contract cancellation .................................................
Contract completion ...................................................
Domestic competition .................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................
Import competition .....................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..............................................
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
229
4,601
39,104
787,656
41,235
928,555
49
2,466
9,898
374,666
11,052
498,037
2
( )
145
1,140
( 2)
23,496
192,753
( 2)
24,265
261,902
2
697
–
( )
2
( )
988
33
1,160
Organizational changes ................................................
105
Business-ownership change ......................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............
Financial issues ............................................................
6
–
2
944
–
( )
2
( )
908
6,920
154,848
7,548
206,883
292
18,602
61,182
17,869
62,323
14
91
82
210
3,522
15,080
29,021
32,161
2,900
14,969
10,919
51,404
68
443
9,334
77,303
11,460
92,302
2
( )
58
( 2)
7,669
( 2)
9,958
( 2)
15,067
31,908
30,328
( 2)
8,969
56,636
26,697
( 2)
6,961
( 2)
8,245
( )
12
2
( )
6
Bankruptcy .................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............
Financial difficulty .......................................................
( 2)
59
233
151
Production specific ........................................................
( 2)
52
Automation/technological advances ..........................
Energy related ............................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................
Material or supply shortage ........................................
Model changeover ......................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance
p
........................
Product line discontinued ...........................................
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
–
–
9
( 2)
17
7
( 2)
–
–
–
–
( 2)
4
9
3
( 2)
2
2
–
–
( 2)
–
–
–
–
( 2)
2
( )
1,127
1,002
( 2)
2,207
1,335
( 2)
795
1,073
280
Disaster/safety ..............................................................
( )
23
( )
3,132
Hazardous work environment ....................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................
Nonnatural disaster ....................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................
–
–
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
2
–
–
( 2)
–
–
–
–
2
( )
2,431
2
( )
1,246
( 2)
1,952
1,281
( 2)
( 2)
1,214
1,878
259
( 2)
3,105
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
( )
9
11
( 2)
–
( )
968
1,723
( 2)
–
( 2)
1,089
1,496
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................
4
1,325
331
264,412
520
264,543
Other ..........................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................
4
–
–
62
320
943
331
–
–
9,103
79,929
175,380
520
–
–
9,174
79,920
175,449
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
13
2
2
Table 11. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
United States1 ........................................................
229
4,601
39,104
787,656
41,235
928,555
Northeast .........................................................................
48
800
8,090
121,170
8,976
146,846
New England ................................................................
Middle Atlantic ..............................................................
25
23
118
682
4,507
3,583
19,708
101,462
4,124
4,852
18,129
128,717
South ................................................................................
83
1,004
12,225
185,526
13,652
219,099
South Atlantic ...............................................................
East South Central .......................................................
West South Central ......................................................
41
27
15
588
182
234
5,604
3,973
2,648
109,832
36,122
39,572
7,110
4,276
2,266
129,686
33,903
55,510
Midwest ............................................................................
50
801
11,172
130,231
8,719
145,500
East North Central .......................................................
West North Central ......................................................
31
19
620
181
6,525
4,647
105,627
24,604
4,689
4,030
114,453
31,047
West .................................................................................
48
1,996
7,617
350,729
9,888
417,110
Mountain ......................................................................
Pacific ..........................................................................
10
38
226
1,770
1,699
5,918
39,744
310,985
1,100
8,788
36,454
380,656
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia,
Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and
Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin;
West North Central—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
14
Table 12. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected
claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Initial claims for unemployment
insurance
Characteristic
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………………
Final payments for
unemployment insurance
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
41,235
928,555
12,906
194,072
31.3
20.9
7,497
13,114
11,177
9,382
65
214,908
316,245
225,425
165,583
6,394
2,169
4,024
3,516
3,168
29
44,260
64,544
45,746
39,042
480
28.9
30.7
31.5
33.8
44.6
20.6
20.4
20.3
23.6
7.5
21,072
19,890
273
587,140
338,963
2,452
6,150
6,633
123
112,302
81,241
529
29.2
33.3
45.1
19.1
24.0
21.6
21,752
8,706
4,928
185
1,873
3,791
484,374
142,426
189,688
7,517
33,834
70,716
6,498
3,333
1,512
62
564
937
91,758
38,094
39,713
1,661
7,840
15,006
29.9
38.3
30.7
33.5
30.1
24.7
18.9
26.7
20.9
22.1
23.2
21.2
Age
Under 30 years of age ……………………………
30–44 …………………………………………….…
45–54 ………………………………………………
55 years of age or over ……………………………
Not available ………………………………………
Gender
Male …………………………………………………
Female ………………………………………………
Not available ………………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White …………………………………………………
Black …………………………………………………
Hispanic origin ………………………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ………………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………………
Not available ………………………………………
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
Table 13. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2008–2010
Layoff events
Action
Separations
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
Total private nonfarm1…………………………………………
8,259
11,824
7,247
1,516,978
2,108,202
1,256,606
Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2…………
6,277
9,613
4,830
1,123,853
1,698,414
826,760
Total, movement of work3 ………………………………
332
351
229
60,956
61,694
39,104
Movement of work actions …………………………
443
491
318
4
( )
( 4)
( 4)
With separations reported ………………………
319
317
201
35,076
32,228
18,622
With separations unknown ……………………
124
174
117
4
( )
( 4)
( 4)
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either "seasonal work" or "vacation period."
3
Movement of work can involve more than one action.
4
Data are not available.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
15
Table 14. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations is known by employers, 2008–2010
1
Separations
Actions
Activities
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
319
317
201
35,076
32,228
18,622
Out-of-country relocations …………………………….......
Within company …………………………………..………
Different company …………..................………………
95
83
12
81
72
9
46
36
10
11,431
10,392
1,039
10,378
9,630
748
5,336
3,548
1,788
Domestic relocations ………......................………………
Within company …………………………………….……
Different company ……………………………….………
223
200
23
234
206
28
155
137
18
23,370
20,943
2,427
21,555
18,184
3,371
13,286
11,128
2,158
1
2
–
275
295
Within company ………………............................…………
Domestic ……………………..............................………
Out of country ……………….........................…………
Unable to assign …………………………………………
283
200
83
–
280
206
72
2
173
137
36
–
31,335
20,943
10,392
–
28,109
18,184
9,630
295
14,676
11,128
3,548
–
Different company ………………………………………....
Domestic …………………………………………………
Out of country ……………………………………………
Unable to assign …………………………………………
36
23
12
1
37
28
9
–
28
18
10
–
3,741
2,427
1,039
275
4,119
3,371
748
–
3,946
2,158
1,788
–
With separations reported2………………………………….
By location
Unable to assign place of relocation ………………………
–
By company
1
Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
Table 15. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010
Layoff events
Number of workers
2008
2009
Total, private nonfarm ……
8,259
50–99 …………………………
100–149 ………………………
150–199 ………………………
200–299 ………………………
300–499 ………………………
500–999 ………………………
1,000 or more …………………
3,442
1,952
887
979
577
291
131
2
Separations
1
Number
1
Number
Percent
Percent
2010
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
11,824
7,247
100.0
100.0
100.0
1,516,978
2,108,202
1,256,606
100.0
100.0
100.0
5,141
2,688
1,315
1,332
782
377
189
3,280
1,612
797
728
467
247
116
41.7
23.6
10.7
11.9
7.0
3.5
1.6
43.5
22.7
11.1
11.3
6.6
3.2
1.6
45.3
22.2
11.0
10.0
6.4
3.4
1.6
244,352
229,536
148,852
227,603
211,519
194,373
260,743
364,793
315,984
219,986
311,322
286,340
250,354
359,423
229,536
188,650
134,026
169,715
172,286
168,248
194,145
16.1
15.1
9.8
15.0
13.9
12.8
17.2
17.3
15.0
10.4
14.8
13.6
11.9
17.0
18.3
15.0
10.7
13.5
13.7
13.4
15.4
1
Due to rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
16
Table 16. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector, 2002–2010
Average number of separations
Measure
Total, private nonfarm 1 ......................................................
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
201
197
198
181
192
180
184
178
173
Industry
Mining …………………………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………………………
Information ……………………………………………………………
149
178
140
191
161
329
243
196
158
135
140
183
181
308
250
259
153
228
137
173
169
418
213
215
134
140
127
173
131
237
225
202
173
154
119
200
166
320
223
168
138
131
114
177
132
415
212
144
166
185
119
187
133
252
209
187
162
174
122
174
137
229
201
172
135
164
122
159
116
256
197
246
Finance and insurance ………………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………………
Professional and technical services …………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………………
Educational services …………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………………
Other services, except public administration ………………………
Unclassified establishments …………………………………………
193
173
224
248
221
114
136
372
206
159
163
193
166
194
195
222
182
137
275
215
132
161
216
299
220
176
208
89
156
273
219
169
125
172
140
268
156
185
238
140
386
210
145
200
193
102
286
143
192
102
130
331
235
132
–
177
137
288
146
162
130
155
325
211
141
212
229
125
262
154
210
128
139
293
222
125
210
206
132
195
168
227
142
137
228
239
133
133
191
148
197
178
201
136
126
213
239
131
–
172
190
180
168
297
170
181
166
220
154
161
168
144
152
138
( 2)
( 2)
207
( 2)
( 2)
214
( 2)
( 2)
158
( 2)
( 2)
198
( 2)
( 2)
163
131
153
120
118
195
159
153
172
142
202
203
179
153
156
176
100
190
145
153
161
169
279
158
171
Reason for layoff
Business demand ........................................................................
Contract cancellation ................................................................
Contract completion ..................................................................
Domestic competition ................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ...........................................
Import competition ....................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown .............................................................
163
143
132
131
152
137
154
145
136
Organizational changes ...............................................................
Business-ownership change .....................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .............................
204
230
198
209
271
198
200
238
191
188
222
179
251
336
229
313
722
173
239
488
184
210
309
186
201
339
157
Financial issues ...........................................................................
Bankruptcy ................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...........................
Financial difficulty ......................................................................
270
359
261
341
205
224
207
238
228
283
2
( )
226
2
( )
217
2
( )
197
2
( )
187
2
( )
209
223
267
196
232
217
298
153
259
213
389
151
237
170
253
136
199
Production specific .......................................................................
Automation/technological advances .........................................
Energy related ...........................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .....................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................................
Material or supply shortage .......................................................
Model changeover ....................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .......................................
Product line discontinued ..........................................................
163
171
353
308
203
172
425
220
–
237
181
246
321
134
150
( 2)
192
159
283
157
123
( 2)
861
121
368
138
177
( 2)
966
77
269
148
204
( 2)
344
138
362
133
186
( 2)
629
149
475
183
269
234
231
392
188
274
89
723
185
177
254
142
131
262
481
230
206
209
192
208
149
110
324
226
117
239
150
162
145
111
53
165
191
108
199
119
96
Disaster/safety .............................................................................
Hazardous work environment ...................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................................
Nonnatural disaster ...................................................................
Extreme weather-related event .................................................
131
239
135
139
120
175
209
252
168
162
134
459
138
130
123
155
255
254
165
154
123
172
168
309
95
106
120
202
95
94
158
120
127
275
151
210
182
–
116
274
133
107
228
104
157
Seasonal ......................................................................................
Seasonal ...................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............................
211
212
178
201
202
193
197
199
160
195
197
156
206
209
157
194
196
184
198
206
169
185
186
184
178
183
158
Other/miscellaneous ....................................................................
Other .........................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .......................................................
Data not provided: Does not know ............................................
214
187
276
190
201
175
218
174
213
218
227
178
208
178
238
184
213
195
244
177
167
163
186
158
195
167
265
178
205
155
255
193
199
143
250
186
Domestic relocation .....................................................................
Overseas relocation .....................................................................
195
251
161
213
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
259
189
213
229
183
201
214
181
222
192
178
187
248
185
200
212
180
167
240
179
186
216
172
175
198
162
181
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ……………………………………………………
Recall expected ………………………………………………………
No recall expected ……………………………………………………
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
3
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the technical note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
17
Table 17. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private
nonfarm sector, 2009–2010
Layoff events
State
Percent of total
Total initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Hispanic
origin
Black
Women
People age 55
and older
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
Total, private nonfarm ......... 11,824
7,247
2,442,000
1,412,386
13.7
15.1
16.3
19.6
35.7
40.2
18.9
20.0
1
Alabama ......................................
Alaska .........................................
Arizona ........................................
