Occupational
Compensation Survey:
Pay Only
Richmond–Petersburg, VA,
Metropolitan Area,
August 1996
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Bulletin 3085-36
________________________________________________________________
Preface
This bulletin provides results of an August 1996 survey of occupational
pay in the Richmond–Petersburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area. This
survey was conducted as part of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Compensation Survey Program. Data from this program are
for use in implementing the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of
1990. The survey was conducted by the Bureau's regional office in
Philadelphia, under the direction of John W. Filemyr, Assistant Regional
Commissioner for Operations.
The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of
the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay
data included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for
their cooperation.
For additional information regarding this survey or similar surveys
conducted in this regional area, please contact the BLS Philadelphia
Regional Office at (215) 596-1154. You may also write to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics at: Office of Compensation Levels and Trends, 2
Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington, D.C. 20212-0001
or call the Occupational Compensation Survey Program information line
at (202) 606-6220.
Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and, with appropriate
credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be
made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice
phone: (202) 606-STAT; TDD phone: (202) 606-5897; TDD message
referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
For an account of a similar survey conducted in 1995, see
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, GPO bookstores, and the
Occupational Compensation Survey:
Petersburg, VA, BLS Bulletin 3080-31.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145,
Chicago, IL 60690-2145.
Pay
Only,
Richmond-
Occupational
Compensation Survey:
Pay Only
Richmond–Petersburg, VA,
Metropolitan Area,
August 1996
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Robert B. Reich, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Katharine G. Abraham,
Commissioner
January 1997
Bulletin 3085-36
Contents
Page
Page
Introduction ..............................................................................................................
2
Tables—Continued
Tables:
Establishments employing 500 workers or more:
All establishments:
A-1.
administrative occupations .........................................................
A-2.
3
Weekly hours and pay of technical and protective
service occupations ...................................................................
6
A-3.
Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations ..............................
7
A-4.
Hourly pay of maintenance and toolroom
occupations ................................................................................
A-5.
Weekly hours and pay of technical and protective
service occupations ...................................................................
13
A-8.
Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations ...............................
14
A-9.
Hourly pay of maintenance and toolroom
A-10.
Hourly pay of material movement and custodial
occupations ................................................................................
occupations ................................................................................
15
16
9
Hourly pay of material movement and custodial
occupations ................................................................................
10
Appendixes:
Establishments employing 500 workers or more:
A-6.
A-7.
Weekly hours and pay of professional and
Weekly hours and pay of professional and
administrative occupations .........................................................
11
A.
Scope and method of survey .........................................................
A-1
B.
Occupational descriptions ..............................................................
B-1
Introduction
households) employing 50 workers or more and to State and local governments and
(2) adding more professional, administrative, technical, and protective service
occupations to the surveys.
This survey of occupational pay in the Richmond–Petersburg, VA Metropolitan
Statistical Area (the cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and
Richmond, and the counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland,
Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George) was conducted as part
of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Compensation Survey
Program. The survey is one of a number conducted annually in metropolitan areas
throughout the United States. (See listing of reports for other surveys at the end of
this bulletin.)
A major objective of the Occupational Compensation Survey Program is to
describe the level and distribution of occupational pay in a variety of the Nation's
local labor markets, using a consistent survey approach. Another Program
objective is to provide information on the incidence of employee benefits among
and within local labor markets. However, no benefits data were collected for this
survey.
The Program develops information that is used for a variety of purposes,
including wage and salary administration, collective bargaining, and assistance in
determining business or plant location. Survey results also are used by the U.S.
Department of Labor in making wage determinations under the Service Contract
Act, and by the President's Pay Agent (the Secretary of Labor and Directors of the
U.S. Office of Personnel Management and the U.S. Office of Management and
Budget) in determining local pay adjustments under the Federal Employee Pay
Comparability Act of 1990. This latter requirement resulted in: (1) Expanding the
survey's industrial coverage to include all private nonfarm establishments (except
Pay
The A-series tables provide estimates of straight-time weekly or hourly pay by
occupation. Tables A-1 through A-5 provide data for selected white- and bluecollar occupations common to a variety of industries. Tables A-6 through A-10
include similar information, but are limited to establishments employing 500
workers or more.
Occupational pay information is presented for all industries covered by the
survey and, where possible, for private industry (e.g., for goods- and serviceproducing industries) and for State and local governments. Within private
industry, more detailed information is presented to the extent that the survey
establishment sample can support such detail.
Appendixes
Appendix A describes the concepts, methods, and coverage used in the
Occupational Compensation Survey Program. It also includes information on the
area's industrial composition and the reliability of occupational pay estimates.
Appendix B includes the descriptions used by Bureau field economists to classify
workers in the survey occupations.
2
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
950
950
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
and
over
PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS
Accountants
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
262
101
39.5
39.0
$539
529
$539
513
$482
423
–
–
$590
603
–
–
16
32
16
12
24
19
19
12
19
11
3
8
3
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
679
538
149
149
389
39.5
39.4
39.7
39.7
39.3
611
606
639
639
593
593
580
684
684
577
538
534
488
488
538
–
–
–
–
–
683
683
727
727
646
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
12
27
27
6
20
22
8
8
28
22
21
5
5
27
14
12
4
4
15
12
12
12
12
13
13
12
24
24
7
7
6
11
11
4
1
1
3
3
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
1
1
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
631
506
294
125
39.7
39.6
39.6
39.9
809
828
812
731
788
827
810
736
696
708
708
658
–
–
–
–
916
946
895
805
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
–
2
4
4
6
2
6
3
2
20
14
14
17
15
10
10
6
13
16
14
18
22
15
12
16
24
7
9
11
2
6
8
10
1
6
8
6
–
12
15
5
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
2
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
250
169
100
100
69
39.7
39.6
39.6
39.6
39.6
1,036
1,086
1,088
1,088
1,084
992
1,058
1,062
1,062
–
920
940
927
927
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,157
1,233
1,204
1,204
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
–
9
9
12
12
6
9
5
8
8
–
16
15
12
12
20
14
16
14
14
19
13
8
6
6
12
13
15
20
20
9
12
18
11
11
28
6
8
9
9
7
2
4
6
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
Attorneys
Level III .....................................................
State and local government ..................
