Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT
National Compensation Survey
August 1997
________________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
Revised March 1999
Bulletin 3090-29
Preface
T
For additional information regarding this survey, please
contact the BLS Boston Regional Office at (617) 5652327. You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
at: Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning,
2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington,
DC 20212-0001, or call (202) 606-6220, or send e-mail to
[email protected].
The data contained in this bulletin are also available at
the BLS Internet site (https://www.bls.gov/ocs/#data ).
Data are in three formats: an ASCII file containing the
published table formats; an ASCII file containing positional
columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing the entire bulletin.
Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)
606-7828; TDD phone: (202) 606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
his bulletin provides results of an August 1997 survey
of occupational pay in the Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical
Area (CMSA). Data shown in this bulletin were collected
as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) new program known as the National Compensation Survey (NCS).
The survey could not have been conducted without the
cooperation of the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay data included in this bulletin.
The Bureau thanks these respondents for their cooperation.
Survey data were collected and reviewed by Bureau of
Labor Statistics field economists under the direction of
John Barry, Assistant Regional Commissioner for Operations of the Boston Regional Office. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the
Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology
and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and analyzed the
survey results.
iii
Contents
Page
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................
Wages in the Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, CMSA ......................................................
1
2
Tables:
A-1. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, all industries ...........................................
A-2. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, private industry and
State and local government...........................................................................................................
A-3. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers,
all industries .................................................................................................................................
A-4. Weekly and annual earnings and hours for selected occupations,
full-time workers only, all industries ............................................................................................
B-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and levels, all industries,
private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................
B-2. Mean hourly earnings for selected occupations and levels, all industries,
private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................
C-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and selected characteristics,
all industries .................................................................................................................................
C-2. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and industry division,
private industry, all workers .........................................................................................................
C-3. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and establishment employment size,
private industry, all workers .........................................................................................................
C-4. Number of workers represented by occupational group ...............................................................
4
8
13
18
22
27
34
35
36
37
Appendix A:
Technical Note .....................................................................................................................................
Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied and represented............................................
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors......................................................................................
Appendix table 3. Average work levels ...........................................................................................
v
38
42
43
47
Introduction
T
NCS more extensive than OCS
The wage data in this bulletin differ from those in previous Occupational Compensation Surveys by providing
broader coverage of occupations and establishments within
the survey area.
Occupations surveyed for this bulletin were selected
using probability techniques from a list of all those present
in each establishment. Previous OCS bulletins were limited to a preselected list of occupations, which represented
a small subset of all occupations in the economy. Information in the new bulletin is published for a variety of occupation-based data. This new approach includes data on
broad occupational classifications such as white-collar
workers, major occupational groups such as sales workers,
and individual occupations such as cashiers.
In tables containing work levels within occupational series, the work levels are derived from generic standards that
apply to all occupational groups. The job levels in the
OCS bulletins were based on narrowly-defined descriptions
that were not comparable across specific occupations.
Occupational data in this bulletin are also tabulated for
other classifications such as industry group, full-time versus part-time workers, union versus nonunion status, time
versus incentive status, and establishment employment size.
Not all of these series were generated by the OCS program.
The establishments surveyed for this bulletin were limited to those with 50 or more employees. Eventually, NCS
will be expanded to cover those now-excluded establishments. Then, virtually all workers in the civilian economy
will be surveyed, excluding only agriculture, private households, and employees of the Federal Government.
his survey of occupational pay was conducted in the
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). The
CMSA includes Essex County, Middlesex County, Norfolk
County, Plymouth County, Suffolk County, twelve communities in Bristol County, one in Hampden County, and fifty
two in Worcester County, MA; eighteen in Hillsborough
County, two in Merrimack County, thirty four in Rockingham County, and ten in Strafford County, NH; five in York
County ME; and one in Windham County, CT. This bulletin consists primarily of tables whose data are analyzed in
the initial textual section. Tabulations provide information
on earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at a
wide range of work levels. Also contained in this bulletin
is information on the program, a technical note describing
survey procedures, and several appendixes with detailed information on occupational classifications and the generic
leveling methodology.
NCS design and products
The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) new National
Compensation Survey (NCS) is designed to provide data on
the levels and rates of change of occupational wages and
employee benefits for localities, broad geographic regions,
and the nation as a whole. One output of the NCS will be
the Employment Cost Index, a quarterly measure of the
change in employer costs for wages and benefits. This
bulletin is limited to data on wages and salaries. These
data are similar to those released under the Occupational
Compensation Survey (OCS), which has been discontinued.
1
Wages in the
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT,
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area
S
Survey results show that private industry workers in
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, earned
$17.57 per hour, while surveyed State and local government workers averaged $20.25. Table A-2 reports the average hourly rate for white-collar occupations as $20.84 in
private industry and $22.75 in State and local government.
Blue-collar occupations showed an average hourly rate of
$13.37 in private industry and $17.13 in State and local
government. Service occupations within private industry
averaged $8.70 per hour while those found in State and local government averaged $15.58.
traight-time wages in the Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical
Area averaged $17.99 per hour during August 1997.
White-collar workers had an average wage of $21.14 per
hour. Blue-collar workers averaged $13.68 per hour, while
service workers had average earnings of $10.57 per hour.
(All comparisons in this analysis cover hourly rates for
both full- and part-time workers, unless otherwise noted.)
Chart 1. Average hourly wage rates by occupational
group, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT,
August 1997
Chart 2. Average hourly rates for private industry and
State and local government, Boston-WorcesterLawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
Dollars per hour
$ 25
Dollars per hour
$
25
20
15
20
10
15
10
5
0
5
Whitecollar
Bluecollar
Service
workers
0
White-collar
Within each of these occupational groups, average
hourly wages for individual occupations varied. For example, white-collar occupations included registered nurses at
$22.27 per hour, secretaries at $14.68, and general office
clerks at $12.21. Among occupations in the blue-collar
category, truck drivers averaged $14.41 per hour while
stock handlers and baggers averaged $8.81. Finally, service occupations included janitors and cleaners at $10.69 per
hour and nursing aides, orderlies and attendants at $9.77.
Table A-1 presents earnings data for 165 detailed occupations; data for other detailed occupations surveyed could
not be reported separately due to concerns about the confidentiality of survey respondents and the reliability of the
data.
Private industry
Blue-collar
Service
State and local government
Table A-3 presents data for workers considered by the
survey respondents to be either full-time or part-time. Average wages for full-time workers, all occupations, were
$18.94 per hour, compared with an average of $10.89 per
hour for part-time workers.
Data for specific work levels within major occupational
groups are reported in table B-1. Occasionally, wage estimates for lower levels of work within major occupational
groups are greater than estimates for higher levels. This
can occur due to the mix of specific occupations (and industries) represented by the broad group as well as by the
variability of the estimate. Some levels within a group may
2
wages averaged $18.80 in all goods-producing industries,
$17.85 in mining, and $18.68 in manufacturing. Hourly
wages averaged $17.04 in all service-producing industries,
$18.87 in transportation and public utilities, $12.74 in
wholesale and retail trade, and $18.00 in services. Data for
other industry divisions did not meet publication criteria.
Table C-4 reports that a total of 1,723,639 workers were
represented by the Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NHME-CT, survey. White-collar occupations included
1,100,315 workers, or 64 percent; blue-collar occupations
included 341,334 workers, or 20 percent; and service occupations included 281,991 workers, or 16 percent.
not be published because no workers were identified at that
level or because there were not enough data to guarantee
confidentiality and reliability.
Work levels for all major groups span several levels,
with professional specialty occupations and executive, administrative, and managerial occupations typically starting
and ending at higher work levels than the other groups.
Published data for administrative support occupations, including clerical, ranged from level 1 to level 9. As illustrated in Chart 3, the average hourly rate was $8.58 for
level 2, $11.76 for level 4, $14.48 for level 6, and $17.56
for level 8.
Chart 4. Distribution of workers represented by
occupational group, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MANH-ME-CT, August 1997
Chart 3. Average hourly rates by work level for
administrative support occupations, including clerical,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August
1997
Percent
70
Dollars per hour
$20
60
50
15
40
10
30
20
5
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
Level
Surveyed union workers had an average hourly rate of
$18.33, as reported in table C-1. Wages for nonunion
workers averaged $17.88. Time workers, whose wages
were based solely on an hourly rate or a salary, averaged
$18.00 per hour. Incentive workers, whose wages were at
least partially based on productivity payments, averaged
$17.47 per hour.
Table C-2 shows wage data for specific industry divisions within private industry. In the private sector, hourly
Whitecollar
Bluecollar
Service
workers
Data are also presented in appendix table 1 on the number of establishments studied by industry group and employment size. The relative standard errors of published
mean hourly earnings for all industries, private industry,
and State and local government are available in appendix
table 2. The average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations are presented in appendix table 3.
3
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
All industries
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
All occupations ....................................................................... $17.99
All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 18.21
25
Median
50
$7.50 $10.10 $14.93
8.00 10.50 15.18
75
90
$21.92
22.16
$32.13
32.22
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
21.14
21.86
8.83
9.86
12.23
13.08
17.69
18.50
26.37
26.92
37.50
37.69
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Aerospace engineers ............................................
Civil engineers ......................................................
Electrical and electronic engineers .......................
Industrial engineers ..............................................
Mechanical engineers ...........................................
Engineers, N.E.C. .................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Computer systems analysts and scientists ...........
Operations and systems researchers and
analysts ..........................................................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Physicists and astronomers ..................................
Chemists, except biochemists ..............................
Medical scientists .................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Pharmacists ..........................................................
Respiratory therapists ...........................................
Occupational therapists ........................................
Physical therapists ................................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Medical science teachers .....................................
Art, drama and music teachers .............................
English teachers ...................................................
Foreign language teachers ...................................
Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. .........................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Teachers, special education .................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Librarians ..............................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Economists ...........................................................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................
Social workers ......................................................
Recreation workers ...............................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
Lawyers ................................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Technical writers ...................................................
Designers .............................................................
Editors and reporters ............................................
Public relations specialists ....................................
Athletes .................................................................
Professional occupations, N.E.C. .........................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Radiological technicians .......................................
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. .......
Electrical and electronic technicians .....................
25.06
27.29
29.95
35.99
27.04
31.63
27.17
28.31
30.70
29.07
29.76
13.57
15.15
19.72
30.38
15.17
20.57
18.68
20.05
19.87
18.75
20.18
16.97
19.23
23.32
33.22
22.31
24.23
21.10
23.00
24.52
23.10
24.04
23.08
25.61
28.43
34.33
30.56
30.40
24.96
25.99
28.30
28.42
29.18
30.69
32.92
34.20
39.24
30.56
36.27
30.50
31.73
36.06
33.68
34.19
39.34
41.60
42.19
44.29
30.56
45.55
39.44
40.10
43.56
40.25
40.87
22.98
31.02
42.36
24.37
27.08
24.71
43.61
22.27
23.95
19.15
23.72
29.16
37.29
40.39
30.55
36.29
33.99
34.00
29.73
23.60
30.54
29.83
29.71
34.09
23.70
24.77
24.92
–
24.14
15.68
15.98
12.91
32.83
31.77
16.49
13.49
33.06
11.37
12.93
15.87
15.87
15.87
20.00
15.00
18.41
21.00
22.14
26.88
19.66
22.58
20.69
24.28
15.86
8.40
19.16
17.20
9.98
14.01
17.38
18.56
18.56
–
18.38
10.10
10.10
9.00
15.79
15.79
16.95
17.11
35.48
13.49
14.42
18.09
16.47
18.08
22.00
16.06
18.41
24.14
28.16
28.38
22.57
35.49
23.76
29.37
22.35
11.28
24.22
23.27
24.58
19.57
17.69
19.93
19.93
–
18.46
12.47
12.50
11.50
24.89
24.89
23.08
33.06
39.13
17.11
22.10
22.05
34.86
21.63
23.87
19.56
23.17
27.45
35.11
33.09
30.68
38.11
34.47
31.90
29.80
26.44
30.50
28.96
30.97
37.99
25.32
23.11
23.42
–
19.23
15.87
15.87
13.00
28.77
28.77
26.76
42.98
47.62
29.48
39.06
26.39
66.20
25.77
25.46
21.20
30.00
30.36
43.67
55.16
41.80
40.21
37.88
38.46
37.22
36.78
36.47
36.78
37.93
44.95
29.29
24.48
24.48
–
22.43
17.77
18.62
15.88
38.48
38.46
31.20
49.50
58.20
45.19
48.08
32.74
96.16
29.69
29.01
23.13
31.24
38.00
55.16
62.01
42.12
44.20
42.53
44.83
42.46
39.15
41.63
41.63
41.43
49.29
32.47
35.66
35.66
–
40.39
22.86
23.83
15.88
53.37
53.37
22.25
23.58
24.86
23.63
20.68
18.77
22.01
17.32
15.45
20.30
16.06
13.25
17.88
13.00
11.54
13.84
11.78
13.71
6.87
11.75
10.60
10.38
15.61
12.98
8.50
13.00
15.15
20.02
16.50
14.29
15.39
15.03
16.69
13.45
11.14
18.92
14.50
9.57
14.84
20.50
23.08
20.02
23.40
20.50
21.24
23.32
16.74
14.50
20.71
16.25
13.00
17.55
26.75
31.01
33.13
26.64
21.81
24.97
27.29
20.14
18.61
22.19
17.41
15.90
20.66
34.21
34.21
40.14
43.44
28.85
28.85
35.10
24.44
21.84
24.33
19.02
18.00
22.66
See footnotes at end of table.
4
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$24.80
22.43
21.15
24.34
19.13
21.86
34.28
42.51
29.39
37.88
39.90
40.48
$26.69
26.03
21.15
26.79
34.68
27.19
47.12
53.21
34.34
44.71
79.33
40.48
42.51
44.11
33.33
52.88
49.55
44.35
20.00
28.29
49.03
23.73
20.68
31.97
25.75
32.81
26.44
29.21
79.33
28.93
25.86
35.00
30.29
48.08
24.04
27.18
37.07
20.61
22.92
67.31
24.74
22.92
22.06
23.89
17.31
16.17
32.05
24.04
28.85
30.29
38.65
47.77
43.27
7.78
11.69
8.00
17.69
14.84
20.67
17.04
19.12
17.41
14.18
12.90
10.40
15.03
12.10
16.61
13.22
15.86
15.60
13.27
14.80
16.68
52.83
8.85
17.37
10.73
18.75
17.95
26.93
23.85
20.55
19.50
14.18
14.50
10.50
19.06
14.04
17.31
16.59
17.23
16.23
18.06
15.68
16.68
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Professional specialty and technical occupations
(-Continued)
Technical occupations (-Continued)
Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... $20.53 $12.00 $17.17 $19.42
Drafters ................................................................. 19.61 14.49 16.05 20.25
Chemical technicians ............................................ 17.52 12.80 15.18 16.77
Computer programmers ....................................... 20.90 13.00 16.72 20.28
Legal assistants .................................................... 18.67 11.79 14.84 16.66
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... 18.16 10.34 14.27 17.31
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... 29.11 15.28 18.56 23.75
Executives, administrators, and managers ............... 35.16 17.32 22.29 29.71
Administrators and officials, public administration
24.99 18.63 19.24 22.83
Financial managers .............................................. 30.72 16.58 20.10 24.37
Personnel and labor relations managers .............. 36.31 18.53 18.99 39.90
Purchasing managers ........................................... 31.79 22.16 22.16 34.01
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations .......................................................... 37.45 19.29 25.38 37.31
Administrators, education and related fields ......... 31.95 19.44 23.75 27.78
Managers, medicine and health ........................... 29.22 17.30 21.63 25.56
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................ 18.30 11.15 12.13 15.47
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. ............. 23.86 12.11 16.83 26.44
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. 41.42 19.23 24.32 35.00
Management related occupations ............................ 21.11 13.85 16.10 19.62
Accountants and auditors ..................................... 19.10 13.43 15.38 18.35
Underwriters ......................................................... 23.77 14.50 17.28 20.46
Other financial officers .......................................... 23.38 15.38 19.47 21.49
Management analysts .......................................... 27.56 18.21 20.19 23.13
Personnel, training, and labor relations
specialists ....................................................... 20.01 13.85 16.10 19.23
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm
products .......................................................... 32.77 15.27 19.23 21.63
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ 17.94 12.00 14.78 18.22
Construction inspectors ........................................ 20.54 16.14 18.96 21.63
Inspectors and compliance officers, except
construction .................................................... 20.90 17.58 19.66 19.91
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ 21.24 14.42 16.15 20.07
Sales occupations ............................................................ 14.84
5.50
6.64 10.10
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ 17.50
8.60 10.14 13.00
Sales occupations, other business services ......... 23.40 10.10 10.82 18.27
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale ................................................. 32.26 14.94 20.05 28.80
Sales workers, apparel .........................................
6.86
6.00
6.00
6.42
Sales workers, other commodities ........................ 10.05
5.45
6.20
8.33
Cashiers ...............................................................
7.38
5.25
5.60
6.40
Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ....................... 14.22
6.50
7.60 14.90
Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... 12.55
8.00
9.62 12.05
Supervisors, general office ................................... 19.97 15.48 16.95 18.00
Supervisors, financial records processing ............ 17.13 13.20 15.56 16.83
Computer operators .............................................. 15.97 11.18 12.47 16.41
Secretaries ........................................................... 14.68
9.62 12.25 14.43
Typists .................................................................. 12.55 10.00 10.51 13.30
Interviewers .......................................................... 11.30
8.62
9.91 11.20
Hotel clerks ...........................................................
9.34
7.75
8.00
9.50
Transportation ticket and reservation agents ....... 12.47
7.50
8.99 11.80
Receptionists ........................................................ 10.28
7.00
8.50
9.75
Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... 12.74
8.25
9.02 12.91
Order clerks .......................................................... 11.49
7.25
8.84 10.25
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping
13.37
9.00 11.27 13.00
Library clerks ........................................................ 13.05
9.50 11.72 12.43
Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... 11.47
8.17
8.78 10.20
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... 12.44
9.13 10.53 12.50
Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. 13.33 11.06 11.49 12.79
See footnotes at end of table.
5
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
Billing clerks ..........................................................
Duplicating machine operators .............................
Telephone operators ............................................
Mail clerks except postal service ..........................
Production coordinators ........................................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
Stock and inventory clerks ....................................
Material recording, scheduling, and distribution
clerks, N.E.C. ..................................................
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and
investigators ...................................................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ......
Bill and account collectors ....................................
General office clerks .............................................
Data entry keyers .................................................
