Richmond–Petersburg, VA
National Compensation Survey
September 2006
_________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Department of Labor
Elaine L. Chao, Secretary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Philip L. Rones, Deputy Commissioner
July 2007
Bulletin 3135–70
Preface
D
Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2
Massachusetts Avenue, NE., Room 4175, Washington, DC
20212–0001, call (202) 691–6199, or send an e-mail to
[email protected].
The data contained in this bulletin are also available at
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/compub.htm, the BLS Internet site. Data are presented in a Portable Document Format
(PDF) file containing the core bulletin, and in an ASCII file
containing the published table formats.
Results of earlier surveys of this area are available from
BLS regional offices, the Division of Compensation Data
Analysis and Planning, or at the BLS Internet site.
Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)
691–5200; Federal Relay Service: 1–800–877–8339.
ata shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) National Compensation Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private establishments and government agencies that provided pay data
included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their cooperation.
Field economists of the Bureau of Labor Statistics collected and reviewed the survey data. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the
Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology
and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and prepared the
survey for publication.
For additional information regarding this survey, please
contact any BLS regional office at the address and telephone number listed on the back cover of this bulletin.
You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics at:
iii
Contents
Page
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................
1
Tables:
1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours for selected worker
and establishment characteristics..................................................................................................
2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time and part-time workers
by work levels...............................................................................................................................
3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time and part-time workers
by work levels...............................................................................................................................
4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time and part-time workers
by work levels...............................................................................................................................
5. Combined work levels for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings for full-time
and part-time workers ...................................................................................................................
6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles...................................................................................
7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles ......................................................................
8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles ....................................................
9. Full-time civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles ....................................................................
10. Part-time civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles ....................................................................
11. Full-time civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours ................................................................................
12. Full-time private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours ................................................................................
13. Full-time State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours ................................................................................
14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings of private industry establishments
for major occupational groups......................................................................................................
15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time private industry workers ....................
16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual
earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time private industry workers ....................
17. Union and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings for major occupational groups ..................
18. Time and incentive workers: Mean hourly earnings for major occupational groups ....................
19. Industry sector: Mean hourly earnings for private industry workers
by major occupational group ........................................................................................................
3
4
9
13
15
19
22
24
25
27
28
31
34
36
37
38
40
41
42
Appendixes:
A. Technical Note...............................................................................................................................
Appendix table 1. Number of workers represented by the survey ................................................
Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response ........................................................................
B. Standard Occupational Classification System................................................................................
v
A–1
A–5
A–6
B–1
Introduction
T
About the tables
The tables that follow present data on straight-time occupational earnings, which include wages and salaries, incentive
pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. These
earnings exclude premium pay for overtime, vacations,
holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. About 800 detailed occupations, listed in Appendix B, are used to describe all occupations in the civilian nonfarm economy (excluding the Federal Government and private households).
Data are not shown for any occupations if they would raise
concerns about the confidentiality of the survey respondents or if the data are insufficient to support reliable estimates.
Table 1 presents an overview of all tables in this bulletin. Mean hourly earnings, weekly hours, and relative standard errors are given for all industries, private industry, and
State and local government for selected worker and establishment characteristics. The worker characteristics include
high-level and intermediate occupational aggregation, fulltime or part-time status, union or nonunion status, and time
or incentive pay. Establishment characteristics include
goods producing, service providing, and size of establishment.
Table 2 presents mean hourly earnings data by work
level for occupational major groups and for detailed occupations. Separate data are also shown for full-time and
part-time workers. Table 3 provides work level data for
private industry workers. Table 4 provides similar data for
State and local government workers. Table 5 simplifies the
work levels by combining them into broader groups within
major and detailed occupations, and for full-time and parttime workers.
Tables 6 through 10 present hourly wage percentiles
that describe the distribution of hourly earnings for individual workers within each published occupation. Data are
provided for the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles
for detailed occupations within all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time workers, and
part-time workers.
