Occupational
Compensation Survey:
Pay Only
Richmond—Petersburg, VA,
Metropolitan Area,
August 1995
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Bulletin 3080-31
________________________________________________________________
Preface
This bulletin provides results of an August 1995 survey of occupational
pay in the Richmond—Petersburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area. This
survey was conducted as part of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Compensation Survey Program. Data from this program are
for use in implementing the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of
1990. The survey was conducted by the Bureau's regional office in
Philadelphia, under the direction of John W. Filemyr, Assistant Regional
Commissioner for Operations. Data were collected by Kendall Cooper,
Bruce Edwards, Frank Hayden, Rose Murray, Nancy Shamonsky, Tom
Shaffer, Drew Simmons, and Mirian Torain. Regional review was
conducted by Joseph Mursch under the supervision of Frank Waligorski,
Team Leader. Statistical support was provided by Ken Hillian. Kimberly
Lacey of the Division of Occupational Pay and Employee Benefit Levels
reviewed the aggregate data. Martha Walker of the Statistical Methods
Group was responsible for the statistical procedures. Paulette Brown and
Kimberly Lacey of the Division of Occupational Pay and Employee
Benefit Levels prepared this bulletin.
The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of
the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay
data included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for
their cooperation.
For additional information regarding this survey or similar surveys
conducted in this regional area, please contact the BLS Philadelphia
Regional Office at (215) 596-1154. You may also write to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics at: Division of Occupational Pay and Employee Benefits,
2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, D.C. 20212-0001 or call the
Occupational Compensation Survey Program information line at (202)
606-6220.
Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and, with appropriate
credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be
made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice
phone: (202) 606-STAT; TDD phone: (202) 606-5897; TDD message
referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
For an account of a similar survey conducted in 1994, see
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, GPO bookstores, and the
Occupational Compensation Survey: Pay Only, Richmond—
Petersburg, VA, BLS Bulletin 3075-52.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145,
Chicago, IL 60690-2145.
Occupational
Compensation Survey:
Pay Only
Richmond—Petersburg, VA,
Metropolitan Area,
August 1995
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Robert B. Reich, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Katharine G. Abraham,
Commissioner
January 1996
Bulletin 3080-31
Contents
Page
Page
Tables—Continued
Introduction ...............................................................................................................
2
Tables:
Health services:
All establishments:
A-1.
administrative occupations .........................................................
A-2.
A-6.
Weekly hours and pay of professional, administrative,
A-7.
Hourly pay of maintenance, toolroom, material movement,
technical, protective service, and clerical occupations ..............
Weekly hours and pay of professional and
3
and custodial occupations ..........................................................
Weekly hours and pay of technical and protective
service occupations ...................................................................
8
A-3.
Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations ...............................
10
A-4.
Hourly pay of maintenance and toolroom
A-5.
Hourly pay of material movement and custodial
occupations ................................................................................
occupations ................................................................................
13
14
16
19
Appendixes:
A.
Scope and method of survey .........................................................
A-1
B.
Occupational descriptions ..............................................................
B-1
Introduction
employing 50 workers or more and to State and local governments and (2) adding
more professional, administrative, technical, and protective service occupations to
the surveys.
This survey of occupational pay in the Richmond—Petersburg, VA Metropolitan
Statistical Area (the cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and
Richmond, and the counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland,
Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George) was conducted as part
of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Compensation Survey
Program. The survey is one of a number of metropolitan areas surveyed annually
throughout the United States. (See listing of reports for other surveys at the end of
this bulletin.)
A major objective of the Occupational Compensation Survey Program is to
describe the level and distribution of occupational pay in a variety of the Nation's
local labor markets, using a consistent survey approach. Another Program
objective is to provide information on the incidence of employee benefits among
and within local labor markets. However, no benefits data were collected for this
survey.
The Program develops information that is used for a variety of purposes,
including wage and salary administration, collective bargaining, and assistance in
determining business or plant location. Survey results also are used by the U.S.
Department of Labor in making wage determinations under the Service Contract
Act, and by the President's Pay Agent (the Secretary of Labor and Directors of the
U.S. Office of Personnel Management and the U.S. Office of Management and
Budget) in determining local pay adjustments under the Federal Employee Pay
Comparability Act of 1990. This latter requirement resulted in: (1) Expanding the
survey's industrial coverage to include all private nonfarm establishments (except
households)
Pay
The A-series tables provide estimates of straight-time weekly or hourly pay by
occupation. Tables A-1 through A-5 provide data for selected white- and bluecollar occupations common to a variety of industries. Tables A-6 and A-7 present
separate occupational pay information for the health services industry.
Occupational pay information is presented for all industries covered by the
survey and, where possible, for private industry (e.g., for goods- and serviceproducing industries) and for State and local governments. Within private
industry, more detailed information is presented to the extent that the survey
establishment sample can support such detail.
Appendixes
Appendix A describes the concepts, methods, and coverage used in the
Occupational Compensation Survey Program. It also includes information on the
area's industrial composition and the reliability of occupational pay estimates.
Appendix B includes the descriptions used by Bureau field economists to classify
workers in the survey occupations.
2
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
1800
1800
1900
1900
and
over
PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS
Accountants
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
254
126
79
128
39.4
38.9
38.5
39.8
$502
493
499
511
$493
455
465
512
$451
423
443
474
–
–
–
–
$551
565
556
551
4
9
4
–
20
33
32
9
28
23
32
32
21
9
8
33
17
8
8
25
7
13
10
2
2
5
6
–
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
460
326
106
106
220
39.2
39.0
39.9
39.9
38.5
626
626
716
716
583
615
604
750
750
576
538
519
625
625
519
–
–
–
–
–
693
708
811
811
630
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
8
8
–
6
7
8
8
6
22
25
3
3
35
16
15
2
2
22
18
13
10
10
15
12
11
8
8
13
9
8
13
13
5
8
8
19
19
3
5
7
21
21
( 3)
2
3
8
8
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
375
268
132
129
136
107
39.5
39.3
39.6
39.6
39.1
39.9
786
811
819
814
804
724
759
796
798
788
786
738
673
680
678
674
680
658
–
–
–
–
–
–
886
938
955
954
905
787
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
2
2
–
1
5
3
2
2
4
7
11
11
8
8
14
11
13
12
16
16
9
15
12
9
9
9
9
21
17
14
14
14
14
26
18
18
13
13
24
17
17
23
28
28
18
2
4
6
6
5
6
–
2
2
3
3
1
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
191
102
64
63
38
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.4
39.1
983
1,029
1,002
1,005
1,075
957
1,000
969
990
–
865
865
865
865
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,081
1,163
1,101
1,101
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
5
4
3
3
5
32
27
39
38
8
18
18
11
11
29
21
19
20
21
16
8
12
11
11
13
6
9
8
8
11
5
10
6
6
16
1
2
2
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level V ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
28
27
39.1
39.1
1,436
1,438
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
4
–
–
14
15
25
22
32
33
11
11
4
4
11
11
–
–
–
–
Accountants, Public
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
33
33
33
40.0
40.0
40.0
548
548
548
538
538
538
529
529
529
–
–
–
558
558
558
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
58
58
58
39
39
39
3
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
45
45
45
40.0
40.0
40.0
587
587
587
569
569
569
558
558
558
–
–
–
604
604
604
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
2
67
67
67
13
13
13
18
18
18
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
59
59
59
40.0
40.0
40.0
656
656
656
648
648
648
604
604
604
–
–
–
702
702
702
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
17
17
34
34
34
22
22
22
19
19
19
8
8
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
36
36
36
40.0
40.0
40.0
918
918
918
911
911
911
858
858
858
–
–
–
952
952
952
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
8
8
36
36
36
36
36
36
11
11
11
8
8
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
3
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
1800
1800
1900
1900
and
over
Attorneys
Level II:
State and local government ..................