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Electronic repairers, communications and
industrial equipment .......................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Carpenters ............................................................
Electricians ...........................................................
Electrical power installers and repairers ...............
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Machinists .............................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..
Butchers and meat cutters ....................................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................
Molding and casting machine operators ...............
Printing press operators .......................................
Photoengravers and lithographers .......................
Textile sewing machine operators ........................
Packaging and filling machine operators ..............
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Production testers .................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Truck drivers .........................................................
Bus drivers ............................................................
Excavating and loading machine operators ..........
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .......
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
See footnotes at end of table.
6
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$9.80
10.39
10.45
8.71
17.91
12.18
14.19
$8.17
8.22
7.00
7.27
14.02
8.41
10.25
$8.17
8.22
7.99
7.67
16.18
10.00
12.50
$9.50
10.50
11.00
8.42
18.63
12.08
13.55
$11.00
11.90
12.34
9.20
19.23
14.42
17.17
$12.10
13.69
12.34
9.82
20.70
15.18
18.04
12.17
8.56
9.92
11.90
13.89
15.50
15.43
12.33
12.86
12.21
11.65
10.14
12.79
10.58
9.58
10.25
8.00
8.00
6.96
9.59
12.77
10.16
12.00
10.09
10.42
8.07
9.59
14.46
11.51
13.00
12.44
12.20
10.00
10.38
18.32
13.46
13.95
14.38
12.95
11.30
17.34
20.86
17.03
15.05
15.57
12.95
13.37
19.14
13.68
17.60
17.59
20.30
15.69
7.25
11.00
11.14
13.30
11.75
9.49
13.33
12.22
13.33
13.00
12.82
17.07
19.01
23.09
14.20
16.78
21.77
20.55
23.65
17.30
21.65
25.09
21.89
24.29
20.32
14.87
17.19
21.23
20.87
23.92
17.95
15.47
17.59
18.08
12.02
12.48
11.42
11.91
9.70
14.72
13.69
9.65
10.25
11.80
15.29
9.58
11.02
11.50
14.80
14.41
14.48
24.03
10.91
10.34
11.68
14.98
9.28
8.81
10.45
10.34
8.21
10.49
8.71
13.09
14.15
14.90
21.29
13.00
9.32
11.25
14.99
7.91
6.45
7.00
8.75
7.75
8.75
8.50
7.00
6.25
8.00
13.09
5.75
7.55
8.45
9.20
9.90
9.20
18.45
7.00
6.00
7.75
7.00
6.50
5.40
6.25
7.00
5.40
6.00
8.86
14.91
20.37
16.30
22.05
14.08
12.58
12.00
15.85
10.00
9.00
8.50
11.28
7.87
11.75
8.50
7.91
7.60
9.75
15.03
7.00
8.28
10.43
11.61
11.55
12.60
23.95
9.00
7.25
9.00
9.76
7.10
6.60
8.00
8.00
6.45
7.34
10.46
17.41
21.65
21.50
23.26
19.35
14.46
17.07
18.08
12.43
12.50
11.54
12.06
9.05
14.75
13.80
9.19
10.45
11.90
15.03
8.90
10.94
12.01
13.66
13.35
13.00
25.56
11.46
9.25
12.21
17.81
8.40
8.85
10.74
10.00
7.86
9.37
24.14
18.89
24.39
23.44
26.69
21.67
20.35
21.00
19.37
14.11
16.97
13.71
13.46
11.29
17.61
15.86
11.59
12.50
13.42
16.48
12.20
12.26
13.15
18.72
16.78
19.98
25.56
12.66
12.26
13.55
19.90
12.26
10.05
13.08
11.50
9.00
12.21
24.14
21.20
25.67
27.30
27.01
23.24
20.55
24.30
21.91
14.91
19.48
15.69
13.83
14.70
19.99
21.69
12.27
14.58
15.13
17.63
14.09
15.69
13.20
20.18
20.02
19.98
25.56
13.64
16.83
13.91
19.90
12.26
12.10
14.63
13.95
12.14
16.75
Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
Service occupations ........................................................... $10.57
Protective service occupations ................................. 14.54
Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention
occupations .................................................... 21.47
Supervisors, police and detectives ....................... 24.99
Firefighting occupations ........................................ 16.40
Police and detectives, public service .................... 18.00
Guards and police except public service ..............
8.55
Protective service occupations, N.E.C. ................
7.50
Food service occupations .........................................
7.50
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations .................................................... 12.99
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
4.71
Cooks ...................................................................
9.86
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
7.15
Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................
8.94
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................
5.25
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
7.08
Health service occupations .......................................
9.81
Health aides, except nursing ................................
9.71
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
9.77
Cleaning and building service occupations .............. 10.56
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ........................................................... 15.14
Maids and housemen ...........................................
8.08
Janitors and cleaners ........................................... 10.69
Personal service occupations ................................... 10.45
Welfare service aides ...........................................
8.44
Child care workers, N.E.C. ...................................
7.76
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
9.09
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid
to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living
adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for
overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips.
The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and
dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th,
25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the
earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of
the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown,
and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or
less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn
the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th
percentiles follow the same logic.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers.
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$5.75
7.00
$7.50
8.84
$9.40
15.26
$12.85
18.98
$18.27
20.21
18.54
18.18
12.82
14.63
6.00
7.00
2.63
18.98
21.25
14.26
16.89
6.75
7.50
5.25
21.32
23.64
16.65
18.56
7.50
7.50
7.25
22.99
33.19
18.27
19.68
9.24
7.73
9.89
26.25
33.19
20.07
20.15
11.55
7.73
11.90
10.25
2.63
7.00
5.50
6.50
4.25
5.25
7.95
7.50
8.00
7.00
11.06
2.63
8.00
5.50
7.00
4.25
6.00
8.50
8.25
8.53
8.29
12.17
2.63
9.64
6.15
8.00
5.25
6.69
9.45
9.10
9.50
9.68
14.50
8.00
11.25
7.98
11.00
6.00
8.00
10.76
10.28
10.76
12.94
16.83
9.50
13.00
10.53
12.50
8.00
9.45
12.13
12.61
11.77
14.68
8.55
6.25
7.44
6.00
6.50
6.08
6.00
9.31
6.75
8.40
6.89
6.87
6.89
7.70
13.75
7.43
10.23
8.49
8.00
7.24
9.13
18.82
9.38
13.00
10.73
9.18
8.62
10.10
24.50
10.00
14.54
13.57
11.71
10.30
12.48
Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a
part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week
schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a
40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data
did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
7
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
Private industry
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
All occupations ..................................................... $17.57
All occupations excluding sales .......................... 17.80
White-collar occupations .................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .......
Professional specialty and technical
occupations ..............................................
Professional specialty occupations .............
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .....
Aerospace engineers ..........................
Civil engineers ....................................
Electrical and electronic engineers .....
Industrial engineers ............................
Mechanical engineers .........................
Engineers, N.E.C. ...............................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...
Computer systems analysts and
scientists .......................................
Operations and systems researchers
and analysts .................................
Natural scientists ....................................
Physicists and astronomers ................
Chemists, except biochemists ............
Medical scientists ...............................
Health related occupations .....................
Physicians ..........................................
Registered nurses ..............................
Pharmacists ........................................
Respiratory therapists .........................
Physical therapists ..............................
Teachers, college and university ............
Medical science teachers ...................
Art, drama and music teachers ...........
English teachers .................................
Foreign language teachers .................
Teachers, except college and university
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ......
Elementary school teachers ...............
Secondary school teachers ................
Teachers, special education ...............
Teachers, N.E.C. ................................
Vocational and educational
counselors ....................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators .........
Librarians ............................................
Social scientists and urban planners ......
Economists .........................................
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers ....................................
Recreation workers .............................
Lawyers and judges ................................
Lawyers ..............................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes,
and professionals, N.E.C. .................
Technical writers .................................
Designers ...........................................
Editors and reporters ..........................
Public relations specialists ..................
Athletes ...............................................
Professional occupations, N.E.C. .......
Technical occupations ................................
Clinical laboratory technologists and
technicians ....................................
Radiological technicians .....................
Licensed practical nurses ...................
State and local government
$7.25
7.58
25
Median
50
$9.68 $14.33
10.00 14.59
Percentiles
Mean
75
90
$21.28
21.53
$31.54
31.56
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$20.25 $10.75 $13.38 $18.23 $24.75 $34.24
20.28 10.75 13.41 18.24 24.79 34.24
20.84
21.67
8.50
9.62
11.88
12.86
17.28
18.15
25.48
26.11
37.31
37.63
22.75
22.82
11.06
11.17
14.13
14.17
20.51
20.67
29.39
29.42
37.99
37.99
24.30
26.84
30.10
35.99
22.59
31.63
27.17
28.31
31.47
29.55
13.07
15.00
19.33
30.38
13.47
20.57
18.68
20.05
19.24
19.23
16.45
18.51
22.38
33.22
15.17
24.23
21.10
23.00
23.19
24.04
21.72
24.60
28.52
34.33
20.44
30.40
24.96
25.99
30.98
29.15
29.45
32.29
35.58
39.24
26.23
36.27
30.50
31.73
38.70
34.14
38.46
41.73
43.28
44.29
32.00
45.55
39.44
40.10
44.17
40.87
28.07
28.72
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.67
16.49
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.27
22.41
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
28.30
28.30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
34.66
35.57
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
41.43
41.43
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30.20
20.67
24.77
29.57
34.62
41.08
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.74
31.28
42.36
24.37
27.39
24.84
47.35
22.18
23.95
19.54
29.16
38.23
40.39
29.17
33.34
32.24
16.99
10.71
–
20.86
–
17.92
15.63
13.46
33.06
11.37
12.88
15.97
16.30
15.87
20.00
15.05
21.00
22.14
26.88
17.24
20.43
20.52
9.13
8.00
–
14.36
–
10.00
18.76
17.11
35.48
13.49
14.42
18.11
16.83
18.00
22.00
16.81
24.14
28.08
28.38
19.90
23.86
22.14
11.38
8.94
–
17.10
–
13.70
23.24
33.60
39.13
17.11
19.23
21.63
51.44
21.27
23.87
20.25
27.45
34.96
33.09
25.41
36.17
31.08
16.45
11.28
–
20.16
–
16.45
27.56
42.98
47.62
29.48
41.00
26.20
72.12
25.42
25.46
21.61
30.36
45.37
55.16
42.12
41.19
37.71
21.75
11.38
–
24.86
–
23.00
31.55
49.71
58.20
45.19
48.08
32.74
96.16
29.81
29.01
23.77
38.00
59.08
62.01
42.12
45.37
54.14
25.95
12.62
–
27.56
–
29.03
–
–
–
–
–
23.63
–
23.09
–
–
–
34.09
–
–
–
–
31.49
–
30.92
31.00
32.23
37.44
–
–
–
–
–
12.50
–
14.66
–
–
–
21.75
–
–
–
–
18.42
–
19.93
18.21
23.23
19.57
–
–
–
–
–
17.59
–
19.89
–
–
–
29.37
–
–
–
–
25.07
–
24.46
24.91
25.92
29.56
–
–
–
–
–
23.96
–
23.96
–
–
–
35.86
–
–
–
–
31.71
–
30.82
31.59
33.66
40.82
–
–
–
–
–
28.35
–
26.39
–
–
–
39.93
–
–
–
–
37.94
–
36.47
37.67
37.93
46.85
–
–
–
–
–
33.15
–
28.35
–
–
–
42.10
–
–
–
–
43.22
–
41.63
42.15
41.43
50.42
–
23.29
23.32
–
24.14
14.49
14.69
13.15
34.67
34.67
–
18.56
18.56
–
18.38
9.76
9.92
9.00
13.57
13.57
–
19.93
19.86
–
18.46
11.39
11.06
11.50
15.79
15.79
–
23.11
24.00
–
19.23
14.40
14.40
13.00
38.10
38.10
–
24.00
24.00
–
22.43
16.50
16.50
15.88
50.61
50.61
–
32.84
35.16
–
40.39
18.30
19.02
15.88
60.73
60.73
26.16
26.35
26.35
–
–
18.18
18.41
–
–
–
12.39
18.64
18.64
–
–
12.47
12.47
–
–
–
25.32
21.91
21.91
–
–
14.23
15.40
–
–
–
29.29
23.42
23.42
–
–
18.95
18.96
–
–
–
32.47
35.66
35.66
–
–
20.15
20.41
–
–
–
32.47
36.78
36.78
–
–
24.49
24.49
–
–
–
22.61
23.58
24.96
23.63
22.08
19.04
22.01
17.22
12.74
11.54
15.10
11.78
15.39
6.87
11.75
10.60
16.28
20.02
16.50
14.29
18.00
15.03
16.69
13.36
20.83
23.08
20.02
23.40
20.50
21.24
23.32
16.66
27.41
31.01
34.44
26.64
28.85
24.97
27.29
20.07
34.21
34.21
40.14
43.44
28.85
28.85
35.10
24.34
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.00
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.67
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17.65
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.27
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
33.69
15.42
20.30
16.19
10.34
15.61
13.24
11.06
18.92
14.50
14.42
20.71
16.25
18.54
22.19
17.71
22.21
24.33
19.27
–
–
14.77
–
–
10.30
–
–
12.33
–
–
16.00
–
–
17.02
–
–
17.02
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
Private industry
State and local government
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
25
Median
50
Percentiles
Mean
75
90
$15.47
20.75
24.80
22.43
21.15
25.53
$17.85
22.66
26.69
26.03
21.15
26.79
10
25
Median
50
75
90
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Professional specialty and technical
occupations (-Continued)
Technical occupations (-Continued)
Health technologists and technicians,
N.E.C. ........................................... $12.83
Electrical and electronic technicians ... 17.92
Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ......... 20.53
Drafters ............................................... 19.61
Chemical technicians .......................... 17.52
Computer programmers ..................... 21.05
Technical and related occupations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 17.97
Executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations .............................................. 29.66
Executives, administrators, and
managers .......................................... 36.10
Administrators and officials, public
administration ...............................
–
Financial managers ............................ 30.78
Personnel and labor relations
managers ...................................... 36.31
Purchasing managers ......................... 31.79
Managers, marketing, advertising and
public relations .............................. 37.45
Administrators, education and related
fields ............................................. 33.62
Managers, medicine and health ......... 28.36
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments .............................. 18.30
Managers, service organizations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 23.86
Managers and administrators, N.E.C.
41.78
Management related occupations .......... 21.32
Accountants and auditors ................... 19.26
Underwriters ....................................... 23.77
Other financial officers ........................ 23.68
Management analysts ........................ 28.06
Personnel, training, and labor
relations specialists ...................... 20.09
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade,
except farm products .................... 32.77
Purchasing agents and buyers,
N.E.C. ........................................... 17.94
Construction inspectors ......................
–
Inspectors and compliance officers,
except construction ....................... 21.50
Management related occupations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 21.34
Sales occupations .......................................... 14.85
Supervisors, sales occupations .......... 17.53
Sales occupations, other business
services ........................................ 23.40
Sales representatives, mining,
manufacturing, and wholesale ...... 32.26
Sales workers, apparel .......................
6.86
Sales workers, other commodities ...... 10.05
Cashiers .............................................
7.10
Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ..... 14.22
Administrative support occupations, including
clerical ...................................................... 12.45
Supervisors, general office ................. 20.58
Supervisors, financial records
processing .................................... 17.13
$8.50
13.08
12.00
14.49
12.80
13.00
$9.55 $12.62
14.84 17.55
17.17 19.42
16.05 20.25
15.18 16.77
16.09 21.16
10.10
13.45
17.31
21.86
27.19
15.05
18.27
23.98
35.34
49.03
16.83
22.16
31.30
43.51
60.10
28.49
19.22
22.83
25.80
34.18
43.22
–
16.58
–
20.10
–
25.12
–
37.88
–
44.71
24.99
–
18.63
–
19.24
–
22.83
–
29.39
–
34.34
–
18.53
22.16
18.99
22.16
39.90
34.01
39.90
40.48
79.33
40.48
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.29
25.38
37.31
42.51
52.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.14
16.83
20.19
21.63
27.78
25.00
49.55
32.59
49.68
40.51
30.33
–
23.00
–
25.80
–
28.38
–
33.63
–
44.11
–
11.15
12.13
15.47
20.00
26.44
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.11
19.23
13.78
13.22
14.50
15.98
18.40
16.83
24.77
16.10
15.14
17.28
20.17
20.19
26.44
35.94
19.85
18.10
20.46
21.63
24.04
28.29
49.03
24.04
21.15
31.97
25.83
36.28
29.21
80.29
30.00
26.13
35.00
30.29
48.08
–
–
19.28
18.03
–
–
–
–
–
15.38
15.30
–
–
–
–
–
16.70
16.05
–
–
–
–
–
18.56
18.56
–
–
–
–
–
21.47
18.56
–
–
–
–
–
23.91
18.56
–
–
–
14.63
16.10
19.23
24.04
27.18
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.27
19.23
21.63
37.07
67.31
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.00
–
14.78
–
18.22
–
20.61
–
24.74
–
–
20.54
–
16.14
–
18.96
–
21.63
–
22.92
–
22.92
18.04
19.66
21.72
22.06
26.36
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.87
5.50
8.60
15.60
6.60
10.14
19.71
10.10
13.00
25.11
17.29
16.20
30.71
30.75
38.65
20.80
14.47
–
16.70
7.69
–
18.46
9.54
–
20.07
14.92
–
23.25
19.47
–
25.77
19.47
–
10.10
10.82
18.27
32.05
47.77
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.94
6.00
5.45
5.25
6.50
20.05
6.00
6.20
5.50
7.60
28.80
6.42
8.33
6.30
14.90
43.27
7.78
11.69
7.75
17.69
52.83
8.85
17.37
10.00
18.75
–
–
–
14.50
–
–
–
–
7.69
–
–
–
–
8.46
–
–
–
–
18.25
–
–
–
–
19.47
–
–
–
–
19.47
–
8.00
14.41
9.50
17.00
11.78
18.27
14.73
21.15
18.13
34.51
13.06
–
9.17
–
10.79
–
12.95
–
15.16
–
17.17
–
13.20
15.56
16.83
17.04
23.85
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
9
$24.91 $16.83 $18.63 $22.92 $28.38 $39.06
–
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
Private industry
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
25
Median
50
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including
clerical (-Continued)
Computer operators ............................ $15.98 $11.18 $12.47 $16.41
Secretaries ......................................... 14.37
9.26 12.00 13.94
Interviewers ........................................ 11.48
8.62
9.79 11.48
Hotel clerks .........................................