Table 11 presents mean and median hourly, weekly, and
annual earnings, and the associated hours, for major occupational groups and detailed occupations for full-time
workers. Table 12 provides the same type of information
for private industry workers. Table 13 provides similar
data for State and local government workers.
Table 14 presents mean hourly earnings data for establishment employment sizes by high-level occupational ag-
he tables in this bulletin summarize the NCS results for
the Richmond–Petersburg, VA, metropolitan area.
Data were collected between March 2006 and April 2007;
the average reference month is September 2006. Tabulations provide information on earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at different work levels. Also contained in this bulletin are information on the program, a
technical note describing survey procedures, and an appendix with detailed information on occupational classifications.
Most of the earnings estimates in this bulletin are presented as mean hourly earnings. Mean weekly and annual
earnings, and the corresponding hours, also are provided
for full-time employees in specific occupations. Some occupations, such as teachers and fire fighters, typically have
shorter or longer work schedules than do the majority of
full-time workers. The weekly and annual estimates are
useful for comparing the earnings of occupations having
different work schedules.
NCS products
The Bureau’s National Compensation Survey provides
comprehensive measures of occupational earnings, compensation cost trends, benefit incidence, and detailed plan
provisions. The Employment Cost Index, a quarterly
measure of the change in employer costs for wages and
benefits, is derived from the NCS. Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation measures employers’ average
hourly costs for wages and benefits. NCS also measures
the incidence and provisions of benefit plans. This bulletin
is limited to data on occupational wages and salaries.
Changes to the publications
The locality wage publications have undergone a number of
significant changes. Beginning with the 3135 bulletin series, the releases employ:
1. The 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system and the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
2. An expanded scope of establishments, lowering the minimum establishment size for private industry from 50 workers to 1 worker
3. Imputation for temporary non-response situations
4. Benchmarking of estimated employment
5. Redesigned tables, to reflect the new classification system and to emphasize work levels
1
high-level occupational aggregation. Table 19 presents
mean hourly earnings data for major industry divisions
within the private sector.
Appendix table 1 presents the number of workers represented by the survey, by high-level occupational aggregation and for all industries, private industry, and State and
local government. Appendix table 2 provides the number
of establishments in the sampling frame and the number of
responding and nonresponding establishments.
gregations in the private sector. Tables 15 and 16 provide
mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings data
for full-time employees in private establishments with
fewer than 100 workers, and in private establishments with
100 workers or more.
Table 17 presents mean hourly earnings data for union
and nonunion workers in all, private, and State and local
government establishments by high-level occupational aggregation. Table 18 provides hourly earnings data for time
and incentive workers in all and private establishments by
2
Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Civilian
workers
Worker and establishment
characteristics
Private industry
workers
Hourly earnings
Mean
Relative
error2
(percent)
$19.22
3.4
Management, professional, and related ...........
Management, business, and financial ..........
Professional and related ...............................
Service ..............................................................
Sales and office ................................................
Sales and related ..........................................
Office and administrative support .................
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance ...................................................
Construction and extraction .........................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ............
Production, transportation, and material
moving ............................................................
Production ....................................................
Transportation and material moving .............
30.02
33.21
28.56
10.74
15.76
17.64
14.83
State and local government
workers
Hourly earnings
Mean
weekly
hours3
Mean
Relative
error2
(percent)
36.0
$18.43
3.9
3.2
6.3
3.5
7.0
5.2
11.2
2.3
37.8
40.9
36.5
30.9
35.4
33.7
36.3
30.33
33.28
28.25
9.60
15.92
17.64
14.86
18.49
16.46
21.39
2.9
7.1
5.7
40.1
40.0
40.3
14.85
15.73
13.91
3.7
5.4
4.0
Full time ............................................................
Part time ...........................................................
20.54
10.68
Union ................................................................
Nonunion ..........................................................
Time ..................................................................
Incentive ...........................................................