10
38.8
$949
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
10
–
10
–
10
10
–
40
–
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III:
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
33
33
37.8
37.8
1,355
1,355
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
6
–
–
27
27
30
30
27
27
–
–
3
3
6
6
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
26
38.7
1,492
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
–
27
12
15
15
12
–
4
Engineers
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
93
87
71
55
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
655
655
657
678
$656
654
638
719
$584
577
584
544
–
–
–
–
$750
758
760
787
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
4
5
1
2
15
16
20
25
23
23
25
4
5
5
4
5
11
7
8
11
15
16
11
15
12
13
14
18
14
15
15
20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
483
275
190
184
85
208
39.9
39.8
39.8
39.8
39.9
39.9
773
839
877
886
754
685
753
837
888
895
731
688
658
723
773
777
673
602
–
–
–
–
–
–
853
954
1,004
1,005
840
753
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
( 3)
2
( 3)
–
–
1
5
7
2
3
3
–
14
13
7
7
4
8
22
14
14
7
7
31
13
10
7
2
2
18
13
12
9
11
11
7
16
20
24
23
24
26
16
10
17
21
22
9
( 3)
8
14
20
21
–
–
2
4
5
5
–
–
( 3)
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
State and local government ..................
791
539
387
379
252
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.8
982
1,061
1,072
1,075
813
969
1,067
1,082
1,087
823
841
952
943
945
721
–
–
–
–
–
1,127
1,158
1,200
1,201
899
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
( 3)
2
–
–
–
5
5
1
1
1
13
3
1
1
1
8
8
4
4
4
17
22
11
12
11
44
15
18
17
16
7
16
22
17
17
4
16
24
22
22
( 3)
9
13
17
17
–
3
4
5
5
–
1
2
2
2
–
1
1
1
1
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
State and local government ..................
535
426
311
311
109
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.8
1,160
1,210
1,215
1,215
966
1,183
1,220
1,222
1,222
983
1,051
1,138
1,126
1,126
962
–
–
–
–
–
1,255
1,281
1,289
1,289
1,005
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
3
1
–
–
–
6
4
2
3
3
10
13
3
3
3
51
14
11
12
12
25
21
25
25
25
5
33
41
38
38
–
9
11
12
12
–
2
3
4
4
–
1
2
3
3
–
1
1
1
1
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level V ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
State and local government ..................
275
261
156
144
14
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.6
1,398
1,409
1,434
1,436
1,189
1,396
1,400
1,400
1,408
–
1,333
1,343
1,351
1,341
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,442
1,444
1,517
1,529
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
1
1
14
4
2
1
1
50
12
11
11
12
21
35
36
31
33
14
33
35
30
26
–
7
7
12
12
–
5
5
9
10
–
2
2
4
4
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
Level VI .....................................................
State and local government ..................
72
20
39.9
40.0
1,534
1,211
1,553
1,175
1,299
1,156
–
–
1,637
1,285
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
5
14
50
10
35
1
5
6
5
36
–
14
–
4
–
1
–
See footnotes at end of table.
4
4
13
–
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
1800
1800
1900
1900
and
over
Registered Nurses
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
198
115
112
40.0
39.9
40.0
$593
601
596
$581
600
600
$556
540
533
–
–
–
$620
655
651
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
4
4
14
24
25
49
17
18
17
27
28
8
11
12
9
14
13
–
–
–
1
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
2,946
1,749
1,729
1,197
40.0
39.9
39.9
40.0
708
700
700
719
708
710
710
703
630
622
620
640
–
–
–
–
784
779
779
804
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
2
–
6
6
6
5
10
12
12
7
15
12
12
21
15
13
13
17
17
20
20
13
15
18
18
12
16
15
15
19
4
2
2
7
( 3)
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Buyers/Contracting Specialists
Level I .......................................................
30
39.5
554
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
43
20
10
7
–
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
171
115
73
72
42
38.9
38.5
38.6
38.5
38.3
640
640
625
623
666
615
594
570
570
628
551
523
523
520
606
–
–
–
–
–
692
721
709
705
721
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
23
30
44
44
5
20
21
25
25
14
20
17
–
–
45
11
7
5
6
10
6
5
5
6
5
8
5
3
3
10
9
13
14
13
12
1
1
1
1
–
1
2
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
State and local government ..................
109
82
43
43
27
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.7
39.9
927
986
991
991
747
957
1,001
1,002
1,002
762
823
935
935
935
658
–
–
–
–
–
1,030
1,058
1,106
1,106
823
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
19
4
–
–
–
15
7
6
12
12
11
6
1
–
–
19
17
12
7
7
33
22
29
28
28
–
28
37
28
28
4
10
13
23
23
–
1
1
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer Programmers
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
234
154
146
80
39.1
38.7
38.7
39.8
605
625
622
567
587
615
615
563
538
545
544
504
–
–
–
–
687
705
705
604
–
–
–
–
4
6
7
–
7
1
1
17
22
18
19
30
20
17
16
26
14
16
17
10
13
15
14
10
11
14
14
5
6
9
8
1
2
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
388
192
42
42
150
39.3
38.5
39.1
39.1
38.4
717
753
740
740
757
708
750
754
754
733
636
689
696
696
689
–
–
–
–
–
775
789
762
762
803
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
1
–
–
1
18
11
5
5
13
16
17
21
21
15
18
20
12
12
23
18
28
48
48
22
14
16
12
12
17
3
5
2
2
5
2
3
–
–
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
ADMINISTRATIVE OCCUPATIONS
See footnotes at end of table.
5
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
1800
1800
1900
1900
and
over
Computer Systems Analysts
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
157
148
39
38
109
39.0
39.1
39.9
39.9
38.9
$798
798
816
813
791
$812
815
–
–
790
$744
741
–
–
731
–
–
–
–
–
$861
865
–
–
861
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
–
–
10
15
16
15
16
16
17
14
3
3
17
44
45
67
68
37
9
9
8
5
10
1
1
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
840
616
109
107
507
39.3
39.0
39.6
39.6
38.9
880
895
908
909
892
865
878
871
877
885
796
811
815
813
808
–
–
–
–
–
952
964
999
1,004
953
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
1
–
–
2
8
6
2
2
7
14
14
16
16
14
35
34
39
37
33
22
24
19
20
25
14
17
20
21
17
2
3
4
4
3
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
1
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
664
476
369
39.3
39.0
38.8
1,062
1,091
1,062
1,050
1,058
1,035
962
981
965
–
–
–
1,124
1,210
1,134
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
2
–
–
10
8
9
24
23
29
34
29
30
11
14
14
10
14
11
7
9
6
2
2
1
( 3)
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
44
44
39.6
39.6
1,402
1,402
1,399
1,399
1,287
1,287
–
–
1,552
1,552
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
5
5
5
18
18
23
23
18
18
20
20
9
9
2
2
–
–
–
–
Computer Systems Analyst
Supervisors/Managers
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
101
45
26
56
39.8
39.5
39.1
40.0
1,157
1,174
1,107
1,143
1,149
1,113
–
1,149
1,051
1,013
–
1,081
–
–
–
–
1,201
1,292
–
1,175
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
7
12
2
11
11
19
11
25
29
15
21
31
7
8
50
15
22
35
9
4
9
12
–
3
4
–
2
6
7
–
5
2
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
67
55
38.6
38.4
1,358
1,382
1,343
1,360
1,292
1,306
–
–
1,488
1,521
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
5
10
9
10
9
39
36
10
13
15
18
6
7
1
2
–
–
–
–
Personnel Specialists
Level I .......................................................