9.34
7.75
8.00
9.50
Transportation ticket and reservation
agents ........................................... 12.47
7.50
8.99 11.80
Receptionists ...................................... 10.31
7.00
8.50
9.75
Information clerks, N.E.C. ................... 12.57
8.25
9.02 12.75
Order clerks ........................................ 11.49
7.25
8.84 10.25
Personnel clerks except payroll and
timekeeping .................................. 13.37
9.00 11.27 13.00
Library clerks ......................................
–
–
–
–
Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 11.45
8.17
8.78 10.00
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing
clerks ............................................ 12.31
9.13 10.50 12.31
Payroll and timekeeping clerks ........... 12.61 10.98 11.06 11.74
Billing clerks ........................................
9.80
8.17
8.17
9.50
Duplicating machine operators ........... 10.09
8.00
8.22
8.89
Telephone operators .......................... 10.47
7.00
7.99 11.00
Mail clerks except postal service ........
8.62
7.27
7.67
8.42
Dispatchers .........................................
–
–
–
–
Production coordinators ...................... 17.91 14.02 16.18 18.63
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks
12.18
8.41 10.00 12.08
Stock and inventory clerks .................. 13.43 10.25 11.79 12.98
Material recording, scheduling, and
distribution clerks, N.E.C. ............. 12.01
8.25
9.68 11.87
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and
investigators ................................. 15.43 10.58 12.77 14.46
Investigators and adjusters except
insurance ...................................... 12.33
9.58 10.16 11.51
Bill and account collectors .................. 12.86 10.25 12.00 13.00
General office clerks ........................... 11.80
7.75
9.00 11.45
Data entry keyers ...............................
9.52
7.00
7.15
9.36
Teachers’ aides ..................................
–
–
–
–
Administrative support occupations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 12.80
9.59
9.59 10.25
Blue-collar occupations ...................................
Precision production, craft, and repair
occupations ..............................................
Automobile mechanics .......................
Bus, truck, and stationary engine
mechanics ....................................
Industrial machinery repairers ............
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........
Electricians .........................................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ................
Supervisors, production occupations ..
Machinists ...........................................
Electrical and electronic equipment
assemblers ...................................
Butchers and meat cutters ..................
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors .................................................
Fabricating machine operators,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Molding and casting machine
operators ......................................
Printing press operators .....................
Photoengravers and lithographers .....
Textile sewing machine operators ......
State and local government
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
75
90
$19.12
16.70
13.01
10.40
$20.55
19.50
14.50
10.50
15.03
12.10
16.61
13.22
19.06
14.04
17.31
16.59
–
10.01
–
–
–
6.75
–
–
–
9.17
–
–
–
9.17
–
–
–
11.30
–
–
–
12.72
–
–
15.86
–
13.27
17.23
–
18.06
–
12.85
–
–
10.05
–
–
11.72
–
–
12.30
–
–
15.60
–
–
16.23
–
14.56
13.14
11.00
11.06
12.34
9.20
–
19.23
14.42
15.60
15.81
16.92
12.10
13.69
12.34
9.74
–
20.70
15.18
17.47
13.74
–
–
–
–
–
12.95
–
–
–
9.23
–
–
–
–
–
10.86
–
–
–
13.94
–
–
–
–
–
11.96
–
–
–
15.45
–
–
–
–
–
11.96
–
–
–
15.68
–
–
–
–
–
14.54
–
–
–
15.68
–
–
–
–
–
16.39
–
–
–
14.06
15.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.32
20.86
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.46
13.95
14.38
12.20
–
17.03
15.05
15.57
12.67
–
–
–
12.97
–
10.15
–
–
10.18
–
6.96
–
–
11.51
–
8.07
–
–
13.54
–
10.00
–
–
14.10
–
11.30
–
–
15.44
–
13.41
17.34
19.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$16.00 $11.65 $14.55 $15.99 $17.94 $19.59
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.37
7.09
9.10
12.38
16.35
21.25
17.13
12.21
13.78
16.31
20.18
23.09
17.43
17.19
11.00
11.14
13.18
11.14
16.79
14.77
21.50
20.55
25.23
25.20
18.91
–
13.28
–
15.00
–
19.01
–
22.79
–
24.79
–
19.88
15.69
15.98
20.78
17.13
17.59
18.08
13.30
11.75
13.24
14.50
9.18
11.25
14.99
13.30
13.00
14.32
16.30
11.37
12.00
15.85
23.65
14.20
15.70
21.50
18.99
17.07
18.08
23.65
17.30
17.80
23.44
20.55
21.00
19.37
25.68
20.32
18.89
28.30
20.55
24.30
21.91
–
–
–
–
12.84
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.54
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.28
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.28
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.46
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.46
–
–
12.02
12.48
7.91
6.45
10.00
9.00
12.43
12.50
14.11
16.97
14.91
19.48
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.22
7.00
8.50
11.35
13.35
15.59
15.99
13.71
15.03
15.03
16.31
22.57
11.91
8.75
11.28
12.06
13.46
13.83
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.70
14.72
13.69
9.65
7.75
8.75
8.50
7.00
7.87
11.75
8.50
7.91
9.05
14.75
13.80
9.19
11.29
17.61
15.86
11.59
14.70
19.99
21.69
12.27
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
10
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
Private industry
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
10
Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors (-Continued)
Packaging and filling machine
operators ...................................... $10.25
Miscellaneous machine operators,
N.E.C. ........................................... 11.47
Assemblers .........................................
9.58
Production inspectors, checkers and
examiners ..................................... 11.02
Production testers ............................... 11.50
Transportation and material moving
occupations .............................................. 14.46
Truck drivers ....................................... 14.49
Bus drivers .......................................... 12.23
Excavating and loading machine
operators ...................................... 24.03
Industrial truck and tractor equipment
operators ...................................... 10.91
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers ..................................................... 10.10
Groundskeepers and gardeners
except farm ................................... 10.94
Construction laborers ......................... 15.53
Production helpers ..............................
9.28
Stock handlers and baggers ...............
8.81
Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 10.45
Freight, stock, and material handlers,
N.E.C. ........................................... 10.34
Hand packers and packagers .............
8.21
Laborers except construction, N.E.C.
9.42
Service occupations .........................................
Protective service occupations ...............
Supervisors, firefighters and fire
prevention occupations .................
Supervisors, police and detectives .....
Firefighting occupations ......................
Police and detectives, public service ..
Guards and police except public
service ..........................................
Food service occupations .......................
Supervisors, food preparation and
service occupations ......................
Waiters and waitresses ......................
Cooks .................................................
Food counter, fountain, and related
occupations ..................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ......
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ..........
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C.
State and local government
$6.25
25
Median
50
$7.60 $10.45
Percentiles
Mean
75
90
$12.50
$14.58
10
25
Median
50
75
90
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.00
5.75
9.73
7.00
11.81
8.90
13.27
12.20
14.99
14.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.55
8.45
8.28
10.43
10.94
12.01
12.26
13.15
15.69
13.20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.00
9.90
8.11
11.46
11.55
9.93
13.00
13.35
13.00
16.78
16.78
13.00
20.67
20.02
15.59
18.45
23.95
25.56
25.56
25.56
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.00
9.00
11.46
12.66
13.64
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.00
7.10
9.00
11.87
16.50
13.75
10.69
11.67
12.95
14.45
20.18
7.50
7.00
6.50
5.40
6.25
7.75
8.00
7.10
6.60
8.00
12.53
19.80
8.40
8.85
10.74
13.91
19.90
12.26
10.05
13.08
14.82
20.60
12.26
12.10
14.63
12.49
13.12
–
–
–
11.67
10.56
–
–
–
11.67
11.42
–
–
–
12.21
13.70
–
–
–
12.52
14.21
–
–
–
13.55
14.92
–
–
–
7.00
5.40
6.00
8.00
6.45
7.00
10.00
7.86
8.60
11.50
9.00
10.45
13.95
12.14
15.73
–
–
16.25
–
–
10.35
–
–
12.21
–
–
20.18
–
–
20.18
–
–
21.63
8.70
8.63
5.25
6.00
6.99
6.75
8.46
7.65
10.00
9.50
12.75
13.46
15.58
17.89
10.00
13.11
11.69
15.68
15.35
18.31
18.98
19.51
20.21
21.70
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.47
24.99
16.40
18.00
18.54
18.18
12.82
14.63
18.98
21.25
14.26
16.89
21.32
23.64
16.65
18.56
22.99
33.19
18.27
19.68
26.25
33.19
20.07
20.15
8.39
7.44
6.00
2.63
6.75
5.25
7.50
7.00
9.17
9.89
10.87
11.90
–
9.15
–
7.50
–
7.98
–
8.15
–
10.05
–
13.37
13.00
4.71
9.85
10.25
2.63
7.00
11.06
2.63
8.00
12.75
2.63
9.50
14.50
8.00
11.25
16.83
9.50
13.00
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.86
8.94
5.25
7.06
5.40
6.50
4.25
5.25
5.50
7.00
4.25
6.00
6.00
8.00
5.25
6.64
7.14
11.00
6.00
8.00
11.06
12.50
8.00
9.45
–
–
–
8.10
–
–
–
6.83
–
–
–
7.07
–
–
–
8.09
–
–
–
8.09
See footnotes at end of table.
11
$17.02 $12.99 $14.30 $19.71 $19.98 $19.98
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.29
Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
Private industry
Percentiles
Occupation3
Mean
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations .....................
Health aides, except nursing ..............
Nursing aides, orderlies and
attendants .....................................
Cleaning and building service
occupations ......................................
Maids and housemen .........................
Janitors and cleaners .........................
Personal service occupations .................
Welfare service aides .........................
Service occupations, N.E.C. ...............
State and local government
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$9.48
9.65
$7.75
7.50
$8.44
8.20
$9.11
9.00
$10.09
10.10
$11.61
12.60
$11.23
–
9.36
7.83
8.45
9.11
10.04
11.23
11.27
9.56
10.56
11.69
11.69
12.78
9.59
8.08
9.73
10.23
8.44
9.07
6.75
6.25
7.00
5.75
6.50
6.00
7.65
6.75
8.00
6.70
6.87
7.15
8.55
7.43
8.65
8.38
8.00
9.13
11.50
9.38
11.64
10.35
9.18
10.00
13.75
10.00
13.87
13.50
11.71
12.50
13.33
–
12.96
12.07
–
–
10.23
–
10.23
7.15
–
–
11.35
–
11.35
8.13
–
–
12.94
–
12.77
10.27
–
–
14.84
–
14.68
17.98
–
–
16.95
–
15.42
20.92
–
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in
the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive
the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the
rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less
than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than
the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$9.44 $10.26 $11.69 $11.69 $12.78
–
–
–
–
–
working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be
considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover
all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine
major occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
12
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Percentiles
Mean
10
All occupations ..................................................... $18.94
All occupations excluding sales .......................... 18.95
White-collar occupations .................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .......
Professional specialty and technical
occupations ..............................................
Professional specialty occupations .............
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .....
Aerospace engineers ..........................
Civil engineers ....................................
Electrical and electronic engineers .....
Industrial engineers ............................
Mechanical engineers .........................
Engineers, N.E.C. ...............................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...
Computer systems analysts and
scientists .......................................
Operations and systems researchers
and analysts .................................
Natural scientists ....................................
Physicists and astronomers ................
Chemists, except biochemists ............
Medical scientists ...............................
Health related occupations .....................
Physicians ..........................................
Registered nurses ..............................
Respiratory therapists .........................
Physical therapists ..............................
Teachers, college and university ............
Art, drama and music teachers ...........
English teachers .................................
Foreign language teachers .................
Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. .......
Teachers, except college and university
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ......
Elementary school teachers ...............
Secondary school teachers ................
Teachers, special education ...............
Teachers, N.E.C. ................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators .........
Librarians ............................................
Social scientists and urban planners ......
Economists .........................................
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Social workers ....................................
Lawyers and judges ................................
Lawyers ..............................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes,
and professionals, N.E.C. .................
Technical writers .................................
Designers ...........................................
Editors and reporters ..........................
Public relations specialists ..................
Professional occupations, N.E.C. .......
Technical occupations ................................
Clinical laboratory technologists and
technicians ....................................
Radiological technicians .....................
Licensed practical nurses ...................
Health technologists and technicians,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Electrical and electronic technicians ...
Part-time
25
Median
50
$8.45 $11.14 $15.81
8.50 11.30 15.87
Percentiles
Mean
75
90
$22.99
23.01
$33.48
33.26
10
25
$10.89
11.80
$5.30
5.35
$6.35
7.00
Median
50
75
90
$8.40 $13.00 $20.27
9.00 14.58 21.38
22.07
22.35
9.90
10.10
13.00
13.46
18.56
18.94
27.32
27.54
38.47
38.46
13.41
16.45
5.60
7.60
7.00
9.81
10.46
14.62
17.02
20.08
23.74
26.84
25.61
27.90
29.95
35.99
27.04
31.63
27.17
28.31
30.70
29.07
13.71
15.87
19.72
30.38
15.17
20.57
18.68
20.05
19.87
18.68
17.31
19.87
23.32
33.22
22.31
24.23
21.10
23.00
24.52
23.12
23.75
26.14
28.43
34.33
30.56
30.40
24.96
25.99
28.30
28.41
31.25
33.66
34.20
39.24
30.56
36.27
30.50
31.73
36.06
33.65
40.11
42.15
42.19
44.29
30.56
45.55
39.44
40.10
43.56
40.02
20.24
21.85
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.00
14.10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.70
15.30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.44
19.85
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.30
25.32
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30.00
32.05
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
29.76
20.22
24.04
29.17
34.19
40.87
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.98
30.95
42.36
24.37
26.56
24.96
42.90
22.17
19.09
–
37.97
31.84
36.53
33.99
35.59
30.34
23.70
30.56
30.02
29.71
35.97
24.79
24.95
21.39
24.14
15.69
16.00
32.82
31.76
16.49
13.46
33.06
11.37
12.79
15.87
9.76
15.87
15.00
–
23.56
18.61
23.73
20.69
27.20
16.83
8.40
19.16
17.20
9.98
16.45
18.56
18.56
16.16
18.38
10.02
10.09
15.79
15.79
16.95
17.11
35.48
13.49
14.42
17.59
16.30
17.78
15.97
–
29.37
25.41
35.49
23.76
30.54
23.60
11.26
24.21
23.68
24.58
26.81
19.93
19.93
16.16
18.46
12.18
12.47
24.89
24.89
23.08
33.06
39.13
17.11
19.23
22.44
34.86
21.69
18.93
–
35.86
32.87
38.29
34.47
33.87
30.55
27.52
30.54
29.42
30.97
40.16
23.42
24.00
17.53
19.23
15.87
16.16
28.77
28.77
26.76
42.98
47.62
29.48
39.06
26.37
64.90
25.42
21.56
–
44.42
41.80
40.21
37.88
43.24
37.67
36.78
36.47
36.96
37.93
45.18
24.48
24.48
23.08
22.43
18.30
18.96
38.48
38.46
31.20
48.08
58.20
45.19
48.08
32.82
96.16
28.98
23.77
–
54.98
42.12
44.20
42.53
44.83
42.46
39.15
41.63
42.03
41.43
49.46
35.66
35.66
35.15
40.39
23.68
24.49
53.37
53.37
–
–
–
–
–
24.01
–
22.49
–
32.89
31.75
–
–
–
–
18.29
–
–
–
–
22.19
–
–
–
–
15.62
15.90
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16.05
–
16.00
–
21.00
19.76
–
–
–
–
6.28
–
–
–
–
10.00
–
–
–
–
10.82
13.19
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.51
–
18.46
–
21.00
20.51
–
–
–
–
10.00
–
–
–
–
13.70
–
–
–
–
14.40
14.40
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.48
–
21.25
–
34.00
25.04
–
–
–
–
16.00
–
–
–
–
16.00
–
–
–
–
15.60
15.60
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
27.52
–
26.39
–
38.00
40.80
–
–
–
–
25.32
–
–
–
–
30.00
–
–
–
–
16.56
16.20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
32.74
–
31.49
–
51.00
62.51
–
–
–
–
29.30
–
–
–
–
46.85
–
–
–
–
19.70
20.50
–
–
22.64
23.65
24.86
23.63
20.93
24.61
17.58
13.13
11.54
13.84
11.78
13.71
16.97
10.92
15.39
19.17
16.50
14.29
15.39
19.18
13.62
20.83
23.08
20.02
23.40
20.50
23.32
17.02
27.89
31.41
33.13
26.64
21.81
27.89
20.25
34.21
34.21
40.14
43.44
28.85
35.91
24.73
17.08
–
–
–
–
–
15.26
11.00
–
–
–
–
–
9.25
12.25
–
–
–
–
–
12.00
18.00
–
–
–
–
–
15.65
22.93
–
–
–
–
–
18.30
22.93
–
–
–
–
–
21.00
15.48
20.16
15.98
10.43
15.61
12.50
11.06
18.92
14.50
14.28
19.90
16.25
18.61
22.21
17.41
23.40
24.33
19.02
15.12
20.60
16.20
9.73
15.01
13.24
12.44
18.18
14.40
15.65
21.86
16.22
18.27
22.05
18.27
19.79
25.71
19.17
13.52
17.96
8.50
13.08
9.99
15.00
13.30
17.60
15.90
20.75
18.00
22.66
12.05
–
7.50
–
8.50
–
10.59
–
15.25
–
18.25
–
See footnotes at end of table.