Arkansas .....................................
California .....................................
Colorado ......................................
Connecticut .................................
Delaware .....................................
District of Columbia .....................
Florida .........................................
Georgia .......................................
Hawaii .........................................
Idaho ...........................................
79
46
129
49
2,944
129
84
25
12
629
136
34
54
47
48
73
31
1,984
73
64
15
12
264
76
10
31
24,501
10,653
21,441
9,845
568,650
17,772
14,246
3,426
1,464
133,430
39,458
4,216
8,831
12,741
11,055
12,844
7,169
430,859
9,806
11,611
1,717
1,501
64,522
14,096
1,143
3,986
42.8
4.8
5.6
28.6
8.8
4.9
13.9
23.2
57.1
16.4
43.0
1.7
.3
50.1
6.8
8.3
23.0
8.8
5.1
16.6
38.1
69.4
18.1
51.7
1.7
.1
2.4
13.3
38.8
4.8
35.8
22.0
14.4
3.8
12.5
28.1
4.7
11.1
10.9
1.9
15.4
37.3
3.9
36.0
25.8
13.5
9.1
7.2
29.3
3.9
7.3
9.9
42.2
29.2
44.3
38.8
39.0
32.7
48.4
32.9
49.5
40.5
43.6
31.7
34.6
50.8
30.0
49.6
45.4
40.4
40.7
49.8
45.2
60.5
44.2
49.3
37.2
35.0
15.1
23.1
16.7
16.9
15.9
18.9
23.8
21.0
18.6
19.5
17.0
14.3
18.6
16.1
24.0
16.7
19.8
16.6
19.1
23.2
27.7
20.9
20.7
19.3
23.5
20.5
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana ........................................
Iowa .............................................
Kansas ........................................
Kentucky .....................................
Louisiana .....................................
Maine ..........................................
Maryland .....................................
Massachusetts ............................
Michigan ......................................
Minnesota ....................................
Mississippi ...................................
Missouri .......................................
745
277
87
89
198
128
33
84
133
442
274
54
245
460
114
33
49
92
89
31
79
82
162
128
41
156
159,241
54,396
24,057
25,611
33,871
19,124
5,572
10,217
23,113
164,130
44,512
5,241
43,484
86,384
20,314
8,545
8,996
11,500
14,075
4,576
11,277
11,827
23,269
18,515
4,979
23,823
15.9
7.4
2.6
9.1
5.5
52.0
1.4
41.9
9.4
20.0
4.3
63.1
16.0
17.9
11.9
2.9
10.6
11.0
55.4
2.1
47.4
12.1
12.2
5.5
60.5
18.8
13.3
2.6
2.0
5.8
.3
3.2
.3
3.1
1.5
3.1
4.8
1.6
1.0
15.5
2.9
5.5
5.7
.1
4.0
.3
2.3
1.7
5.8
7.0
2.3
1.4
33.2
29.4
26.2
30.7
17.1
37.4
29.6
41.9
46.4
29.3
25.1
40.6
42.3
37.3
28.9
36.4
43.3
29.8
46.0
42.4
44.6
44.2
39.6
22.2
40.5
48.6
17.9
18.9
18.9
17.1
16.4
20.1
23.0
20.8
23.4
18.0
19.6
18.3
23.5
17.9
19.7
22.1
21.9
18.6
17.6
23.6
23.0
23.7
19.1
20.0
16.4
26.4
Montana ......................................
Nebraska .....................................
Nevada ........................................
New Hampshire ...........................
New Jersey .................................
New Mexico .................................
New York .....................................
North Carolina .............................
North Dakota ...............................
Ohio .............................................
Oklahoma ....................................
Oregon ........................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
35
24
195
26
340
65
695
206
31
562
64
189
769
31
24
80
18
224
45
642
126
21
318
13
94
444
4,441
3,399
44,547
3,957
60,114
9,168
130,062
62,723
4,942
135,786
11,927
46,505
160,337
3,336
2,827
16,845
2,789
44,874
6,000
118,151
32,395
3,005
54,566
3,156
22,378
85,827
.1
2.3
8.4
.7
20.3
2.1
13.9
39.3
1.5
11.3
9.6
1.6
5.3
.4
7.1
8.6
.7
20.4
2.5
15.8
46.0
1.4
11.7
14.2
1.7
8.6
3.1
7.7
31.1
3.0
8.9
44.5
12.6
6.3
2.0
3.3
6.9
16.1
3.2
3.4
5.7
28.0
1.5
8.0
45.1
15.9
7.8
2.6
3.2
4.3
20.4
3.6
22.1
38.0
34.0
41.7
52.9
33.1
42.0
42.3
16.7
27.6
24.5
37.8
29.9
30.8
44.7
35.3
51.1
55.3
36.1
41.2
43.7
15.6
30.6
44.2
45.9
37.0
22.5
28.8
18.1
25.7
25.9
17.4
23.2
16.9
18.0
21.9
16.2
20.4
24.8
26.2
28.8
19.8
30.9
28.3
19.1
25.2
16.4
21.6
21.8
15.0
21.9
26.7
Rhode Island ...............................
South Carolina ............................
South Dakota ..............................
Tennessee ..................................
Texas ..........................................
Utah .............................................
Vermont .......................................
Virginia ........................................
Washington .................................
West Virginia ...............................
Wisconsin ....................................
Wyoming .....................................
30
136
9
175
308
63
35
106
219
49
344
10
25
87
4,126
16,608
( )
2,898
23,029
869
32,130
65,393
11,412
5,560
22,909
45,204
6,768
76,089
1,329
( )
4.5
50.9
4.3
22.1
16.1
1.4
.6
38.3
5.7
.2
6.2
1.8
3.4
60.4
4.8
28.7
17.7
.7
.6
40.5
5.8
.1
8.1
1.3
17.1
1.2
2.3
–
40.1
12.0
.3
3.8
12.7
.1
6.3
7.0
16.2
1.5
12.4
.1
43.7
11.2
.4
4.6
17.4
.1
8.4
6.8
55.3
45.9
28.4
39.2
28.4
29.1
33.2
42.3
37.3
16.9
30.5
25.6
70.0
49.6
69.7
47.5
33.4
23.1
45.6
43.8
35.5
12.9
36.9
35.6
30.1
10.5
18.5
21.8
14.6
12.7
25.2
20.2
15.8
16.2
20.0
15.9
34.9
11.5
16.6
25.6
14.6
16.8
24.7
21.8
16.4
13.8
21.8
20.3
Puerto Rico .................................
51
48
11,201
14,153
.1
.1
99.3
99.4
52.2
51.8
10.7
7.4
1
2
( )
95
180
39
15
109
139
21
205
2
2
( )
19,020
43,421
6,482
2,216
21,838
24,967
3,347
41,784
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
18
Table 18. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010
Percent of total race/ethnicity1
Measure
White
2009
Total, private nonfarm2 ....................................................
Hispanic
origin
Black
2010
2009
2010
2009
American Indian or
Alaska Native
2010
Asian or Pacific
Islander
2009
2010
2009
2010
57.9
54.1
13.7
15.1
16.3
19.6
.7
.8
3.7
3.5
Mining …………………………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………………
Information ……………………………………………………………
65.3
85.2
63.4
66.9
57.2
50.8
51.8
58.8
74.0
78.0
67.1
55.4
48.1
48.5
50.2
65.4
4.5
5.7
5.7
12.5
12.6
16.9
20.4
13.4
2.9
7.5
5.9
13.6
11.2
18.7
23.0
10.8
16.7
4.1
23.1
9.5
18.2
19.2
17.0
11.9
9.3
8.5
20.4
18.5
28.2
21.3
17.4
10.9
2.7
.5
1.3
.5
.6
.7
.6
.5
4.5
.5
1.2
.6
.4
.8
.5
.6
.8
2.1
1.3
3.6
4.3
3.2
2.7
5.3
1.3
2.0
.9
5.7
4.4
3.0
2.4
3.9
Finance and insurance ………………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………………
Educational services …………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………………
Unclassified establishments ………………………………………
48.3
49.9
57.5
59.0
44.8
46.1
41.3
58.4
45.2
44.3
64.2
45.5
58.3
59.9
58.3
43.8
42.4
40.0
62.2
48.9
39.7
–
15.1
12.2
13.8
20.3
17.9
21.6
21.6
12.0
17.2
23.8
9.4
17.1
10.9
11.7
15.9
20.1
22.2
22.6
13.0
19.4
28.4
–
16.2
21.1
13.8
8.9
25.0
17.2
23.8
17.4
22.1
17.8
12.8
18.9
16.8
14.4
14.1
25.1
21.6
25.7
14.6
20.0
19.8
–
.4
.7
.6
.4
.8
.4
.9
.7
.8
1.3
1.1
.5
.8
.6
.4
.7
.7
.9
.5
.7
1.3
–
8.3
5.4
5.7
4.1
3.3
4.7
3.7
2.3
6.3
3.1
3.4
7.3
2.8
5.0
7.5
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.2
4.0
2.8
–
Business demand ......................................................................
Contract cancellation ..............................................................
Contract completion ................................................................
Domestic competition ..............................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .........................................
Import competition ..................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasona
business slowdown ...........................................................
61.7
50.8
55.8
63.8
79.2
56.3
57.6
46.3
59.0
72.5
58.2
71.7
12.3
18.7
11.1
8.2
10.4
29.1
12.5
22.6
10.9
12.9
17.4
13.2
15.4
17.4
23.9
1.5
3.4
6.1
19.6
18.5
20.8
8.7
16.5
1.7
.8
.9
1.1
.2
.6
.4
.9
.7
1.1
.3
.4
.1
2.9
4.7
2.0
.4
1.5
1.9
3.0
3.8
2.4
2.1
.9
5.2
63.7
57.0
12.4
13.2
12.9
18.5
.7
.6
3.2
3.6
Organizational changes .............................................................
Business-ownership change ...................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ...........................
57.0
48.3
58.6
49.8
49.3
49.9
16.0
13.2
16.5
17.4
14.0
18.1
11.7
19.1
10.4
18.8
22.7
18.0
.4
.5
.4
.6
.6
.5
5.0
6.7
4.6
5.3
4.6
5.4
Financial issues .........................................................................
Bankruptcy ..............................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .........................
Financial difficulty ....................................................................
54.8
61.5
52.1
54.7
47.4
60.5
47.3
43.4
17.9
20.1
18.7
13.7
20.1
12.5
22.3
17.4
13.0
9.2
13.2
16.4
17.8
14.2
17.5
19.6
.6
.4
.7
.6
.7
.6
.8
.6
5.4
2.4
6.4
5.7
5.0
2.7
5.1
5.5
Production specific .....................................................................
Automation/technological advances .......................................
Energy related .........................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..............................
Material or supply shortage .....................................................
Model changeover ..................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .....................................
Product line discontinued ........................................................
49.4
46.2
94.5
52.2
65.0
30.3
48.2
77.0
29.5
55.2
58.3
88.7
51.1
58.1
91.5
52.2
48.9
59.5
14.1
29.4
–
19.8
9.0
3.0
2.1
8.1
15.7
16.6
9.6
3.0
35.1
8.7
2.4
11.6
14.2
6.9
17.2
6.7
1.8
16.3
13.8
50.3
46.6
5.5
6.1
14.6
13.2
.6
7.7
10.8
.8
22.9
21.5
26.6
.4
.2
2.7
.3
.1
1.2
.2
.6
.1
1.3
.8
.6
.2
.5
.4
.6
4.0
–
4.0
5.8
–
4.3
4.5
6.3
1.5
4.0
3.3
2.7
3.9
–
1.9
1.2
–
5.3
2.2
4.6
Disaster/safety ...........................................................................
Hazardous work environment .................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .....................................
Nonnatural disaster .................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ...............................................
38.6
18.8
–
27.3
53.6
69.5
63.1
26.2
77.3
71.6
16.9
.6
–
39.4
9.4
14.4
–
67.1
13.8
8.7
16.4
–
–
19.6
21.0
5.6
6.3
2.8
4.5
6.7
.7
–
–
.5
1.2
.5
1.1
.4
.7
.3
1.6
–
–
4.5
.3
3.2
.4
2.0
.7
5.9
Seasonal ....................................................................................
Seasonal .................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ..........................
60.7
62.1
55.8
58.4
59.4
53.9
13.8
11.2
22.6
14.1
12.5
21.2
16.8
17.8
13.3
18.7
18.9
17.6
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.8
2.6
2.9
1.6
3.0
3.3
1.5
Other/miscellaneous ..................................................................