Hourly earnings
Mean
weekly
hours3
Mean
weekly
hours3
Mean
Relative
error2
(percent)
35.7
$23.28
6.7
37.9
4.0
6.8
4.2
7.2
5.8
11.2
2.8
37.7
41.0
35.7
29.6
35.1
33.7
36.1
29.30
32.45
29.02
16.47
14.70
–
14.70
5.0
9.8
6.1
7.5
2.5
–
2.5
37.9
39.5
37.7
38.9
37.4
–
37.4
18.17
16.41
21.13
3.0
7.6
6.5
40.1
40.0
40.3
21.56
17.90
22.54
8.9
4.5
10.2
39.7
38.9
40.0
37.6
39.1
36.1
14.83
15.73
13.84
3.8
5.4
4.1
37.7
39.1
36.2
15.40
–
15.31
.9
–
1.5
33.6
–
33.5
3.2
7.3
40.0
22.0
19.90
9.92
3.5
5.2
40.0
22.0
23.57
19.35
7.8
24.3
39.9
22.3
20.07
19.18
3.9
3.6
38.6
35.9
20.07
18.33
3.9
4.2
38.6
35.5
–
23.28
–
6.7
–
37.9
18.72
25.10
3.2
14.5
35.7
40.5
17.75
25.10
3.6
14.5
35.3
40.5
23.28
–
6.7
–
37.9
–
Goods producing ..............................................
Service providing ..............................................
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
18.61
18.39
2.4
4.8
39.9
34.8
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
1-99 workers .....................................................
100-499 workers ...............................................
500 workers or more .........................................
16.73
19.28
22.82
4.9
11.9
4.7
34.9
35.9
38.0
16.74
19.24
22.19
4.9
12.3
6.1
34.9
35.8
38.0
–
20.56
23.47
–
7.7
7.1
–
37.1
38.0
All workers ..........................................................
Worker characteristics4,5
Establishment characteristics
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium
pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is
computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,
weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of
the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample
estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based
on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are
determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on
hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially
based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production
bonuses.
5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-providing
industries applies to private industry only. Industries are determined by the 2002 North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
3
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$19.22
3.4
$20.54
3.2
$10.68
7.3
Management occupations .................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Computer and information systems managers .................
Financial managers ..........................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Education administrators ..................................................
37.01
22.69
36.54
55.64
43.66
53.71
47.13
51.39
36.14
9.6
3.2
2.6
4.1
14.3
7.8
21.7
24.4
3.7
37.02
22.69
36.54
55.64
43.69
53.71
47.13
51.39
36.14
9.6
3.2
2.6
4.1
14.3
7.8
21.7
24.4
3.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Level 7 .............................................................
Level 8 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Accountants and auditors .................................................
27.73
19.43
28.22
31.75
40.08
28.48
25.99
5.0
3.6
13.2
4.9
1.0
10.6
9.8
27.76
19.43
28.71
31.75
40.08
28.48
26.00
5.1
3.6
15.0
4.9
1.0
10.6
10.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Computer programmers ...................................................
Computer systems analysts .............................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
34.37
34.00
39.05
40.18
32.79
35.61
37.90
32.69
40.80
5.2
3.2
5.6
2.2
7.2
4.4
6.3
2.9
2.1
34.27
34.00
39.05
40.18
32.79
35.61
38.31
32.69
40.80
5.6
3.2
5.6
2.2
7.2
4.4
7.7
2.9
2.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Architecture and engineering occupations .....................
Engineers .........................................................................
Engineering technicians, except drafters ..........................
30.82
47.18
17.75
22.7
7.4
9.4
30.82
47.18
17.75
22.7
7.4
9.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
Life, physical, and social science occupations ...............
25.11
5.7
26.10
3.5
–
–
Community and social services occupations ..................
Counselors .......................................................................
Educational, vocational, and school counselors ...........
Social workers ..................................................................
20.53
27.00
29.05
18.56
6.4
8.5
9.6
8.0
21.46
27.29
29.05
–
8.4
8.3
9.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Legal occupations ..............................................................