13
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Part-time
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
75
90
$24.80
22.43
21.15
24.34
19.13
$26.69
26.03
21.15
26.79
34.68
23.21
27.19
34.34
47.12
42.51
53.21
27.44
15.16
20.29
23.00
38.06
48.00
29.39
37.88
34.34
44.71
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
39.90
40.48
79.33
40.48
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
42.51
52.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
44.11
33.33
49.55
44.35
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.00
26.44
–
–
–
–
–
–
28.29
49.03
23.76
20.61
31.97
25.75
33.67
29.21
79.33
28.85
25.86
35.00
30.29
48.08
–
–
20.03
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.57
–
–
–
–
–
–
16.00
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.79
–
–
–
–
–
–
29.33
–
–
–
–
24.04
27.18
–
–
–
–
–
–
37.07
67.31
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.61
24.74
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.38
26.36
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.77
22.00
16.17
28.85
38.99
38.65
–
6.79
–
–
5.25
–
–
5.50
–
–
6.16
–
–
7.25
–
–
8.95
–
32.05
47.77
–
–
–
–
–
–
43.27
14.08
13.81
17.69
52.83
19.53
13.81
18.75
–
7.16
6.37
–
–
5.40
5.25
–
–
5.45
5.40
–
–
6.50
6.00
–
–
7.90
6.80
–
–
10.11
8.27
–
15.02
20.29
18.06
25.96
10.39
–
7.00
–
7.75
–
9.50
–
12.16
–
14.10
–
17.04
19.12
17.46
23.85
20.55
19.50
–
–
12.27
–
–
8.94
–
–
9.62
–
–
11.70
–
–
14.29
–
–
18.75
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Professional specialty and technical
occupations (-Continued)
Technical occupations (-Continued)
Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ......... $20.77 $13.03 $17.31 $19.77
Drafters ............................................... 19.67 14.49 17.03 20.25
Chemical technicians .......................... 17.52 12.80 15.18 16.77
Computer programmers ..................... 21.00 13.00 16.95 20.69
Legal assistants .................................. 18.67 11.79 14.84 16.66
Technical and related occupations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 18.17 10.20 13.89 17.31
Executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations .............................................. 29.19 15.27 18.56 23.77
Executives, administrators, and
managers .......................................... 35.28 17.32 22.38 29.81
Administrators and officials, public
administration ............................... 24.90 18.63 19.24 22.83
Financial managers ............................ 30.91 16.58 20.10 25.12
Personnel and labor relations
managers ...................................... 36.31 18.53 18.99 39.90
Purchasing managers ......................... 31.79 22.16 22.16 34.01
Managers, marketing, advertising and
public relations .............................. 37.45 19.29 25.38 37.31
Administrators, education and related
fields ............................................. 32.42 19.24 23.94 28.30
Managers, medicine and health ......... 30.06 16.83 22.44 26.30
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments .............................. 18.30 11.15 12.13 15.47
Managers, service organizations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 23.86 12.11 16.83 26.44
Managers and administrators, N.E.C.
41.39 19.23 24.32 34.82
Management related occupations .......... 21.13 13.85 16.10 19.66
Accountants and auditors ................... 19.08 13.34 15.38 18.32
Underwriters ....................................... 23.77 14.50 17.28 20.46
Other financial officers ........................ 23.38 15.38 19.47 21.49
Management analysts ........................ 27.63 18.21 20.19 22.44
Personnel, training, and labor
relations specialists ...................... 20.04 13.85 16.10 19.23
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade,
except farm products .................... 32.77 15.27 19.23 21.63
Purchasing agents and buyers,
N.E.C. ........................................... 17.94 12.00 14.78 18.22
Inspectors and compliance officers,
except construction ....................... 21.70 19.66 19.66 21.72
Management related occupations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 21.18 14.42 16.14 20.07
Sales occupations .......................................... 18.77
7.00
9.98 13.81
Supervisors, sales occupations .......... 17.50
8.60 10.14 13.00
Sales occupations, other business
services ........................................ 23.40 10.10 10.82 18.27
Sales representatives, mining,
manufacturing, and wholesale ...... 32.26 14.94 20.05 28.80
Sales workers, other commodities ...... 11.85
6.00
7.95 10.00
Cashiers ............................................. 10.20
6.50
7.25
9.02
Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ..... 14.22
6.50
8.00 14.90
Administrative support occupations, including
clerical ...................................................... 12.80
8.19 10.00 12.30
Supervisors, general office ................. 19.07 14.82 17.00 18.00
Supervisors, financial records
processing .................................... 17.13 13.20 15.56 16.83
Computer operators ............................ 16.52 11.51 14.24 16.41
Secretaries ......................................... 14.81 10.00 12.36 14.50
See footnotes at end of table.
14
$24.16 $15.57 $16.00 $21.03 $27.40 $39.90
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including
clerical (-Continued)
Typists ................................................ $12.52 $10.00 $10.50 $13.30
Interviewers ........................................ 11.49
8.81
9.91 11.17
Transportation ticket and reservation
agents ...........................................
–
–
–
–
Receptionists ...................................... 10.60
7.00
9.00 10.70
Information clerks, N.E.C. ................... 12.80
8.25
9.02 13.56
Order clerks ........................................ 12.44
8.80
9.61 11.25
Personnel clerks except payroll and
timekeeping .................................. 14.67 11.31 13.00 14.38
Library clerks ...................................... 13.36 10.22 11.72 13.19
Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 11.70
8.17
8.78 10.50
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing
clerks ............................................ 12.62
9.50 10.75 12.56
Payroll and timekeeping clerks ........... 13.33 11.06 11.49 12.79
Billing clerks ........................................
9.73
8.17
8.17
9.38
Telephone operators .......................... 11.73
9.32 11.00 12.02
Mail clerks except postal service ........
9.38
8.17
8.33
8.93
Production coordinators ...................... 17.91 14.02 16.18 18.63
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks
12.24
9.05 10.00 12.08
Stock and inventory clerks .................. 14.60 10.99 12.50 13.68
Material recording, scheduling, and
distribution clerks, N.E.C. ............. 12.17
8.56
9.92 11.90
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and
investigators ................................. 15.43 10.58 12.77 14.46
Investigators and adjusters except
insurance ...................................... 12.40
9.62 10.16 11.51
Bill and account collectors .................. 12.85 10.00 11.68 13.00
General office clerks ........................... 12.42
8.50 10.46 12.58
Data entry keyers ............................... 11.93
9.36 10.42 12.45
Teachers’ aides ..................................
9.90
6.77
8.00 10.00
Administrative support occupations,
N.E.C. ........................................... 12.95
9.59
9.59 10.25
Blue-collar occupations ...................................
Precision production, craft, and repair
occupations ..............................................
Automobile mechanics .......................
Bus, truck, and stationary engine
mechanics ....................................
Industrial machinery repairers ............
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........
Carpenters ..........................................
Electricians .........................................
Electrical power installers and
repairers .......................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters
Construction trades, N.E.C. ................
Supervisors, production occupations ..
Machinists ...........................................
Electrical and electronic equipment
assemblers ...................................
Butchers and meat cutters ..................
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors .................................................
Fabricating machine operators,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Molding and casting machine
operators ......................................
Printing press operators .....................
Photoengravers and lithographers .....
Part-time
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
75
90
$14.18
13.20
$14.18
14.50
–
$10.97
–
$8.00
–
12.37
16.61
14.84
–
14.04
17.31
19.43
12.16
9.23
–
7.65
7.50
7.29
–
6.50
9.39
8.00
–
6.80
11.34
9.17
–
7.40
14.61
10.00
–
7.70
17.18
11.83
–
9.70
17.23
15.60
13.79
17.23
16.23
18.06
–
11.63
–
–
8.93
–
–
10.63
–
–
12.30
–
–
12.30
–
–
12.75
–
14.82
16.68
10.92
12.34
9.74
19.23
14.42
17.17
15.81
16.68
11.75
12.34
13.08
20.70
15.18
18.04
10.42
–
–
7.61
–
–
–
–
6.00
–
–
6.00
–
–
–
–
9.00
–
–
7.00
–
–
–
–
10.45
–
–
7.50
–
–
–
–
12.80
–
–
8.14
–
–
–
–
13.94
–
–
9.38
–
–
–
–
13.89
15.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.32
20.86
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.54
13.95
14.38
12.95
11.30
17.03
15.05
15.51
15.65
13.11
–
–
10.45
7.86
11.26
–
–
6.00
6.25
7.55
–
–
7.50
6.25
8.20
–
–
9.00
8.00
10.58
–
–
14.10
9.00
12.65
–
–
16.80
10.00
19.03
17.34
19.14
10.89
8.01
8.84
11.29
12.00
13.92
11.00
–
–
–
–
$9.54 $11.20 $12.36 $13.01
14.02
7.75
10.00
13.08
17.10
21.82
7.96
5.25
6.00
7.09
9.00
17.58
17.59
11.00
11.14
13.33
12.22
17.06
19.01
21.77
20.55
24.90
21.89
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.30
15.69
17.19
21.23
20.87
13.30
11.75
13.09
14.15
14.90
13.33
13.00
14.91
20.37
16.30
23.09
14.20
17.41
21.65
21.50
23.65
17.30
18.89
24.39
23.44
24.29
20.32
21.20
25.67
27.30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.92
17.95
15.47
17.59
18.08
21.29
13.00
9.32
11.25
14.99
22.05
14.08
12.58
12.00
15.85
23.26
19.35
14.46
17.07
18.08
26.69
21.67
20.35
21.00
19.37
27.01
23.24
20.55
24.30
21.91
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.02
12.37
7.91
6.40
10.00
9.00
12.43
12.00
14.11
15.09
14.91
19.48
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.52
7.10
8.62
11.68
13.75
15.78
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.91
8.75
11.28
12.06
13.46
13.83
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.70
14.72
13.69
7.75
8.75
8.50
7.87
11.75
8.50
9.05
14.75
13.80
11.29
17.61
15.86
14.70
19.99
21.69
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
15
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Percentiles
Mean
Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors (-Continued)
Textile sewing machine operators ......
Packaging and filling machine
operators ......................................
Miscellaneous machine operators,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Welders and cutters ............................
Assemblers .........................................
Production inspectors, checkers and
examiners .....................................
Production testers ...............................
Transportation and material moving
occupations ..............................................
Truck drivers .......................................
Bus drivers ..........................................
Excavating and loading machine
operators ......................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment
operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .....................................................
Groundskeepers and gardeners
except farm ...................................
Construction laborers .........................
Production helpers ..............................
Stock handlers and baggers ...............
Machine feeders and offbearers .........
Freight, stock, and material handlers,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Hand packers and packagers .............
Laborers except construction, N.E.C.
Service occupations .........................................
Protective service occupations ...............
Supervisors, firefighters and fire
prevention occupations .................
Supervisors, police and detectives .....
Firefighting occupations ......................
Police and detectives, public service ..
Guards and police except public
service ..........................................
Protective service occupations,
N.E.C. ...........................................
Food service occupations .......................
Supervisors, food preparation and
service occupations ......................
Waiters and waitresses ......................
Cooks .................................................
Food counter, fountain, and related
occupations ..................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ......
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ..........
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C.
Health service occupations .....................
Health aides, except nursing ..............
Nursing aides, orderlies and
attendants .....................................
Cleaning and building service
occupations ......................................
Supervisors, cleaning and building
service workers .............................
Part-time
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$9.65
$7.00
$7.91
$9.19
$11.59
$12.27
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.25
6.25
7.60
10.45
12.50
14.58
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.81
15.29
9.99
8.00
13.09
6.31
9.75
15.03
7.37
11.90
15.03
9.19
13.42
16.48
12.20
15.13
17.63
14.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.02
11.50
7.55
8.45
8.28
10.43
10.94
12.01
12.26
13.15
15.69
13.20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.01
14.56
15.20
9.30
9.90
8.50
11.75
11.60
13.00
14.03
13.40
15.59
19.53
16.78
19.98
20.57
20.02
19.98
$11.21
–
–
$7.50
–
–
24.03
18.45
23.95
25.56
25.56
25.56
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.91
7.00
9.00
11.46
12.66
13.64
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.10
7.00
8.00
10.00
13.25
18.60
7.20
5.25
5.75
6.70
8.00
10.00
12.77
14.96
9.28
10.03
10.59
11.67
7.00
6.50
7.42
6.25
12.21
9.75
7.10
8.78
8.52
12.52
17.81
8.40
9.50
10.74
13.91
19.90
12.26
11.43
13.08
14.82
19.90
12.26
13.69
14.63
–
–
–
6.38
–
–
–
–
5.25
–
–
–
–
5.35
–
–
–
–
6.25
–
–
–
–
7.03
–
–
–
–
8.15
–
10.56
8.68
11.32
7.00
6.05
6.00
8.00
7.00
8.25
10.00
8.07
10.00
11.53
9.49
14.12
15.93
13.64
20.18
9.57
–
7.65
6.00
–
6.25
8.97
–
6.80
10.00
–
7.34
11.00
–
8.50
11.00
–
9.39
11.69
15.29
6.96
7.25
8.36
10.10
10.30
16.71
14.36
19.31
18.95
20.39
7.18
7.79
2.63
6.00
6.00
6.50
7.24
7.21
8.70
8.50
10.00
10.00
21.47
24.99
16.41
18.09
18.54
18.18
12.87
14.63
18.98
21.25
14.26
16.89
21.32
23.64
16.65
18.56
22.99
33.19
18.27
19.69
26.25
33.19
20.07
20.21
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.91
6.30
7.00
8.00
9.71
13.10
7.33
6.00
6.25
7.00
7.75
9.06
–
8.74
–
2.63
–
6.50
–
8.50
–
11.00
–
13.36
7.32
5.48
6.95
2.63
7.00
2.63
7.00
5.60
7.25
7.00
8.50
9.00
13.60
6.08
10.09
10.49
2.63
7.25
11.30
2.63
8.15
13.30
5.03
10.00
16.11
9.50
11.34
19.69
10.00
13.37
–
3.10
8.65
–
2.63
6.50
–
2.63
7.00
–
2.63
8.00
–
2.63
10.25
–
3.75
11.50
–
9.37
–
7.52
9.97
9.98
–
6.50
–
5.50
8.00
7.87
–
7.00
–
6.00
8.62
8.34
–
8.00
–
7.00
9.56
9.25
–
12.00
–
8.99
11.23
10.50
–
12.50
–
10.15
12.25
13.09
7.04
7.70
5.38
6.59
9.28
9.13
5.50
6.50
3.25
5.25
7.34
6.76
5.50
6.50
4.25
6.00
8.32
7.89
6.00
7.55
5.25
6.50
9.00
8.85
8.41
8.95
7.00
7.00
9.99
9.33
11.10
9.40
8.00
8.00
11.33
10.59
9.91
8.00
8.65
9.56
11.16
11.99
9.27
7.50
8.45
9.05
10.00
11.33
11.12
7.00
8.45
10.79
13.50
15.35
8.32
6.75
7.44
8.40
8.50
10.00
17.17
10.04
13.46
16.23
23.80
24.50
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
16
$9.75 $10.50 $13.00 $13.00
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Full-time
Occupation3
Percentiles
Mean
Service occupations (-Continued)
Cleaning and building service
occupations (-Continued)
Maids and housemen .........................
Janitors and cleaners .........................
Personal service occupations .................
Welfare service aides .........................
Child care workers, N.E.C. .................
Service occupations, N.E.C. ...............
Part-time
$7.74
11.34
13.47
–
8.98
9.79
Percentiles
Mean
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$6.25
7.84
7.34
–
6.80
8.49
$6.70
8.65
8.49
–
8.04
9.13
$7.25
11.44
10.10
–
8.84
9.13
$8.61
13.50
12.50
–
10.05
10.35
$10.00
14.87
23.77
–
10.73
11.72
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in
the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive
the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the
rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less
than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than
the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based
–
$8.10
7.68
7.57
–
8.62
10
25
Median
50
75
90
–
$6.75
5.30
5.25
–
5.75
–
$7.44
6.08
6.50
–
6.50
–
$8.40
6.90
7.63
–
8.32
–
$8.40
8.70
8.63
–
10.00
–
$8.55
10.27
9.45
–
12.50
on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the
minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover
all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine
major occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
17
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
All industries
Occupation3
Mean
weekly
hours4
Weekly earnings
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
Annual earnings
Mean
Median
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
39.2
39.1
$742
742
$617
620
1,985
1,980
$37,599
37,530
$31,782
31,990
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
38.9
38.8
858
867
724
736
1,957
1,947
43,179
43,515
36,400
37,073
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Aerospace engineers ............................................
Civil engineers ......................................................
Electrical and electronic engineers .......................
Industrial engineers ..............................................
Mechanical engineers ...........................................
Engineers, N.E.C. .................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Computer systems analysts and scientists ...........
Operations and systems researchers and
analysts ..........................................................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Physicists and astronomers ..................................
Chemists, except biochemists ..............................
Medical scientists .................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Respiratory therapists ...........................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Art, drama and music teachers .............................
English teachers ...................................................
Foreign language teachers ...................................
Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. .........................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Teachers, special education .................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Librarians ..............................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Economists ...........................................................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................
Social workers ......................................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
Lawyers ................................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Technical writers ...................................................
Designers .............................................................
Editors and reporters ............................................
Public relations specialists ....................................
Professional occupations, N.E.C. .........................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Radiological technicians .......................................
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. .......
Electrical and electronic technicians .....................
Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ...........................
Drafters .................................................................
Chemical technicians ............................................
Computer programmers .......................................
Legal assistants ....................................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ..........
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Executives, administrators, and managers ...............
38.3
38.0
39.9
41.2
39.3
40.0
41.3
40.5
39.5
39.6
39.7
981
1,059
1,196
1,481
1,062
1,266
1,121
1,148
1,211
1,152
1,182
912
1,002
1,144
1,495
1,146
1,177
1,073
1,040
1,061
1,134
1,166
1,864
1,817
2,076
2,140
2,042
2,081
2,146
2,108
2,051
2,061
2,066
47,739
50,692
62,179
77,017
55,223
65,830
58,307
59,676
62,969
59,897
61,485
43,992
47,001
59,467
77,735
59,592
61,191
55,806
54,059
55,185
58,988
60,632
38.8
39.4
40.0
38.3
39.5
38.9
45.0
38.3
39.4
36.0
35.2
35.6
37.4
38.1
33.9
35.7
33.6
34.2
34.1
33.1
36.7
36.9
35.3
39.5
37.4
37.3
39.2
39.4
892
1,219
1,694
933
1,048
970
1,932
849
751
1,368
1,120
1,300
1,270
1,356
1,029
847
1,025
1,028
1,014
1,189
910
920
755
954
587
597
1,288
1,250
847
1,298
1,565
684
769
860
2,058
810
756
1,264
1,233
1,390
1,293
1,151
1,030
1,027
1,025
987
1,061
1,330
840
840
561
769
534
539
1,079
1,079
2,019
2,049
2,080
1,992
2,053
1,993
2,342
1,988
2,046
1,539
1,402
1,401
1,538
1,600
1,278
1,478
1,248
1,275
1,279
1,265
1,722
1,713
1,835
2,056
1,943
1,940
2,037
2,047
46,404
63,399
88,103
48,537
54,519
49,749
100,486
44,080
39,061
58,433
44,635
51,159
52,267
56,925
38,773
35,025
38,132
38,288
37,997
45,502
42,692
42,747
39,237
49,618
30,492
31,027
66,861
65,013
44,034
67,496
81,390
35,589
39,998
43,430
106,995
41,808
39,333
55,505
45,490
54,215
50,412
44,665
39,170
41,443
38,896
38,205
40,476
49,085
42,060
41,309
29,170
39,998
27,749
28,022
56,102
56,102
38.9
40.0
39.6
36.4
39.6
38.9
39.4
39.3
40.0
38.6
39.8
39.4
39.9
40.0
40.0
39.1
38.6
39.6
40.3
40.6
880
946
983
861
829
957
693
609
806
617
538
708
830
787
701
822
720
719
1,176
1,433
820
923
801
866
820
933
670
540
796
640
528
702
791
810
671
803
615
692
958
1,188
2,017
2,080
2,057
1,894
2,060
2,023
2,049
2,045
2,080
2,007
2,068
2,049
2,077
2,080
2,080
2,035
2,005
2,059
2,087
2,099
45,656
49,187
51,140
44,761
43,113
49,774
36,020
31,657
41,933
32,075
27,967
36,795
43,155
40,911
36,435
42,737
37,445
37,407
60,932
74,048
42,640
48,006
41,642
45,009
42,640
48,506
34,840
28,059
41,392
33,280
27,456
36,504
41,122
42,120
34,882
41,746
31,996
36,005
49,442
61,243
See footnotes at end of table.