State and local government ..................
58
56
39.8
39.8
549
553
563
563
506
515
–
–
589
589
–
–
7
5
14
13
19
20
41
43
19
20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
294
125
39
39
86
39.4
38.8
38.9
38.9
38.8
612
585
597
597
579
606
577
–
–
576
539
500
–
–
509
–
–
–
–
–
688
644
–
–
643
1
2
–
–
2
2
6
–
–
8
8
15
36
36
6
14
16
5
5
21
21
21
10
10
26
20
18
23
23
16
13
10
5
5
12
8
4
3
3
5
10
4
10
10
1
2
5
8
8
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
292
182
57
53
125
39.5
39.3
39.9
39.9
39.0
756
765
788
788
755
740
757
753
740
757
673
689
696
696
665
–
–
–
–
–
823
833
845
850
817
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
–
–
3
6
7
2
2
9
10
8
9
9
8
20
21
19
21
22
13
10
18
19
6
15
14
12
9
15
24
24
23
21
25
6
6
9
9
5
3
5
7
8
5
1
2
2
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
6
Table A-1. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of professional and administrative occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
140
103
57
55
46
37
39.0
38.7
39.1
39.1
38.1
40.0
$1,006
1,031
1,043
1,043
1,016
935
$972
1,008
1,008
1,000
1,004
920
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
350
and
under
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
1400
1500
1500
1600
1600
1700
1700
1800
1800
1900
1900
and
over
– $1,086
–
1,177
–
1,217
–
1,229
–
1,058
–
1,028
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
3
4
4
2
5
24
20
26
27
13
35
24
21
18
18
26
30
24
21
12
11
33
30
9
12
12
11
11
–
10
14
18
18
9
–
6
8
11
11
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Middle range
$881
900
865
865
909
866
Level V ......................................................
26
38.8
1,329
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12
15
15
35
4
12
4
4
–
–
Personnel Supervisors/Managers
Level I:
State and local government ..................
8
40.0
988
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
38
13
50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Tax Collectors
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..................
11
11
40.0
40.0
584
584
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
36
36
18
18
27
27
9
9
9
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
4
Workers were distributed as follows: 8 percent at $1,900 and under $2,000; 1 percent at $2,000 and under $2,100; and 3
percent at $2,100 and under $2,200.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
7
Table A-2. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of technical and protective service occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
175
and
under
200
200
250
250
300
300
350
350
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
Computer Operators
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
386
207
27
27
180
179
39.4
38.9
39.7
39.7
38.8
39.9
$434
449
460
460
447
416
$423
428
–
–
427
418
$369
367
–
–
363
369
–
–
–
–
–
–
$485
544
–
–
545
461
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14
14
–
–
16
14
23
20
15
15
21
26
22
18
33
33
16
26
19
11
19
19
9
29
18
30
19
19
32
3
4
7
15
15
6
2
1
1
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
195
80
27
27
53
115
39.7
39.4
39.5
39.5
39.3
39.9
543
588
685
685
538
512
544
596
–
–
559
526
471
469
–
–
442
471
–
–
–
–
–
–
584
666
–
–
632
563
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
4
–
–
6
8
14
16
–
–
25
12
12
9
7
7
9
14
19
1
–
–
2
32
26
20
–
–
30
30
10
21
33
33
15
3
8
19
30
30
13
1
1
1
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
7
22
22
–
–
1
1
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Drafters
Level II ......................................................
33
39.8
482
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
30
21
9
18
–
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
65
44
42
41
39.2
39.0
39.0
39.0
590
596
594
591
570
577
572
567
555
559
559
559
–
–
–
–
646
635
602
602
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
9
2
2
2
14
11
12
12
43
55
57
59
9
11
7
7
12
14
14
15
8
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Engineering Technicians
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
179
179
153
40.0
40.0
40.0
816
816
816
822
822
815
799
799
799
–
–
–
831
831
831
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
2
1
1
1
8
8
8
6
6
7
9
9
8
58
58
63
7
7
3
2
2
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
Engineering Technicians, Civil
Level I:
State and local government ..................
10
40.0
354
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
80
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..................
58
56
39.5
39.5
420
421
394
399
369
363
–
–
465
467
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
11
41
39
19
20
12
13
9
9
9
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
State and local government ..................
204
199
39.9
39.9
477
477
461
451
422
422
–
–
527
527
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
11
37
38
14
14
17
16
17
17
3
3
1
2
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
State and local government ..................
275
275
39.9
39.9
596
596
602
602
504
504
–
–
658
658
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
22
22
13
13
13
13
21
21
21
21
3
3
2
2
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level V:
State and local government ..................
12
40.0
696
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
25
8
33
–
–
17
–
–
–
–
–
Licensed Practical Nurses
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
1,249
1,033
1,033
216
39.8
39.7
39.7
40.0
452
449
449
464
441
437
437
464
402
400
400
410
–
–
–
–
502
500
500
515
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
4
4
2
19
20
20
17
30
32
32
22
21
19
19
31
20
21
21
18
4
2
2
10
1
1
1
( 3)
1
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table A-2. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of technical and protective service occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
175
and
under
200
200
250
250
300
300
350
350
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
1000
1000
1100
1100
1200
1200
1300
1300
1400
Nursing Assistants
Level I .......................................................
93
39.4
$231
$214
$195
–
$270
30
38
16
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
2,359
1,782
1,782
577
39.5
39.3
39.3
40.0
265
251
251
307
258
242
242
298
218
210
210
276
–
–
–
–
301
284
284
340
10
13
13
–
35
43
43
9
31
27
27
41
17
13
13
30
7
3
3
18
2
2
2
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
133
40.0
337
328
300
–
380
–
1
23
42
23
7
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Corrections Officers ...................................
State and local government ......................
1,609
1,609
39.9
39.9
436
436
403
403
368
368
–
–
482
482
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
48
48
11
11
21
21
16
16
3
3
1
1
1
1
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Firefighters ..................................................
State and local government ......................
700
700
52.9
52.9
731
731
702
702
590
590
–
–
794
794
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
3
1
1
4
4
12
12
8
8
10
10
11
11
17
17
12
12
6
6
1
1
3
3
2
2
( 3)
( 3)
4
4
6
6
Police Officers
Level I .......................................................
State and local government ..................
1,466
1,457
39.2
39.2
606
606
563
562
535
535
–
–
668
668
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
8
8
9
9
30
30
15
14
11
11
7
7
4
4
9
9
2
2
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..................
18
18
38.8
38.8
674
674
672
672
531
531
–
–
823
823
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
44
44
6
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
11
33
33
6
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PROTECTIVE SERVICE
OCCUPATIONS
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing
payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not
bonuses, under cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and
methods used to compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were
reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately.
9
Table A-3. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
200
and
under
225
225
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
–
–
–
–
19
12
6
6
44
48
19
21
6
6
–
–
3
3
–
–
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Clerks, Accounting
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
36
33
38.6
38.7
$316
322
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
Transportation and utilities ...........