32.55
27.6
32.55
27.6
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary ..............
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Special education teachers ..........................................
Librarians ..........................................................................
Teacher assistants ...........................................................
30.22
24.11
28.42
23.74
43.15
23.74
52.49
8.1
8.8
1.4
8.6
8.9
8.6
5.1
30.46
–
28.42
–
43.75
–
–
8.3
–
1.4
–
9.9
–
–
19.24
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
27.73
28.39
28.21
29.37
2.1
1.4
3.9
2.9
27.80
28.39
28.33
29.37
2.1
1.4
3.9
2.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
28.33
29.60
26.07
26.87
13.07
4.0
2.5
2.3
4.9
11.4
28.46
29.60
26.07
27.03
12.92
4.0
2.5
2.3
4.4
10.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.03
24.17
6.6
5.2
20.79
–
7.5
–
–
–
–
–
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations ..................................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
See footnotes at end of table.
4
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Level 8 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Registered nurses ............................................................
Level 8 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Therapists .........................................................................
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ...........
$24.30
21.19
18.03
30.65
27.99
25.13
26.67
26.13
27.05
30.34
18.65
8.3
3.8
6.6
10.8
4.4
7.0
5.0
1.0
5.6
7.3
5.2
$24.47
21.71
–
30.91
28.09
–
26.84
25.63
26.99
30.00
18.80
10.2
8.4
–
11.5
5.6
–
6.3
1.3
7.1
7.9
1.5
$23.31
–
–
–
27.63
–
26.11
–
27.24
–
–
12.5
–
–
–
1.1
–
4.9
–
1.7
–
–
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Level 3 .............................................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Level 3 .............................................................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
11.79
10.28
14.13
10.36
10.02
10.88
10.61
12.59
15.8
7.2
16.0
4.9
6.6
1.6
.8
18.7
12.60
10.80
–
10.90
10.64
10.92
10.65
13.29
13.8
3.2
–
1.2
.8
1.5
.8
17.2
8.86
8.50
–
8.93
8.50
–
–
–
11.9
11.9
–
14.2
11.9
–
–
–
Protective service occupations .........................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ...........................
Correctional officers and jailers ....................................
Police officers ...................................................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers ............
Security guards .............................................................
16.61
10.34
17.56
16.69
21.61
15.30
15.30
22.36
22.36
10.86
10.86
11.1
11.1
3.9
18.3
1.0
8.2
8.2
6.7
6.7
4.1
4.1
16.80
–
17.56
16.69
21.61
15.30
15.30
22.36
22.36
–
–
11.5
–
3.9
18.3
1.0
8.2
8.2
6.7
6.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cooks ...............................................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cooks, restaurant .........................................................
Food preparation workers .................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
7.79
6.45
7.68
11.08
9.02
10.12
9.50
9.56
6.55
4.60
3.52
2.38
7.08
6.96
3.0
4.9
7.6
3.6
5.2
11.2
11.8
8.4
12.7
27.6
36.7
11.0
6.7
.8
9.30
6.71
9.03
–
–
–
–
–
7.54
–
–
–
9.80
–
4.4
16.5
9.9
–
–
–
–
–
23.3
–
–
–
15.1
–
6.61
6.36
5.56
10.32
8.14
–
–
–
5.20
4.72
4.38
–
6.39
–
4.2
11.0
7.3
3.0
3.0
–
–
–
11.9
34.9
14.5
–
5.1
–
6.71
4.3
–
–
6.41
4.8
8.93
–
–
–
–
–
4.7
–
–
–
–
–
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ...............................
Grounds maintenance workers .........................................
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ..................
11.96
10.05
8.85
10.29
10.18
8.92
13.0
2.2
2.1
2.5
2.1
2.2
12.31
10.27
8.80
10.36
10.27
8.80
14.3
2.0
1.7
2.9
2.3
1.7
11.12
10.49
8.86
10.63
10.87
2.0
2.6
.8
5.7
7.9
11.34
10.60
8.85
–
–
2.0
2.6
.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
9.20
14.4
–
–
7.94
8.9
See footnotes at end of table.