Other .......................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .....................................................
Data not provided: Does not know ..........................................
49.3
49.6
45.3
50.9
44.1
51.7
41.4
44.9
14.1
13.5
15.3
13.7
19.1
9.1
22.4
18.2
20.6
16.3
23.9
19.6
22.6
19.8
23.2
22.5
.8
.9
.7
.7
.7
2.1
.7
.6
4.9
5.8
4.4
5.1
4.1
3.2
4.0
4.2
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
19
Table 19. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010
Percent of total by age1
Measure
Less than 30 years
30–44
Percent of total by gender1
45–54
55 or older
Men
Women
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
19.7
21.8
34.2
32.8
26.6
24.8
18.9
20.0
63.4
59.5
35.7
40.2
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
25.5
14.0
19.5
11.5
16.4
42.8
14.8
16.9
21.5
14.8
13.8
17.3
12.3
16.0
42.1
12.3
16.6
24.5
35.2
34.4
40.0
34.4
35.4
26.0
31.9
37.8
38.6
33.9
32.9
40.1
30.9
33.5
26.3
28.8
40.1
36.0
23.6
30.5
26.9
31.8
27.5
16.7
27.0
26.1
22.4
28.7
25.4
28.1
30.5
28.4
16.6
26.6
24.9
21.0
15.5
20.9
13.4
21.4
19.9
14.3
25.9
19.0
17.1
22.4
27.6
14.3
24.8
21.5
14.9
32.0
18.1
18.3
90.5
82.7
93.5
70.4
61.9
44.7
56.2
58.8
39.0
91.7
80.6
94.4
66.4
58.9
43.8
49.5
62.2
36.9
6.8
17.3
6.0
28.4
37.7
54.9
43.1
40.9
60.8
6.6
19.2
5.4
33.3
40.6
56.0
50.3
37.7
62.9
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
26.6
19.2
13.1
29.1
21.5
18.7
32.2
24.1
21.7
6.8
40.9
18.1
14.6
29.8
23.2
19.9
31.6
25.1
21.2
–
34.4
32.8
30.5
34.5
32.9
36.9
25.8
30.3
33.9
27.2
32.7
31.1
32.9
33.6
34.5
36.5
24.9
27.7
33.3
–
22.0
22.0
27.4
21.7
22.5
24.6
18.4
25.4
24.3
32.1
15.7
21.8
27.7
21.6
20.6
24.2
18.3
25.1
23.8
–
16.8
25.8
29.0
14.1
22.9
19.3
23.3
19.9
18.5
34.0
10.5
28.8
24.8
14.7
21.6
19.4
25.0
21.3
20.1
–
62.7
47.5
46.8
59.6
32.2
16.8
54.3
41.9
46.4
79.6
57.5
46.9
52.6
59.6
31.9
15.1
56.6
38.2
39.9
–
37.1
52.2
52.2
39.5
67.7
82.9
45.2
57.5
51.4
20.4
42.3
52.8
47.2
39.9
68.0
84.7
43.3
61.7
59.8
–
Business demand ....................................................
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion ..............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasona
business slowdown .........................................
18.1
23.7
21.6
25.7
14.6
8.8
20.2
21.3
20.8
33.1
23.6
15.2
35.6
33.5
37.5
34.3
32.3
29.7
36.2
29.7
38.1
32.6
28.8
32.7
27.6
24.8
25.3
25.0
26.3
29.1
25.9
24.8
25.4
18.9
23.5
26.1
18.0
17.9
15.2
14.9
21.9
25.8
17.5
22.4
15.5
15.3
24.0
25.9
71.9
57.9
78.5
55.9
77.1
56.2
71.9
56.7
77.7
61.2
65.8
50.9
27.3
41.4
20.8
21.0
22.6
43.3
27.8
42.7
21.9
38.6
34.2
49.1
16.7
19.1
35.3
34.7
28.7
26.7
18.8
19.2
70.3
66.9
28.9
32.9
Organizational changes ...........................................
Business-ownership change .................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .........
15.3
16.1
15.2
25.2
22.7
25.8
36.4
37.4
36.2
31.6
34.2
31.0
28.7
27.9
28.8
23.4
23.7
23.3
19.4
18.3
19.6
19.5
19.0
19.6
57.2
52.0
58.1
48.5
45.1
49.2
42.0
47.5
41.0
51.1
54.2
50.4
Financial issues .......................................................
Bankruptcy ............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .......
Financial difficulty .................................................
21.0
19.1
20.5
24.2
24.8
34.7
26.4
17.8
33.6
33.4
34.4
31.8
31.8
28.5
31.6
33.2
26.2
27.8
25.7
25.5
23.7
19.6
22.9
27.1
19.1
19.6
19.2
18.1
19.4
16.8
18.9
21.7
56.2
63.0
54.0
54.5
51.8
53.8
50.2
54.9
43.3
35.4
45.9
45.2
48.0
45.9
49.5
45.0
Production specific ...................................................
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued ......................................
15.2
15.6
40.9
21.6
14.9
19.9
8.2
14.3
7.2
26.1
19.1
10.7
21.9
9.4
21.5
63.3
28.0
8.7
34.9
34.9
40.0
35.7
35.8
32.2
39.1
33.4
33.1
32.4
29.9
26.2
35.3
33.9
37.7
21.6
37.6
28.0
28.2
27.5
13.6
23.1
32.2
25.8
31.7
26.8
34.2
23.6
22.8
39.9
24.4
34.1
28.7
8.6
21.7
35.5
21.4
21.7
5.5
19.4
17.0
22.1
20.9
25.5
24.9
17.7
27.9
23.2
18.4
22.1
12.1
6.3
12.7
27.7
50.7
42.8
98.2
38.7
76.1
50.1
47.3
79.9
42.3
57.4
50.5
95.8
37.6
79.8
68.4
43.2
71.7
63.0
39.6
48.3
1.8
59.7
23.9
49.9
52.6
19.9
18.3
42.1
46.6
4.2
62.4
20.2
31.6
56.5
28.1
37.0
Disaster/safety .........................................................
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Nonnatural disaster ...............................................
Extreme weather-related event .............................
18.2
22.1
–
23.7
13.2
20.9
26.5
15.1
17.3
23.7
34.8
38.2
–
35.0
33.4
31.5
40.7
35.3
32.5
28.5
26.0
20.7
–
27.6
27.2
25.9
18.7
31.3
31.2
22.1
17.0
19.0
–
13.5
18.4
21.7
14.2
18.3
19.0
25.7
64.6
19.4
–
61.8
84.4
72.5
85.1
89.7
87.5
55.1
16.0
–
–
38.2
8.5
27.5
14.9
10.3
12.5
44.9
Seasonal ..................................................................
Seasonal ...............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........
18.8
20.8
11.8
19.4
21.3
11.9
31.0
31.6
28.9
30.4
30.9
28.3
26.2
25.9
27.2
25.7
25.3
27.2
23.8
21.6
31.5
24.3
22.4
32.4
52.8
60.9
24.7
52.4
58.8
26.1
46.6
38.5
74.8
47.4
41.0
73.9
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
Other .....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know ........................
24.7
22.3
31.7
22.0
26.8
25.6
31.5
24.6
33.3
34.3
31.9
33.9
31.4
35.4
29.7
32.0
24.1
24.7
21.3
25.3
22.1
22.1
20.1
23.0
16.9
16.6
14.5
17.8
18.1
15.4
15.8
19.3
58.1
61.1
57.2
58.2
53.7
62.6
50.6
54.6
40.9
38.1
42.4
40.5
46.2
37.1
49.3
45.2
Total, private nonfarm2 ..................................
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
20
Table 20. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by state, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Continued claims without earnings1
State
Total, private nonfarm2………………………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,412,386
2,891,061
2.0
267,793
19.0
Alabama ………………………………………………………………
Alaska …………………………………………………………………
Arizona ………………………………………………………………
Arkansas ………………………………………………………………
California ………………………………………………………………
Colorado ………………………………………………………………
Connecticut ……………………………………………………………
Delaware ………………………………………………………………
District of Columbia …………………………………………………
Florida …………………………………………………………………
Georgia ………………………………………………………………
Hawaii …………………………………………………………………
Idaho …………………………………………………………………
12,741
11,055
12,844
7,169
430,859
9,806
11,611
1,717
1,501
64,522
14,096
1,143
3,986
29,061
20,364
28,264
16,306
791,634
30,846
35,132
2,768
5,034
175,612
27,128
2,821
6,107
2.3
1.8
2.2
2.3
1.8
3.1
3.0
1.6
3.4
2.7
1.9
2.5
1.5
2,458
2,305
3,102
1,834
80,654
465
3,135
128
222
23,252
4,637
230
853
19.3
20.9
24.2
25.6
18.7
4.7
27.0
7.5
14.8
36.0
32.9
20.1
21.4
Illinois …………………………………………………………………
Indiana …………………………………………………………………
Iowa ……………………………………………………………………
Kansas ………………………………………………………………
Kentucky ………………………………………………………………
Louisiana ………………………………………………………………
Maine …………………………………………………………………
Maryland ………………………………………………………………
Massachusetts ………………………………………………………
Michigan ………………………………………………………………
Minnesota ……………………………………………………………
Mississippi ……………………………………………………………
Missouri ………………………………………………………………
86,384
20,314
8,545
8,996
11,500
14,075
4,576
11,277
11,827
23,269
18,515
4,979
23,823
197,149
42,371
19,607
16,642
3,575
30,293
9,363
32,723
27,104
56,545
41,227
11,578
49,525
2.3
2.1
2.3
1.8
.3
2.2
2.0
2.9
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.1
14,416
4,287
764
1,445
2,601
2,689
807
2,264
2,880
4,640
2,171
1,075
2,069
16.7
21.1
8.9
16.1
22.6
19.1
17.6
20.1
24.4
19.9
11.7
21.6
8.7
Montana ………………………………………………………………
Nebraska ………………………………………………………………
Nevada .......................................................................................
New Hampshire .........................................................................
New Jersey ................................................................................
New Mexico ...............................................................................
New York………………………………………………………………
North Carolina ………………………………………………………
North Dakota …………………………………………………………
Ohio ……………………………………………………………………
Oklahoma ……………………………………………………………
Oregon ………………………………………………………………
Pennsylvania …………………………………………………………
3,336
2,827
16,845
2,789
44,874
6,000
118,151
32,395
3,005
54,566
3,156
22,378
85,827
5,999
4,927
30,216
5,130
106,422
15,827
248,886
78,199
5,159
112,851
7,048
34,333
158,887
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.4
2.6
2.1
2.4
1.7
2.1
2.2
1.5
1.9
632
173
3,752
203
9,417
1,308
18,905
9,301
777
8,862
677
3,338
10,192
18.9
6.1
22.3
7.3
21.0
21.8
16.0
28.7
25.9
16.2
21.5
14.9
11.9
Rhode Island …………………………………………………………
South Carolina ………………………………………………………
South Dakota …………………………………………………………
Tennessee ……………………………………………………………
Texas …………………………………………………………………
Utah ……………………………………………………………………
Vermont ………………………………………………………………
Virginia ………………………………………………………………
Washington ……………………………………………………………
West Virginia …………………………………………………………
Wisconsin ……………………………………………………………
Wyoming ………………………………………………………………
4,126
16,608
145
19,020
43,421
6,482
2,216
21,838
24,967
3,347
41,784
1,153
8,146
34,113
87
50,302
94,969
11,904
3,682
40,137
48,524
7,622
66,400
2,512
2.0
2.1
.6
2.6
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.3
1.6
2.2
493
3,321
1
5,175
11,239
951
438
3,761
4,082
130
4,937
345
11.9
20.0
.7
27.2
25.9
14.7
19.8
17.2
16.3
3.9
11.8
29.9
Puerto Rico ……………………………………………………………
14,153
32,384
2.3
716
5.1
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once
a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information
for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
21
Table 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Continued claims without earnings 1
Measure
Total, private nonfarm 2…………………………………………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Final payments for unemployment
1
insurance
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,412,386
2,891,061
2.0
267,793
19.0
Mining …………………………………………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………………………………………
Information ……………………………………………………………………………
8,246
3,266
251,417
257,712
17,319
152,959
105,099
76,222
16,727
7,120
481,941
543,492
47,477
313,115
166,793
130,793
2.0
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.7
2.0
1.6
1.7
969
722
36,684
51,672
4,604
35,693
10,210
12,256
11.8
22.1
14.6
20.1
26.6
23.3
9.7
16.1
Finance and insurance ………………………………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………………………………
Professional and technical services …………………………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………………………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………………………………
Educational services …………………………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………………………………
Other services, except public administration ………………………………………
Unclassified establishments …………………………………………………………
53,291
9,575
63,189
4,815
172,897
13,284
49,243
34,023
120,411
19,418
–
156,740
23,753
145,337
13,942
380,110
27,681
120,980
70,706
203,332
41,022
–
2.9
2.5
2.3
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.5
2.1
1.7
2.1
–
16,251
2,770
19,684
1,143
42,120
2,656
8,537
5,414
13,015
3,393
–
30.5
28.9
31.2
23.7
24.4
20.0
17.3
15.9
10.8
17.5
–
Business demand ..............................................................................................