828
554
209
206
345
52
39.5
39.4
39.7
39.6
39.3
39.5
371
369
415
416
340
358
$360
351
400
400
330
360
$321
308
334
334
294
294
–
–
–
–
–
–
$418
410
504
504
380
405
3
5
5
5
5
–
2
3
–
–
5
–
1
2
3
3
1
–
8
11
2
2
16
31
16
14
11
11
16
13
15
14
10
10
17
2
11
10
9
8
11
13
11
11
8
8
13
10
10
9
9
9
8
15
7
3
3
3
2
–
7
6
12
13
3
12
1
2
2
2
2
4
4
6
11
12
2
–
3
5
13
13
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
722
279
103
92
176
39.5
39.0
38.8
38.6
39.1
443
472
499
505
456
440
454
483
483
442
397
413
413
413
414
–
–
–
–
–
482
520
563
574
488
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
1
–
–
2
( 3)
–
–
–
–
6
1
–
–
2
9
1
1
–
1
10
6
2
–
9
20
23
28
29
19
11
15
4
3
22
14
9
1
1
14
15
13
20
22
9
7
15
17
14
15
4
9
17
18
5
2
3
5
5
2
1
1
4
4
–
( 3)
1
1
1
1
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
State and local government ..................
309
32
277
39.9
39.5
40.0
503
633
488
498
–
482
441
–
441
–
–
–
551
–
527
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
6
13
3
14
9
–
10
15
–
16
9
–
10
23
19
23
17
6
19
5
25
2
2
16
–
3
28
–
( 3)
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Clerks, General
Level I .......................................................
State and local government ..................
119
115
39.7
39.7
287
288
276
276
247
247
–
–
330
330
1
–
26
27
7
7
29
28
11
11
22
23
3
3
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
Transportation and utilities ...........
State and local government ..................
1,028
154
130
43
874
39.7
38.4
38.4
39.9
39.9
339
323
319
340
342
338
298
300
313
339
295
269
268
294
300
–
–
–
–
–
386
368
368
382
395
–
–
–
–
–
1
7
6
–
( 3)
4
23
28
14
1
23
20
13
12
24
16
9
11
26
17
13
12
15
7
13
12
5
6
9
13
16
8
9
19
18
12
2
2
–
14
1
5
5
14
( 3)
1
5
6
–
( 3)
( 3)
2
–
–
–
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
State and local government ..................
2,121
444
52
50
1,677
39.8
39.2
39.7
39.7
39.9
390
426
439
440
381
386
434
463
481
386
330
326
390
390
334
–
–
–
–
–
431
520
481
481
431
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
2
–
–
–
3
11
–
–
1
18
12
4
4
19
12
10
15
16
13
12
9
–
–
13
12
4
13
14
14
10
2
2
–
12
19
4
15
14
24
5
6
–
–
5
2
10
40
42
( 3)
4
15
2
2
3
( )
3
15
4
4
–
( 3)
( 3)
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
265
39.8
507
545
473
–
545
–
–
–
1
–
–
4
11
5
2
7
7
42
22
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
Clerks, Order
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
172
172
157
157
39.7
39.7
39.7
39.7
355
355
358
358
327
327
324
324
300
300
300
300
–
–
–
–
366
366
366
366
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
3
4
4
13
13
14
14
33
33
33
33
14
14
12
12
16
16
15
15
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
10
Table A-3. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
200
and
under
225
225
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
Key Entry Operators
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
463
432
51
51
381
31
38.4
38.3
39.5
39.5
38.2
39.7
$353
354
309
309
360
346
$340
343
305
305
348
–
$316
316
273
273
319
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$377
377
324
324
378
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
12
12
( 3)
–
4
4
16
16
2
3
12
12
20
20
11
10
17
17
35
35
14
19
22
21
2
2
23
39
19
20
2
2
22
3
8
8
–
–
9
3
6
6
10
10
6
13
2
2
–
–
2
6
4
5
2
2
5
–
3
3
–
–
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
179
162
112
17
39.3
39.3
39.0
40.0
408
406
395
425
421
422
396
411
353
350
320
357
–
–
–
–
462
462
462
519
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
1
–
7
7
11
–
9
10
14
–
7
7
10
12
11
9
8
29
7
7
10
6
23
24
15
12
8
8
2
12
13
15
12
–
6
6
9
–
7
4
6
29
2
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Personnel Assistants (Employment)
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..................
26
7
39.1
37.5
390
393
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
–
–
–
–
–
62
71
8
–
–
–
4
–
4
14
4
14
4
–
4
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Secretaries
Level I .......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
210
116
107
94
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.7
382
391
386
371
382
394
392
374
353
360
358
324
–
–
–
–
415
417
417
403
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
2
4
3
4
4
4
4
5
3
8
1
1
17
5
7
7
2
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
20
28
26
11
5
7
7
3
6
3
2
9
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
( 3)
1
–
–
( 3)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
900
378
36
32
342
522
39.3
38.7
39.0
38.8
38.7
39.7
465
475
526
522
469
458
471
462
–
–
461
471
421
414
–
–
414
424
–
–
–
–
–
–
493
534
–
–
524
482
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
–
–
–
–
( 3)
2
1
6
6
1
2
7
5
6
6
5
8
6
9
6
6
9
5
13
16
11
13
17
10
9
8
3
3
8
9
17
14
6
6
15
20
24
12
6
6
13
33
11
14
11
9
14
9
8
17
22
16
16
2
2
2
11
13
1
1
( 3)
1
3
3
( 3)
3
( )
( 3)
1
11
13
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
735
655
97
96
558
80
39.0
38.9
39.1
39.1
38.9
39.7
522
519
581
580
508
553
523
520
572
572
515
576
454
450
473
470
445
476
–
–
–
–
–
–
574
565
661
660
548
614
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
4
1
1
–
–
1
1
4
4
3
3
5
–
7
7
5
5
7
7
12
12
1
1
14
5
9
9
16
17
7
7
11
12
3
3
13
7
25
26
12
13
29
14
15
14
16
17
14
19
8
7
13
14
6
15
5
4
9
9
3
15
2
2
13
13
( 3)
2
1
1
4
4
–
2
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level IV .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
365
153
117
212
39.3
38.4
38.5
40.0
564
633
619
514
539
643
625
527
515
556
538
493
–
–
–
–
615
701
693
539
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
1
–
–
1
1
–
–
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
3
7
4
5
9
5
1
–
8
37
18
23
50
18
14
14
21
7
16
17
1
8
20
18
( 3)
7
17
14
( 3)
2
5
2
–
2
5
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level V ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
42
36
33
6
38.9
38.8
38.8
40.0
700
697
688
720
672
–
–
–
656
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
779
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
6
6
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
6
17
12
14
12
–
38
39
42
33
10
11
12
–
19
17
18
33
5
3
–
17
2
3
–
–
2
3
3
–
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table A-3. All establishments: Weekly hours and pay of clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
200
and
under
225
225
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
375
375
400
400
425
425
450
450
475
475
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
900
900
1000
1000
1100
Switchboard Operator-Receptionists .......
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
Transportation and utilities ...............
State and local government ......................