74
56
39.4
39.9
1,048
967
–
899
–
860
–
–
–
1,008
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18
23
22
29
8
11
11
11
11
11
8
7
4
2
4
2
8
–
5
5
–
–
1
–
Engineers
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
62
57
40.0
40.0
703
707
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
12
23
25
5
–
6
4
6
7
16
18
23
25
6
7
3
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
514
291
221
221
39.9
39.8
39.7
39.7
784
854
864
864
770
878
888
888
644
760
762
762
–
–
–
–
888
974
984
984
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
9
4
5
5
15
9
11
11
5
1
–
–
12
10
8
8
12
9
8
8
13
10
6
6
8
14
12
12
8
13
14
14
9
15
16
16
6
11
15
15
1
2
3
3
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
888
610
472
454
39.7
39.5
39.4
39.4
976
1,043
1,040
1,042
981
1,035
1,023
1,024
863
958
935
935
–
–
–
–
1,092
1,135
1,135
1,135
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
7
2
2
2
5
1
1
1
8
5
5
6
9
6
7
6
13
11
12
13
11
13
13
12
20
28
25
26
15
21
18
18
6
8
10
10
3
4
6
6
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
686
547
39.9
39.9
1,177
1,230
1,182
1,235
1,099
1,153
–
–
1,283
1,303
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
1
–
2
–
1
–
1
–
5
2
16
7
27
32
26
33
16
20
4
5
1
1
–
–
–
–
Level V ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
482
467
39.8
39.8
1,384
1,390
1,387
1,388
1,305
1,317
–
–
1,447
1,449
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
9
8
13
13
34
35
28
28
7
7
3
3
4
4
Level VI .....................................................
90
39.7
1,612
1,570
1,505
–
1,777
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
4
13
3
2
32
7
See footnotes at end of table.
3
4
37
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
950
950
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
and
over
ADMINISTRATIVE OCCUPATIONS
Buyers/Contracting Specialists
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
139
77
54
54
39.4
39.0
39.7
39.7
$700
746
742
742
$688
–
–
–
$635
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$742
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
28
27
24
24
17
18
24
24
18
21
22
22
8
8
11
11
1
–
–
–
6
10
–
–
9
16
19
19
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
90
64
40.0
40.0
925
994
989
–
787
–
–
–
1,046
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
–
6
–
11
9
7
3
11
5
1
–
6
8
11
16
36
48
6
8
1
2
1
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer Programmers
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
365
309
282
39.6
39.6
39.6
609
613
600
606
608
606
577
577
577
–
–
–
642
642
642
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
16
17
7
4
4
16
17
18
36
39
41
14
15
14
5
3
2
5
6
2
1
1
1
( 3)
( 3)
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
644
482
74
68
408
39.7
39.5
39.9
39.9
39.5
740
753
797
793
745
733
742
–
–
738
673
690
–
–
684
–
–
–
–
–
790
797
–
–
788
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
–
10
4
–
–
5
22
26
11
12
29
20
22
19
21
23
20
24
28
31
23
13
14
15
12
13
4
4
9
6
3
3
4
18
19
2
2
1
–
–
1
1
1
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer Systems Analysts
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
163
162
80
39.4
39.4
39.8
844
845
782
859
860
818
804
808
671
–
–
–
917
917
862
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
1
4
4
7
7
6
13
2
2
5
2
2
4
9
9
13
18
18
19
26
27
30
15
15
6
10
10
–
6
6
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
983
804
144
144
660
39.6
39.6
39.8
39.8
39.5
911
923
964
964
915
908
918
904
904
922
824
850
881
881
830
–
–
–
–
–
991
1,000
1,098
1,098
995
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
3
–
–
4
6
4
–
–
5
10
10
–
–
12
10
8
8
8
8
15
14
20
20
13
22
23
32
32
22
10
11
5
5
13
16
18
17
17
18
7
8
17
17
6
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
3
( )
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
680
516
387
39.5
39.3
39.1
1,075
1,096
1,056
1,066
1,072
1,042
972
978
944
–
–
–
1,162
1,224
1,150
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
3
2
2
2
5
4
5
5
4
5
7
8
10
11
11
12
32
27
29
14
14
14
12
15
11
6
7
4
5
6
4
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
124
124
39.9
39.9
1,288
1,288
1,381
1,381
1,012
1,012
–
–
1,462
1,462
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
4
8
8
5
5
7
7
6
6
4
4
5
5
18
18
23
23
14
14
6
6
2
2
Computer Systems Analyst
Supervisors/Managers
Level I .......................................................
95
39.9
1,157
1,149
1,081
–
1,201
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
6
2
21
25
33
2
–
3
2
1
Level II ......................................................
64
38.8
1,379
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
8
16
33
19
13
9
–
See footnotes at end of table.
4
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
950
950
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
and
over
Personnel Specialists
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
267
118
83
39.7
39.4
39.2
$630
589
557
$625
592
536
$563
500
500
–
–
–
$713
644
620
( 3)
1
1
3
7
10
5
9
13
14
23
33
17
15
17
22
20
6
10
7
10
15
11
8
10
3
1
5
4
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
345
222
64
61
158
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.8
38.9
781
788
873
874
754
769
769
–
–
721
683
673
–
–
656
–
–
–
–
–
852
865
–
–
815
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
1
2
3
–
–
4
13
13
3
3
17
12
12
6
7
14
19
18
–
–
26
13
13
23
25
9
16
13
17
18
11
8
7
13
8
4
3
4
9
10
1
9
9
8
8
9
4
6
16
16
3
1
1
5
5
–
1
1
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
149
107
59
39.4
39.1
38.9
1,067
1,108
1,123
1,005
1,010
–
948
964
–
–
–
–
1,217
1,330
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
3
5
1
–
–
9
8
–
1
–
–
12
7
7
13
13
14
30
26
32
4
5
5
7
9
10
10
14
3
10
14
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
4
Workers were distributed as follows: 12 percent at $1,700 and under $1,800; 3 percent at $1,800 and under $1,900; 10
percent at $1,900 and under $2,000; 8 percent at $2,000 and under $2,100; 1 percent at $2,100 and under $2,200; and 2 percent
at $2,200 and under $2,300.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
5
Table A-2. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of technical and protective service occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
$576
667
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
325
and
under
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
525
525
550
550
575
575
600
600
625
625
650
650
675
675
700
700
725
725
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
and
over
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
4
–
5
2
7
7
7
7
10
5
7
2
17
7
5
7
3
6
3
5
3
5
1
2
3
7
–
–
2
5
14
30
–
–
TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
Computer Operators
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
174
81
39.9
39.9
$599
694
Drafters
Level III .....................................................