5
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$7.68
10.79
1.9
8.5
–
–
–
–
$7.53
–
5.2
–
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers ...............
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents .........................................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ......
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products .................
17.64
7.50
7.94
8.66
15.56
17.21
21.56
24.73
21.91
11.95
7.40
7.94
9.36
16.32
8.19
8.09
8.53
8.19
8.09
8.53
13.66
16.20
11.2
2.6
3.6
5.8
10.0
19.3
9.4
33.3
27.8
2.6
1.9
3.6
8.4
18.5
1.8
2.9
3.8
1.8
2.9
3.8
1.0
22.2
$20.09
–
–
–
15.19
17.21
21.56
26.26
21.91
14.03
–
–
–
15.82
9.10
–
–
9.10
–
–
14.68
15.57
12.6
–
–
–
13.9
19.3
9.4
34.1
27.8
4.1
–
–
–
24.3
10.0
–
–
10.0
–
–
7.4
30.1
8.93
7.51
7.70
8.36
–
–
–
–
–
8.93
7.37
7.70
8.36
–
7.80
7.83
–
7.80
7.83
–
10.75
–
8.2
3.5
4.2
5.1
–
–
–
–
–
8.7
2.1
4.2
5.1
–
2.5
4.2
–
2.5
4.2
–
25.8
–
82.15
19.99
26.3
15.7
82.15
19.99
26.3
15.7
–
–
–
–
20.02
15.8
20.02
15.8
–
–
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers ...................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Bill and account collectors ............................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Level 4 .............................................................
Tellers ...........................................................................
Customer service representatives ....................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Library assistants, clerical ................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Dispatchers .......................................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
14.83
9.91
12.24
14.95
16.23
18.46
20.91
13.92
2.3
3.0
4.1
4.9
4.8
1.8
4.4
3.7
15.35
10.49
12.55
15.04
16.44
18.35
20.91
14.90
2.4
3.9
4.7
5.1
5.1
1.8
4.4
3.7
11.51
9.44
10.81
13.40
–
–
–
10.62
6.5
5.3
6.8
5.8
–
–
–
11.7
21.22
14.00
12.38
13.36
16.21
15.09
13.96
12.55
11.27
16.31
12.54
17.74
12.10
9.44
13.13
14.94
16.36
9.59
9.55
16.87
14.36
14.87
17.32
17.28
5.0
3.5
6.4
3.1
9.7
.8
3.6
6.1
6.1
8.4
5.0
9.9
14.0
10.2
13.9
13.0
10.1
10.4
5.2
2.9
4.5
2.6
7.2
3.1
21.22
14.37
13.25
13.43
–
15.07
14.27
–
–
16.66
12.54
18.00
13.80
–
13.77
–
16.40
10.55
–
17.08
14.36
14.88
18.18
17.37
5.0
3.7
10.4
2.8
–
1.0
3.1
–
–
8.8
5.0
9.5
16.7
–
15.0
–
10.3
12.8
–
2.8
4.5
2.9
5.8
3.5
–
11.82
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.31
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.11
–
14.09
–
–
–
–
–
3.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.6
–
7.8
–
–
–
–
Personal care and service occupations –Continued
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
6
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Level 4 .............................................................
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .................
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal
service ........................................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
$13.65
15.44
15.92
4.4
7.9
7.5
$13.86
15.44
15.92
4.8
7.9
7.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.40
13.43
11.42
13.58
12.87
8.4
4.8
7.1
6.5
10.2
–
14.17
–
13.61
–
–
5.4
–
6.7
–
–
$11.15
–
–
–
–
9.3
–
–
–
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
16.46
14.63
20.78
7.1
8.0
9.0
16.47
14.63
20.78
7.1
8.0
9.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers,
and repairers ..............................................................
Automotive technicians and repairers ..............................
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ...........
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ...
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Industrial machinery mechanics ...................................