456
423
124
99
299
25
33
39.2
39.2
39.4
39.2
39.1
39.3
39.3
$329
327
333
339
324
323
359
$329
329
329
330
329
–
–
$292
292
292
310
280
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$365
365
384
387
359
–
–
3
3
6
8
2
–
3
4
4
5
6
4
–
–
12
13
–
–
18
28
–
9
9
19
8
5
4
9
17
17
15
19
18
20
15
22
22
20
18
23
4
21
11
11
8
8
12
24
12
8
6
12
15
4
16
24
11
11
12
15
10
4
9
1
1
–
–
1
–
–
1
1
–
–
1
–
3
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Word Processors
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
60
58
52
37.8
37.8
37.8
458
457
462
465
462
478
412
412
433
–
–
–
502
504
513
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
3
4
3
3
4
7
7
8
–
–
–
15
16
6
7
7
8
18
17
19
22
21
23
20
21
23
5
5
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported
or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
12
Table A-4. All establishments: Hourly pay of maintenance and toolroom occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
6.50
and
under
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
8.50
8.50
9.00
9.00
9.50
9.50 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00
and
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 over
General Maintenance Workers ..................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
State and local government ......................
261
201
27
25
174
60
$10.01
9.77
9.53
9.43
9.81
10.80
$10.02
9.64
–
–
10.00
10.48
$8.37
8.13
–
–
8.13
9.51
– $11.35
–
11.06
–
–
–
–
–
11.11
–
12.41
2
2
19
20
–
–
9
11
19
20
10
2
7
9
–
–
10
–
8
9
4
4
10
7
8
8
4
4
9
7
7
6
15
16
5
10
6
4
–
–
5
12
23
23
11
4
25
25
14
15
11
12
16
10
8
7
–
–
8
10
7
4
19
20
2
17
( 2)
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Maintenance Electricians ...........................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
577
556
460
458
96
19.48
19.67
19.89
19.92
18.63
20.02
20.02
20.02
20.02
21.01
16.52
17.32
18.19
18.33
15.58
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
1
( 2)
–
–
2
2
1
1
1
3
6
6
5
5
13
2
1
1
1
5
6
6
7
7
2
10
10
9
9
10
2
1
1
1
2
6
6
7
7
–
12
12
14
14
3
22
23
27
27
2
10
11
2
2
55
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
2
21
22
26
26
–
–
–
–
–
–
Maintenance Electronics Technicians
Level I .......................................................
48
10.90
11.77
8.65
–
13.11
–
2
4
15
13
6
6
2
2
25
21
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
State and local government ..................
610
566
206
206
44
18.49
18.91
17.98
17.98
13.05
19.69
19.69
16.54
16.54
12.23
16.54
17.70
16.54
16.54
10.79
–
–
–
–
–
19.84
19.84
19.20
19.20
14.36
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
–
–
–
5
2
–
–
–
23
1
–
–
–
18
1
1
–
–
14
2
1
–
–
11
2
1
2
2
7
1
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
7
19
20
53
53
5
2
2
2
2
7
3
3
8
8
–
57
61
12
12
–
8
8
22
22
5
1
1
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
105
65
54
19.22
22.18
21.96
19.53
23.52
22.91
15.06
20.00
19.53
–
–
–
23.82
24.51
24.67
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
8
–
–
10
–
–
5
–
–
7
–
–
9
6
7
6
8
7
4
3
4
5
8
9
6
9
11
5
8
9
4
6
2
9
14
17
12
20
13
Maintenance Mechanics, Machinery .........
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
1,329
1,320
1,236
1,230
20.69
20.71
20.78
20.82
20.54
20.54
20.28
20.38
18.33
18.33
18.33
18.33
–
–
–
–
24.72
24.72
24.72
24.72
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
3
3
3
3
7
7
7
7
1
1
( 2)
( 2)
2
2
1
1
7
7
8
8
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
12
12
13
13
15
15
17
17
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
37
37
39
40
2
2
2
2
Maintenance Mechanics, Motor Vehicle ...
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Service-producing industries ................
Transportation and utilities ...............
State and local government ......................
445
316
67
249
234
129
13.23
13.31
13.13
13.35
13.35
13.04
13.00
13.20
13.00
14.00
14.05
12.67
11.36
11.36
12.40
11.25
11.00
11.72
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.11
15.50
13.40
15.50
15.50
14.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
6
–
8
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
4
1
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
9
6
4
6
7
15
13
12
12
12
9
15
13
10
13
10
10
20
13
15
54
4
5
10
14
12
3
14
15
20
16
20
–
26
27
4
3
2
3
2
–
6
1
( 2)
1
–
–
2
1
–
–
–
–
3
6
8
4
9
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Maintenance Pipefitters .............................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
244
244
244
244
20.80
20.80
20.80
20.80
20.18
20.18
20.18
20.18
20.02
20.02
20.02
20.02
–
–
–
–
20.99
20.99
20.99
20.99
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22
22
22
22
60
60
60
60
1
1
1
1
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
1
1
15
15
15
15
–
–
–
–
21.01
21.01
24.38
24.38
21.01
1
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
2
Less than 0.5 percent.
3
11
18
20
3
Workers were distributed as follows: 17 percent at $25.00 and under $26.00 and 4 percent at $26.00 and under $27.00.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
13
Table A-5. All establishments: Hourly pay of material movement and custodial occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
4.25
and
under
4.50
4.50
5.00
5.00
5.50
5.50
6.00
6.00
6.50
6.50
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
9.00
– $15.13
–
15.13
–
15.69
–
15.69
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
( )
2
( )
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
1
1
7
7
8
8
3
3
3
3
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
17
17
20
20
13
13
1
1
9
9
10
10
1
1
2
2
10
10
12
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
15
15
18
18
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
–
Middle range
9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00
and
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 over
Forklift Operators .......................................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
990
990
825
825
$12.90
12.90
13.17
13.17
$12.36
12.36
11.67
11.67
$10.65
10.65
10.65
10.65
Guards
Level I:
Private industry:
Goods-producing industries ..............
State and local government ..................
35
63
9.08
7.81
–
7.52
–
6.15
–
–
–
9.34
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
6
–
32
6
8
–
3
3
16
34
8
9
11
14
8
6
6
3
2
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
Private industry .....................................
109
58
10.77
12.26
9.33
13.42
8.25
8.71
–
–
14.06
15.01
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
17
–
–
2
3
37
7
6
3
6
3
4
3
9
9
3
5
12
22
6
10
8
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Janitors ........................................................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
State and local government ......................
3,970
2,940
233
233
2,707
1,030
6.09
5.77
9.84
9.84
5.43
6.98
5.62
5.00
9.02
9.02
5.00
6.91
4.50
4.35
8.45
8.45
4.25
5.78
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.08
6.62
12.66
12.66
6.33
7.55
20
27
–
–
30
–
11
15
–
–
17
( 2)
14
17
–
–
19
6
9
5
2
2
5
22
9
8
4
4
8
11
8
7
2
2
7
13
8
6
6
6
6
13
7
3
8
8
3
18
6
5
28
28
3
8
4
2
8
8
2
9
1
1
12
12
( 2)
1
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
2
( )
( 2)
1
2
25
25
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Material Handling Laborers .......................
Private industry .........................................
Service-producing industries ................
Transportation and utilities ...............