70
40.0
622
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
1
3
4
–
24
31
–
1
4
3
10
–
–
9
–
Engineering Technicians, Civil
Level II:
State and local government ..................
47
40.0
411
398
369
–
427
9
19
26
13
19
2
2
2
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
3
3
$499
586
–
–
$662
856
3
Level III .....................................................
State and local government ..................
201
186
40.0
40.0
488
485
471
451
431
422
–
–
539
539
–
–
( )
1
2
2
22
24
20
22
7
8
5
4
9
6
13
12
3
3
13
13
3
3
( )
1
( )
1
1
1
–
–
( )
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV:
State and local government ..................
295
40.0
606
615
515
–
678
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
10
9
5
7
8
13
6
7
11
2
1
4
–
–
Corrections Officers:
State and local government ......................
1,175
40.0
444
412
403
–
482
–
16
1
36
5
13
9
3
12
2
1
1
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
Firefighters:
State and local government ......................
851
52.9
738
730
645
–
805
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
1
10
5
8
5
8
Police Officers
Level I .......................................................
State and local government ..................
1,956
1,941
40.0
40.0
643
644
593
593
556
556
–
–
712
715
( 3)
–
( 3)
–
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
8
8
19
19
15
15
4
4
6
6
5
5
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..................
9
9
40.0
40.0
844
844
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PROTECTIVE SERVICE
OCCUPATIONS
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
–
( 3)
–
2
14
16
15
5
8
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
8
8
2
2
7
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
78
78
22
22
–
–
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
6
Table A-3. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Number
of
workers
Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)
Clerks, Accounting
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Service-producing industries ............
Transportation and utilities ...........
1,434
1,180
330
850
25
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
Occupation and level
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Under
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
525
525
550
550
575
575
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
$421
408
445
392
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
7
1
9
–
13
12
10
14
–
16
16
9
19
16
20
22
27
20
40
14
14
8
16
4
9
9
8
9
32
8
6
17
2
–
6
4
5
4
8
3
3
5
2
–
1
2
6
–
–
2
2
3
2
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
1
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
482
484
–
–
464
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
9
–
–
12
10
6
–
–
8
18
22
4
–
28
13
11
–
–
14
7
5
–
–
6
14
17
14
12
17
17
10
12
13
9
6
6
16
13
3
2
3
7
7
2
2
2
5
6
1
1
2
7
7
–
3
5
20
22
–
1
2
8
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
8
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
430
–
665
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
13
7
7
3
1
3
9
8
15
17
7
1
1
–
330
310
308
300
296
294
–
–
–
386
338
338
2
3
3
3
6
6
19
21
22
25
33
34
13
15
15
9
4
4
8
4
4
15
–
–
7
13
12
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
422
417
422
420
370
368
–
–
474
472
–
–
2
2
4
4
5
5
4
4
11
12
11
11
15
16
12
12
12
11
7
5
14
15
2
2
1
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
563
478
–
563
–
–
–
–
–
1
9
8
3
3
6
6
2
49
12
2
–
–
–
–
–
Mean
Median
Middle range
39.9
39.9
39.7
39.9
40.0
$382
380
403
372
388
$366
365
383
358
–
$337
337
356
328
–
–
–
–
–
–
737
326
76
67
250
39.6
39.1
39.2
39.1
39.0
444
451
562
577
417
431
430
–
–
410
390
391
–
–
388
Level IV:
Private industry .....................................
151
39.6
562
565
Clerks, General
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
1,263
512
500
40.0
40.0
40.0
341
326
323
Level III:
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
428
397
39.5
39.5
Level IV .....................................................
293
39.9
523
Key Entry Operators
Level I:
State and local government ..................
24
40.0
383
414
304
–
425
–
–
–
29
4
8
4
25
17
8
–
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
73
64
53
39.5
39.5
39.3
478
485
514
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
17
–
5
–
–
1
–
–
8
9
11
3
–
–
15
17
21
5
6
8
16
19
23
1
–
–
21
22
26
3
3
4
5
6
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Secretaries
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
208
149
148
59
39.2
39.4
39.4
38.6
388
381
381
407
385
385
385
395
347
346
346
376
–
–
–
–
413
404
404
466
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
2
2
8
8
9
9
3
14
15
16
10
5
7
7
2
31
33
33
27
22
25
24
14
3
4
4
–
10
5
5
22
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
7
2
–
–
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
1,192
702
674
39.3
39.0
39.1
476
481
479
482
481
475
426
424
424
–
–
–
512
534
528
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
1
1
3
2
1
6
5
5
13
18
18
8
8
8
16
16
17
18
10
10
15
14
14
3
3
3
12
20
20
2
2
1
2
3
1
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry:
Service-producing industries ............
Transportation and utilities ...........
State and local government ..................
973
39.5
570
551
494
–
623
–
–
–
–
( 3)
1
2
3
5
8
8
11
10
14
8
10
8
4
4
1
3
–
–
–
3
3
2
–
3
4
–
2
8
–
3
10
4
11
10
4
8
16
11
12
8
11
18
10
4
25
11
–
3
15
44
8
4
7
4
2
15
2
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
421
27
358
39.1
40.0
39.9
532
608
536
522
–
539
477
–
493
–
–
–
579
–
570
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
7
( )
–
–
( )
–
1
Table A-3. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996 — Continued
Occupation and level
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
Switchboard Operator-Receptionists:
Private industry:
Goods-producing industries ..................
Service-producing industries:
Transportation and utilities ...............
State and local government ......................
Word Processors
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
Number
of
workers
Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
$640
641
636
–
150
140
111
10
38.9
38.9
38.7
39.5
$641
646
630
571
160
39.7
358
39
42
40.0
39.2
398
349
203
193
193
39.2
39.2
39.2
445
442
442
435
424
424
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
$712
712
680
–
Under
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
525
525
550
550
575
575
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
2
–
1
1
2
–
1
–
–
10
2
2
3
–
2
2
3
–
4
3
3
20
3
3
4
10
4
4
5
10
6
6
6
10
31
31
38
30
13
14
14
10
25
27
19
–
5
5
2
–
1
1
2
–
–
–
–
–
$603
617
584
–
–
–
–
–
320
320
–
387
6
–
–
48
13
3
6
7
13
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
339
–
280
–
–
–
373
–
–
–
–
–
29
15
14
8
14
–
21
33
7
–
–
36
5
8
–
–
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
372
372
372
–
–
–
536
536
536
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
17
17
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
4
4
4
7
5
5
4
2
2
9
9
9
7
7
7
8
8
8
2
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
8
Table A-4. All establishments: Hourly pay of maintenance and toolroom occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
6.50
and
under
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
8.50
8.50
9.00
9.00
9.50
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
10.00 10.50 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00
General Maintenance Workers ..................