18
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Occupation3
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations
(-Continued)
Executives, administrators, and managers
(-Continued)
Administrators and officials, public administration
Financial managers ..............................................
Personnel and labor relations managers ..............
Purchasing managers ...........................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations ..........................................................
Administrators, education and related fields .........
Managers, medicine and health ...........................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .............
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ..................
Management related occupations ............................
Accountants and auditors .....................................
Underwriters .........................................................
Other financial officers ..........................................
Management analysts ..........................................
Personnel, training, and labor relations
specialists .......................................................
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm
products ..........................................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................
Inspectors and compliance officers, except
construction ....................................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............
Sales occupations ............................................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................
Sales occupations, other business services .........
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale .................................................
Sales workers, other commodities ........................
Cashiers ...............................................................
Sales support occupations, N.E.C. .......................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical .....
Supervisors, general office ...................................
Supervisors, financial records processing ............
Computer operators ..............................................
Secretaries ...........................................................
Typists ..................................................................
Interviewers ..........................................................
Receptionists ........................................................
Information clerks, N.E.C. .....................................
Order clerks ..........................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks ........................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. .........................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................
Billing clerks ..........................................................
Telephone operators ............................................
Mail clerks except postal service ..........................
Production coordinators ........................................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
Stock and inventory clerks ....................................
Material recording, scheduling, and distribution
clerks, N.E.C. ..................................................
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and
investigators ...................................................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ......
Bill and account collectors ....................................
General office clerks .............................................
Mean
weekly
hours4
Median
Mean
annual
hours
Mean
Mean
37.7
41.4
42.1
42.1
$938
1,279
1,529
1,340
$873
1,060
1,496
1,336
1,959
2,151
2,190
2,191
$48,779
66,488
79,495
69,665
$45,391
55,141
77,805
69,493
41.0
40.0
39.3
1,537
1,298
1,181
1,492
1,077
1,019
2,134
1,948
2,042
79,919
63,139
61,391
77,605
56,024
52,995
41.8
39.7
40.9
39.9
39.2
38.2
39.8
42.2
766
947
1,692
842
747
908
930
1,167
619
1,058
1,414
760
696
767
908
831
2,175
2,064
2,121
2,072
2,037
1,987
2,067
2,197
39,809
49,246
87,779
43,781
38,866
47,231
48,344
60,692
32,178
54,995
72,800
39,520
36,192
39,897
47,195
43,232
40.2
805
769
2,088
41,849
39,998
41.2
39.9
1,351
717
865
729
2,144
2,077
70,247
37,263
44,990
37,898
40.2
40.1
39.9
43.9
39.8
872
850
749
769
930
885
760
552
561
731
2,091
2,086
2,075
2,285
2,068
45,367
44,190
38,950
39,984
48,380
46,004
39,541
28,725
29,172
38,002
40.7
37.2
38.7
39.9
38.5
38.9
39.8
37.7
38.5
37.1
39.4
37.6
37.6
39.2
40.0
35.0
39.5
39.3
38.0
39.5
38.0
38.2
39.5
39.9
39.0
1,313
441
395
567
492
742
682
623
570
464
452
399
482
488
587
468
461
496
506
384
445
358
706
488
569
1,152
380
360
596
472
702
673
669
565
477
433
387
509
440
575
466
412
492
505
356
440
338
699
483
550
2,116
1,934
2,013
2,075
1,967
2,023
2,070
1,785
1,984
1,903
2,047
1,956
1,956
2,040
2,080
1,737
2,051
2,044
1,975
2,055
1,974
1,986
2,052
2,048
2,027
68,260
22,920
20,539
29,506
25,165
38,567
35,448
29,482
29,376
23,817
23,525
20,739
25,043
25,372
30,510
23,220
23,992
25,805
26,335
19,994
23,163
18,635
36,735
25,060
29,601
59,904
19,760
18,720
30,992
24,206
36,504
35,006
33,925
29,328
24,752
22,526
20,134
26,442
22,880
29,910
24,239
21,445
25,605
26,247
18,491
22,880
17,555
36,329
25,126
28,621
39.9
485
476
2,073
25,225
24,752
37.6
39.1
39.6
37.4
580
485
509
464
533
454
513
457
1,954
2,035
2,061
1,933
30,138
25,231
26,478
24,018
27,706
23,587
26,686
23,678
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Weekly earnings
Annual earnings
Median
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Occupation3
Mean
weekly
hours4
Weekly earnings
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
Annual earnings
Mean
Median
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
Data entry keyers .................................................
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
37.5
33.1
38.9
$448
327
504
$444
319
420
1,952
1,240
2,023
$23,293
12,274
26,203
$23,096
11,828
21,840
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Carpenters ............................................................
Electricians ...........................................................
Electrical power installers and repairers ...............
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Machinists .............................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..
Butchers and meat cutters ....................................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................
Molding and casting machine operators ...............
Printing press operators .......................................
Photoengravers and lithographers .......................
Textile sewing machine operators ........................
Packaging and filling machine operators ..............
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Production testers .................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Truck drivers .........................................................
Bus drivers ............................................................
Excavating and loading machine operators ..........
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .......
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
39.9
40.0
41.7
40.0
39.9
39.2
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.6
39.7
39.9
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.7
40.0
39.7
40.0
39.8
39.9
40.0
40.0
39.8
40.0
40.1
39.7
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.7
40.0
40.0
38.6
39.4
40.0
39.8
39.4
40.0
560
703
733
812
626
674
849
835
957
718
619
715
718
480
495
460
476
385
589
544
386
407
472
612
400
438
460
601
578
608
961
436
440
511
599
358
395
423
420
342
452
523
679
760
924
560
658
866
860
930
774
578
755
723
497
480
467
482
362
590
552
368
399
476
601
368
436
480
560
534
624
1,022
458
400
501
712
336
374
430
400
320
400
2,043
2,074
2,166
2,080
2,073
2,040
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,112
2,065
2,077
2,080
2,025
2,080
1,760
2,080
2,066
2,080
2,067
2,077
2,080
2,080
1,873
2,080
2,039
2,065
1,920
2,073
2,080
2,022
2,016
2,080
2,005
2,033
2,080
2,070
1,855
2,078
28,652
36,458
38,112
42,226
32,534
35,069
44,148
43,403
49,763
37,336
32,174
37,159
37,322
24,966
25,730
23,328
24,774
17,067
30,608
28,294
20,070
21,181
24,526
31,802
20,780
20,633
23,916
30,611
30,072
29,181
49,806
22,691
22,444
25,742
31,125
18,612
20,394
22,018
21,866
16,103
23,515
27,040
35,298
39,541
48,027
29,120
34,237
45,032
44,720
48,381
40,248
30,077
39,242
37,606
25,854
24,960
23,920
25,085
17,555
30,680
28,704
19,115
20,758
24,752
31,262
19,115
21,538
24,981
27,560
27,768
27,040
53,165
23,837
20,426
26,042
37,045
17,472
19,448
22,339
20,800
16,494
20,800
Service occupations ...........................................................
Protective service occupations .................................
Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention
occupations ....................................................
Supervisors, police and detectives .......................
Firefighting occupations ........................................
Police and detectives, public service ....................
Guards and police except public service ..............
Food service occupations .........................................
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations ....................................................
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
Cooks ...................................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
Health service occupations .......................................
Health aides, except nursing ................................
39.3
40.6
459
620
402
693
2,032
2,109
23,752
32,260
20,800
36,026
41.5
39.6
44.1
39.8
39.7
39.0
891
991
724
719
353
341
895
946
703
742
320
334
2,158
2,062
2,295
2,068
2,063
2,004
46,315
51,528
37,656
37,401
18,380
17,510
46,563
49,171
36,545
38,605
16,640
16,640
43.9
39.0
38.4
39.0
38.2
38.9
39.2
597
237
387
365
287
387
391
577
201
380
320
280
375
367
2,284
2,027
1,935
2,028
1,943
2,011
1,977
31,063
12,325
19,528
18,999
14,610
20,056
19,730
30,001
10,462
19,552
16,640
14,477
19,469
19,094
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All industries
Occupation3
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations (-Continued)
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
Cleaning and building service occupations ..............
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ...........................................................
Maids and housemen ...........................................
Janitors and cleaners ...........................................
Personal service occupations ...................................
Child care workers, N.E.C. ...................................
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
Mean
weekly
hours4
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
38.8
39.1
$384
434
$376
421
2,016
2,031
$19,981
22,573
$19,539
21,902
39.4
38.3
39.2
34.4
40.0
38.9
676
297
444
464
359
381
649
280
452
410
354
365
2,046
1,991
2,036
1,758
2,017
1,937
35,139
15,420
23,089
23,677
18,110
18,972
33,758
14,560
23,483
21,312
17,722
18,990
1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips.
The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours.
The median designates
position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half
receive the same as or less than the rate shown.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
Weekly earnings
Annual earnings
Mean
Median
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used
to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified
into one of nine major occupational groups.
4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a
week, exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may
include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere
classified."
21
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
All workers 4
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
$17.99
18.21
$17.57
17.80
$20.25
20.28
$18.94
18.95
$10.89
11.80
White-collar occupations ...................................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Level 14 ............................................................
Level 15 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Level 14 ............................................................
Level 15 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
21.14
6.64
7.63
10.12
11.59
13.11
14.46
18.24
19.01
24.88
24.19
29.26
37.68
45.90
61.64
55.94
27.96
21.86
7.41
8.59
10.29
11.67
13.30
14.57
18.26
19.02
24.89
23.82
28.46
37.11
45.80
61.64
55.94
28.04
20.84
6.61
7.38
9.56
11.36
12.88
14.30
17.84
19.12
22.09
24.43
29.49
37.65
45.96
62.58
55.94
29.48
21.67
7.37
8.33
9.80
11.41
13.06
14.41
17.84
19.13
21.84
24.05
28.52
37.04
45.85
62.58
55.94
29.63
22.75
–
9.40
11.87
13.11
15.46
15.88
20.42
18.03
31.42
21.83
28.22
38.24
–
–
–
21.26
22.82
–
9.45
11.63
13.14
15.46
15.88
20.47
18.03
31.42
21.83
28.22
38.24
–
–
–
21.26
22.07
7.38
8.49
10.47
11.74
13.11
14.40
18.22
18.62
25.36
24.29
29.21
37.54
45.88
61.57
55.94
28.36
22.35
7.81
8.70
10.61
11.73
13.30
14.51
18.24
18.60
25.40
23.91
28.39
36.94
45.77
61.57
55.94
28.45
13.41
6.44
6.78
8.59
10.39
13.19
15.38
18.52
22.14
19.56
22.48
31.00
43.42
–
–
–
17.77
16.45
7.04
8.20
8.83
11.05
13.29
15.38
18.52
22.14
19.56
22.48
31.00
43.42
–
–
–
17.17
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Level 14 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
25.06
27.29
12.27
13.97
19.29
20.93
26.48
22.12
28.91
36.17
45.77
52.28
27.80
29.95
19.52
23.66
24.02
29.55
36.81
44.03
38.29
29.07
18.63
19.15
23.36
23.26
28.85
24.30
26.84
12.00
13.47
18.14
21.13
21.71
22.53
28.99
36.04
45.70
52.28
30.13
30.10
19.52
23.66
24.02
29.94
36.81
44.03
38.29
29.55
18.63
19.15
24.14
23.26
28.92
28.07
28.72
–
16.42
21.79
18.51
32.78
18.47
28.63
–
–
–
18.26
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25.61
27.90
12.42
13.87
19.37
20.19
27.50
22.04
28.87
35.91
45.70
52.02
28.06
29.95
19.52
23.66
24.02
29.55
36.81
44.03
38.29
29.07
18.63
19.15
23.40
23.26
28.85
20.24
21.85
–
14.47
18.84
23.53
19.27
22.94
30.07
44.94
–
–
18.64
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Occupational group3 and level
See footnotes at end of table.
22
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers 4
Occupational group3 and level
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Mathematical and computer scientists (-Continued)
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Social, religious, and recreation workers ..................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Level 14 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Executives, administrators, and managers ...............
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
23
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$33.00
41.33
31.02
44.40
24.71
16.38
18.90
22.38
24.32
19.14
26.50
37.29
23.13
26.55
29.65
43.07
29.73
11.40
15.98
22.53
19.68
34.49
30.24
24.77
25.86
–
15.68
15.22
15.54
32.83
$33.00
41.33
31.28
44.40
24.84
17.03
18.95
22.51
23.66
20.10
26.31
38.23
24.11
26.91
29.89
47.49
16.99
10.83
–
18.85
18.72
21.04
–
23.29
–
–
14.49
12.29
15.13
34.67
–
–
–
–
$23.63
–
–
–
26.82
–
27.39
34.09
–
–
–
–
31.49
–
–
22.93
–
35.13
–
26.35
28.30
–
18.18
–
–
–
$32.90
41.33
30.95
44.18
24.96
15.51
18.71
21.63
24.29
18.00
24.91
37.97
–
28.10
30.36
41.92
30.34
11.58
–
22.66
18.67
34.48
–
24.79
25.92
21.39
15.69
15.28
15.67
32.82
–
–
–
–
$24.01
–
19.11
24.15
24.44
–
34.78
31.75
–
–
–
–
18.29
–
–
–
–
35.95
–
–
–
–
15.62
–
–
–
22.25
18.82
18.55
21.06
30.56
33.59
17.05
17.32
11.19
14.42
15.47
18.77
17.77
23.39
35.67
22.35
29.11
14.92
14.32
16.72
17.32
21.90
25.69
27.12
38.26
45.82
67.74
31.25
35.16
13.72
16.03
22.61
19.38
18.55
21.06
30.56
33.59
17.11
17.22
11.00
14.33
15.54
18.79
17.76
23.48
36.02
–
29.66
13.60
14.32
16.52
17.19
21.82
25.66
27.17
38.22
45.97
69.90
32.01
36.10
13.72
15.87
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.88
14.92
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.91
–
–
18.40
18.10
22.38
–
26.88
38.95
–
–
25.81
28.49
–
–
22.64
18.82
18.55
21.24
30.56
33.59
16.94
17.58
11.40
14.28
15.28
18.74
17.92
23.33
35.67
–
29.19
14.93
14.32
16.76
17.32
21.91
25.84
27.11
38.19
45.82
67.74
31.24
35.28
13.72
16.08
17.08
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.26
10.10
15.25
16.36
19.11
15.43
–
–
–
24.16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
27.44
–
–
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers 4
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Executives, administrators, and managers
(-Continued)
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Level 14 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Management related occupations ............................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Sales occupations ............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical .....
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
$17.30
22.17
25.56
28.05
40.66
45.67
68.54
34.86
21.11
15.04
14.73
16.91
17.32
21.64
25.94
24.52
30.96
22.93
14.84
6.56
9.00
11.12
11.64
12.78
17.53
18.91
24.73
28.59
38.26
54.94
12.55
7.41
8.58
10.29
11.76
12.91
14.48
17.47
17.56
21.25
16.50
$17.17
22.14
25.48
28.40
40.76
45.82
70.97
35.62
21.32
13.71
14.73
16.70
17.19
21.55
25.94
24.48
30.96
23.67
14.85
6.55
8.31
11.13
11.64
12.78
17.67
18.91
24.73
28.59
38.26
54.94
12.45
7.37
8.33
9.78
11.48
12.75
14.26
17.54
17.80
21.27
15.07
–
$22.35
–
26.92
38.95
–
–
29.40
19.28
–
–
18.71
18.12
22.42
–
–
–
–
14.47
–
17.62
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.06
–
9.43
11.68
13.23
14.65
15.90
17.00
–
–
–
$17.30
22.21
25.79
28.05
40.60
45.67
68.54
34.87
21.13
15.04
14.73
16.94
17.32
21.63
25.94
24.41
30.97
22.93
18.77
–
9.49
11.76
11.64
12.78
17.53
18.91
24.73
28.59
38.26
54.94
12.80
7.81
8.69
10.60
11.78
12.92
14.48
17.50
17.56
21.25
16.85
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$20.03
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.79
6.36
7.49
8.87
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.39
7.04
8.17
8.78
11.58
12.73
14.52
–
–
–
–
Blue-collar occupations .........................................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
13.68
7.88
9.96
10.79
12.02
15.59
15.56
18.25
18.37
23.15
17.60
10.19
9.87
12.34
17.00
16.08
18.87
18.66
23.12
13.37
7.78
9.91
10.70
11.83
15.28
15.67
18.00
18.06
23.17
17.43
10.19
–
12.34
16.91
16.14
18.54
18.31
23.13
17.13
12.60
11.48
12.34
16.25
18.05
14.67
19.30
–
–
18.91
–
–
–
17.87
–
20.29
–
–
14.02
8.52
10.21
10.90
12.02
15.59
15.56
18.24
18.23
23.15
17.58
10.19
9.87
12.34
17.01
16.09
18.86
18.50
23.12
7.96
6.24
8.44
8.37
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Occupational group3 and level
See footnotes at end of table.