Maintenance workers, machinery .................................
21.39
19.93
21.28
23.26
5.7
15.2
8.1
4.2
21.39
19.93
21.28
23.26
5.7
15.2
8.1
4.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
26.83
19.67
19.50
19.68
4.4
17.8
21.5
8.4
26.83
19.67
19.50
19.68
4.4
17.8
21.5
8.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.57
25.96
25.03
22.87
16.4
3.1
2.2
7.6
19.57
25.96
25.03
22.87
16.4
3.1
2.2
7.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.73
10.43
13.67
17.81
17.25
28.33
23.19
18.70
5.4
1.8
7.9
7.9
3.4
.2
11.4
8.2
15.87
10.57
13.52
17.81
17.25
28.33
23.19
18.73
5.5
1.3
8.0
7.9
3.4
.2
11.4
8.3
10.67
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
31.05
11.75
16.39
15.92
13.68
12.38
12.8
8.2
16.4
17.5
17.6
9.1
31.05
12.24
16.39
15.92
13.85
–
12.8
7.0
16.4
17.5
18.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.91
8.27
12.37
12.96
15.14
15.56
12.84
4.0
8.4
8.6
4.4
2.8
1.5
10.2
14.97
9.17
12.95
13.45
15.14
15.56
14.93
3.6
10.1
8.1
5.3
2.8
1.5
3.6
10.02
7.07
10.06
–
–
–
–
5.5
10.8
12.8
–
–
–
–
17.88
13.98
16.32
14.90
14.58
15.81
12.78
14.00
11.19
8.68
13.22
7.7
4.4
3.9
4.5
2.6
1.4
7.6
3.9
7.2
4.8
11.6
–
14.57
16.32
14.90
14.61
15.81
12.78
14.35
12.20
8.88
14.12
–
2.0
3.9
4.5
2.5
1.4
7.6
3.1
8.3
8.0
10.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.66
8.15
10.49
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.8
7.5
14.8
12.35
9.2
13.82
5.8
9.88
12.4
Production occupations ....................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and
material movers, hand ................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Level 5 .............................................................
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators .......
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
7
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand –Continued
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$10.67
13.80
8.14
7.88
10.7
13.8
3.8
5.4
–
$14.45
–
–
–
11.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is
evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and
complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored
to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the
overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
8
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$18.43
3.9
$19.90
3.5
$9.92
5.2
Management occupations .................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 13 ............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Computer and information systems managers .................
Financial managers ..........................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
37.17
22.63
56.92
43.90
53.71
48.05
51.83
10.0
3.3
1.9
14.8
7.8
22.1
24.6
37.17
22.63
56.92
43.90
53.71
48.05
51.83
10.0
3.3
1.9
14.8
7.8
22.1
24.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Level 8 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Accountants and auditors .................................................
27.14
28.40
32.52
25.72
26.37
4.7
13.4
5.9
8.8
11.9
27.16
28.94
32.52
25.72
26.40
4.8
15.3
5.9
8.8
12.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 10 ............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
Computer systems analysts .............................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Level 11 ............................................................
33.82
34.00
39.05
40.45
39.82
32.69
41.27
6.8
3.2
5.6
2.0
9.6
2.9
1.6
33.82
34.00
39.05
40.45
39.82
32.69
41.27
6.8
3.2
5.6
2.0
9.6
2.9
1.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Architecture and engineering occupations .....................
Engineers .........................................................................
44.21
47.18
11.2
7.4
44.21
47.18
11.2
7.4
–
–
–
–
Life, physical, and social science occupations ...............
25.02
4.4
25.11
4.6
–
–
Community and social services occupations ..................
19.79
10.1
19.22
11.9
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
23.03
32.45
9.2
9.4
23.42
32.50
10.4
9.5
–
–
–
–
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations ..................................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
21.39
23.34
5.7
4.5
19.70
–
4.8
–
–
–
–
–
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Level 8 .............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Registered nurses ............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Therapists .........................................................................
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ...........