Private industry .........................................
Service-producing industries ................
State and local government ......................
822
660
633
162
$9.62
9.26
9.17
11.11
$9.50
9.00
9.00
10.69
$7.69
7.50
7.50
9.00
– $11.15
–
10.80
–
10.80
–
13.68
12
15
15
–
5
6
6
2
10
10
9
10
8
8
9
8
6
7
8
3
5
6
6
2
9
10
10
5
6
5
5
10
12
12
12
15
8
8
8
5
9
9
10
8
5
3
1
14
3
–
–
14
( 2)
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Maintenance Electricians ...........................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
State and local government ......................
859
817
737
737
42
20.05
20.34
20.39
20.39
14.47
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
14.03
18.68
18.93
18.93
18.93
12.29
–
–
–
–
–
21.64
21.64
20.62
20.62
16.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
19
3
2
3
3
19
4
3
3
3
10
4
3
3
3
19
5
5
4
4
5
6
6
7
7
7
1
1
–
–
10
8
8
9
9
–
1
( 2)
–
–
12
41
43
48
48
–
6
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
20
21
23
23
–
Maintenance Machinists ............................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
684
680
677
677
17.39
17.42
17.41
17.41
15.53
15.53
15.53
15.53
15.53
15.53
15.53
15.53
–
–
–
–
16.55
17.10
16.55
16.55
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
–
–
–
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
65
65
66
66
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
6
6
6
6
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
–
17
17
17
17
Maintenance Mechanics, Machinery .........
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
1,916
1,916
1,855
1,837
19.54
19.54
19.56
19.64
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
15.53
15.53
15.53
15.53
–
–
–
–
21.88
21.88
21.88
21.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
4
4
3
3
12
12
13
13
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
–
–
–
–
8
8
8
8
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
25
25
26
27
10
10
8
8
3
3
3
3
–
–
–
–
21
21
22
22
Maintenance Mechanics, Motor Vehicle ...
Private industry .........................................
Service-producing industries ................
Transportation and utilities ...............
State and local government ......................
434
309
104
86
125
13.73
13.86
14.67
14.74
13.41
13.51
13.51
14.38
14.50
13.19
12.50
12.83
12.40
12.50
11.45
–
–
–
–
–
14.74
14.48
16.00
15.60
15.01
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
2
1
1
–
–
2
2
1
4
5
3
3
–
–
–
9
12
12
8
9
13
14
12
20
12
19
35
44
7
8
14
11
13
24
29
8
12
9
12
14
21
2
2
6
7
3
3
3
7
–
4
1
( 2)
–
–
2
3
5
13
16
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
2
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
9
Table A-5. All establishments: Hourly pay of material movement and custodial occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
4.75
and
under
5.00
5.00
5.50
5.50
6.00
6.00
6.50
6.50
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
8.50
8.50
9.00
9.00
9.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
–
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
–
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
–
1
1
2
2
–
3
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13.43
–
–
–
–
–
10
1
34
6
5
1
3
1
2
9
5
7
6
9
–
–
–
–
7.50
6.33
8.12
25
39
–
8
10
4
13
11
16
13
16
8
9
5
16
7
4
11
9
4
20
3
1
5
3
3
4
4
4
5
2
1
3
2
1
5
1
1
3
( 2)
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.74
19.74
6.30
14
16
28
14
16
27
9
11
18
1
2
3
5
6
10
5
3
3
3
–
–
1
–
–
1
–
–
3
–
–
1
–
–
2
–
–
1
–
–
7
9
–
–
–
–
1
2
3
5
5
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
26
30
–
–
–
–
9.00
9.00
10.43
8.77
–
–
–
–
11.48
11.48
10.90
11.83
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
3
–
9
3
3
1
5
5
5
7
–
3
3
1
6
7
7
–
18
8
8
6
12
–
–
–
–
37
37
58
1
4
4
7
–
16
16
6
31
–
–
–
–
3
3
5
–
9
9
4
18
–
–
–
–
2
2
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.75
6.25
6.25
5.77
5.77
5.77
–
–
–
7.55
7.00
7.00
–
–
–
13
15
16
13
14
15
20
23
24
8
9
10
21
21
22
10
9
3
4
–
–
2
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
2
3
3
4
4
4
1
1
–
–
–
–
2
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.63
9.63
9.00
9.00
8.25
8.25
–
–
12.35
12.35
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
7
10
10
16
16
3
3
24
24
12
12
–
–
–
–
1
1
25
25
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
626
544
82
10.83
10.99
9.78
10.00
10.09
8.95
8.00
8.00
8.71
–
–
–
12.81
13.29
11.16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
–
1
10
11
–
31
34
11
6
( 2)
40
2
1
4
1
1
2
7
7
7
2
1
7
8
7
15
9
9
10
4
4
2
3
3
–
9
11
–
4
4
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
2
2
–
Tractor Trailer ...........................................
Private industry .....................................
831
831
15.37
15.37
13.85
13.85
13.82
13.82
–
–
18.06
18.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
5
5
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
2
2
2
2
7
7
32
32
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
48
48
–
–
–
–
Warehouse Specialists ..............................
Private industry .........................................
Service-producing industries ................
State and local government ......................
864
809
699
55
11.57
11.66
11.78
10.19
11.17
11.17
11.17
10.54
11.17
11.17
11.17
8.82
–
–
–
–
12.58
12.73
12.73
11.27
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
2
–
5
5
6
–
3
3
4
4
1
( 2)
2
( )
13
1
–
–
13
1
–
–
9
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
2
9
10
–
7
44
44
47
40
20
22
25
4
1
( 2)
1
2
3
3
4
–
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
7
8
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mean
Median
1,095
1,095
336
336
759
$13.17
13.17
13.37
13.37
13.08
$11.73
11.73
11.53
11.53
12.86
Guards
Level II ......................................................
99
10.72
8.63
8.44
–
Janitors ........................................................
Private industry .........................................
State and local government ......................