24
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers 4
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
$11.42
7.14
9.35
9.92
11.17
12.80
13.53
16.29
14.80
11.32
13.46
18.29
17.15
17.44
10.34
7.40
10.17
11.85
11.80
12.81
$11.22
7.14
9.26
9.92
11.17
12.80
13.34
16.13
14.46
11.30
13.22
18.13
–
17.44
10.10
7.19
10.14
11.71
11.17
12.52
$15.99
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17.02
–
–
–
–
–
13.75
–
–
13.39
16.25
–
$11.52
7.40
9.38
9.95
11.17
12.80
13.53
16.29
15.01
11.36
13.49
18.36
17.15
17.44
11.10
8.19
10.72
12.18
11.86
12.81
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$11.21
–
–
–
–
–
7.20
6.39
8.10
8.06
–
–
Service occupations ...........................................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Protective service occupations ...............................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Food service occupations ........................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Health service occupations .....................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Cleaning and building service occupations ............
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Personal service occupations .................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
10.57
7.50
8.27
8.73
10.15
15.16
14.73
17.76
16.70
22.03
14.54
7.41
10.16
8.11
13.17
17.26
17.10
18.04
21.64
7.50
5.89
5.93
6.15
9.10
10.83
9.81
7.51
10.14
9.60
9.67
10.02
10.66
10.56
8.75
10.08
11.76
13.49
10.45
7.04
6.92
8.76
9.91
8.70
7.14
7.35
8.36
9.50
12.05
12.08
16.37
–
–
8.63
–
–
7.80
–
12.37
–
–
–
7.44
5.86
5.72
6.03
9.10
10.82
9.48
7.49
8.72
9.35
9.59
9.60
–
9.59
8.25
9.32
11.29
–
10.23
–
6.79
8.68
8.85
15.58
10.80
10.91
12.05
13.34
17.50
17.08
18.10
–
22.03
17.89
–
–
11.74
13.81
17.91
17.11
18.04
21.64
9.15
–
8.45
–
–
–
11.23
–
11.03
11.65
10.77
–
–
13.33
11.42
12.42
13.40
13.94
12.07
–
–
–
–
11.69
7.87
9.26
9.57
10.33
16.22
14.73
17.72
16.70
22.03
15.29
–
10.29
8.86
13.42
17.27
17.10
18.04
21.64
8.74
5.98
6.45
7.49
9.41
12.03
9.97
–
10.37
9.66
9.63
10.70
–
11.12
9.24
10.25
11.88
13.65
13.47
–
–
9.52
10.43
7.18
6.94
6.40
6.96
9.22
9.00
–
–
–
–
7.79
8.96
–
7.00
–
–
–
–
–
5.48
5.81
5.51
4.52
–
–
9.28
–
8.77
9.43
9.85
–
–
8.32
7.87
8.52
–
–
7.68
7.04
6.52
8.10
–
Occupational group3 and level
See footnotes at end of table.
25
Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry,
State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers 4
Occupational group3 and level
Service occupations (-Continued)
Personal service occupations (-Continued)
Level 5 ..............................................................
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed
by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours.
2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an
establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge,
complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to
determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for
more information.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$19.82
$19.82
–
–
–
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time
schedule.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did
not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
26
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
White-collar occupations:
Professional specialty and technical occupations:
Professional specialty occupations:
Aerospace engineers ............................................
Civil engineers ......................................................
Electrical and electronic engineers .......................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Industrial engineers ..............................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Mechanical engineers ...........................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Engineers, N.E.C. .................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Computer systems analysts and scientists ...........
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Operations and systems researchers and
analysts ..........................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Physicists and astronomers ..................................
Chemists, except biochemists ..............................
Medical scientists .................................................
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Pharmacists ..........................................................
Respiratory therapists ...........................................
Occupational therapists ........................................
Physical therapists ................................................
Medical science teachers .....................................
Art, drama and music teachers .............................
English teachers ...................................................
Foreign language teachers ...................................
Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. .........................
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Teachers, special education .................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ................
Librarians ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Economists ...........................................................
Social workers ......................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Recreation workers ...............................................
Lawyers ................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
27
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$35.99
27.04
31.63
23.57
29.61
27.17
23.04
28.31
35.28
30.70
23.60
29.10
37.05
29.76
19.21
24.32
23.26
28.77
33.12
41.33
$35.99
22.59
31.63
23.57
29.61
27.17
23.04
28.31
35.28
31.47
23.60
30.86
37.05
30.20
19.21
25.24
23.26
28.84
33.12
41.33
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$35.99
27.04
31.63
23.57
29.61
27.17
23.04
28.31
35.28
30.70
23.60
29.10
37.05
29.76
19.21
24.38
23.26
28.77
33.02
41.33
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.98
20.83
42.36
24.37
27.08
43.61
22.27
16.46
18.94
22.57
23.52
26.45
23.95
19.15
23.72
29.16
40.39
30.55
36.29
33.99
34.00
23.60
30.54
23.53
33.42
29.83
22.73
33.06
29.71
33.59
34.09
41.13
23.70
24.92
25.86
24.14
15.98
15.42
15.45
12.91
31.77
23.74
21.84
42.36
24.37
27.39
47.35
22.18
17.26
19.01
22.59
23.44
–
23.95
19.54
–
29.16
40.39
29.17
33.34
32.24
–
10.71
–
–
–
20.86
–
–
–
–
17.92
–
–
23.32
–
24.14
14.69
12.18
14.89
13.15
34.67
–
–
–
–
–
–
$23.09
–
–
–
23.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30.92
23.75
33.66
31.00
22.79
34.24
32.23
33.78
37.44
41.51
26.16
26.35
28.30
–
18.41
–
–
–
–
22.98
20.83
42.36
24.37
26.56
42.90
22.17
15.42
18.63
21.78
23.46
26.48
–
19.09
–
–
–
31.84
36.53
33.99
35.59
23.70
30.56
23.49
33.43
30.02
22.73
33.06
29.71
33.59
35.97
–
–
24.95
25.92
24.14
16.00
15.42
15.62
–
31.76
–
–
–
–
–
–
$22.49
–
19.20
24.45
23.70
–
–
–
–
32.89
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.19
37.22
–
–
–
–
15.90
–
–
–
–
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
White-collar occupations: (-Continued)
Professional specialty and technical occupations:
(-Continued)
Professional specialty occupations: (-Continued)
Technical writers ...................................................
Designers .............................................................
Editors and reporters ............................................
Public relations specialists ....................................
Athletes .................................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Technical occupations:
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Radiological technicians .......................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. .......
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Electrical and electronic technicians .....................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ...........................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Drafters .................................................................
Chemical technicians ............................................
Computer programmers .......................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Legal assistants ....................................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ..........
Level 7 ..............................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations:
Administrators and officials, public administration
Level 9 ..............................................................
Financial managers ..............................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Personnel and labor relations managers ..............
Purchasing managers ...........................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations ..........................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Administrators, education and related fields .........
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Managers, medicine and health ...........................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
28
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$23.58
24.86
23.63
20.68
18.77
18.77
$23.58
24.96
23.63
22.08
19.04
19.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
$23.65
24.86
23.63
20.93
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.45
11.44
11.26
15.82
17.33
16.72
20.30
18.71
16.06
14.79
16.61
13.25
10.47
13.92
17.01
15.69
17.88
14.61
18.13
18.95
20.53
21.21
19.61
17.52
20.90
22.85
18.67
18.16
19.01
15.42
11.38
–
15.82
17.33
16.72
20.30
18.71
16.19
–
16.59
12.83
10.46
13.92
17.01
15.90
17.92
14.78
18.13
19.18
20.53
21.21
19.61
17.52
21.05
22.82
–
17.97
19.01
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$14.77
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.48
–
–
15.76
17.35
16.54
20.16
–
15.98
–
16.95
13.52
10.96
–
–
15.93
17.96
14.78
18.13
18.95
20.77
21.21
19.67
17.52
21.00
22.85
18.67
18.17
19.01
$15.12
–
–
–
–
–
20.60
–
16.20
–
15.79
12.05
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.99
21.31
30.72
20.68
28.07
38.85
43.80
36.31
31.79
–
–
30.78
20.68
28.07
38.85
43.83
36.31
31.79
24.99
21.31
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
24.90
21.31
30.91
20.68
28.07
38.85
43.80
36.31
31.79
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
37.45
23.22
37.35
44.21
40.27
31.95
23.34
26.40
41.40
29.22
20.42
32.85
37.45
23.22
37.35
44.21
40.27
33.62
–
–
–
28.36
–
30.72
–
–
–
–
–
30.33
–
26.74
–
–
–
–
37.45
23.22
37.35
44.21
40.27
32.42
–
26.40
41.73
30.06
–
32.85
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18.30
18.30
18.30
–
–
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
White-collar occupations: (-Continued)
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations:
(-Continued)
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .............
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ..................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 12 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Level 14 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Accountants and auditors .....................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Underwriters .........................................................
Other financial officers ..........................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Management analysts ..........................................
Personnel, training, and labor relations
specialists .......................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm
products ..........................................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Construction inspectors ........................................
Inspectors and compliance officers, except
construction ....................................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............
Level 7 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Sales occupations:
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 8 ..............................................................
Sales occupations, other business services .........
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale .................................................
Sales workers, apparel .........................................
Sales workers, other commodities ........................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Cashiers ...............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Sales support occupations, N.E.C. .......................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical:
Supervisors, general office ...................................
Supervisors, financial records processing ............
Computer operators ..............................................
Secretaries ...........................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Typists ..................................................................
Interviewers ..........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
29
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$23.86
41.42
22.56
27.59
29.28
44.47
45.97
75.89
42.70
19.10
15.69
16.63
17.95
20.23
23.77
23.38
16.35
27.56
$23.86
41.78
22.68
27.59
29.39
44.47
46.33
75.89
42.70
19.26
–
16.58
18.24
20.23
23.77
23.68
–
28.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$18.03
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$23.86
41.39
22.56
27.59
29.28
44.45
45.97
75.89
42.70
19.08
15.69
16.63
17.95
20.18
23.77
23.38
16.35
27.63
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.01
16.58
22.16
25.07
20.09
16.58
22.17
25.07
–
–
–
–
20.04
16.65
22.16
25.07
–
–
–
–
32.77
17.94
20.53
20.54
32.77
17.94
20.53
–
–
–
–
20.54
32.77
17.94
20.53
–
–
–
–
–
20.90
21.24
16.90
17.62
22.60
24.85
21.50
21.34
16.52
16.55
22.47
24.85
–
20.80
–
–
–
–
21.70
21.18
16.90
17.62
22.60
24.56
–
–
–
–
–
–
17.50
11.05
17.34
23.40
17.53
11.05
17.34
23.40
17.50
11.05
17.34
23.40
–
–
–
–
32.26
6.86
10.05
9.67
7.38
6.15
9.50
12.05
14.22
32.26
6.86
10.05
9.67
7.10
6.12
8.47
12.14
14.22
–
–
–
–
14.50
–
17.70
–
–
32.26
–
11.85
10.09
10.20
–
10.39
–
14.22
–
–
$7.16
–
6.37
6.12
7.65
–
–
19.97
17.13
15.97
14.68
9.43
12.53
13.37
15.12
17.99
12.55
11.30
20.58
17.13
15.98
14.37
9.43
12.45
13.43
14.77
18.10
–
11.48
–
–
–
16.00
–
12.80
–
16.05
–
–
–
19.07
17.13
16.52
14.81
9.40
12.47
13.42
15.14
18.01
12.52
11.49
–
–
–
12.27
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.97
–
–
–
–
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
White-collar occupations: (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical:
(-Continued)
Interviewers (-Continued)
Level 3 ..............................................................
Hotel clerks ...........................................................
Transportation ticket and reservation agents .......
Receptionists ........................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Information clerks, N.E.C. .....................................
Order clerks ..........................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping
Level 4 ..............................................................
Library clerks ........................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. .........................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................
Billing clerks ..........................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Duplicating machine operators .............................
Telephone operators ............................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Mail clerks except postal service ..........................
Dispatchers ...........................................................
Production coordinators ........................................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Stock and inventory clerks ....................................
Material recording, scheduling, and distribution
clerks, N.E.C. ..................................................
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and
investigators ...................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Level 9 ..............................................................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ......
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 6 ..............................................................
Bill and account collectors ....................................
General office clerks .............................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Data entry keyers .................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
Level 4 ..............................................................
Professional occupations, N.E.C. .........................
See footnotes at end of table.
30
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$10.10
9.34
12.47
10.28
8.58
10.07
11.37
12.74
11.49
8.45
13.37
11.09
13.05
11.47
8.62
12.71
12.03
12.44
10.49
12.09
13.17
13.95
13.33
9.80
9.17
10.39
10.45
10.44
10.75
8.71
–
17.91
12.18
11.27
12.97
14.19
$10.03
9.34
12.47
10.31
7.97
10.06
11.37
12.57
11.49
8.45
13.37
11.09
–
11.45
8.51
12.71
–
12.31
10.84
11.79
12.85
13.95
12.61
9.80
9.17
10.09
10.47
–
–
8.62
–
17.91
12.18
11.27
12.97
13.43
–
–
–
$10.01
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.85
–
–
–
–
13.74
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.95
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$10.60
–
–
11.37
12.80
12.44
–
14.67
–
13.36
11.70
–
12.71
12.03
12.62
10.63
12.14
13.17
13.95
13.33
9.73
–
–
11.73
–
–
9.38
–
17.91
12.24
11.37
12.97
14.60
–
–
$12.16
9.23
8.56
9.83
–
–
7.65
–
–
–
11.63
–
–
–
–
10.42
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.61
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.17
12.01
–
12.17
–
15.43
14.11
21.13
12.33
12.46
12.39
12.28
12.86
12.21
9.17
11.25
12.70
14.19
11.65
7.73
11.99
10.14
8.09
10.27
12.79
12.30
22.01
15.43
14.11
21.13
12.33
12.46
12.39
12.28
12.86
11.80
7.91
10.47
12.22
13.73
9.52
7.73
–
–
–
–
12.80
12.30
22.01
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.97
–
12.23
13.68
–
–
–
–
10.15
8.09
10.32
–
–
–
15.43
14.11
21.13
12.40
12.46
12.46
12.23
12.85
12.42
9.49
11.39
12.73
13.98
11.93
–
–
9.90
8.08
10.22
12.95
–
24.61
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.45
7.80
9.13
12.51
–
7.86
–
–
11.26
–
–
10.89
–
–
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
Blue-collar occupations:
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations:
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......
Level 7 ..............................................................
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Electronic repairers, communications and
industrial equipment .......................................
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics
Level 7 ..............................................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Carpenters ............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Electricians ...........................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Electrical power installers and repairers ...............
Level 7 ..............................................................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Machinists .............................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..
Butchers and meat cutters ....................................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors:
Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................
Molding and casting machine operators ...............
Printing press operators .......................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Photoengravers and lithographers .......................
Textile sewing machine operators ........................
Packaging and filling machine operators ..............
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Production testers .................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations:
Truck drivers .........................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Bus drivers ............................................................
Excavating and loading machine operators ..........
Level 5 ..............................................................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Level 4 ..............................................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers:
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .......
Level 3 ..............................................................
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
See footnotes at end of table.
31
All industries
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
$17.59
18.67
20.30
22.80
15.69
15.57
$17.19
–
19.88
–
15.69
15.57
–
–
–
–
–
–
$17.59
18.67
20.30
22.80
15.69
15.57
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.87
–
–
–
–
19.10
17.19
18.09
21.23
21.23
20.87
17.92
23.92
24.03
17.95
15.47
17.59
17.27
18.08
12.02
12.48
19.10
15.98
–
–
–
20.78
15.94
–
24.58
–
17.13
17.59
17.27
18.08
12.02
12.48
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$12.84
–
–
–
–
–
19.10
17.19
18.09
21.23
21.23
20.87
17.92
23.92
24.03
17.95
15.47
17.59
17.27
18.08
12.02
12.37
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.91
9.70
14.72
17.89
13.69
9.65
10.25
11.80
10.67
11.72
12.16
15.29
9.58
8.95
10.39
11.02
8.94
12.41
11.50
11.91
9.70
14.72
17.89
13.69
9.65
10.25
11.47
10.67
11.72
12.16
–
9.58
8.95
10.39
11.02
8.94
12.41
11.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.91
9.70
14.72
17.89
13.69
9.65
10.25
11.81
10.67
11.72
12.16
15.29
9.99
8.95
10.39
11.02
8.94
12.41
11.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.41
12.33
13.64
16.16
14.48
24.03
24.07
10.91
12.22
14.49
12.42
13.63
16.16
12.23
24.03
24.07
10.91
12.22
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.56
12.42
13.64
16.16
15.20
24.03
24.07
10.91
12.22
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.68
10.46
14.98
9.28
8.81
10.94
–
15.53
9.28
8.81
12.49
–
13.12
–
–
12.77
–
14.96
9.28
10.03
–
–
–
–
$6.38
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
Blue-collar occupations: (-Continued)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers:
(-Continued)
Stock handlers and baggers (-Continued)
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Service occupations:
Protective service occupations:
Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention
occupations ....................................................
Supervisors, police and detectives .......................
Firefighting occupations ........................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Police and detectives, public service ....................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Level 7 ..............................................................
Guards and police except public service ..............
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Protective service occupations, N.E.C. ................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Food service occupations:
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations ....................................................
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Cooks ...................................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
Level 1 ..............................................................
Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Health service occupations:
Health aides, except nursing ................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Level 5 ..............................................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
Level 2 ..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
32
All industries
Private
industry
$6.96
6.80
9.95
10.42
10.45
10.34
9.45
11.07
8.21
–
8.50
10.49
7.14
8.39
11.92
15.10
$6.96
6.80
9.95
10.42
10.45
10.34
9.45
11.07
8.21
–
8.50
9.42
7.04
8.39
–
13.19
21.47
24.99
16.40
16.67
18.00
18.27
18.49
8.55
10.29
8.09
11.50
7.50
7.50
All industries
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$16.25
–
–
–
–
$8.37
–
10.65
10.46
10.59
10.56
9.04
11.02
8.68
7.93
8.50
11.32
–
–
11.92
15.11
$6.00
6.57
7.38
–
–
9.57
–
–
–
–
–
7.65
7.63
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.39
–
7.75
–
–
–
21.47
24.99
16.40
16.67
18.00
18.27
18.49
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.47
24.99
16.41
16.68
18.09
18.29
18.49
8.91
10.29
8.90
11.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.33
–
6.95
–
7.32
7.32
12.99
4.71
3.20
3.59
9.86
7.66
8.80
9.95
7.15
6.18
8.94
7.59
5.25
7.08
6.78
7.18
7.61
13.00
4.71
3.20
3.59
9.85
–
8.72
9.95
6.86
–
8.94
7.59
5.25
7.06
6.75
7.15
7.59
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.10
–
–
–
13.60
6.08
–
–
10.09
–
–
10.19
–
–
9.37
–
–
7.52
7.07
7.73
–
–
3.10
–
3.32
8.65
–
–
–
7.04
–
7.70
–
5.38
6.59
6.43
6.58
–
9.71
8.75
8.98
9.66
9.61
9.77
10.28
9.65
8.75
8.94
9.34
9.61
9.36
8.71
–
–
–
–
–
11.27
11.04
9.98
–
–
9.65
–
9.91
10.41
9.13
–
8.95
–
–
9.27
9.20
Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private
industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
All workers4
Occupation3 and level
Service occupations: (-Continued)
Health service occupations: (-Continued)
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants
(-Continued)
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Cleaning and building service occupations:
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ...........................................................