339
284
173
26
11.17
11.69
7.81
12.43
8.25
8.25
7.25
–
7.00
6.98
6.50
–
–
–
–
–
18.14
19.42
8.06
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
2
–
3
4
6
–
1
1
1
–
8
10
16
–
11
12
20
–
10
7
9
–
12
12
20
–
9
7
10
–
8
4
4
15
3
1
1
4
1
1
–
–
3
3
5
35
4
4
7
46
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
3
3
–
–
24
29
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Order Fillers ................................................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
602
602
119
119
483
9.57
9.57
10.90
10.90
9.25
8.75
8.75
9.25
9.25
8.49
6.77
6.77
8.75
8.75
6.56
–
–
–
–
–
12.40
12.40
13.18
13.18
12.40
–
–
–
–
–
5
5
–
–
6
2
2
–
–
2
5
5
–
–
6
9
9
7
7
10
5
5
3
3
5
2
2
–
–
2
4
4
–
–
5
23
23
36
36
20
6
6
18
18
3
2
2
8
8
( 2)
1
1
2
2
1
31
31
–
–
39
( 2)
( 2)
1
1
–
( 2)
( 2)
3
3
–
1
1
4
4
–
1
1
3
3
–
( 2)
( 2)
3
3
–
2
2
9
9
–
( 2)
( 2)
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Shipping/Receiving Clerks ........................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
290
289
229
229
60
11.23
11.24
11.71
11.71
9.48
10.95
10.95
10.95
10.95
10.44
8.75
8.75
9.69
9.69
7.76
–
–
–
–
–
12.25
12.25
13.22
13.22
11.25
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
7
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
–
–
10
1
1
2
2
–
8
8
8
8
8
13
12
13
13
10
11
11
11
11
12
21
21
26
26
–
16
16
7
7
50
5
5
7
7
–
3
3
4
4
–
4
4
5
5
–
5
5
7
7
–
1
1
1
1
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
2
2
2
2
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
4
5
5
–
Truckdrivers
Light Truck ................................................
Private industry .....................................
Service-producing industries ............
State and local government ..................
154
128
112
26
7.00
6.86
6.36
7.70
6.70
6.35
6.25
7.81
6.25
6.25
6.25
7.06
–
–
–
–
8.00
7.14
7.00
8.25
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
20
22
–
1
–
–
4
30
34
38
12
6
7
8
4
18
18
21
19
3
1
1
15
14
9
10
42
5
5
–
–
5
5
–
4
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Medium Truck ...........................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
260
256
117
9.97
9.98
10.67
10.01
10.01
10.75
8.45
8.45
10.00
–
–
–
10.90
10.90
11.45
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
4
–
–
–
–
10
10
10
18
18
5
12
13
9
37
37
47
9
9
9
8
8
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
See footnotes at end of table.
14
Table A-5. All establishments: Hourly pay of material movement and custodial occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 — Continued
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
4.25
and
under
4.50
4.50
5.00
5.00
5.50
5.50
6.00
6.00
6.50
6.50
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
9.00
– $10.25
–
10.25
–
10.25
–
10.05
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
6
–
–
17
19
3
–
2
2
5
8
23
22
19
7
18
18
25
18
17
16
30
52
8
6
14
–
3
2
3
7
2
2
2
9
5
5
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.31
8.18
–
–
14.15
11.17
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
1
10
35
12
10
11
21
4
19
7
12
6
–
41
–
6
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.63
10.76
10.00
10.14
10.30
10.30
10.00
10.00
–
–
–
–
11.75
10.76
15.50
15.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12
16
4
–
10
–
11
4
49
61
49
56
5
–
4
3
4
3
4
3
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
14
19
27
33
2
–
( 2)
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.30
10.30
10.10
10.08
12.08
9.38
9.38
9.70
9.70
8.23
–
–
–
–
–
13.86
13.86
13.86
13.86
12.28
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
2
2
2
–
–
7
2
2
–
–
7
4
3
–
–
9
11
10
9
10
12
25
25
36
36
6
10
9
11
11
4
4
2
2
1
1
12
12
–
–
35
20
22
33
34
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
3
4
5
5
2
5
6
1
1
14
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
–
1
1
1
1
–
Mean
Median
864
787
332
90
$9.30
9.23
9.74
10.08
$9.00
9.00
9.85
10.05
$8.00
7.35
8.75
9.50
98
77
12.34
9.95
13.45
10.18
Tractor Trailer:
Private industry:
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries ............
Transportation and utilities ...........
118
88
880
721
11.25
11.25
11.66
12.05
Warehouse Specialists ..............................
Private industry .........................................
Goods-producing industries ..................
Manufacturing ...................................
Service-producing industries ................
720
657
425
420
232
11.25
11.40
11.66
11.66
10.94
Heavy Truck .............................................
Private industry .....................................
Goods-producing industries ..............
Manufacturing ...............................
Service-producing industries:
Transportation and utilities ...........
State and local government ..................
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
1
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing
payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not
bonuses, under cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and
methods used to compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
2
9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00
and
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 over
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were
reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories
not shown separately.
15
Table A-6. Health services: Weekly hours and pay of professional, administrative, technical, protective service, and clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
hours1
of
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
175
and
under
200
200
225
225
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
1000
1000
1100
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14
14
–
–
43
43
29
29
14
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$647
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
10
25
10
38
30
8
20
21
20
4
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Middle range
PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS
Accountants
Level I .......................................................
State and local government ..............
7
7
39.6
39.6
$531
531
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
24
10
40.0
40.0
594
608
Level III .....................................................
24
40.0
801
Level IV .....................................................
State and local government ..............
6
6
40.0
40.0
862
862
Registered Nurses
Level I .......................................................
195
40.0
590
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
Hospitals:
State and local government ..............
2,909
1,197
40.0
40.0
708
719
1,119
40.0
723
706
640
Level III .....................................................
140
39.9
965
971
916
Buyers/Contracting Specialists
Level II ......................................................
8
40.0
576
–
–
Computer Programmers
Level II ......................................................
21
40.0
513
482
Level III .....................................................
State and local government ..............
15
15
40.0
40.0
688
688
Computer Systems Analysts
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
19
19
40.0
40.0
Personnel Specialists
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
31
15
Level III .....................................................
State and local government ..............
49
8
–
–
$585
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$539
–
–
–
769
750
–
902
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
4
–
–
42
8
13
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
17
–
–
–
–
–
–
67
67
–
–
17
17
581
556
–
611
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
14
50
17
8
8
–
–
–
–
–
709
703
631
640
–
–
785
804
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
6
5
9
7
15
21
15
17
17
13
15
12
12
11
5
8
4
7
( 3)
1
–
812
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
6
20
17
12
12
11
9
7
1
–
1,036
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
6
10
39
39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
38
38
13
13
–
–
–
–
–
–
442
–
612
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
48
10
10
5
14
10
5
–
–
–
–
–
710
710
589
589
–
–
736
736
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
27
27
7
7
7
7
40
40
7
7
13
13
–
–
–
–
–
–
804
804
805
805
720
720
–
–
880
880
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
11
26
26
11
11
16
16
26
26
5
5
5
5
39.9
39.8
577
656
576
658
500
576
–
–
658
720
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
–
–
–
29
7
19
27
10
13
6
13
10
20
10
20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
39.9
40.0
737
770
698
–
658
–
–
–
823
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
13
2
–
29
25
–
–
16
13
24
38
–
–
8
13
–
–
ADMINISTRATIVE OCCUPATIONS
See footnotes at end of table.
16
Table A-6. Health services: Weekly hours and pay of professional, administrative, technical, protective service, and clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 —
Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
of
hours1
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
175
and
under
200
200
225
225
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
1000
1000
1100
TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
Computer Operators
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
Hospitals:
State and local government ..............
Licensed Practical Nurses
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
Hospitals:
State and local government ..............
Nursing Assistants
Level I .......................................................
37
34
40.0
40.0
$416
412
$418
403
$353
353
–
–
$471
471
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
6
11
12
22
24
24
26
32
26
3
3
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30
40.0
403
403
353
–
432
–
–
–
–
–
7
13
27
30
17
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,187
216
39.8
40.0
455
464
445
464
404
410
–
–
505
515
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
2
18
17
32
22
22
31
21
18
4
10
( 3)
( 3)
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
190
40.0
465
465
407
–
523
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
19
18
31
20
10
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
93
39.4
231
214
195
–
270
30
26
12
13
3
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
Hospitals:
State and local government ..............