3,445
2,230
1,215
6.44
5.90
7.44
6.18
5.50
7.24
4.90
4.75
6.45
–
–
–
Material Handling Laborers .......................
Private industry .........................................
Service-producing industries ................
346
293
174
10.59
10.93
6.47
7.72
6.55
5.12
5.12
5.01
4.75
Shipping/Receiving Clerks ........................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Service-producing industries ................
514
513
322
191
10.60
10.60
10.71
10.42
10.43
10.43
10.43
10.05
Truckdrivers
Light Truck ................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
255
222
207
6.98
6.82
6.71
Medium Truck ...........................................
Private industry .....................................
326
326
Heavy Truck .............................................
Private industry .....................................
State and local government ..................
Forklift Operators .......................................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
Middle range
$11.53
11.53
11.53
11.53
11.55
– $13.21
–
13.21
–
16.29
–
16.29
–
13.21
1
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
2
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 over
3
3
1
1
5
2
2
( 2)
( 2)
3
2
2
1
1
3
43
43
64
64
33
7
7
2
2
9
15
15
1
1
21
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
15
–
–
21
8
8
25
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
10
Table A-6. Establishments employing 500 workers or more: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
450
and
under
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
950
950
1000
1000
1050
1050
1100
1100
1150
1150
1200
1200
1250
1250
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS
Accountants
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
437
303
51
51
252
39.4
39.1
39.5
39.5
39.0
$613
606
726
726
582
$595
566
–
–
556
$538
538
–
–
533
–
–
–
–
–
$673
663
–
–
629
6
7
8
8
7
26
32
8
8
37
20
19
–
–
23
17
14
12
12
14
11
11
8
8
11
9
6
8
8
5
8
8
31
31
3
1
2
10
10
( 3)
( 3)
1
4
4
–
1
2
12
12
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
349
226
71
71
155
123
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.9
780
808
874
874
777
730
770
781
–
–
779
736
661
673
–
–
654
651
–
–
–
–
–
–
853
939
–
–
883
805
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
2
6
8
–
–
12
2
10
4
6
6
4
20
17
17
6
6
23
15
9
8
15
15
5
12
19
18
10
10
21
22
13
7
3
3
8
24
6
8
14
14
5
2
5
7
11
11
5
1
7
10
13
13
9
–
5
8
11
11
6
–
3
4
7
7
3
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
155
75
39.6
39.2
1,055
1,188
1,015
–
920
–
–
–
1,194
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
2
–
5
–
7
5
9
–
11
5
8
5
8
4
9
9
9
9
5
11
9
19
2
4
8
17
4
8
–
–
1
3
Engineers
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
374
151
40.0
40.0
795
945
786
958
644
883
–
–
909
1,007
–
–
2
–
10
–
13
–
6
–
10
5
11
5
12
4
7
16
7
17
10
25
5
11
4
11
1
1
1
3
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
562
284
193
193
39.9
39.9
39.8
39.8
976
1,120
1,136
1,136
986
1,108
1,123
1,123
827
1,027
1,027
1,027
–
–
–
–
1,115
1,196
1,231
1,231
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
9
1
1
1
6
–
–
–
7
1
1
1
8
–
–
–
10
1
1
1
6
5
4
4
12
22
24
24
9
18
11
11
9
17
11
11
6
12
13
13
4
8
11
11
3
5
8
8
5
10
14
14
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
595
40.0
1,179
1,185
1,107
–
1,285
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
2
1
1
4
9
5
14
13
12
16
15
4
1
–
Buyers/Contracting Specialists
Level II ......................................................
91
39.3
680
648
607
–
736
–
10
11
30
13
15
7
2
4
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
88
62
40.0
40.0
930
1,004
992
–
790
–
–
–
1,046
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
6
–
9
6
7
3
11
5
1
–
6
8
11
16
24
32
13
18
1
2
5
6
–
–
1
2
1
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer Programmers
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
225
169
39.4
39.2
631
646
608
614
596
606
–
–
673
675
4
–
6
–
19
20
41
47
13
14
8
5
8
10
2
2
( 3)
1
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
450
292
278
39.5
39.3
39.2
745
770
766
738
756
751
674
721
718
–
–
–
805
808
806
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
–
–
10
–
–
16
19
20
22
26
27
20
26
26
14
15
16
5
6
5
3
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
ADMINISTRATIVE OCCUPATIONS
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table A-6. Establishments employing 500 workers or more: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
450
and
under
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
950
950
1000
1000
1050
1050
1100
1100
1150
1150
1200
1200
1250
1250
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
Computer Systems Analysts
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
600
433
383
39.4
39.2
39.1
$935
964
952
$929
952
942
$860
906
897
– $1,005
–
1,029
–
1,012
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
( 3)
1
4
–
–
8
6
7
10
6
7
12
9
10
23
26
28
13
15
15
13
17
17
7
9
8
5
7
4
2
2
1
–
–
–
( 3)
1
1
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
431
271
186
39.2
38.7
38.1
1,101
1,156
1,092
1,085
1,147
1,064
989
1,032
995
–
–
–
1,227
1,284
1,211
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
5
2
3
5
3
4
6
6
8
11
10
14
13
14
20
19
11
15
9
7
6
3
5
4
7
11
9
7
11
5
9
14
9
5
8
3
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
Personnel Specialists
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
232
122
82
39.5
39.0
38.6
796
825
775
784
815
769
676
661
654
–
–
–
873
952
869
–
–
–
( 3)
1
1
3
5
7
12
11
13
13
11
17
10
7
10
13
12
10
18
12
16
9
8
6
4
7
2
8
11
10
3
4
–
4
7
5
( 3)
1
–
1
2
–
1
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
103
62
39.3
38.9
1,051
1,111
1,008
–
943
–
–
–
1,213
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
5
2
–
5
2
2
–
17
13
14
13
15
16
14
6
2
2
1
2
6
10
4
6
15
24
1
2
–
–
–
–
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
12
Table A-7. Establishments employing 500 workers or more: Weekly hours and pay of technical and protective service occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
300
and
under
325
325
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
525
525
550
550
575
575
600
600
625
625
650
650
675
675
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
and
over
TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
Computer Operators
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
341
235
231
39.6
39.4
39.4
$452
461
461
$441
442
442
$377
370
370
–
–
–
$533
563
563
5
7
7
7
9
9
10
10
10
10
6
6
10
7
7
10
11
11
9
6
6
11
5
5
2
2
1
2
3
2
19
28
29
3
4
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
162
39.9
602
576
500
–
681
–
–
–
–
10
4
4
7
6
10
8
18
4
1
3
3
5
–
2
15
–
Engineering Technicians, Civil
Level II:
State and local government ..................