23.49
21.37
17.77
30.75
28.61
26.26
28.15
27.14
18.73
10.2
3.7
6.2
10.9
5.7
5.8
6.7
2.4
5.5
23.82
21.98
–
31.02
29.08
26.26
28.60
–
18.95
13.2
8.6
–
11.7
8.2
8.0
9.2
–
1.4
21.92
–
–
–
27.63
26.25
27.24
–
–
11.7
–
–
–
1.1
4.9
1.7
–
–
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Level 3 .............................................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Level 3 .............................................................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
11.79
10.28
14.13
10.36
10.02
10.88
10.61
12.59
15.8
7.2
16.0
4.9
6.6
1.6
.8
18.7
12.60
10.80
–
10.90
10.64
10.92
10.65
13.29
13.8
3.2
–
1.2
.8
1.5
.8
17.2
8.86
8.50
–
8.93
8.50
–
–
–
11.9
11.9
–
14.2
11.9
–
–
–
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cooks ...............................................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cooks, restaurant .........................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
7.64
6.37
7.60
11.08
9.02
10.12
9.50
6.55
4.60
2.6
5.8
7.8
3.6
5.2
11.2
11.8
12.7
27.6
9.06
6.50
8.94
–
–
–
–
7.54
–
3.7
16.9
10.2
–
–
–
–
23.3
–
6.59
6.33
5.56
10.32
8.14
–
–
5.20
4.72
4.3
11.4
7.3
3.0
3.0
–
–
11.9
34.9
See footnotes at end of table.
9
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$3.52
2.38
7.06
6.94
36.7
11.0
6.6
.8
–
–
$9.80
–
–
–
15.1
–
$4.38
–
6.36
–
14.5
–
5.7
–
6.69
4.8
–
–
6.38
5.5
12.68
9.43
8.74
10.26
9.68
8.84
16.5
4.7
2.2
3.3
4.5
2.4
13.10
9.79
8.84
10.31
9.79
8.84
17.8
5.5
2.4
3.6
5.5
2.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.33
8.88
10.67
3.3
.6
6.4
11.46
8.87
–
3.5
.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
Level 2 .............................................................
9.04
7.68
15.8
1.9
–
–
–
–
7.95
7.51
9.6
5.8
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers ...............
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents .........................................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ......
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products .................
17.64
7.50
7.94
8.66
15.56
17.21
21.56
24.73
21.91
11.95
7.40
7.94
9.36
16.32
8.19
8.09
8.53
8.19
8.09
8.53
13.66
16.20
11.2
2.6
3.6
5.8
10.0
19.3
9.4
33.3
27.8
2.6
1.9
3.6
8.4
18.5
1.8
2.9
3.8
1.8
2.9
3.8
1.0
22.2
20.09
–
–
–
15.19
17.21
21.56
26.26
21.91
14.03
–
–
–
15.82
9.10
–
–
9.10
–
–
14.68
15.57
12.6
–
–
–
13.9
19.3
9.4
34.1
27.8
4.1
–
–
–
24.3
10.0
–
–
10.0
–
–
7.4
30.1
8.93
7.51
7.70
8.36
–
–
–
–
–
8.93
7.37
7.70
8.36
–
7.80
7.83
–
7.80
7.83
–
10.75
–
8.2
3.5
4.2
5.1
–
–
–
–
–
8.7
2.1
4.2
5.1
–
2.5
4.2
–
2.5
4.2
–
25.8
–
82.15
19.99
26.3
15.7
82.15
19.99
26.3
15.7
–
–
–
–
20.02
15.8
20.02
15.8
–
–
14.86
9.91
12.25
15.24
17.25
19.06
21.78
14.10
2.8
3.4
4.4
5.6
5.7
2.4
4.5
3.5
15.42
–
12.58
15.36
17.53
18.96
21.78
14.90
2.8
–
5.0
5.7
5.7
2.5
4.5
3.7
11.64
9.61
10.80
13.51
–
–
–
11.05
7.0
5.9
6.9
6.4
–
–
–
12.6
21.22
13.71
11.83
13.43
–
13.59
11.27
5.7
4.1
5.3
3.1
–
3.1
6.1
21.22
14.11
–
13.52
14.87
13.93
–
5.7
4.5
–
2.8
.7
2.4
–
–
11.82
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.7
–
–
–
–
–
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ...............................