Maids and housemen ...........................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Janitors and cleaners ...........................................
Level 1 ..............................................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Level 4 ..............................................................
Personal service occupations:
Welfare service aides ...........................................
Level 3 ..............................................................
Child care workers, N.E.C. ...................................
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
Level 2 ..............................................................
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed
by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours.
2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an
establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge,
complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to
determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for
more information.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
All industries
Private
industry
$9.67
9.47
$9.40
9.41
15.14
8.08
7.02
10.69
9.12
10.27
12.07
13.65
–
8.08
7.02
9.73
8.57
9.41
11.58
–
8.44
7.81
7.76
9.09
7.66
8.44
7.81
–
9.07
7.60
All industries
State and
local
government
Full-time
workers
Part-time
workers
–
$10.50
$9.69
9.38
$9.60
9.87
–
–
–
12.96
11.42
12.42
–
–
17.17
7.74
6.97
11.34
9.97
10.46
12.07
13.87
–
–
–
8.10
7.89
–
–
–
–
–
8.98
9.79
–
7.57
–
–
8.62
6.77
–
–
–
–
–
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time
schedule.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did
not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
33
Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
Occupational group2
Full-time
workers3
Part-time
workers3
Union4
Nonunion4
Time5
Incentive5
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
$18.94
18.95
$10.89
11.80
$18.33
18.94
$17.88
17.98
$18.00
18.23
$17.47
16.43
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar excluding sales .............................................
22.07
22.35
13.41
16.45
20.96
22.71
21.17
21.69
21.10
21.79
23.36
47.47
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Sales occupations ............................................................
Administrative support including clerical occupations ......
25.61
27.90
17.58
29.19
18.77
12.80
20.24
21.85
15.26
24.16
6.79
10.39
28.23
29.24
21.40
23.31
8.27
13.71
24.16
26.65
16.72
29.44
16.55
12.29
25.06
27.30
17.32
28.87
14.26
12.55
–
–
–
49.07
18.77
–
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
14.02
17.58
11.52
15.01
11.10
7.96
–
–
11.21
7.20
17.08
20.03
13.42
17.51
13.60
11.77
15.30
10.86
12.63
8.82
13.80
17.53
11.59
14.53
10.53
11.01
–
9.24
–
–
Service occupations ...........................................................
11.69
7.18
14.38
8.60
10.57
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours.
2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is
used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are
classified into one of nine major occupational groups.
3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through
collective bargaining.
5 Time workers’ wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary;
incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on
productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production
bonuses.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may
include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not
elsewhere classified."
34
Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers2,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
Goods-producing industries4
Occupational group3
All private
industries
Total
Mining
$18.80 $17.85
18.69 17.85
Construction
Total
TransWholeportsale
ation
and
and
retail
public
trade
utilities
$18.68 $17.04 $18.87 $12.74
18.55 17.38 18.13 13.33
Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate
Services
–
–
$18.00
17.92
All occupations ...........................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ................................................
$17.57
17.80
White-collar occupations .......................................................
White-collar excluding sales .................................................
20.84
21.67
24.46
24.53
–
–
–
–
24.57
24.64
19.79
20.74
19.85
18.71
15.43
20.17
–
–
21.49
21.46
Professional specialty and technical occupations ................
Professional specialty occupations ...................................
Technical occupations ......................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .......
Sales occupations ................................................................
Administrative support, including clerical occupations .........
24.30
26.84
17.22
29.66
14.85
12.45
26.88
29.95
18.27
31.42
23.22
13.10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
27.11
30.24
18.37
32.01
23.22
13.05
23.31
25.64
16.82
29.03
13.96
12.31
19.80
30.04
16.79
26.44
27.45
14.03
25.66
28.65
16.17
28.84
11.45
11.17
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.31
25.21
16.84
28.24
22.68
12.55
Blue-collar occupations .........................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..............
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..................
Transportation and material moving occupations .................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .........
13.37
17.43
11.22
14.46
10.10
13.57
16.38
11.64
15.14
11.60
16.49
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.50
14.64
11.64
13.65
10.07
12.93
20.32
7.93
13.92
9.07
16.98
21.37
–
14.99
9.81
11.42
20.53
–
13.18
8.98
–
–
–
–
–
10.66
18.18
7.04
9.98
8.79
Service occupations ...............................................................
8.70
11.62
–
–
11.32
8.62
–
7.10
–
9.12
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as
working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be
considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
–
–
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries5
3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover
all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine
major occupational groups.
4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing.
5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale
and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
35
Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and establishment employment size, private
industry, all workers2, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
100 workers or more
All private
industry
workers
50 - 99
workers
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
$17.57
17.80
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar excluding sales .............................................
Occupational group3
Total
100 - 499
workers
500
workers or
more
$14.73
14.37
$18.17
18.48
$16.41
16.80
$20.09
20.16
20.84
21.67
19.02
19.57
21.13
21.95
19.58
20.97
22.50
22.67
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Sales occupations ............................................................
Administrative support, including clerical occupations .....
24.30
26.84
17.22
29.66
14.85
12.45
21.44
23.12
16.37
28.16
17.32
12.65
24.55
27.16
17.29
29.90
13.91
12.42
22.69
25.69
15.70
28.49
13.21
12.78
25.85
28.12
18.68
31.07
17.33
12.15
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
13.37
17.43
11.22
14.46
10.10
12.39
16.30
11.20
13.24
9.38
13.67
17.70
11.22
15.06
10.36
13.23
17.79
10.92
14.34
9.93
14.42
17.57
11.67
16.61
11.62
Service occupations ...........................................................
8.70
7.24
9.21
8.68
10.12
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed
by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time
schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.
Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major
occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did
not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and
occupational levels may include data for categories not shown
separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
36
Table C-4. Number of workers1 represented by occupational group,
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
All workers
Occupational group2
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local government
All occupations ....................................................................... 1,723,639
All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 1,598,659
1,431,692
1,308,084
291,947
290,575
White-collar occupations ................................................... 1,100,315
White-collar excluding sales .............................................
975,335
901,136
777,528
199,179
197,807
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Sales occupations ............................................................
Administrative support including clerical occupations ......
459,947
365,329
94,619
193,470
124,980
321,917
346,239
257,862
88,377
168,519
123,608
262,769
113,708
107,467
6,242
24,951
1,372
59,148
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .....
341,334
102,576
109,255
42,588
86,915
315,249
90,759
104,893
37,287
82,311
26,084
11,817
4,362
5,301
4,604
Service occupations ...........................................................
281,991
215,307
66,683
1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in
the survey. Employees are classified as working either a
full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition
used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time
in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the
minimum full-time schedule.
2 A classification system including about 480 individual
occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian
economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of
nine major occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that
data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational
groups and occupational levels may include data for
categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not
elsewhere classified."
37
Appendix A: Technical Note
reference month for the private sector is December 1995.
The sampling frame was reviewed prior to the survey and,
when necessary, missing establishments were added, outof-business and out-of-scope establishments were removed,
and addresses, employment levels, industry classification,
and other information were updated.
This section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained in
this bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for the
survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing the
data. While this section answers some questions commonly
asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description
of all the steps required to produce the data.
Sample design
The sample for this survey area was selected using a
two stage stratified design with probability proportional to
employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of
sample selection was a probability sample of establishments. The sample of establishments was drawn by first
stratifying the sampling frame by industry and ownership.
The number of sample establishments allocated to each
stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each sampled establishment is selected within a
stratum with a probability proportional to its employment.
Use of this technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection.
Weights were applied to each establishment when the data
were tabulated so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy which were not
selected for collection. See appendix table 1 for a count of
establishments in the survey by employment size. The second stage of sample selection, detailed below, was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled establishment.
Planning for the survey
The overall design of the survey, which was based on
the type of data to be produced, had to be developed before
data collection could begin.
Survey scope
This survey of the Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MANH-ME-CT, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area
(CMSA) covered establishments employing 50 workers or
more in goods-producing industries (mining, construction
and manufacturing); service-producing industries (transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary
services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services industries); and State and local
governments. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was an
economic unit which produces goods or services, a central
administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support
services to a company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment
was defined as all locations of a government entity.
The Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-MECT, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA)
includes Essex County, Middlesex County, Norfolk
County, Plymouth County, Suffolk County, twelve communities in Bristol County, one in Hampden County, and fifty
two in Worcester County, MA; eighteen in Hillsborough
County, two in Merrimack County, thirty four in Rockingham County, and ten in Strafford County, NH; five in York
County ME; and one in Windham County, CT.
Sampling frame
The list of establishments from which the survey sample
was selected (sampling frame) was developed from the
State unemployment insurance reports for the BostonWorcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, CMSA. The reference month for the public sector is June 1994. Due to the
volatility of industries within the private sector, sampling
frames were developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The
Data collection
The collection of data from survey respondents required
detailed procedures. Collection was the responsibility of
the field economists, working out of the Regional Office,
who visited each establishment surveyed.
Occupational selection and classification
Identification of the occupations for which wage data
were to be collected was a multi-step process:
1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs.
2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the
Census of Population system.
3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time,
union v. nonunion, and time v. incentive.
4. Determination of the level of work of each job.
For each occupation, wage data were collected for those
workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three
steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for
38
by the MOG to which they belong, is contained in appendix
B.
In step three, certain other job characteristics of the
chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based
on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the
worker was classified as having a time versus incentive job,
depending on whether any part of pay was directly based
on the actual production of the worker, rather than solely
on hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as
being in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition
of Terms” section on the following page for more detail.
which a correct classification or level could not be determined.
In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each
establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal
visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling,
with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment.
As with the selection of establishments, the selection of
a job was based on probability proportional to its size in
the establishment. The greater the number of people
working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance
of selection.
The number of jobs collected in each establishment was
based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in
the following schedule:
Number of employees
50-99
100-249
250-999
1000-2,499
2,500+
Generic leveling through point factor analysis
In the last step before wage data were collected, the
work level of each selected job was determined using a
“generic leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and
compares all occupations randomly selected in an establishment using the same criteria. This is a major departure
from the method used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational Compensation Surveys which studied specifically defined occupations with leveling definitions unique to each
occupation.
For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10
leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the
U.S. Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for
evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The
tenth factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the
effect of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental.
The 10 factors are:
Number of selected jobs
8
10
12
16
20
The second step of the process entailed classifying the
selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The
National Compensation Survey occupational classification
system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational
classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In
cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census
classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level
were used to classify the job. Classification by primary
duties was the fallback.
Each occupational classification is an element of a
broader classification known as a major occupational group
(MOG). Occupations can fall into any of the following
MOG’s:
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Professional specialty and technical
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Sales
Administrative support including clerical
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Service occupations
Knowledge
Supervision received
Guidelines
Complexity
Scope and effect
Personal contacts
Purpose of contacts
Physical demands
Work environment
Supervisory duties
Each factor contains a number of levels and each level
has an associated written description and point value. The
number and range of points differ among the factors. For
each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on
which written description best matched the job. Within
each occupation, the points for 9 factors (supervisory duties
was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. Appendix table 3
A complete list of all individual occupations, classified
39
·
·
presents average work levels for published occupational
groups and selected occupations. A description of the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C.
Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the
survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are
shown in appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job and a guide to help data users evaluate jobs in their
firm.
Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers
using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic
level factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis
showed that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power for wages. That is, as the levels within a
given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed
research continues in the area. The results of this research
will be published by BLS in the future.
·
In order to calculate earnings for various time periods
(hourly, weekly, and annual), data on work schedules were
also collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours
worked per day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were
recorded. Annual weeks worked were determined. Because
salaried workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often
work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical
number of hours actually worked was collected.
Definition of terms
Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time.
Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied,
at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales.
Collection period
The survey was collected from May 1997 through December 1997. The average payroll reference month was
August 1997. For each establishment in the survey, the
data reflect the establishment’s practices on the day of collection.
Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requirements of the position. (See the description in the technical
note and the example for more details on the leveling process.)
Earnings
Earnings were defined as regular payments from the
employer to the employee as compensation for straighttime hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The
following components were included as part of earnings:
·
·
·
·
·
Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not
meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below).
Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time.
Incentive pay, including commissions, production
bonuses, and piece rates
Cost-of-living allowances
Hazard pay
Payments of income deferred due to participation
in a salary reduction plan
Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight
or passengers
Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for
the job.
Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are
tied to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of
production.
Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation
when all of the following conditions are met:
The following forms of payments were not considered
part of straight-time earnings:
·
·
·
·
Free room and board
Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses
given by manufacturers to department store salespeople, referral incentives in real estate)
On-call pay
·
Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for
working a schedule that varies from the norm, such
as night or weekend work
Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends
Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g.,
Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses)
Uniform and tool allowances
·
·
40
A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining
agent for all workers in the occupation.
Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations.
Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed mutually binding collective bargaining
agreement.
among establishments differ, estimates of the number of
workers obtained from the sample of establishments serve
only to indicate the relative importance of the occupational
groups studied.
Processing and analyzing the data
Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National Office following collection.
Data reliability
The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically selected probability sample. There are two types of
errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey,
sampling and nonsampling.
Sampling errors occur because observations come only
from a sample and not from an entire population. The
sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible
samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different
samples would differ from each other.
A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all
possible samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the
standard error divided by the estimate. Appendix table 2
contains RSE data for selected series in this bulletin. RSE
data for all series in this bulletin are available on the Internet web site and by request to the BLS National Office.
The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example,
suppose table A-1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all
workers was $12.79 per hour, and appendix table 2 shows a
relative standard error of 3.6 percent for this estimate. At
the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $13.55 to $12.03 ($12.79 plus and minus 1.645
times 3.6 percent times $12.79). If all possible samples
were selected to estimate the population value, the interval
from each sample would include the true population value
approximately 90 percent of the time.
Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They
can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey
definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct
information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data
obtained. A Technical Reinterview Program done in all
survey areas will be used in the development of a formal
quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling
error. Although they were not specifically measured, the
nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the
extensive training of the field economists who gathered the
survey data by personal visit, computer edits of the data,
and detailed data review.
Weighting and nonresponse
Sample weights were calculated for each establishment/occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the
relative size of the occupation within the establishment and
of the establishment within the sample universe. Weights
were used to aggregate the individual establishment/occupations into the various data series. Of the establishments surveyed, 23.3 percent (representing 374,829
employees) refused to supply information. If data were not
provided by a sample member, the weights of responding
sample members in the same or similar “cells” were adjusted to account for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean value of the nonrespondents equals the
mean value of the respondents at some detailed “cell” level.
Responding and nonresponding establishments were classified into these cells according to industry and employment
size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments were classified into cells which
were additionally defined by major occupation group and
job level.
Establishments which were determined to be out of
business or outside the scope of the survey (3.9 percent of
the total sample) had their weights changed to zero. If only
partial data were given by a sample establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the response was treated as a
refusal.
Estimation
The wage series in the tables are computed by combining the wages for individual establishment/occupations.
Before being combined, individual wage rates are weighted
by: number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether
hourly, weekly, or annual rates are being calculated.
Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for
publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that could have revealed information about a
specific establishment.
The number of workers estimates represent the total in
all establishments within the scope of the study and not the
number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures
41
Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size,
and number of establishments represented, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
Number of establishments studied
Industry
All industries .........................................................
Private industry .................................................
Goods-producing industries ..........................
Mining .......................................................
Construction .............................................
Manufacturing ...........................................
Service-producing industries ........................
Tranportation and public utilities ...............
Wholesale and retail trade ........................
Finance, insurance and real estate ..........
Services ....................................................
State and local government ..............................
Number of
establishments represented
100 workers or more
Total studied
8,592
7,959
2,075
5
241
1,830
5,883
460
2,451
434
2,538
633
481
423
116
3
10
103
307
24
85
28
170
58
50 - 99
workers
112
105
28
2
4
22
77
4
32
5
36
7
Total
369
318
88
1
6
81
230
20
53
23
134
51
100 - 499
workers
212
184
42
1
5
36
142
12
45
9
76
28
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately.
42
500 workers
or more
157
134
46
–
1
45
88
8
8
14
58
23
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected
occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all
workers2, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997
(in percent)
Occupation3
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
All occupations .......................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ............................................
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
White-collar occupations ...................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales .........................
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.9
2.9
Professional specialty and technical occupations ............
Professional specialty occupations ...............................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .......................
Aerospace engineers ............................................
Civil engineers ......................................................
Electrical and electronic engineers .......................
Industrial engineers ..............................................
Mechanical engineers ...........................................
Engineers, N.E.C. .................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists .....................
Computer systems analysts and scientists ...........
Operations and systems researchers and
analysts ..........................................................
Natural scientists ......................................................
Physicists and astronomers ..................................
Chemists, except biochemists ..............................
Medical scientists .................................................
Health related occupations .......................................
Physicians ............................................................
Registered nurses ................................................
Pharmacists ..........................................................
Respiratory therapists ...........................................
Occupational therapists ........................................
Physical therapists ................................................
Teachers, college and university ..............................
Medical science teachers .....................................
Art, drama and music teachers .............................
English teachers ...................................................
Foreign language teachers ...................................
Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. .........................
Teachers, except college and university ..................
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................
Elementary school teachers .................................
Secondary school teachers ..................................
Teachers, special education .................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ..................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ................
Librarians, archivists, and curators ...........................
Librarians ..............................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ........................
Economists ...........................................................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................
Social workers ......................................................
Recreation workers ...............................................
Lawyers and judges ..................................................
Lawyers ................................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and
professionals, N.E.C. ..........................................
Technical writers ...................................................
Designers .............................................................
Editors and reporters ............................................
Public relations specialists ....................................
Athletes .................................................................
Professional occupations, N.E.C. .........................