47
40.0
411
398
369
–
427
–
9
19
26
13
19
2
2
2
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III:
State and local government ..................
186
40.0
485
451
422
–
539
–
–
1
2
24
22
8
4
6
12
3
13
3
1
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
Level IV:
State and local government ..................
295
40.0
606
615
515
–
678
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
10
9
5
7
8
13
6
7
13
1
4
–
–
Corrections Officers:
State and local government ......................
1,175
40.0
444
412
403
–
482
–
–
16
1
36
5
13
9
3
12
2
1
1
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
Firefighters:
State and local government ......................
851
52.9
738
730
645
–
805
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
1
10
5
8
5
8
16
16
15
5
8
Police Officers
Level I .......................................................
State and local government ..................
1,777
1,771
40.0
40.0
659
659
599
599
570
570
–
–
730
730
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
8
8
21
21
15
15
4
4
6
6
5
5
3
3
8
8
4
4
9
9
2
2
8
8
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..................
9
9
40.0
40.0
844
844
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
78
78
22
22
–
–
PROTECTIVE SERVICE
OCCUPATIONS
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
13
Table A-8. Establishments employing 500 workers or more: Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
Under
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
525
525
550
550
575
575
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
Clerks, Accounting
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
745
512
69
69
443
39.9
39.9
39.7
39.7
39.9
$375
368
458
458
354
$364
357
–
–
354
$332
331
–
–
329
–
–
–
–
–
$400
385
–
–
376
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
6
6
1
16
15
–
–
18
20
23
6
6
26
22
26
6
6
29
16
17
7
7
18
6
5
1
1
5
7
3
10
10
2
8
4
25
25
1
2
2
16
16
–
1
1
9
9
–
1
1
6
6
–
( 3)
1
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
1
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
558
150
92
39.6
38.7
38.4
453
490
432
447
476
426
395
413
384
–
–
–
493
539
484
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
1
2
13
13
21
11
3
4
14
13
22
9
10
16
11
10
8
19
11
12
7
11
9
2
6
4
3
4
2
1
3
–
4
7
–
1
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
4
–
–
–
–
Clerks, General
Level III:
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
163
151
38.7
38.7
414
407
414
393
334
327
–
–
496
493
–
–
5
5
10
11
6
7
10
11
5
5
12
13
4
4
4
3
12
11
12
13
13
13
4
5
2
1
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Key Entry Operators
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
265
248
241
39.0
38.9
38.9
367
364
365
364
360
360
325
324
324
–
–
–
393
384
385
( 3)
( 3)
–
5
5
5
7
7
7
13
14
13
15
15
15
19
20
20
19
20
20
7
5
5
4
2
2
6
6
6
2
2
2
3
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Secretaries
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
731
261
248
39.4
38.4
38.5
468
461
461
471
446
446
423
416
417
–
–
–
503
506
505
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
2
4
2
2
5
4
3
14
29
30
11
16
17
14
10
10
22
6
6
16
15
16
3
4
4
4
9
9
2
3
2
1
1
–
1
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
813
457
284
356
39.5
39.2
38.8
39.9
577
609
532
536
551
580
522
539
500
510
483
493
–
–
–
–
642
695
575
569
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
( 3)
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
5
2
4
5
7
3
7
3
5
11
8
9
14
8
11
10
16
12
11
6
10
18
15
7
11
25
6
7
10
3
8
9
11
7
10
15
6
4
5
7
1
2
5
9
–
–
1
1
–
1
4
7
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
104
94
76
10
38.5
38.4
38.2
39.5
634
640
624
571
640
651
–
–
568
575
–
–
–
–
–
–
719
721
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
3
–
2
2
3
–
1
–
–
10
3
3
4
–
3
3
4
–
6
4
4
20
5
4
5
10
6
5
7
10
9
9
9
10
18
17
20
30
12
12
9
10
26
29
28
–
7
7
3
–
2
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
Switchboard Operator-Receptionists .......
60
39.5
362
–
–
–
–
12
10
8
22
13
8
7
3
3
–
–
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
4
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
4
Less than 0.5 percent.
Workers were distributed as follows: 3 percent at $200 and under $225 and 8 percent at $225 and under $250.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
14
Table A-9. Establishments employing 500 workers or more: Hourly pay of maintenance and toolroom occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
7.50
and
under
8.00
8.00
8.50
8.50
9.00
9.00
9.50
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00
General Maintenance Workers ..................
State and local government ......................
83
51
$10.94
10.29
$11.65
10.26
$9.34
8.51
– $12.38
–
12.38
12
20
2
4
6
10
5
8
4
6
10
4
5
8
6
–
13
14
18
14
11
12
8
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Maintenance Electricians ...........................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
State and local government ......................
792
750
679
679
42
20.43
20.77
20.81
20.81
14.47
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
14.03
18.93
20.62
20.62
20.62
12.29
–
–
–
–
–
21.64
21.64
25.04
25.04
16.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
10
1
–
–
–
10
( 2)
–
–
–
7
3
3
3
3
12
4
3
4
4
10
2
1
1
1
19
1
1
–
–
5
5
5
6
6
7
1
–
–
–
10
9
9
10
10
–
1
( 2)
–
–
12
45
47
52
52
–
6
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
22
23
25
25
–
Maintenance Mechanics, Machinery .........
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
1,441
1,441
1,395
1,395
21.21
21.21
21.22
21.22
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
20.62
–
–
–
–
25.04
25.04
25.04
25.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
4
4
4
4
–
–
–
–
10
10
10
10
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
34
34
35
35
13
13
11
11
4
4
4
4
–
–
–
–
28
28
29
29
Maintenance Mechanics, Motor Vehicle ...
Private industry .........................................
Service-producing industries:
Transportation and utilities ...............
State and local government ......................