Contract cancellation ......................................................................................
Contract completion .......................................................................................
Domestic competition .....................................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ................................................................
Import competition ..........................................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..................................................................................
509,089
24,989
262,846
2,458
3,359
1,006
1,000,266
59,368
484,828
7,442
7,764
3,328
2.0
2.4
1.8
3.0
2.3
3.3
99,341
6,596
49,738
749
902
314
19.5
26.4
18.9
30.5
26.9
31.2
214,431
437,536
2.0
41,042
19.1
Organizational changes ....................................................................................
Business-ownership change ..........................................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..................................................
80,192
13,819
66,373
221,843
43,870
177,973
2.8
3.2
2.7
24,358
4,391
19,967
30.4
31.8
30.1
Financial issues .................................................................................................
Bankruptcy .....................................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ................................................
Financial difficulty ...........................................................................................
103,762
9,055
66,594
28,113
298,245
27,967
172,002
98,276
2.9
3.1
2.6
3.5
32,228
2,895
19,180
10,153
31.1
32.0
28.8
36.1
Production specific ............................................................................................
Automation/technological advances ...............................................................
Energy related ................................................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..........................................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ......................................................
Material or supply shortage ............................................................................
Model changeover ..........................................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ............................................................
Product line discontinued ...............................................................................
8,459
1,246
168
2,079
1,281
247
1,214
1,878
346
20,820
2,825
308
7,542
5,261
371
2,209
1,736
568
2.5
2.3
1.8
3.6
4.1
1.5
1.8
.9
1.6
1,665
169
22
689
199
16
280
145
145
19.7
13.6
13.1
33.1
15.5
6.5
23.1
7.7
41.9
Disaster/safety ..................................................................................................
Hazardous work environment ........................................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ............................................................
Nonnatural disaster ........................................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ......................................................................
3,225
268
252
1,209
1,496
7,067
389
535
2,842
3,301
2.2
1.5
2.1
2.4
2.2
624
74
22
223
305
19.3
27.6
8.7
18.4
20.4
Seasonal ...........................................................................................................
Seasonal ........................................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .................................................
442,596
356,989
85,607
833,388
687,719
145,669
1.9
1.9
1.7
60,815
55,459
5,356
13.7
15.5
6.3
Other/miscellaneous .........................................................................................
Other ..............................................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .............................................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .................................................................
265,063
9,694
79,920
175,449
509,432
21,401
144,608
343,423
1.9
2.2
1.8
2.0
48,762
2,075
14,277
32,410
18.4
21.4
17.9
18.5
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ……………………………………………………………………
Recall expected ………………………………………………………………………
No recall expected ……………………………………………………………………
118,575
665,888
399,051
355,225
1,208,285
1,022,304
3.0
1.8
2.6
38,069
92,705
113,377
32.1
13.9
28.4
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once
a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information
for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
22
Table 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest metropolitan areas,
private nonfarm sector, 2010
Metropolitan area
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Continued claims without
Final payments for
earnings1
unemployment insurance1
Number
Average
number filed per
initial claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
Total, 372 metropolitan areas2………………………………………………
1,164,598
2,411,632
2.1
227,940
19.6
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas3 ………………………………………………
831,751
1,712,404
2.1
163,560
19.7
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. ……………………………………
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. …………………
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. …………………………………………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. …………………………………………
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. …………………………………………
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. …………………………………………
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif. …………………………………
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. …………………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. …………………………………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. …………………………………
Pittsburgh, Pa. ………………………………………………………………………
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas ……………………………………………
147,478
100,658
55,067
48,731
47,884
30,265
23,503
22,684
18,278
17,172
16,034
13,890
237,335
219,300
133,789
87,639
97,049
57,482
51,443
48,868
38,952
52,450
31,371
29,914
1.6
2.2
2.4
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.1
3.1
2.0
2.2
23,377
18,446
10,397
9,111
9,943
5,957
5,316
3,831
4,095
6,961
2,107
3,389
15.9
18.3
18.9
18.7
20.8
19.7
22.6
16.9
22.4
40.5
13.1
24.4
Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev. …………………………………………………………
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. ……………………………………………………………………
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. …………………………………………………
Fresno, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
Stockton, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
Modesto, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. ……………………………………………………
Bakersfield-Delano, Calif. …………………………………………………………
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. …………………………………………
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wis. …………………………………………
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio ……………………………………………………
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash. ………………………………………
Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. ……………………………………………………
13,684
13,662
13,093
11,953
11,814
11,434
9,794
9,596
9,532
9,172
9,010
8,495
8,356
23,880
29,129
28,635
22,861
26,954
22,675
24,888
17,870
26,972
16,478
15,723
16,111
18,419
1.7
2.1
2.2
1.9
2.3
2.0
2.5
1.9
2.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.2
2,818
1,484
2,487
2,499
3,038
2,710
2,241
1,588
3,677
1,391
1,332
1,660
1,868
20.6
10.9
19.0
20.9
25.7
23.7
22.9
16.5
38.6
15.2
14.8
19.5
22.4
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, Calif. …………………………………………
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. …………………………………………
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. …………………………………………………………
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. …………………………………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas ………………………………………………
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. …………………………………
Baltimore-Towson, Md. ……………………………………………………………
Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. ……………………………………………
Jacksonville, Fla. ……………………………………………………………………
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. ………………………………
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. ……………………………………………
Vallejo-Fairfield, Calif. ………………………………………………………………
8,118
7,917
7,526
7,505
7,187
7,029
6,969
6,776
6,577
6,461
6,128
5,931
14,060
17,077
13,863
20,484
19,425
17,547
21,084
16,538
15,618
11,895
12,627
11,717
1.7
2.2
1.8
2.7
2.7
2.5
3.0
2.4
2.4
1.8
2.1
2.0
1,357
1,718
873
2,687
2,592
1,186
1,486
1,516
1,904
1,178
2,377
1,162
16.7
21.7
11.6
35.8
36.1
16.9
21.3
22.4
28.9
18.2
38.8
19.6
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C. …………………………………………
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ………………………………………………………
Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J. ……………………………………………………
Rochester, N.Y. ……………………………………………………………………
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. ………………………
Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. ……………………………………………………………
Visalia-Porterville, Calif. ……………………………………………………………
Indianapolis-Carmel, Ind. …………………………………………………………
Columbus, Ohio ……………………………………………………………………
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. …………………………………………
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, Tenn. …………………………
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, R.I.-Mass. ………………………………………
Merced, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
5,860
5,848
5,772
5,664
5,483
5,337
4,899
4,758
4,704
4,617
4,560
4,466
4,420
15,544
10,571
9,720
12,428
14,779
12,114
9,027
11,437
11,557
9,173
11,316
8,887
7,729
2.7
1.8
1.7
2.2
2.7
2.3
1.8
2.4
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
1.7
1,911
695
636
924
910
705
892
1,153
956
638
1,068
579
734
32.6
11.9
11.0
16.3
16.6
13.2
18.2
24.2
20.3
13.8
23.4
13.0
16.6
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once
a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information
for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
The 50 highest metropolitan areas in terms of the level of extended mass layoff initial claims activity are shown.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 10-22, December 01, 2009.
23
Table 23. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Characteristic
Total, private nonfarm2 …………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment insurance
Final payments for
1
unemployment insurance
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
1,412,386
267,793
19.0
308,456
463,805
350,303
282,671
7,151
59,287
85,699
63,207
59,049
551
19.2
18.5
18.0
20.9
7.7
840,288
568,425
3,673
147,816
119,174
803
17.6
21.0
21.9
764,502
213,744
277,211
10,904
48,943
97,082
128,951
52,212
54,531
2,252
10,323
19,524
16.9
24.4
19.7
20.7
21.1
20.1
Age
Under 30 years of age ………………………………
30–44 …………………………………………………
45–54 …………………………………………………
55 years of age or over ………………………...……
Not available …………………………………………
Gender
Male ……………………………………………………
Female …………………………………………………
Not available ………………………………………...…
Race/ethnicity
White ……………………………………………………
Black ……………………………………………………
Hispanic origin …………………………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native …………………
Asian or Pacific Islander ……………………………
Not available …………………………………………
1
Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
24
Table 24. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm
sector, 2008–2010
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
2008
2009
2010
United States1 ...............................
8,259
11,824
7,247
1,516,978
2,108,202
1,256,606
1,670,042
2,442,000
1,412,386
Northeast ................................................
1,355
2,145
1,545
246,330
366,195
238,752
260,916
405,859
285,997
New England .......................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................
219
1,136
341
1,804
235
1,310
36,816
209,514
55,334
310,861
42,604
196,148
34,022
226,894
55,346
350,513
37,145
248,852
South .......................................................
1,645
2,438
1,377
305,650
455,977
247,465
329,693
505,456
283,362
South Atlantic ......................................
East South Central ..............................
West South Central .............................
888
374
383
1,383
506
549
789
275
313
173,612
60,788
71,250
255,522
92,000
108,455
142,956
49,527
54,982
179,648
71,316
78,729
303,424
95,743
106,289
167,301
48,240
67,821
Midwest ...................................................
2,349
3,129
1,671
460,641
575,897
281,873
562,953
736,516
292,173
East North Central ..............................
West North Central .............................
1,810
539
2,370
759
1,259
412
371,227
89,414
450,852
125,045
211,273
70,600
467,181
95,772
589,642
146,874
226,317
65,856
West ........................................................
2,910
4,112
2,654
504,357
710,133
488,516
516,480
794,169
550,854
Mountain .............................................
Pacific .................................................
420
2,490
680
3,432
379
2,275
89,810
414,547
118,740
591,393
80,584
407,932
70,900
445,580
118,941
675,228
60,452
490,402
1
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The states (and the District of Columbia) that make up the census divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic–New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central–Arkansas,
Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central-Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
25
Table 25. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm
sector, 2008–2010
Layoff events
Initial claimants for unemployment
insurance
Separations
State
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
8,259
11,824
7,247
1,516,978
2,108,202
1,256,606
1,670,042
2,442,000
1,412,386
Alabama .......................................................
60
Alaska ...........................................................
22
Arizona .........................................................
64
Arkansas .......................................................
48
California ...................................................... 2,161
Colorado .......................................................
59
Connecticut ...................................................
47
Delaware ......................................................
11
District of Columbia ......................................
8
Florida ...........................................................
480
Georgia .........................................................
114
Hawaii ...........................................................
32
Idaho .............................................................
93
79
46
129
49
2,944
129
84
25
12
629
136
34
54
47
48
73
31
1,984
73
64
15
12
264
76
10
31
13,237
11,212
11,578
7,755
343,867
23,123
9,721
1,305
1,091
105,619
15,504
8,415
12,904
22,102
16,709
21,402
9,407
496,952
24,057
15,151
4,478
1,464
138,840
20,536
3,811
8,337
10,752
13,681
14,714
4,122
356,179
19,052
14,774
1,990
1,501
66,590
8,542
1,153
5,262
18,214
5,116
10,170
9,025
375,422
7,884
8,825
1,345
936
93,111
30,610
5,611
13,492
24,501
10,653
21,441
9,845
568,650
17,772
14,246
3,426
1,464
133,430
39,458
4,216
8,831
12,741
11,055
12,844
7,169
430,859
9,806
11,611
1,717
1,501
64,522
14,096
1,143
3,986
Illinois ............................................................
Indiana ..........................................................
Iowa ..............................................................
Kansas ..........................................................
Kentucky .......................................................
Louisiana ......................................................
Maine ............................................................