Technical occupations ..................................................
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Radiological technicians .......................................
Licensed practical nurses .....................................
Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. .......
2.0
2.3
2.4
4.8
8.8
3.1
6.9
9.0
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.3
2.8
2.7
4.8
16.3
3.1
6.9
9.0
4.1
2.9
2.9
3.6
3.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.2
9.8
5.6
22.5
15.6
4.8
18.2
2.4
3.3
3.6
10.7
6.5
4.4
13.9
12.0
6.9
11.2
8.8
5.0
20.2
5.4
5.7
10.9
13.6
8.8
7.0
7.5
–
14.1
5.4
5.9
7.9
8.0
7.0
3.0
9.9
5.6
22.5
16.2
5.3
16.9
2.6
3.3
3.5
–
6.5
5.4
13.9
18.5
13.2
14.8
–
6.7
7.1
–
4.1
–
10.9
–
6.8
8.1
–
14.1
6.2
7.0
8.3
8.7
8.7
–
–
–
–
–
8.1
–
5.4
–
–
–
–
4.5
–
–
–
–
–
5.2
–
5.5
6.1
7.1
11.0
10.8
10.5
10.5
–
–
7.0
7.2
–
–
–
5.9
12.7
11.2
18.1
7.7
18.1
12.0
2.9
5.3
3.4
2.7
6.5
6.0
12.7
11.3
18.1
8.0
18.1
12.0
3.0
5.4
3.4
2.8
5.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.0
–
–
7.4
–
See footnotes at end of table.
43
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected
occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all
workers2, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
(in percent)
Occupation3
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
3.3
7.1
4.7
8.9
6.1
15.1
7.6
3.8
5.0
6.4
10.4
19.0
12.9
3.5
7.1
4.7
8.9
7.0
–
8.1
4.2
5.4
–
10.6
19.0
12.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.8
5.8
6.4
–
–
–
7.1
7.6
10.4
7.1
12.5
10.9
–
8.8
–
17.4
12.2
9.1
2.8
3.6
14.9
6.2
14.1
17.4
12.2
9.4
3.0
4.0
14.9
6.1
14.7
–
–
–
3.7
3.3
–
–
–
6.3
6.5
–
26.3
8.3
6.0
26.3
8.3
–
–
–
6.0
4.4
4.8
8.5
18.2
22.4
4.8
5.8
8.6
18.4
22.4
–
4.1
13.1
–
–
9.7
3.1
8.6
7.1
15.1
2.1
6.9
4.6
5.8
2.4
4.7
3.8
4.6
2.6
4.6
10.0
8.5
9.1
5.9
7.2
9.7
3.1
8.6
6.8
15.1
2.5
7.7
4.6
5.9
2.7
–
4.9
4.6
2.6
5.0
10.7
8.5
9.1
–
7.4
–
–
–
14.9
–
2.4
–
–
–
3.8
–
–
–
–
9.9
–
–
–
8.0
–
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Professional specialty and technical occupations
(-Continued)
Technical occupations (-Continued)
Electrical and electronic technicians .....................
Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ...........................
Drafters .................................................................
Chemical technicians ............................................
Computer programmers .......................................
Legal assistants ....................................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ..........
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ...
Executives, administrators, and managers ...............
Administrators and officials, public administration
Financial managers ..............................................
Personnel and labor relations managers ..............
Purchasing managers ...........................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public
relations ..........................................................
Administrators, education and related fields .........
Managers, medicine and health ...........................
Managers, food servicing and lodging
establishments ................................................
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .............
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ..................
Management related occupations ............................
Accountants and auditors .....................................
Underwriters .........................................................
Other financial officers ..........................................
Management analysts ..........................................
Personnel, training, and labor relations
specialists .......................................................
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm
products ..........................................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................
Construction inspectors ........................................
Inspectors and compliance officers, except
construction ....................................................
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............
Sales occupations ............................................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ............................
Sales occupations, other business services .........
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,
and wholesale .................................................
Sales workers, apparel .........................................
Sales workers, other commodities ........................
Cashiers ...............................................................
Sales support occupations, N.E.C. .......................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical .....
Supervisors, general office ...................................
Supervisors, financial records processing ............
Computer operators ..............................................
Secretaries ...........................................................
Typists ..................................................................
Interviewers ..........................................................
Hotel clerks ...........................................................
Transportation ticket and reservation agents .......
Receptionists ........................................................
Information clerks, N.E.C. .....................................
Order clerks ..........................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping
Library clerks ........................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. .........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
44
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected
occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all
workers2, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
(in percent)
Occupation3
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................
Billing clerks ..........................................................
Duplicating machine operators .............................
Telephone operators ............................................
Mail clerks except postal service ..........................
Dispatchers ...........................................................
Production coordinators ........................................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ...................
Stock and inventory clerks ....................................
Material recording, scheduling, and distribution
clerks, N.E.C. ..................................................
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and
investigators ...................................................
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ......
Bill and account collectors ....................................
General office clerks .............................................
Data entry keyers .................................................
Teachers’ aides ....................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. .........
Blue-collar occupations .....................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ..........
Automobile mechanics .........................................
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......
Industrial machinery repairers ..............................
Electronic repairers, communications and
industrial equipment .......................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ..........................
Carpenters ............................................................
Electricians ...........................................................
Electrical power installers and repairers ...............
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ..................................
Supervisors, production occupations ....................
Machinists .............................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ..
Butchers and meat cutters ....................................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..............
Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................
Molding and casting machine operators ...............
Printing press operators .......................................
Photoengravers and lithographers .......................
Textile sewing machine operators ........................
Packaging and filling machine operators ..............
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ...........
Welders and cutters ..............................................
Assemblers ...........................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..
Production testers .................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations .............
Truck drivers .........................................................
Bus drivers ............................................................
Excavating and loading machine operators ..........
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .......
Construction laborers ...........................................
Production helpers ................................................
Stock handlers and baggers .................................
Machine feeders and offbearers ...........................
See footnotes at end of table.
45
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
2.5
5.7
6.5
8.4
6.4
3.6
–
4.9
4.9
6.0
2.5
4.7
6.5
9.2
6.5
3.4
–
4.9
4.9
5.3
9.6
–
–
–
–
–
8.2
–
–
–
7.3
9.4
–
5.1
4.3
4.3
2.6
4.3
6.0
9.1
5.1
4.3
4.3
3.8
6.8
–
9.4
–
–
–
2.6
–
6.0
–
2.2
2.7
11.0
8.7
7.2
2.4
3.0
13.9
11.2
7.2
2.8
4.3
–
–
–
20.1
5.0
6.2
6.7
2.2
9.5
9.1
7.1
3.3
5.8
11.9
3.2
7.9
7.6
8.5
16.5
5.9
13.2
5.1
4.1
8.6
6.4
4.6
4.1
5.6
5.8
3.6
9.6
4.8
7.2
17.0
12.1
3.6
10.2
–
3.7
–
7.6
–
–
10.6
7.1
3.3
5.8
11.9
3.2
7.9
7.6
8.5
16.5
5.9
13.2
4.4
–
8.6
6.4
4.6
4.7
5.8
7.4
3.6
9.6
5.2
12.7
20.8
12.1
3.6
10.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.8
–
–
–
–
6.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.6
–
–
–
–
6.3
1.9
6.4
–
–
–
Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected
occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all
workers2, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, August 1997 — Continued
(in percent)
Occupation3
Blue-collar occupations (-Continued)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
(-Continued)
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .......
Hand packers and packagers ...............................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ...................
Service occupations ...........................................................
Protective service occupations .................................
Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention
occupations ....................................................
Supervisors, police and detectives .......................
Firefighting occupations ........................................
Police and detectives, public service ....................
Guards and police except public service ..............
Protective service occupations, N.E.C. ................
Food service occupations .........................................
Supervisors, food preparation and service
occupations ....................................................
Waiters and waitresses ........................................
Cooks ...................................................................
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. .................
Health service occupations .......................................
Health aides, except nursing ................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ...............
Cleaning and building service occupations ..............
Supervisors, cleaning and building service
workers ...........................................................
Maids and housemen ...........................................
Janitors and cleaners ...........................................
Personal service occupations ...................................
Welfare service aides ...........................................
Child care workers, N.E.C. ...................................
Service occupations, N.E.C. .................................
1 The relative standard error is the standard error
expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly
earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables
A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could
not be determined for all occupations.
2 All workers include full-time and part-time
workers. Employees are classified as working either a
full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition
used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with
a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified
as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is
All industries
Private
industry
State and
local
government
5.8
6.7
8.7
5.8
6.7
8.0
–
–
14.0
2.5
5.9
2.4
5.9
2.6
2.6
4.5
10.7
3.9
2.8
5.8
1.4
5.2
–
–
–
–
5.7
–
5.5
4.5
10.7
3.9
2.8
–
–
6.4
6.8
23.5
3.8
8.8
7.3
7.6
3.8
1.3
4.5
1.3
3.0
6.9
23.5
4.1
9.9
7.3
7.6
3.8
1.4
4.7
1.2
3.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.5
1.3
–
1.3
4.0
15.6
6.6
3.2
11.9
5.3
8.5
5.0
–
6.6
4.2
13.5
5.3
–
5.7
–
–
3.6
14.2
–
–
–
the minimum full-time schedule.
3 A classification system including about 480
individual occupations is used to cover all workers in
the civilian economy. Individual occupations are
classified into one of nine major occupational groups.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall
occupational groups and occupational levels may
include data for categories not shown separately.
N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
46
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,
full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT,
August 1997
All
Full-time Part-time
workers workers workers
Occupation1
All occupations .................................................................................
All occupations excluding sales ......................................................
6
6
7
7
4
4
White-collar occupations .............................................................
White-collar occupations excluding sales ...................................
7
8
8
8
5
6
Professional specialty and technical occupations ......................
Professional specialty occupations .........................................
Engineers, architects, and surveyors .................................
Aerospace engineers ......................................................
Civil engineers ................................................................
Electrical and electronic engineers .................................
Industrial engineers ........................................................
Mechanical engineers .....................................................
Engineers, N.E.C. ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............................
Computer systems analysts and scientists .....................
Operations and systems researchers and analysts ........
Natural scientists ................................................................
Physicists and astronomers ............................................
Chemists, except biochemists ........................................
Medical scientists ...........................................................
Health related occupations .................................................
Physicians ......................................................................
Registered nurses ..........................................................
Pharmacists ....................................................................
Respiratory therapists .....................................................
Occupational therapists ..................................................
Physical therapists ..........................................................
Teachers, college and university ........................................
Medical science teachers ...............................................
Art, drama and music teachers .......................................
English teachers .............................................................
Foreign language teachers .............................................
Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ...................................
Teachers, except college and university ............................
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................................
Elementary school teachers ...........................................
Secondary school teachers ............................................
Teachers, special education ...........................................
Teachers, N.E.C. ............................................................
Vocational and educational counselors ..........................
Librarians, archivists, and curators .....................................
Librarians ........................................................................
Social scientists and urban planners ..................................
Economists .....................................................................
Social, recreation, and religious workers ............................
Social workers ................................................................
Recreation workers .........................................................
Lawyers and judges ............................................................
Lawyers ..........................................................................
Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals,
N.E.C. ...........................................................................
Technical writers .............................................................
Designers .......................................................................
Editors and reporters ......................................................
Public relations specialists ..............................................
Athletes ...........................................................................
Professional occupations, N.E.C. ...................................
Technical occupations ............................................................
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians ...........
Radiological technicians .................................................
Licensed practical nurses ...............................................
Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. .................
Electrical and electronic technicians ...............................
Engineering technicians, N.E.C. .....................................
Drafters ...........................................................................
Chemical technicians ......................................................
Computer programmers .................................................
9
9
11
12
10
11
10
11
11
11
11
9
12
12
11
12
9
12
8
9
7
8
10
11
12
11
12
12
10
8
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
–
9
8
8
7
11
11
9
10
11
12
10
11
10
11
11
11
11
9
12
12
11
12
9
12
8
–
8
–
–
12
–
11
12
12
11
8
7
8
8
8
8
–
9
9
9
9
8
8
–
11
11
8
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
–
8
–
–
–
10
10
–
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
–
8
–
–
–
–
–
9
9
–
–
–
9
9
10
9
9
–
9
7
6
7
5
6
7
7
6
7
8
9
9
10
9
9
–
11
7
6
7
5
6
7
7
7
7
8
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
6
7
6
5
–
–
–
–
–
See footnotes at end of table.
47
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,
full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT,
August 1997 — Continued
All
Full-time Part-time
workers workers workers
Occupation1
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Professional specialty and technical occupations (-Continued)
Technical occupations (-Continued)
Legal assistants ..............................................................
Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ....................
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............
Executives, administrators, and managers .........................
Administrators and officials, public administration ..........
Financial managers ........................................................
Personnel and labor relations managers ........................
Purchasing managers .....................................................
Managers, marketing, advertising and public relations ..
Administrators, education and related fields ...................
Managers, medicine and health .....................................
Managers, food servicing and lodging establishments ...
Managers, service organizations, N.E.C. .......................
Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ............................
Management related occupations ......................................
Accountants and auditors ...............................................
Underwriters ...................................................................
Other financial officers ....................................................
Management analysts ....................................................
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ........
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm
products ....................................................................
Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ..........................
Construction inspectors ..................................................
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction
Management related occupations, N.E.C. ......................
Sales occupations ......................................................................
Supervisors, sales occupations ......................................
Sales occupations, other business services ...................
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and
wholesale ..................................................................
Sales workers, apparel ...................................................
Sales workers, other commodities ..................................
Cashiers .........................................................................
Sales support occupations, N.E.C. .................................
Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...............
Supervisors, general office .............................................
Supervisors, financial records processing ......................
Computer operators ........................................................
Secretaries .....................................................................
Typists ............................................................................
Interviewers ....................................................................
Hotel clerks .....................................................................
Transportation ticket and reservation agents .................
Receptionists ..................................................................
Information clerks, N.E.C. ...............................................
Order clerks ....................................................................
Personnel clerks except payroll and timekeeping ..........
Library clerks ..................................................................
Records clerks, N.E.C. ...................................................
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ................
Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................................
Billing clerks ....................................................................
Duplicating machine operators .......................................
Telephone operators ......................................................
Mail clerks except postal service ....................................
Production coordinators ..................................................
Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks .............................
Stock and inventory clerks ..............................................
Material recording, scheduling, and distribution clerks,
N.E.C. .......................................................................
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators ........
Investigators and adjusters except insurance ................
Bill and account collectors ..............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
48
7
7
10
11
10
11
11
11
12
11
11
8
10
12
8
8
8
10
10
9
7
7
10
11
10
11
11
11
12
11
11
8
10
12
8
8
8
10
10
9
–
–
9
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
–
–
10
8
8
9
9
5
7
7
10
8
–
9
9
6
7
7
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
9
2
4
2
6
4
8
7
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
3
6
4
5
9
–
5
3
6
5
8
7
6
5
4
4
–
–
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
4
–
2
2
6
4
5
–
–
3
2
–
3
–
–
–
4
–
3
–
5
2
–
3
–
4
–
3
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
4
6
5
6
4
6
5
6
–
–
–
–
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,
full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT,
August 1997 — Continued
All
Full-time Part-time
workers workers workers
Occupation1
White-collar occupations (-Continued)
Administrative support occupations, including clerical
(-Continued)
General office clerks .......................................................
Data entry keyers ...........................................................
Teachers’ aides ..............................................................
Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ...................
4
3
3
5
4
3
3
5
3
2
3
4
Blue-collar occupations ...............................................................
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ....................
Automobile mechanics ...................................................
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .................
Industrial machinery repairers ........................................
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial
equipment .................................................................
Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ....................................
Carpenters ......................................................................
Electricians .....................................................................
Electrical power installers and repairers .........................
Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............................
Construction trades, N.E.C. ............................................
Supervisors, production occupations ..............................
Machinists .......................................................................
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ............
Butchers and meat cutters ..............................................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........................
Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ..........................
Molding and casting machine operators .........................
Printing press operators .................................................
Photoengravers and lithographers .................................
Textile sewing machine operators ..................................
Packaging and filling machine operators ........................
Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. .....................
Welders and cutters ........................................................
Assemblers .....................................................................
Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ............
Production testers ...........................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations .......................
Truck drivers ...................................................................
Bus drivers ......................................................................
Excavating and loading machine operators ....................
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ............
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ................
Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm .................
Construction laborers .....................................................
Production helpers ..........................................................
Stock handlers and baggers ...........................................
Machine feeders and offbearers .....................................
Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. .................
Hand packers and packagers .........................................
Laborers except construction, N.E.C. .............................
4
6
7
6
6
5
6
7
6
6
2
–
–
–
–
5
6
7
8
6
6
5
7
7
4
4
4
5
3
6
6
3
3
4
7
2
4
5
4
4
4
5
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
–
6
7
8
6
6
5
7
7
4
4
4
5
3
6
6
3
3
4
7
3
4
5
4
4
4
5
3
3
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
2
–
2
–
2
Service occupations .....................................................................
Protective service occupations ...........................................
Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention occupations
Supervisors, police and detectives .................................
Firefighting occupations ..................................................
Police and detectives, public service ..............................
Guards and police except public service ........................
Protective service occupations, N.E.C. ..........................
Food service occupations ...................................................
Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations
Waiters and waitresses ..................................................
Cooks .............................................................................
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations ...........
Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................................
Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................................
Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ...........................
3
5
8
9
6
6
3
3
3
6
3
4
2
3
2
2
4
5
8
9
6
6
3
–
3
6
3
4
–
3
–
2
2
3
–
–
–
–
3
3
2
–
3
3
2
2
2
2
See footnotes at end of table.
49
Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers,
full-time and part-time workers, Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT,
August 1997 — Continued
All
Full-time Part-time
workers workers workers
Occupation1
Service occupations (-Continued)
Health service occupations .................................................
Health aides, except nursing ..........................................
Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .........................
Cleaning and building service occupations ........................
Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers .......
Maids and housemen .....................................................
Janitors and cleaners .....................................................
Personal service occupations .............................................
Welfare service aides .....................................................
Child care workers, N.E.C. .............................................
Service occupations, N.E.C. ...........................................
1 A classification system including about 480
individual occupations is used to cover all workers in
the civilian economy. Individual occupations are
classified into one of nine major occupational groups.
The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors,
painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and
legislators cannot be assigned a work level.
3
4
3
2
5
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
4
3
2
6
2
2
5
–
4
4
3
3
3
2
–
–
2
3
3
–
3
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall
occupational groups and occupational levels may
include data for categories not shown separately.
N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified."
50