184
64
13.92
14.97
13.60
–
11.75
–
–
–
15.47
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
2
3
4
6
6
–
9
6
4
8
7
3
8
–
13
11
8
14
21
20
2
–
4
5
2
2
8
22
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
56
120
15.01
13.36
14.50
13.07
12.49
11.45
–
–
18.67
15.01
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
2
7
3
–
9
7
11
7
2
4
8
–
12
13
14
16
4
21
22
–
3
–
4
–
2
25
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
2
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
15
Table A-10. Establishments employing 500 workers or more: Hourly pay of material movement and custodial occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1996
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
5.00
and
under
5.50
5.50
6.00
6.00
6.50
6.50
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
8.50
8.50
9.00
9.00
9.50
– $13.21
–
13.21
–
19.74
–
19.74
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
1
1
2
2
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
6
6
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
8.44
–
13.43
–
–
–
–
10
1
34
6
5
1
3
1
–
2
6
3
5
7
6
9
–
–
–
6.07
5.91
5.63
6.32
–
–
–
–
7.89
7.33
6.99
7.89
5
9
10
4
17
17
19
17
13
25
27
9
17
19
20
16
10
8
7
11
16
5
3
20
5
5
3
5
3
3
3
4
4
2
1
4
3
3
3
3
5
5
4
5
1
1
–
1
( 2)
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.02
–
19.74
–
–
–
7
7
6
3
2
6
3
4
2
–
–
–
–
3
9
–
–
–
–
49
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
3
3
–
–
4
4
3
1
4
4
–
–
1
1
1
1
51
51
1
1
–
–
–
–
15
15
1
1
–
–
15
15
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.45
8.95
8.95
8.71
–
–
15.55
11.16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
6
11
21
40
3
4
3
2
5
7
5
7
8
12
1
2
6
10
3
–
3
2
–
–
36
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.72
11.72
11.99
11.99
10.48
10.48
–
–
12.63
12.63
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
3
3
2
2
10
10
2
2
7
7
12
12
7
7
10
10
9
9
30
30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
7
–
–
–
–
12.78
10.33
12.73
10.83
12.58
8.95
–
–
12.93
11.51
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
2
–
2
2
2
12
2
12
2
10
1
4
( 2)
2
1
8
4
24
3
20
1
4
54
–
2
2
–
–
2
–
–
–
20
–
–
–
–
–
Mean
Median
477
477
166
166
$13.23
13.23
15.34
15.34
$13.01
13.01
18.01
18.01
Guards
Level II ......................................................
99
10.72
8.63
Janitors ........................................................
Private industry .........................................
Service-producing industries ................
State and local government ......................
1,439
372
337
1,067
7.20
6.83
6.65
7.33
6.91
6.44
6.34
7.06
Material Handling Laborers .......................
180
14.66
14.95
Shipping/Receiving Clerks ........................
Private industry .........................................
79
78
12.16
12.21
–
–
Truckdrivers
Heavy Truck .............................................
State and local government ..................
157
82
12.04
9.78
Tractor Trailer ...........................................
Private industry .....................................
115
115
Warehouse Specialists ..............................
State and local government ......................
325
50
Forklift Operators .......................................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
$11.53
11.53
11.53
11.53
1
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
2
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
3
3
2
2
13
13
28
28
2
2
4
4
13
13
–
–
34
34
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
17
50
50
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
16
Appendix A.
Scope and Method
of Survey
Scope
This survey of the Richmond–Petersburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area
covered establishments employing 50 workers or more in goods producing
industries (mining, construction, and manufacturing); service producing industries
(transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale
trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services industries); and
State and local governments.1 Private households, agriculture, the Federal
Government, and the self-employed were excluded from the survey. Table 1 in this
appendix shows the estimated number of establishments and workers within scope
of the survey and the number actually included in the survey sample.
professional, administrative, technical, protective service, and clerical occupations.
In other words, the larger the number of employees expected to be found in
designated occupations, the larger the establishment sample in that stratum. An
upward adjustment to the establishment sample size also was made in strata
expected to have relatively high sampling error for certain occupations, based on
previous survey experiences. (See section on "Reliability of estimates" below for
discussion of sampling error.)
Data collection and payroll reference
Data for the survey were obtained primarily by personal visits of the Bureau's
field economists to a sample of establishments within the Richmond–Petersburg,
VA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Collection for the survey was from June 1996
through October 1996 and reflects an average payroll reference month of August
1996. Data obtained for a payroll period prior to the end of August 1996 were
updated to include general wage changes, if granted, scheduled to be effective
through that date.
Sampling frame
The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (the
sampling frame) was developed from the State unemployment insurance reports for
the Richmond–Petersburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area (July 1994).
Establishments with 50 workers or more during the sampling frame's reference
period were included in the survey sample even if they employed fewer than 50
workers at the time of the survey.
The sampling frame was reviewed for completeness and accuracy prior to the
survey and, when necessary, corrections were made: Missing establishments were
added; out-of-business and out-of-scope establishments were removed; and
addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and other information were
updated.
Occupational pay
Occupational pay data are shown for full-time workers, i.e., those hired to work a
regular weekly schedule. Pay data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work
on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are bonuses and lump-sum
payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as
profit-sharing payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and
other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases—but not bonuses—under cost-ofliving allowance clauses and incentive payments, however, are included in the pay
data.
Unless otherwise indicated, the pay data following the job titles are for all
industries combined. Pay data for some of the occupations for all industries
combined (or for some industry divisions within the scope of the survey) are not
presented in the A-series tables because either (1) data did not provide statistically
Survey design
The survey design includes classifying individual establishments into groups
(strata) based on industry and employment size, determining the size of the sample
for each group (stratum), and selecting an establishment sample from each stratum.
The establishment sample size in a stratum was determined by expected number of
employees to be found (based on previous occupational pay surveys) in
A-1
adjusted to account for the missing data. The weights for establishments which
were out of business or outside the scope of the survey were changed to zero.
Some sampled establishments had a policy of not disclosing salary data for
certain employees. No adjustments were made to pay estimates for the survey as a
result of these missing data. The proportion of employees for whom pay data were
not available was less than 5 percent.
reliable results, or (2) there was the possibility of disclosure of individual
establishment data. Pay data not shown separately for industry divisions are
included in data for all industries combined.
Average pay reflect areawide estimates. Industries and establishments differ in
pay levels and job staffing, and thus contribute differently to the estimates for each
job. Therefore, average pay may not reflect the pay differential among jobs within
individual establishments. A-series tables provide distributions of workers by pay
intervals
The mean is computed for each job by totaling the pay of all workers and
dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position—one-half of
the workers receive the same as or more and one-half receive the same as or less
than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; one-fourth of
the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth
earn the same as or more than the higher rate. Medians and middle ranges are not
provided when they do not meet reliability criteria.