Maryland .......................................................
Massachusetts ..............................................
Michigan .......................................................
Minnesota .....................................................
Mississippi ....................................................
Missouri ........................................................
591
289
79
55
125
100
17
54
107
385
169
59
201
745
277
87
89
198
128
33
84
133
442
274
54
245
460
114
33
49
92
89
31
79
82
162
128
41
156
120,268
46,816
10,208
8,042
17,323
17,248
4,220
7,218
16,684
81,728
28,618
10,176
37,705
140,451
39,600
10,473
19,818
35,464
23,288
7,826
9,973
19,669
89,727
39,799
6,865
45,179
81,890
12,835
5,832
6,843
15,401
18,259
5,210
13,785
11,917
20,798
18,609
7,077
31,561
122,380
80,622
19,926
8,188
19,270
16,455
2,611
7,246
16,562
135,728
28,250
8,516
35,337
159,241
54,396
24,057
25,611
33,871
19,124
5,572
10,217
23,113
164,130
44,512
5,241
43,484
86,384
20,314
8,545
8,996
11,500
14,075
4,576
11,277
11,827
23,269
18,515
4,979
23,823
Montana ........................................................
Nebraska ......................................................
Nevada .........................................................
New Hampshire ............................................
New Jersey ...................................................
New Mexico ..................................................
New York ......................................................
North Carolina ..............................................
North Dakota ................................................
Ohio ..............................................................
Oklahoma .....................................................
Oregon ..........................................................
Pennsylvania ................................................
32
19
94
12
248
38
413
69
11
385
32
130
475
35
24
195
26
340
65
695
206
31
562
64
189
769
31
24
80
18
224
45
642
126
21
318
13
94
444
3,278
2,782
18,926
1,842
53,465
5,662
86,014
11,596
1,364
88,507
7,670
26,616
70,035
4,971
4,168
33,851
3,994
67,947
10,991
125,569
33,602
4,659
114,879
12,162
33,750
117,345
5,411
5,172
13,923
3,627
51,003
8,387
93,181
12,315
2,433
51,466
2,981
20,972
51,964
3,903
2,166
22,542
1,434
46,436
5,886
80,112
15,500
1,364
87,352
6,549
34,552
100,346
4,441
3,399
44,547
3,957
60,114
9,168
130,062
62,723
4,942
135,786
11,927
46,505
160,337
3,336
2,827
16,845
2,789
44,874
6,000
118,151
32,395
3,005
54,566
3,156
22,378
85,827
Rhode Island ................................................
South Carolina ..............................................
South Dakota ................................................
Tennessee ....................................................
Texas ............................................................
Utah ..............................................................
Vermont ........................................................
Virginia ..........................................................
Washington ...................................................
West Virginia ................................................
Wisconsin .....................................................
Wyoming .......................................................
21
84
5
130
203
34
15
48
145
20
160
6
30
136
9
175
308
63
35
106
219
49
344
10
25
87
2,969
19,780
949
27,569
63,598
9,980
5,725
17,682
40,171
9,167
66,195
5,151
4,282
15,974
( )
2,428
19,976
541
25,316
46,700
6,509
2,162
8,391
24,879
2,533
41,099
514
2,898
23,029
869
32,130
65,393
11,412
5,560
22,909
45,204
6,768
76,089
1,329
4,126
16,608
( )
2,408
18,074
695
20,052
38,577
9,812
1,941
10,347
24,437
2,858
33,908
4,527
Puerto Rico ...................................................
47
51
48
4,391
5,635
5,353
10,281
11,201
14,153
Total, private nonfarm1 .......................
2
( )
95
180
39
15
109
139
21
205
2
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
26
2
( )
16,297
29,620
9,352
2,794
17,946
15,947
4,313
44,284
2
2
( )
19,020
43,421
6,482
2,216
21,838
24,967
3,347
41,784
2
( )
Table 26. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010, by residency
of claimants, private nonfarm sector
2009
Metropolitan area
Initial claimants for
unemployment
insurance
2010
Initial claimants for
unemployment
insurance
Rank1
Rank1
Total, 372 metropolitan areas2 ………………………………………………
1,961,494
…
1,164,598
…
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas ………………………………………………
1,347,028
…
831,751
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. ……………………………………
183,953
1
147,478
1
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. …………………
111,605
2
100,658
2
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. …………………………………………
87,998
4
55,067
3
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. ………………………………………
69,028
6
48,731
4
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. …………………………………………
70,569
5
47,884
5
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. …………………………………………
42,220
7
30,265
6
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif. …………………………………
31,274
11
23,503
7
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. …………………………
27,564
12
22,684
8
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. …………………………………………
31,687
10
18,278
9
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. …………………………………
33,502
9
17,172
10
Pittsburgh, Pa. ………………………………………………………………………
23,414
15
16,034
11
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas ……………………………………………
19,247
20
13,890
12
Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev. …………………………………………………………
37,426
8
13,684
13
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. ……………………………………………………………………
26,861
14
13,662
14
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. …………………………………………………
27,407
13
13,093
15
Fresno, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
13,179
28
11,953
16
Stockton, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
13,372
26
11,814
17
Modesto, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
12,379
34
11,434
18
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. ……………………………………………………
88,678
3
9,794
19
Bakersfield-Delano, Calif. …………………………………………………………
12,412
33
9,596
20
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. …………………………………………
20,898
16
9,532
21
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wis. …………………………………………
17,354
22
9,172
22
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio ……………………………………………………
20,276
18
9,010
23
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash. ………………………………………
20,412
17
8,495
24
Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. ……………………………………………………
12,678
32
8,356
25
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, Calif. …………………………………………
11,213
38
8,118
26
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. …………………………………………
14,010
25
7,917
27
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. ………………………………………………………
9,725
42
7,526
28
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. ………………………………………………
16,756
23
7,505
29
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas ………………………………………………
12,932
30
7,187
30
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. …………………………………
18,169
21
7,029
31
Baltimore-Towson, Md. ……………………………………………………………
6,331
59
6,969
32
Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. ……………………………………………
13,097
29
6,776
33
Jacksonville, Fla. ……………………………………………………………………
11,503
35
6,577
34
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. ………………………………
5,179
75
6,461
35
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. ……………………………………………
13,191
27
6,128
36
Vallejo-Fairfield, Calif. ………………………………………………………………
7,640
52
5,931
37
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C. …………………………………………
10,263
41
5,860
38
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ………………………………………………………
8,604
47
5,848
39
Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J. ……………………………………………………
5,989
63
5,772
40
Rochester, N.Y. ……………………………………………………………………
8,671
46
5,664
41
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. ………………………
5,050
76
5,483
42
Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. ……………………………………………………………
9,664
43
5,337
43
Visalia-Porterville, Calif. ……………………………………………………………
5,184
74
4,899
44
Indianapolis-Carmel, Ind. …………………………………………………………
7,532
53
4,758
45
Columbus, Ohio ……………………………………………………………………
9,283
44
4,704
46
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. …………………………………………
6,781
57
4,617
47
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, Tenn. …………………………
5,191
72
4,560
48
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, R.I.-Mass. ………………………………………
3,767
95
4,466
49
Merced, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………
4,027
91
4,420
50
1
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claims in 2010.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 10-22, December 01, 2009.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
27
Table 27. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010
1
Percent of events
Nature of recall
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
41.4
34.2
49.5
82.4
47.2
84.2
47.7
87.1
50.1
88.7
53.5
86.5
49.0
77.2
45.0
72.0
44.2
70.2
42.5
87.5
43.7
90.1
47.1
90.6
47.9
92.2
49.4
90.2
49.8
79.6
38.9
73.0
33.9
72.6
35.5
94.2
95.1
94.8
93.6
94.7
95.3
94.1
93.1
87.5
44.5
87.8
43.0
91.5
45.6
91.0
48.2
91.6
46.6
88.8
43.5
88.3
48.8
86.6
48.8
95.2
54.1
96.4
54.7
96.7
55.0
96.8
57.0
96.0
59.1
92.3
51.8
90.8
49.7
91.1
49.2
Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………
23.4
26.6
31.6
29.4
25.1
24.4
20.5
27.7
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months …………………………………………………
74.4
51.4
77.0
56.9
78.5
58.7
84.7
62.7
76.1
53.8
62.9
46.8
54.7
39.4
42.6
31.9
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
75.5
27.3
77.7
31.9
78.9
34.3
84.3
36.2
78.3
31.0
63.9
22.9
54.2
17.2
41.7
12.6
All layoff events
Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months …………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
Layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period
Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months …………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
All layoff events, excluding those due to seasonal work
and vacation period
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
28
Table 28. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010
Percent of layoff events
Measure
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
41.4
34.2
49.5
Mining …………………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………………
Manufacturing ………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………
Information ……………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………
68.6
27.3
71.9
38.7
26.6
25.7
54.8
9.8
3.4
77.5
46.2
76.7
43.8
36.2
27.6
68.7
12.4
5.1
90.9
53.8
80.2
48.2
44.1
31.3
65.3
17.5
8.2
75.0
72.7
58.9
45.6
36.9
29.1
72.3
26.5
5.0
76.9
55.6
53.8
43.1
31.6
29.9
76.0
23.7
.5
67.3
36.4
56.4
36.9
20.5
19.3
51.9
9.8
.2
43.9
52.4
56.4
28.1
14.7
11.7
46.7
4.1
1.3
59.3
41.2
71.2
38.9
32.9
21.3
59.7
19.1
2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………
Educational services …………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ...................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………
Unclassified establishments ………………………………
13.6
32.7
35.0
31.3
48.1
60.9
68.6
64.8
66.7
57.1
23.1
42.4
23.8
34.7
68.8
69.7
83.3
69.4
64.8
50.0
31.6
46.8
42.9
42.6
50.0
69.1
77.8
65.8
71.3
–
29.4
52.9
33.3
41.1
60.9
79.7
81.5
73.8
81.5
–
10.7
40.4
42.9
56.2
55.6
77.7
84.2
74.3
69.9
25.0
15.7
31.5
33.3
41.3
51.2
66.5
71.9
53.9
57.8
–
16.8
22.8
22.2
32.0
39.0
62.6
64.6
44.9
43.2
–
25.0
38.6
40.0
45.6
60.9
62.8
73.2
55.7
64.8
–
Business demand ............................................................
Contract cancellation ....................................................
Contract completion .....................................................
Domestic competition ...................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ..............................
Import competition ........................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ................................................
40.9
13.6
41.6
44.3
9.0
38.6
48.9
15.5
42.8
43.5
14.1
36.6
2
( )
2
( )
5.4
(2)
(2)
7.8
(2)
(2)
5.4
(2)
(2)
9.4
39.1
21.9
36.3
26.7
34.2
2.7
40.7
17.7
51.1
28.6
37.5
5.6
33.4
17.2
50.2
33.3
42.9
4.5
48.7
11.5
62.2
12.5
38.5
–
47.8
62.0
64.8
63.0
47.6
38.6
29.1
41.0
Organizational changes ..................................................
Business-ownership change ........................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ................
6.5
5.8
6.6
5.7
4.7
6.0
4.5
1.9
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.1
6.0
3.0
7.1
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.8
3.5
3.9
6.3
12.5
4.3
Financial issues ...............................................................
Bankruptcy ...................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ..............
Financial difficulty .........................................................
5.1
2.3
1.9
–
4.0
2.2
5.0
1.8
(2)
6.7
(2)
2.7
(2)
5.2
(2)
6.1
4.4
–
4.0
6.1
3.8
1.5
4.3
4.4
6.6
3.4
8.5
4.6
5.9
1.7
5.8
7.5
48.1
–
–
45.1
–
–
40.2
33.3
–
44.7
12.5
100.0
2
2
44.9
50.0
20.0
19.0
47.4
66.7
66.7
87.5
9.1
38.7
20.0
–
26.7
14.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
–
42.6
33.3
100.0
5.6
42.9
100.0
75.0
100.0
25.0
1
Total, private nonfarm ………………………………
Industry
Reason for layoff
Production specific ..........................................................
Automation/technological advances .............................
Energy related ..............................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ........................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ....................
Material or supply shortage ..........................................
Model changeover ........................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..........................
Product line discontinued .............................................
( )
57.9
80.0
66.7
95.8
2.9
( )
45.2
80.0
77.8
94.7
8.6
( )
55.6
50.0
71.4
90.0
15.0
( )
72.2
70.0
66.7
83.3
11.1
53.6
12.5
–
7.1
55.6
100.0
66.7
82.4
28.6
Disaster/safety ................................................................