2,025
577
39.5
40.0
274
307
270
298
234
276
–
–
310
340
3
–
18
–
16
9
16
5
19
36
10
11
9
19
8
18
2
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
463
40.0
304
289
276
–
338
–
–
10
6
40
8
16
19
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
133
40.0
337
328
300
–
380
–
–
1
10
14
26
17
23
7
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
69
47
39.9
40.0
383
385
386
386
340
345
–
–
422
431
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
–
16
17
12
11
32
32
29
34
9
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
31
40.0
387
395
345
–
431
–
–
–
–
–
13
16
26
39
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
State and local government ..............
35
26
39.8
39.7
421
422
412
417
395
386
–
–
458
471
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
4
23
27
40
35
34
35
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Clerks, General
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
205
205
40.0
40.0
339
339
338
338
292
292
–
–
395
395
–
–
–
–
1
1
1
1
29
29
14
14
13
13
30
30
12
12
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
State and local government ..............
566
511
40.0
40.0
361
367
361
369
316
316
–
–
395
403
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
3
( 3)
31
29
11
12
31
33
22
24
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Key Entry Operators
Level I .......................................................
44
40.0
347
317
282
–
397
–
–
2
11
18
23
5
18
9
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CLERICAL OCCUPATIONS
Clerks, Accounting
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
Hospitals:
State and local government ..............
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Table A-6. Health services: Weekly hours and pay of professional, administrative, technical, protective service, and clerical occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995 —
Continued
Occupation and level
Average
Number weekly
of
hours1
workers (standard)
Weekly pay
(in dollars)2
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time weekly pay (in dollars) of—
Middle range
175
and
under
200
200
225
225
250
250
275
275
300
300
325
325
350
350
400
400
450
450
500
500
550
550
600
600
650
650
700
700
750
750
800
800
850
850
900
900
1000
1000
1100
Secretaries
Level I .......................................................
State and local government ..............
31
30
39.8
39.8
$342
344
$353
355
$301
318
–
–
$382
382
–
–
–
–
–
–
13
13
10
7
16
17
6
7
48
50
6
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level II ......................................................
State and local government ..............
114
46
39.9
39.8
429
449
418
471
403
422
–
–
471
482
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
20
11
46
28
29
54
4
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Level III .....................................................
56
39.9
489
506
438
–
525
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
27
20
45
2
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Switchboard Operator-Receptionists .......
61
39.6
280
275
250
–
309
–
5
18
31
7
30
7
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for
overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing
payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not
bonuses, under cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and
methods used to compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were
reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately.
18
Table A-7. Health services: Hourly pay of maintenance, toolroom, material movement, and custodial occupations, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, August 1995
Hourly pay
(in dollars)1
Occupation and level
Number
of
workers
Mean
Median
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly pay (in dollars) of—
4.25
and
under
4.50
4.50
4.75
4.75
5.00
5.00
5.25
5.25
5.50
5.50
6.00
6.00
6.50
6.50
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
8.50
8.50
9.00
9.00
9.50
– $11.68
–
10.76
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
–
–
–
2
5
9
15
9
15
4
10
9
25
29
20
2
–
13
5
11
–
2
5
–
–
–
–
Middle range
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 over
MAINTENANCE AND TOOLROOM
OCCUPATIONS
General Maintenance Workers ..................
State and local government ..................
55
20
$10.26
10.04
$10.71
10.31
$9.38
9.10
–
–
Maintenance Electricians ...........................
8
14.54
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
69
7.07
6.96
6.44
–
7.82
–
–
–
6
–
6
26
13
10
19
10
4
4
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
2
75
MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND
CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS
Guards
Level I .......................................................
Janitors ........................................................
State and local government ..................
Hospitals:
State and local government ..................
683
256
6.40
6.52
6.04
6.24
5.50
5.53
–
–
7.28
7.55
( )
–
1
–
1
–
12
( 3)
9
7
24
38
11
8
9
11
10
9
10
18
3
7
6
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
236
6.43
6.09
5.53
–
7.46
–
–
–
( 3)
8
40
8
11
10
18
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing payments,
attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases, but not bonuses, under
cost-of-living clauses, and incentive payments, however, are included. See Appendix A for definitions and methods used to
compute means, medians, and middle ranges.
2
Workers were distributed as follows: 63 percent at $14.00 and under $15.00 and 13 percent at $15.00 and under $16.00.
3
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual intervals may not equal 100 percent. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupation or occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately.
19
Appendix A.
Scope and Method
of Survey
Scope
This survey of the Richmond—Petersburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area
covered establishments employing 50 workers or more in goods producing
industries (mining, construction, and manufacturing); service producing industries
(transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale
trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services industries,
including health services); and State and local governments. 1 Private households,
agriculture, the Federal Government, and the self-employed were excluded from
the survey. Table 1 in this appendix shows the estimated number of establishments
and workers within scope of the survey and the number actually included in the
survey sample.
administrative, technical, protective service, and clerical occupations. In other
words, the larger the number of employees expected to be found in designated
occupations, the larger the establishment sample in that stratum.
An upward adjustment to the establishment sample size also was made in strata
expected to have relatively high sampling error for certain occupations, based on
previous survey experiences. (See section on "Reliability of estimates" below for
discussion of sampling error.)
Data collection and payroll reference
Data for the survey were obtained primarily by personal visits of the Bureau's
field economists to a sample of establishments within the Richmond–Petersburg,
VA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Collection for the survey was from June 1995
through September 1995 and reflects an average payroll reference month of August
1995. Data obtained for a payroll period prior to the end of August 1995 were
updated to include general wage changes, if granted, scheduled to be effective
through that date.
Sampling frame
The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (the
sampling frame) was developed from the State unemployment insurance reports for
the Richmond–Petersburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area (August 1991).
Establishments with 50 workers or more during the sampling frame's reference
period were included in the survey sample even if they employed fewer than 50
workers at the time of the survey.
The sampling frame was reviewed for completeness and accuracy prior to the
survey and, when necessary, corrections were made: Missing establishments were
added; out-of-business and out-of-scope establishments were removed; and
addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and other information were
updated.
Occupational Pay
Occupational pay data are shown for full-time workers, i.e., those hired to work a
regular weekly schedule. Pay data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work
on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Also excluded are bonuses and lump-sum
payments of the type negotiated in the auto and aerospace industries, as well as
profit-sharing payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or year-end bonuses, and
other nonproduction bonuses. Pay increases—but not bonuses—under cost-ofliving allowance clauses and incentive payments, however, are included in the pay
data.
Unless otherwise indicated, the pay data following the job titles are for all
industries combined. Pay data for some of the occupations for all industries
combined (or for some industry divisions within the scope of the survey) are not
presented in the A-series tables because either (1) data did not provide statistically
Survey design
The survey design includes classifying individual establishments into groups
(strata) based on industry and employment size, determining the size of the sample
for each group (stratum), and selecting an establishment sample from each stratum.
The establishment sample size in a stratum was determined by expected number of
employees to be found (based on previous occupational pay surveys) in
professional,
A-1
adjusted to account for the missing data. The weights for establishments which
were out of business or outside the scope of the survey were changed to zero.