Occupations surveyed are common to a variety of public and private industries,
and were selected from the following employment groups: (1) Professional and
administrative; (2) technical and protective service; (3) clerical; (4) maintenance
and toolroom; and (5) material movement and custodial.
Occupational
classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take
account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. Occupations
selected for study are listed and described in appendix B, along with corresponding
occupational codes and titles from the 1980 edition of the Standard Occupational
Classification Manual. Job descriptions used to classify employees in this survey
usually are more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow
for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed.
Average weekly hours for professional, administrative, technical, protective
service, and clerical occupations refer to the standard workweek (rounded to the
nearest tenth of an hour) for which employees receive regular straight-time pay.
Average weekly pay for these occupations are rounded to the nearest dollar.
Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments
within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because
occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of occupational
employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to
indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied.
Reliability of estimates
The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically selected probability
sample. There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample
survey—sampling and nonsampling.
Sampling errors occur because observations come only from a sample, not the
entire population. The particular sample used in this survey is one of a number of
all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the
sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from
each other.
A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard
error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a
particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. The
relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error divided by the estimate. For
example, if the estimated average weekly salary of Secretaries Level IV is $500
and the standard error is $8, the RSE is 1.6 percent, or $8/$500x100 = 1.6%.
Estimates of relative standard errors for this survey vary among the occupational
work levels depending on such factors as the frequency with which the job occurs,
the dispersion of salaries for the job, and the survey design. The distribution of
published work levels for one relative standard error was as follows:
Relative standard
error
Less than 1 percent
1 and under 3 percent
3 and under 5 percent
5 percent and over
Survey nonresponse
Data were not available from 17.2 percent of the sample establishments
(representing 46,217 employees covered by the survey). An additional 3.3 percent
of the sample establishments (representing 9,237 employees) were either out of
business or outside the scope of the survey.
If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights (based on the
probability of selection in the sample) of responding sample establishments were
Percent of published
occupational work levels
2.7
56.8
35.1
5.4
The standard error can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a
sample estimate. For example, a 95 percent confidence interval is centered at the
sample estimate and includes all values within 2 times the estimate's standard error.
If all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval
from each sample would include the true population value approximately 95
percent of the time.
A-2
To measure and better control nonsampling errors that occur during data
collection, a quality control procedure was applied to the survey design. The
procedure, job match validation (JMV), is designed to identify the frequency,
reasons for, and sources of incorrect decisions made by Bureau field economists in
matching company jobs to survey occupations. Once identified, the problems are
discussed promptly with the field economists while the data are still being
collected. Subsequently, the JMV results are tallied, reported to BLS staff, and
become the basis for remedial action for future surveys.
Using the RSE example above, there is 95 percent confidence that the true
population value for Secretaries Level IV is between $484 and $516 (i.e., $500 plus
or minus 2 x $8).
Nonsampling errors can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain
information from some establishments; difficulties with survey definitions;
inability of respondents to provide correct information; mistakes in recording or
coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, and
estimation of missing data. Although not specifically measured, the survey's
nonsampling errors are expected to be minimal due to the high response rate, the
extensive and continuous training of field economists who gather survey data by
personal visit, careful screening of data at several levels of review, annual
evaluation of the suitability of job definitions, and thorough field testing of new or
revised job definitions.
1 For this survey, an establishment is an economic unit which produces goods or services, a central
administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. In manufacturing
industries, the establishment is usually at a single physical location. In service-producing industries, all
locations of an individual company in a Metropolitan Statistical Area are usually considered an
establishment. In government, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government entity.
A-3
Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA1, August 1996
Number of establishments
Industry
division2
Within scope of
survey3
Workers in establishments
Within scope of survey4
Studied
Studied
Number
Percent
ALL ESTABLISHMENTS
All divisions ...................................................................................
1,095
161
323,534
100
147,449
Private industry .......................................................................
Goods producing ..............................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................
Construction5 ..............................................................
Service producing .............................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and
sanitary services6 .................................................
Wholesale trade7 ........................................................
Retail trade7 ................................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate7 ..........................
Services7 ....................................................................
1,048
258
175
79
785
143
30
24
4
112
245,836
61,055
52,562
7,762
184,371
76
19
16
2
57
81,894
23,515
22,943
293
58,297
63
23
264
96
339
13
3
24
10
62
17,781
4,601
57,340
35,719
68,930
5
1
18
11
21
9,710
1,651
17,427
9,805
19,704
State and local government ....................................................
47
18
77,698
24
65,555
ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING
500 WORKERS OR MORE
All divisions ...................................................................................
118
50
201,441
100
128,567
Private industry .......................................................................
Goods producing ..............................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................
Service producing .............................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and
sanitary services6 .................................................
Retail trade7 ................................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate7 ..........................
Services7 ....................................................................
103
20
20
83
40
10
10
30
130,373
32,366
32,366
98,007
65
16
16
49
64,672
20,463
20,463
44,209
7
25
23
26
5
10
4
10
11,305
32,822
24,980
25,900
6
16
12
13
8,564
15,159
8,740
10,246
State and local government ....................................................
15
10
71,068
35
63,895
1
The Richmond-Petersburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget through June 1994, consists of the
cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond, and the
counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover,
Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George. The "workers within
scope of survey" estimates provide a reasonably accurate description of the
size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are
not intended, however, for comparison with other statistical series to measure
employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires
establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period
studied, and (2) establishments employing fewer than 50 workers are
excluded from the scope of the survey.
2
The Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying
establishments by industry.
3
Includes all establishments with at least 50 total employees. In goods
producing, an establishment is defined as a single physical location where
industrial operations are performed. In service producing industries, an
establishment is defined as all locations of a company in the area within the
same industry division. In government, an establishment is generally defined
as all locations of a government entity.
4
Includes all workers in all establishments with total employment (within
an area) at or above the minimum limitations.
5
Separate data for this division are not shown in the A-series tables, but
the division is represented in the "all industries" and "goods producing"
estimates.
6
Abbreviated to "Transportation and utilities" in the A-series tables. This
division is represented in the "all industries" and "service producing"
estimates.
7
Separate data for this division are not shown in the A-series tables, but
the division is represented in the "all industries" and "service producing"
estimates.
Note: Overall industries may include data for industry divisions not shown
separately.
A-4