Hazardous work environment ......................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..........................
Nonnatural disaster ......................................................
Extreme weather-related event ....................................
83.6
60.0
33.3
–
95.8
95.7
50.0
100.0
100.0
96.8
42.9
100.0
50.0
100.0
42.5
80.6
25.0
60.0
60.0
89.6
84.4
–
66.7
80.0
95.5
37.9
–
100.0
25.0
37.3
68.4
66.7
–
66.7
70.0
75.0
100.0
100.0
60.0
81.8
Seasonal .........................................................................
Seasonal ......................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ...............
94.2
93.9
98.1
95.1
95.0
97.3
94.8
94.5
100.0
93.6
93.3
98.2
94.7
93.5
99.3
95.3
94.3
99.2
94.1
92.9
98.0
93.1
91.5
99.4
Other/miscellaneous .......................................................
Other ............................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...........................................
Data not provided: Does not know ...............................
2.3
11.8
–
–
5.3
16.8
–
–
5.0
17.0
–
–
4.8
19.1
–
.9
3.3
46.3
–
.5
2.5
39.3
–
.1
1.4
27.0
–
–
1.4
27.3
–
.1
Domestic relocation .........................................................
2.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.6
3
3
3
3
3
3
(3)
Overseas relocation ........................................................
( )
2
( )
2
( )
( )
( )
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
3
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the technical note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
29
( )
Table 29. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations after which the employer does not expect a recall, by
industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010
Measure
Events
1
Total, private nonfarm ………………………………………………………
Separations
1,896
343,522
Mining …………………………………………………………………………………
Utilities ………………………………………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ………………………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………………………………
Information ……………………………………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………………………………
15
7
175
534
62
208
95
77
141
2,065
1,412
29,057
84,126
7,381
45,040
14,841
12,244
24,835
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………………………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………………………………
Educational services …………………………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………………………
Accommodation and food services ………………………………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………………………………
Unclassified establishments ………………………………………………………
32
77
14
189
18
93
20
113
26
–
6,908
12,703
3,206
55,503
3,169
13,487
3,323
20,963
3,259
–
Business demand ............................................................................................
Contract cancellation ....................................................................................
Contract completion .....................................................................................
Domestic competition ...................................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ..............................................................
Import competition ........................................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ................................................................................
904
112
229
7
7
7
167,162
18,549
61,668
2,151
582
1,199
542
83,013
Organizational changes ..................................................................................
Business-ownership change ........................................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ................................................
354
74
280
66,000
22,284
43,716
Financial issues ...............................................................................................
Bankruptcy ...................................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ..............................................
Financial difficulty .........................................................................................
454
58
257
139
79,758
14,713
35,803
29,242
Production specific ..........................................................................................
Automation/technological advances .............................................................
Energy related ..............................................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ........................................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ....................................................
Material or supply shortage ..........................................................................
Model changeover ........................................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..........................................................
Product line discontinued .............................................................................
23
5
–
12
(2)
–
2
( )
–
3
3,755
760
–
2,334
(2)
–
2
( )
–
325
Disaster/safety ................................................................................................
Hazardous work environment ......................................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..........................................................
Nonnatural disaster ......................................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ....................................................................
4
–
–
2
( )
(2)
417
–
–
2
( )
(2)
Seasonal .........................................................................................................
Seasonal ......................................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ...............................................
104
19,282
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Other/miscellaneous .......................................................................................
Other ............................................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...........................................................................
Data not provided: Does not know ...............................................................
53
31
–
22
7,148
4,335
–
2,813
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
30
Table 30. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006-2010
Layoff events
Separations
Reason for layoff1
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total, all reasons ....................................................
621
594
899
1,099
Business demand .....................................................
123
139
236
Contract cancellation .............................................
Contract completion ...............................................
Domestic competition ............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ........................
Import competition .................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..........................................
28
28
( )
(2)
36
24
13
4
9
49
26
16
4
8
34
31
40
Organizational changes ............................................
274
Business-ownership change ..................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..........
70
204
Financial issues ........................................................
Bankruptcy .............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........
Financial difficulty ..................................................
Production specific ....................................................
Automation/technological advances ......................
Energy related .......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............
Material or supply shortage ...................................
Model changeover .................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ....................
Product line discontinued .......................................
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
602
153,718
125,836
215,647
237,333
119,233
405
186
22,977
23,426
51,480
73,808
33,412
40
41
5
10
12
30
24
4
4,227
4,667
( )
(2)
6,151
8,453
4,259
1,080
2,064
6,046
5,918
7,412
595
1,069
2,237
6,125
4,731
1,384
(3)
3
( )
4,488
2,792
568
1,373
7,903
148
297
123
7,932
6,302
29,578
56,577
20,484
172
223
193
123
78,219
30,647
50,435
41,430
25,179
57
115
50
173
45
148
35
88
23,548
54,671
11,341
19,306
16,379
34,056
12,902
28,528
10,217
14,962
143
241
373
431
242
34,122
63,340
97,787
109,509
52,737
41
2
113
103
157
134
131
166
53
92
97
13,207
( )
102
51
81
109
( )
20,915
15,103
18,087
30,150
31,779
18,010
47,998
42,348
24,382
42,779
12,305
16,089
24,343
15
3
( )
26
16
13
4,943
(3)
7,145
3,651
2,480
(3)
562
510
4,254
(3)
291
–
–
–
–
–
2,014
–
–
2
3
( )
–
(2)
(3)
–
–
–
11
Disaster/safety ..........................................................
5
3
( )
3
( )
(3)
5
–
–
–
–
3
3
12
–
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
–
–
–
8
3
3
3
( )
(3)
3
–
( )
3
Hazardous work environment ................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................
Nonnatural disaster ................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..............................
(3)
(3)
–
( )
–
–
–
(3)
–
(3)
(3)
Seasonal ...................................................................
8
–
( )
–
–
9
–
–
(3)
–
(3)
3
( )
3
( )
–
–
–
–
2
2
3
( )
–
(2)
(3)
–
–
–
4,342
1,743
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
–
3
( )
(3)
(3)
513
3
3
3
(3)
1,575
–
–
–
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
3
3
( )
( )
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
3
3
( )
–
(3)
–
7,768
4,378
5,471
204
2,093
2,068
–
2,310
( )
–
( )
–
513
–
–
–
( )
–
Other/miscellaneous .................................................
53
30
34
49
33
11,201
4,796
6,109
Other ......................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ....................................
Data not provided: Does not know .........................
38
4
11
11
4
15
16
6
12
32
2
15
15
–
18
8,458
582
2,161
1,634
661
2,501
2,924
1,225
1,960
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. For additional information see the technical note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
31
–
–
( )
–
–
3
(3)
(3)
( )
–
3
( )
3
( )
(3)
–
–
–
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
(3)
3
–
–
8
–
2
(3)
–
( )
–
Seasonal ................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .........
1
(3)
(3)
–
–
–
1,386
(3)
3
( )
Table 31. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private nonfarm sector, 2006-2010
Layoffs
Separations
Industry
1
Total, private nonfarm ...................................
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
621
594
899
1,099
602
2
2
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
( )
–
18
314
21
81
23
30
34
6
–
6
289
26
63
16
12
86
( )
( )
30
382
41
145
50
20
69
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
3
17
3
24
4
11
4
20
7
18
7
37
(2)
16
3
20
11
(2)
24
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
–
2
19
–
33
480
51
214
59
29
49
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
153,718
125,836
215,647
237,333
119,233
4,154
–
4,859
91,476
7,881
66,679
12,125
4,838
11,303
936
2
2
( )
24
198
28
84
31
15
28
( )
–
1,377
67,228
4,265
40,784
7,852
6,537
5,510
1,184
–
2,083
56,264
4,103
19,771
3,209
1,623
16,164
( )
4,783
83,487
6,591
51,381
15,844
3,059
11,367
7
2
( )
2
26
15
5
42
296
2,970
367
5,226
532
1,831
811
3,913
981
3,729
1,415
9,073
(2)
29
6
48
10
(2)
3,109
320
6,150
1,387
(2)
8,351
(2)
13
9
(2)
28
8
44
6
11
28
7
43
5
25
7
29
10
1
–
–
–
–
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
32
2
( )
4,497
37,711
3,653
19,879
5,384
2,398
8,722
6,043
2,634
1,241
8,120
(2)
3,296
1,814
(2)
9,337
2,100
10,789
660
2,645
5,211
1,098
9,383
527
4,412
1,529
7,292
1,921
538
–
–
–
(2)
6,099
1,231
8,882
1,356
Table 32. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest ranking three-digit
NAICS industries in 2010
Industry
Permanent closures
NAICS
code
2009
Events
2
Separations
2010
Rank
1
Events
Separations
Rank1
Total, private nonfarm ......................................
…
1,099
237,333
…
602
119,233
…
Total, 50 highest ranking industries .............................
…
983
213,088
…
550
113,293
…
Transportation equipment manufacturing………………
Administrative and support services……………………
Food and beverage stores………………………………
Food services and drinking places………………………
Credit intermediation and related activities……………
General merchandise stores……………………………
Rental and leasing services………………………………
Food manufacturing………………………………………
Hospitals……………………………………………………
Computer and electronic product manufacturing………
336
561
445
722
522
452
532
311
622
334
82
42
26
16
37
48
5
32
7
40
20,452
9,290
4,509
4,681
9,132
16,742
570
8,015
2,542
6,103
2
4
16
14
5
3
61
6
32
8
26
42
23
39
17
19
19
20
9
21
8,640
8,120
7,273
6,956
5,649
5,633
5,146
3,874
3,793
3,373
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Insurance carriers and related activities…………………
Professional and technical services……………………
Paper manufacturing………………………………………
Printing and related support activities……………………
Machinery manufacturing…………………………………
Construction of buildings…………………………………
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing……………
Specialty trade contractors………………………………
Accommodation……………………………………………
Furniture and related product manufacturing……………
524
541
322
323
333
236
326
238
721
337
9
28
21
22
30
11
30
15
13
28
1,862
5,211
2,431
3,673
6,362
1,930
4,635
1,695
2,611
4,361
40
11
33
22
7
39
15
41
29
17
9
15
14
12
11
8
16
12
9
5
2,824
2,634
2,594
2,171
2,102
2,081
2,038
2,015
1,926
1,915
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods………………
Nursing and residential care facilities……………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing……………………………
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods…………………
Nonstore retailers…………………………………………
Fabricated metal product manufacturing………………
Chemical manufacturing…………………………………
Transit and ground passenger transportation…………
Apparel manufacturing……………………………………
Clothing and clothing accessories stores………………
424
623
339
423
454
332
325
485
315
448
15
5
12
31
8
31
18
9
23
30
2,417
504
2,182
5,072
1,243
4,844
2,590
1,452
4,032
5,921
34
65
36
12
48
13
30
44
20
9
11
14
8
15
1,886
1,705
1,672
1,575
(3)
12
10
4
10
11
(3)
1,539
1,533
1,464
1,441
1,377
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Management of companies and enterprises……………
Electrical equipment and appliance mfg.………………
Truck transportation………………………………………
Amusements, gambling, and recreation…………………
Electronics and appliance stores…………………………
Personal and laundry services……………………………
Air transportation…………………………………………
Real estate…………………………………………………
Publishing industries, except Internet……………………
Support activities for transportation………………………
551
335
484
713
443
812
481
531
511
488
7
17
19
4
33
5
6
6
16
6
1,098
4,106
3,456
639
23,489
538
1,124
2,075
2,548
842
53
19
24
60
1
63
52
38
31
55
5
7
9
4
5
7
4
7
6
6
1,241
1,085
1,034
1,019
976
974
927
897
886
885
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Mining, except oil and gas………………………………
Primary metal manufacturing……………………………
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing……………
Miscellaneous store retailers……………………………
Telecommunications………………………………………
Textile mills…………………………………………………
Wood product manufacturing……………………………
Textile product mills………………………………………
Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores………
Warehousing and storage…………………………………
212
331
327
453
517
313
321
314
451
493
12
20
12
8
9
14
33
7
13
12
2,732
4,181
1,467
1,157
1,674
2,632
5,709
1,344
2,924
2,289
27
18
43
51
42
28
10
46
25
35
6
6
6
5
5
797
780
744
695
5
4
3
5
( )
599
598
590
564
1
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2010.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
33
3
( )
812
3
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Table 33. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations by state, private nonfarm
sector, 2009–2010
State
1
Total, private nonfarm ……………………………………
Layoffs
2009
2010
Separations
Change
2009
2010
Change
1,099
602
-497
237,333
119,233
-118,100
Alabama …………………………………………………………
Alaska …………………………………………………………
Arizona …………………………………………………………
Arkansas ………………………………………………………
California ………………………………………………………
Colorado ………………………………………………………
Connecticut ……………………………………………………
Delaware ………………………………………………………
District of Columbia ……………………………………………
Florida …………………………………………………………
Georgia …………………………………………………………
Hawaii …………………………………………………………
Idaho ……………………………………………………………
21
(2)
11
8
183
11
12
4
(2)
115
57
3
3
10
(2)
4
4
145
11
10
(2)
–
34
39
(2)
(2)
-11
(2)
-7
-4
-38
0
-2
2
( )
(2)
-81
-18
(2)
(2)
4,676
(2)
2,441
1,938
46,616
2,359
2,664
1,329
(2)
19,830
11,082
319
648
1,597
(2)
375
383
32,992
2,324
4,613
2
( )
–
5,965
4,782
(2)
(2)
-3,079
(2)
-2,066
-1,555
-13,624
-35
1,949
2
( )
(2)
-13,865
-6,300
(2)
(2)
Illinois ……………………………………………………………
Indiana …………………………………………………………
Iowa ...................................................................................