Some sampled establishments had a policy of not disclosing salary data for
certain employees. No adjustments were made to pay estimates for the survey as a
result of these missing data which affected one of the occupational work levels
published in this bulletin. The proportion of employees for whom pay data were not
available was less than 5 percent. The one job was Attorneys II (5.9 percent).
reliable results, or (2) there was the possibility of disclosure of individual
establishment data. Pay data not shown separately for industry divisions are
included in data for all industries combined.
Average pay reflect areawide estimates. Industries and establishments differ in
pay levels and job staffing, and thus contribute differently to the estimates for each
job. Therefore, average pay may not reflect the pay differential among jobs within
individual establishments. A-series tables provide distributions of workers by pay
intervals
The mean is computed for each job by totaling the pay of all workers and
dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position—one-half of
the workers receive the same as or more and one-half receive the same as or less
than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; one-fourth of
the workers earn the same as or less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth
earn the same as or more than the higher rate. Medians and middle ranges are not
provided when they do not meet reliability criteria.
Occupations surveyed are common to a variety of public and private industries,
and were selected from the following employment groups: (1) Professional and
administrative; (2) technical and protective service; (3) clerical; (4) maintenance
and toolroom; and (5) material movement and custodial.
Occupational
classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take
account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. Occupations
selected for study are listed and described in appendix B, along with corresponding
occupational codes and titles from the 1980 edition of the Standard Occupational
Classification Manual. Job descriptions used to classify employees in this survey
usually are more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow
for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed.
Average weekly hours for professional, administrative, technical, protective
service, and clerical occupations refer to the standard workweek (rounded to the
nearest tenth of an hour) for which employees receive regular straight-time pay.
Average weekly pay for these occupations are rounded to the nearest dollar.
Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments
within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because
occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of occupational
employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to
indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied.
Reliability of estimates
The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically selected probability
sample. There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample
survey—sampling and nonsampling.
Sampling errors occur because observations come only from a sample, not the
entire population. The particular sample used in this survey is one of a number of
all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the
sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from
each other.
A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard
error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a
particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. The
relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error divided by the estimate. For
example, if the estimated average weekly salary of Secretaries Level IV is $500
and the standard error is $8, the RSE is 1.6 percent, or $8/$500x100 = 1.6%.
Estimates of relative standard errors for this survey vary among the occupational
work levels depending on such factors as the frequency with which the job occurs,
the dispersion of salaries for the job, and the survey design. The distribution of
published work levels for one relative standard error was as follows:
Relative standard
error
Less than 1 percent
1 and under 3 percent
3 and under 5 percent
5 percent and over
Survey nonresponse
Data were not available from 12.4 percent of the sample establishments
(representing 43,506 employees covered by the survey). An additional 4.8 percent
of the sample establishments (representing 8,041 employees) were either out of
business or outside the scope of the survey.
If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights (based on the
probability of selection in the sample) of responding sample establishments were
Percent of published
occupational work levels
15.0
54.0
24.8
6.2
The standard error can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a
sample estimate. For example, a 95 percent confidence interval is centered at the
sample estimate and includes all values within 2 times the estimate's standard error.
If all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval
from each sample would include the true population value approximately 95
percent of the time.
A-2
matching company jobs to survey occupations. Once identified, the problems are
discussed promptly with the field economists while the data are still being
collected. Subsequently, the JMV results are tallied, reported to BLS staff, and
become the basis for remedial action for future surveys.
Approximately 4 percent of the 474 sampled job match decisions reviewed by the
JMV reviewers and checked with the respondents were subsequently changed by
the JMV reviewers. These results are from a similar survey conducted in 1994, see
Occupational Compensation Survey: Pay Only, Richmond—Petersburg, VA, BLS
Bulletin 3075-52.
Using the RSE example above, there is 95 percent confidence that the true
population value for Secretaries Level IV is between $484 and $516 (i.e., $500 plus
or minus 2 x $8).
Nonsampling errors can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain
information from some establishments; difficulties with survey definitions;
inability of respondents to provide correct information; mistakes in recording or
coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, and
estimation of missing data. Although not specifically measured, the survey's
nonsampling errors are expected to be minimal due to the high response rate, the
extensive and continuous training of field economists who gather survey data by
personal visit, careful screening of data at several levels of review, annual
evaluation of the suitability of job definitions, and thorough field testing of new or
revised job definitions.
To measure and better control nonsampling errors that occur during data
collection, a quality control procedure was applied to the survey design. The
procedure, job match validation (JMV), is designed to identify the frequency,
reasons for, and sources of incorrect decisions made by Bureau field economists in
1 For this survey, an establishment is an economic unit which produces goods or services, a central
administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. In manufacturing
industries, the establishment is usually at a single physical location. In service-producing industries, all
locations of an individual company in a Metropolitan Statistical Area are usually considered an
establishment. In government, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government entity.
A-3
Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA1, August 1995
Number of establishments
Industry
division2
Within scope of
survey3
Workers in establishments
Within scope of survey4
Studied
Studied
Number
Percent
All divisions .........................................................................................
1,004
286
307,785
100
176,473
Private industry .............................................................................
Goods producing ....................................................................
Manufacturing ...................................................................
Mining5 ..............................................................................
Construction5 ....................................................................
Service producing ...................................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and
sanitary services7 .......................................................
Wholesale trade8 ..............................................................
Retail trade8 ......................................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate8 ................................
Services8 ..........................................................................
959
271
209
8
54
688
255
80
63
4
13
175
242,960
61,207
54,721
733
5,753
181,753
79
20
18
( 6)
2
59
114,004
36,880
35,087
501
1,292
77,124
76
46
165
92
309
27
13
15
22
98
17,347
7,742
50,239
33,356
73,069
6
3
16
11
24
11,107
4,658
13,253
15,712
32,394
State and local government ..........................................................
45
31
64,825
21
62,469
88
81
7
20
17
3
34
27
7
12
9
3
32,406
23,062
9,344
21,757
13,836
7,921
11
7
3
7
4
3
18,669
9,325
9,344
14,105
6,184
7,921
Health
services9
............................................................................
Private industry .................................................................
State and local government ..............................................
Hospitals .................................................................................
Private industry .................................................................
State and local government ..............................................
1
The Richmond-Petersburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget through October 1984, consists of the
cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond, and the
counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover,
Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George. The "workers within
scope of survey" estimates provide a reasonably accurate description of the
size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are
not intended, however, for comparison with other statistical series to measure
employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires
establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period
studied, and (2) establishments employing fewer than 50 workers are
excluded from the scope of the survey.
2
The Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying
establishments by industry.
3
Includes all establishments with at least 50 total employees. In goods
producing, an establishment is defined as a single physical location where
industrial operations are performed. In service producing industries, an
establishment is defined as all locations of a company in the area within the
same industry division. In government, an establishment is generally defined
as all locations of a government entity.
4
Includes all workers in all establishments with total employment (within
an area) at or above the minimum limitations.
5
Separate data for this division are not shown in the A-series tables, but
the division is represented in the "all industries" and "goods producing"
estimates.
6
Less than 0.5 percent.
7
Abbreviated to "Transportation and utilities" in the A-series tables. This
division is represented in the "all industries" and "service producing"
estimates.
8
Separate data for this division are not shown in the A-series tables, but
the division is represented in the "all industries" and "service producing"
estimates.
9
Health services includes establishments primarily engaged in furnishing
medical, surgical, and other health services to persons.
Note: Overall industries may include data for industry divisions not shown
separately.
A-4