Kansas …………………………………………………………
Kentucky ………………………………………………………
Louisiana ………………………………………………………
Maine ……………………………………………………………
Maryland ………………………………………………………
Massachusetts …………………………………………………
Michigan ………………………………………………………
Minnesota ………………………………………………………
Mississippi ………………………………………………………
Missouri …………………………………………………………
75
40
12
5
25
7
5
6
17
20
6
13
34
32
7
5
5
11
6
4
(2)
13
(2)
5
10
16
-43
-33
-7
0
-14
-1
-1
(2)
-4
(2)
-1
-3
-18
13,295
9,681
1,508
628
4,085
1,906
697
937
2,907
3,216
1,055
2,807
5,169
5,913
1,219
2,332
1,410
1,650
900
446
(2)
2,110
(2)
861
2,579
2,612
-7,382
-8,462
824
782
-2,435
-1,006
-251
(2)
-797
(2)
-194
-228
-2,557
Montana …………………………………………………………
Nebraska ………………………………………………………
Nevada ..............................................................................
New Hampshire .................................................................
New Jersey ........................................................................
New Mexico .......................................................................
New York ………………………………………………………
North Carolina …………………………………………………
North Dakota ……………………………………………………
Ohio ……………………………………………………………
Oklahoma ………………………………………………………
Oregon …………………………………………………………
Pennsylvania ……………………………………………………
4
4
10
4
36
7
47
45
–
54
9
8
28
(2)
(2)
4
(2)
26
3
36
17
(2)
23
3
9
20
(2)
2
( )
-6
2
( )
-10
-4
-11
-28
(2)
-31
-6
1
-8
333
1,266
2,351
979
7,978
1,181
10,503
6,352
–
11,203
2,266
1,156
12,887
(2)
2
( )
870
2
( )
4,913
1,061
6,547
1,888
(2)
3,997
875
1,501
3,317
(2)
2
( )
-1,481
2
( )
-3,065
-120
-3,956
-4,464
(2)
-7,206
-1,391
345
-9,570
Rhode Island ……………………………………………………
South Carolina …………………………………………………
South Dakota …………………………………………………
Tennessee ………………………………………………………
Texas ……………………………………………………………
Utah ……………………………………………………………
Vermont …………………………………………………………
Virginia …………………………………………………………
Washington ……………………………………………………
West Virginia ……………………………………………………
Wisconsin ………………………………………………………
Wyoming ………………………………………………………
5
9
(2)
24
28
7
(2)
17
19
9
25
–
–
4
–
15
18
(2)
–
18
5
(2)
12
(2)
-5
-5
2
( )
-9
-10
2
( )
(2)
1
-14
2
( )
-13
(2)
471
930
2
( )
3,528
10,677
1,900
(2)
3,535
4,657
2,328
7,873
–
–
764
–
2,582
4,580
2
( )
–
2,975
983
(2)
2,554
(2)
-471
-166
2
( )
-946
-6,097
2
( )
(2)
-560
-3,674
(2)
-5,319
(2)
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
34
Table 34. Permanent worksite closures: the 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass
layoff events in 2010, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector
2009
Metropolitan Area
Initial claims
2
2010
Rank1
Initial claims
Rank1
Total, 372 metropolitan areas ………………………………………
158,033
…
99,285
…
Total, 25 highest ranking metropolitan areas …………………………
87,313
…
62,777
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif.………………………………
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa.……………
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif.…………………………………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif.…………………………………
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis.……………………………………
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif.…………………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif.…………………………………
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga.……………………………………
12,313
8,799
5,466
6,427
5,939
2,738
2,190
6,105
1
2
6
3
5
9
16
4
9,249
7,162
6,390
5,067
4,344
3,323
2,706
2,566
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif.…………………………………
Stockton, Calif.………………………………………………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas………………………………………
Modesto, Calif.………………………………………………………………
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas……………………………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla.……………………………
Sioux City, Iowa-Neb.-S.D.…………………………………………………
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md.…………………
2,433
976
1,500
1,153
1,515
4,623
15
1,737
13
33
21
29
20
7
318
18
2,566
2,378
2,349
1,493
1,448
1,429
1,414
1,343
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla.…………………………………
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill.……………………………………………………………
Fresno, Calif.…………………………………………………………………
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash.………………………………
Bakersfield-Delano, Calif.…………………………………………………
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Conn.……………………………
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, Conn.……………………………………
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C.………………………
Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, Colo.………………………….………………
3,726
2,210
1,310
338
633
440
344
637
961
8
15
27
99
55
76
94
54
34
1,016
991
990
897
834
723
715
712
672
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claims in 2010.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 10-22, December 01, 2009.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
35
Table 35. Selected business functions involved in nonseasonal extended mass layoff events, 2009–2010
(Number of reports)
Selected business functions by business process 1
Total
2009
Main
2010
2009
Secondary
2010
2009
2010
Total2 ……………………………………………..……………………………
18,861
8,088
6,632
3,436
12,229
4,652
Producing goods/providing services
Construction activities ……………………………………………………
Producing goods …………………………………………………………
Providing services …………………………………………………………
1,513
2,345
347
1,103
762
305
1,426
2,173
193
1,042
694
187
87
172
154
61
68
118
414
435
397
93
589
129
187
182
31
324
93
76
33
10
119
70
383
111
304
17
556
119
68
112
(3)
73
24
56
39
24
6
200
34
93
41
8
57
79
27
93
4
32
19
24
(3)
27
109
42
117
32
128
114
95
15
164
52
29
62
5
14
48
10
55
24
Accounting services ………………………………………………………
Contracted services ………………………………………………………
Engineering services ………………………………………………………
Entertainment services ……………………………………………………
Facility maintenance services ……………………………………………
Financial management ……………………………………………………
Financial services …………………………………………………………
Food and cafeteria services ………………………………………………
Gaming services …………………………………………………………
Health care services ………………………………………………………
Housekeeping services …………………………………………………
Lodging services …………………………………………………………
Maintaining and repairing products ……………………………………
Security services …………………………………………………………
(3)
100
133
98
156
56
134
314
129
108
205
60
86
141
32
107
52
42
74
48
Assembling products ………………………………………………………
Fabricating …………………………………………………………………
Quality assurance/quality control ………………………………………
Supervision—first line or direct …………………………………………
554
544
490
852
157
143
178
345
236
408
3
3
39
91
1
–
318
136
487
849
118
52
177
345
Procurement, logistics, distribution
Buying ………………………………………………………………………
Distribution …………………………………………………………………
Packing ……………………………………………………………………
Receiving …………………………………………………………………
Shipping ……………………………………………………………………
Transporting ………………………………………………………………
Warehousing ………………………………………………………………
163
290
228
342
590
374
466
39
136
101
107
181
163
186
4
60
18
1
56
120
73
3
25
9
1
17
64
40
159
230
210
341
534
254
393
36
111
92
106
164
99
146
General management and firm infrastructure
Administrative and clerical support ………………………………………
General management ……………………………………………………
2,099
1,050
590
418
103
52
72
27
1,996
998
518
391
Human resource management
Human resources, including recruiting …………………………………
Payroll and compensation ………………………………………………
Training ……………………………………………………………………
619
190
44
256
97
39
5
3
7
10
7
10
614
187
37
246
90
29
Marketing, sales, customer accounts
Advertising …………………………………………………………………
Billing ………………………………………………………………………
Marketing …………………………………………………………………
Order processing …………………………………………………………
Selling ………………………………………………………………………
Telemarketing ……………………………………………………………
71
123
214
221
622
28
34
47
70
97
230
30
21
–
12
10
371
17
5
1
8
4
147
16
50
123
202
211
251
11
29
46
62
93
83
14
Customer and after-sales service
Call center activities ………………………………………………………
Customer service …………………………………………………………
Installing products …………………………………………………………
Technical support …………………………………………………………
136
534
64
155
87
260
40
66
83
63
10
8
53
41
3
2
53
471
54
147
34
219
37
64
Technology and process development
Computer systems development ………………………………………
Computer systems maintenance ………………………………………
Data processing ……………………………………………………………
Internet web services ……………………………………………………
Software development and testing ………………………………………
Software and IT services …………………………………………………
43
62
65
17
53
224
26
32
35
12
27
74
11
3
4
5
19
25
14
4
6
1
9
13
32
59
61
12
34
199
12
28
29
11
18
61
Other business functions ……………………………………………………
160
83
54
53
106
30
Other
Events with nonstandard functions reported ……………………………
Refusal4 ………………………………………………………………………
Does not know5 ………………………………………………………………
797
31
135
214
2
28
543
31
135
137
2
28
254
–
–
77
–
–
1
Business functions reported in this table were the most frequently cited functions in 2007. Functions are grouped by business process without
regard to the industry of the establishment. Therefore, the process "operations" does not appear.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
Data collection for this business function began with first-quarter 2010 data.
4
Excludes events in which the employer refused to participate in any part of the employer interview.
5
Excludes events in which contact with the employer was not possible.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
36
Table 36. Business processes involved in extended mass layoff events, by reason for layoff, 2009–20101
Core processes
Support processes
Extended
mass layoff
events
Total
business
processes
7,247
8,624
55
617
5,519
239
314
498
1,004
266
112
2,515
3,398
16
194
2,335
99
88
176
335
107
48
148
252
1
16
133
5
10
17
46
14
10
1,146
1,366
2
49
1,083
24
30
63
73
30
12
Domestic competition …………………………………
8
20
–
2
8
–
3
1
4
2
–
Excess inventory/saturated market …………………
13
27
–
7
12
1
3
1
2
1
–
Import competition ……………………………………
7
19
–
5
6
6
1
–
1
–
–
26
Reason
Strategic
management
Procurement,
logistics,
distribution
Operations
Marketing,
General
Customer and
Human
Technology
Product
sales,
management
after-sales
resource
and process
development
account
and firm
service
management development
management
infrastructure
2010
Total business process ……………………………………
Business demand …………………………………………
Contract cancellation …………………………………
Contract completion ……………………………………
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
1,193
1,714
13
115
1,093
63
41
94
209
60
Organizational changes …………………………………
business slowdown ………………………………
397
811
19
65
322
31
58
76
164
49
27
Business-ownership change …………………………
96
200
5
14
77
6
12
19
42
15
10
Reorganization or restructuring of company ………
301
611
14
51
245
25
46
57
122
34
17
Financial issues …………………………………………
511
1,073
17
108
441
35
82
84
208
69
29
Bankruptcy ……………………………………………
60
148
7
14
54
4
9
13
28
16
3
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ………
291
622
7
68
242
24
55
47
124
33
22
Financial difficulty ………………………………………
4
160
303
3
26
145
7
18
24
56
20
Production specific ………………………………………
54
97
1
9
48
5
3
4
17
9
1
Disaster/safety ……………………………………………
24
42
–
5
20
–
3
3
6
4
1
Seasonal …………………………………………………
2,417
3,078
1
234
2,278
68
76
142
253
23
3
Other/miscellaneous ……………………………………
1,329
125
1
2
75
1
4
13
21
5
3
11,824
14,820
(2)
1,148
8,918
398
629
533
2,122
619
453
5,403
7,979
(2)
5,154
192
251
197
1,097
316
250
250
433
(2)
522
29
231
10
13
16
83
22
29
1,210
1,435
( )
52
1,171
14
22
18
99
36
23
( )
2009
Total business process ……………………………………
Business demand …………………………………………
Contract cancellation …………………………………
Contract completion ……………………………………
2
2
Domestic competition …………………………………
12
25
Excess inventory/saturated market …………………
84
150
(2)
Import competition ……………………………………
22
60
( )
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
1
12
–
2
2
4
2
2
28
80
10
6
4
14
2
6
10
22
2
3
1
11
6
5
2
185
2
3,825
5,876
( )
402
3,638
156
205
156
886
248
Organizational changes …………………………………
573
1,241
(2)
481
37
90
79
274
99
60
Business-ownership change …………………………
113
251
(2)
121
5
16
17
57
25
12
business slowdown ………………………………
2
21
98
Reorganization or restructuring of company ………
460
990
( )
100
383
32
74
62
217
74
48
Financial issues …………………………………………
1,074
2,374
(2)
247
947
106
196
141
463
159
115
16
(2)
Bankruptcy ……………………………………………
178
478
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ………
615
1,253
(2)
Financial difficulty ………………………………………
281
643
Production specific ………………………………………
62
Disaster/safety ……………………………………………
56
158
8
50
44
97
49
128
534
74
104
55
241
54
63
( )
63
255
24
42
42
125
56
36
129
(2)
14
60
6
6
5
24
8
6
19
24
(2)
2
18
2
–
–
2
–
–
Seasonal …………………………………………………
2,211
2,782
(2)
225
2,108
45
75
92
213
19
5
Other/miscellaneous ……………………………………
2,482
291
(2)
17
150
10
11
19
49
18
17
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Identification of data by this business process began with first-quarter 2010 data.
2
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
37
Table 37. Number of business processes affected in nonseasonal extended mass layoffs, 2009–20101
Business Processes
Total
2009
Main
2010
2009
Secondary
2010
2009
2010
Total, private nonfarm
Core processes ………………………………………………………………
9,081
4,443
6,954
3,458
2,127
Strategic management ……………………………………………………
( )
54
( )
–
( )
54
Procurement, logistics, and distribution …………………………………
923
383
69
43
854
340
Operations …………………………………………………………………
2
2
2
985
6,810
3,241
6,657
3,152
153
89
Product development ……………………………………………………
353
171
32
15
321
156
Marketing, sales, and account management …………………………
554
238
127
68
427
170
Customer and after-sales service ………………………………………
441
356
69
180
372
176
Support processes …………………………………………………………
2,957
1,103
221
115
2,736
988
1,909
751
152
92
1,757
659
Human resources management …………………………………………
600
243
30
13
570
230
Technology and process development …………………………………
448
109
39
10
409
99
166
30
166
30
–
–
Core processes ………………………………………………………………
5,427
2,270
4,258
1,831
1,169
439
Strategic management ……………………………………………………
(2)
23
(2)
Procurement, logistics, and distribution ……………………………..…
591
214
20
15
Operations …………………………………………………………………
General management and firm infrastructure …………………………
3
Business function not provided ……………………………………………
Goods-producing industries
(2)
23
571
199
4,245
1,793
4,204
1,773
41
20
Product development ……………………………………………………
246
101
11
7
235
94
Marketing, sales, and account management …………………………
210
67
19
6
191
61
Customer and after-sales service ………………………………………
135
72
4
30
131
42
1,662
492
50
30
1,612
462
1,041
325
35
25
1,006
300
Human resources management …………………………………………
328
106
1
–
327
106
Technology and process development …………………………………
293
61
14
5
279
56
48
8
48
8
–
–
Core processes ………………………………………………………………
3,654
2,173
2,696
1,627
958
546
Strategic management ……………………………………………………
(2)
31
(2)
–
(2)
31
Procurement, logistics, and distribution …………………………………
332
169
49
28
283
141
Operations ………………………………………….………………………
69
Support processes …………………………………………………………
General management and firm infrastructure …………………………
3
Business function not provided ……………………………………………
Service-providing industries
2,565
1,448
2,453
1,379
112
Product development ……………………………………………………
107
70
21
8
86
62
Marketing, sales, and account management …………………………
344
171
108
62
236
109
Customer and after-sales service ………………………………………
306
284
65
150
241
134
Support processes …………………………………………………………
1,295
611
171
85
1,124
526
General management and firm infrastructure …………………………
868
426
117
67
751
359
Human resources management …………………………………………
272
137
29
13
243
124
Technology and process development …………………………………
155
48
25
5
130
43
118
22
118
22
–
–
3
Business function not provided ……………………………………………
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Identification of data by this business process began with first-quarter 2010 data.
3
The number of events for which respondents were unable or refused to provide a business function response. Layoff events where
employer contact could not be made or where employers refused to participate in the employer interview are not included.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program
38
Technical Note
T
Clothing manufacturing and distribution. Industries
involved in the production and distribution of clothing.
These industries include textile mills, apparel manufacturing,
footwear manufacturing, apparel and piece goods merchant
wholesalers, clothing stores, shoe stores, department stores,
and formal wear and costume rental.
he Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federalstate program that uses a standardized, automated
approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the
effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state’s
unemployment insurance (UI) database. Employers that have
at least 50 initial claims for unemployment insurance filed
against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted
by the state agency to determine whether these separations are
of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained
on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for
these separations. Employers are identified according to
industry classification and location; unemployment insurance
claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age,
race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The MLS
program yields information on an individual’s entire spell of
unemployment, to the point at which regular unemployment
insurance benefits are exhausted.
Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass
layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the
private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff
information for agriculture and government are no longer
collected. With the release of the extended mass layoff data
from the first quarter of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) introduced improvements to the presentation
of data on economic reasons for extended mass layoffs.
Thus, reason data beginning with the first quarter of 2007
are not strictly comparable to data from previous quarters.
This report uses the new metropolitan area definitions as
published in the Office of Management and Budget Bulletin
10-02 and the 2007 North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) definitions.
Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by
mail, telephone, or in person, for a waiting-period credit or
payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS
program collects continued claims for 1 week each month—
generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day of the
month and is referred to as the reference week because of its
use in the Current Population Survey (CPS) as the basis for
monthly unemployment.
Employer. A firm covered by state unemployment insurance
laws at which one predominant type of economic activity is
conducted.
Extended mass layoff event. A layoff defined by the filing
of 50 or more initial claims for unemployment insurance
benefits from an employer during a 5-week period, with
at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Such
layoffs involve both people subject to recall and those who
are terminated.
Final payment. The last payment received by a person
who has exhausted all of his or her regular unemployment
insurance benefits.
Food processing and distribution. Industries that are involved
in the production and distribution of food. These industries
include food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing,
grocery and related product wholesalers, farm product raw
material merchant wholesalers, alcoholic beverage merchant
wholesalers, farm supplies merchant wholesalers, food and
beverage stores, food (health) supplement stores, refrigerated
warehousing and storage, farm product warehousing and
storage, veterinary services, and food services and drinking
places.
Definitions
Business functions. Those specific activities that a firm
performs in order to produce products, provide service, or
otherwise achieve objectives.
Business processes. Broad-based categories, consisting of
business functions, which cover the full range of activities
a firm engages in to conduct business. Currently the MLS
program codes functions into nine business processes: strategic
management; procurement, logistics, and distribution;
operations; product development; marketing, sales, and
account management; customer and after-sales service;
general management and firm infrastructure; human resource
management; and technology and process development.
Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of
unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination
of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a
subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or
period of eligibility.
39
Layoff. The separation of people from an employer as part of
a mass layoff event. Such layoffs involve both people who
are subject to recall and those who are terminated.
lasted for more than 30 days. An analyst must also obtain
the total number of workers separated from jobs, the date
the layoff began, and the economic reason for layoff. If the
reason for layoff is other than seasonal work or vacation
period, the employer is asked the following:
Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment
insurance benefits filed against an employer during a 5-week
period, regardless of the duration of the layoff.
(1) “Did this layoff include your company moving
work from this location(s) to a different geographic
location(s) within your company?”
Movement-of-work action. Employer-confirmed relocation
of work within the same company or to other companies,
domestically or outside the United States. Because employers
may cite more than one location to which work is moving, a
layoff event may have more than one action associated with
it.
(2) “Did this layoff include your company moving work
that was performed in-house by your employees
to a different company, through contractual
arrangements?”
A “yes” response to either question is followed by two
questions: “Is the location inside or outside of the United
States?” and “How many of the layoffs were a result of this
relocation?”
Layoff actions are classified as “overseas relocation” if
the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2, and
indicates that the location(s) was outside of the United States.
Domestic relocation is determined if the employer responds
“yes” to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates that the location(s)
was within the United States.
After asking the movement-of-work questions, the
employer interview continues and responses are obtained for
questions on recall expectations and open/closed status of the
worksite.
Movement-of-work. The work activities performed at a
worksite by the company’s employees are reassigned in one
of the following ways: 1) to another worksite within the
company; 2) to another company under formal arrangements
at the same worksite; or 3) to another company under formal
arrangements at another worksite.
Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations
specifically associated with movement-of-work actions.
Relocation-of-work action. A movement-of-work action
in which the employer provides information on the new
location of work and/or the number of workers affected by
the movement. Layoff events may involve more than one
action per employer if work moved to more than one location.
Business functions and business processes
Business functions are the specific activities that a firm
performs in order to produce its products or provide its
services. During the MLS interview, employers are asked to
identify all the functions performed by the workers who were
laid off. Thus, the collection of business functions allows for
a broader assessment of the impact of the layoffs than the
industry classification alone.
Many different business functions have been reported by
employers. In order to better understand how these functions
are involved in the firm’s operations, a set of nine business
processes (strategic management; procurement, logistics,
and distribution; operations; product development; marketing, sales, and account management; customer and after-sales
service; general management and firm infrastructure; human
resources management; technology and process development) was identified to define the full range of activities a
firm engages in to conduct its business. All functions can be
assigned to a process, depending upon the industry of the establishment. The nine processes are grouped into core business processes and support business processes. Thus, it is
possible to report both the number of business functions and
business processes affected by extended mass layoffs over
time and cross tabulate the data using other information, such
as reason for layoff and industry. For a more complete description of the collection and definition of business functions
and processes in the MLS program, see the article “Business
Separations. The number of people who have become
displaced during an extended mass layoff event according
to the employer, regardless of whether they file for
unemployment insurance or not.
Worksite closure. The complete closure of an employer or the
partial closure of an employer with multiple locations where
entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed.
Movement-of-work concepts and questions
Because of the employer interview, BLS decided to use
the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional
information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with
job loss, by adding questions that address movement of
work. (Prior to 2004, “overseas relocation” and “domestic
relocation” were economic reasons for layoffs and were used
in extended mass layoff news releases. These reasons were
eliminated with the collection of movement-of-work data;
therefore, the current data are not comparable to the data
from this earlier period.)
Questions on movement of work and location are asked
for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation
is other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period.” Seasonal
and vacation layoff events are unlikely to result in work
relocation.
Before questions on movement of work are asked, an
analyst must verify that a layoff has in fact occurred, and has
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Processes and Business Functions: a new way of looking at
employment” from the December 2008 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review (https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2008/12/art3full.pdf).
information for all respondents, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made
in the collection or processing of the data. For 2010, outright
refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted for
4.4 percent of all private nonfarm events. Although included
in the total number of instances involving the movement of
work, employers in 117 relocations were unable to provide
the number of separations specifically associated with the
movement of work, 20 of which involved out-of-country
moves.
Reliability of the data
The identification of employers, layoff events, and
characteristics of claimants in the MLS program is based
on administrative data for employers and workers covered
by unemployment insurance. Therefore, these data are not
subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling
errors such as typographical errors may occur but are not
likely to be significant. Although the employers and layoff
events in the MLS program are not subject to sampling
error, and all such private nonfarm employers are asked the
same employer interview questions, the employer responses
are subject to nonsampling error. A nonsampling error can
occur for many reasons, including the inability to obtain
Additional information
Material in this report is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The
information in this report is available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339. Email address:
[email protected].
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