Grounds maintenance workers .........................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers ...................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Bill and account collectors ............................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Tellers ...........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
10
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Customer service representatives ....................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Level 4 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .................
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal
service ........................................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
$16.39
12.54
18.08
12.10
13.13
14.94
9.52
17.05
13.50
17.32
17.29
12.78
15.92
8.7
5.0
9.9
14.0
13.9
13.0
10.7
4.9
3.8
7.2
6.8
6.5
7.5
$16.72
12.54
18.23
13.80
13.77
–
–
17.36
13.50
18.18
17.53
–
15.92
9.1
5.0
9.6
16.7
15.0
–
–
4.9
3.8
5.8
8.5
–
7.5
$13.42
–
–
–
–
–
8.11
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.3
–
–
–
–
–
2.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.40
13.93
14.16
8.4
5.8
8.1
–
14.83
14.24
–
6.4
8.4
–
11.27
–
–
10.5
–
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
Level 4 .............................................................
16.41
14.65
7.6
8.0
16.41
14.65
7.6
8.0
–
–
–
–
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Automotive technicians and repairers ..............................
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ...........
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Industrial machinery mechanics ...................................
Maintenance workers, machinery .................................
21.13
23.46
23.69
19.64
19.47
6.5
7.5
4.8
17.9
21.6
21.13
23.46
23.69
19.64
19.47
6.5
7.5
4.8
17.9
21.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.53
26.55
25.18
22.87
17.5
1.6
2.8
7.6
19.53
26.55
25.18
22.87
17.5
1.6
2.8
7.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Production occupations ....................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Level 2 .............................................................
15.73
10.43
13.67
17.81
17.25
28.33
23.26
18.70
5.4
1.8
7.9
7.9
3.4
.2
11.6
8.2
15.87
10.57
13.52
17.81
17.25
28.33
23.26
18.73
5.5
1.3
8.0
7.9
3.4
.2
11.6
8.3
10.67
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
31.05
11.75
16.39
15.92
13.68
12.38
12.8
8.2
16.4
17.5
17.6
9.1
31.05
12.24
16.39
15.92
13.85
–
12.8
7.0
16.4
17.5
18.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Not able to be leveled .......................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Level 5 .............................................................
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators .......
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
13.84
8.27
12.37
12.83
15.28
15.58
12.72
13.97
16.62
14.90
14.60
15.83
12.78
14.00
11.19
8.68
13.22
4.1
8.4
8.7
4.1
3.2
1.6
10.3
4.5
4.2
4.5
2.7
1.4
7.6
3.9
7.2
4.8
11.6
14.95
9.17
12.95
13.45
15.28
15.58
14.86
14.58
16.62
14.90
14.62
15.83
12.78
14.35
12.20
8.88
14.12
3.8
10.1
8.1
5.3
3.2
1.6
3.9
2.1
4.2
4.5
2.7
1.4
7.6
3.1
8.3
8.0
10.2
9.88
7.07
10.00
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.66
8.15
10.49
5.4
10.8
13.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.8
7.5
14.8
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work levels3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Level 2 .............................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$12.35
10.67
13.80
8.14
7.88
9.2
10.7
13.8
3.8
5.4
$13.82
–
14.45
–
–
5.8
–
11.3
–
–
$9.88
–
–
–
–
12.4
–
–
–
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is
evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and
complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored
to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the
overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
12
Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work
levels3, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$23.28
6.7
$23.57
7.8
$19.35
24.3
Management occupations .................................................
33.79
4.3
33.98
4.2
–
–
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Level 7 .............................................................
Accountants and auditors .................................................
31.75
21.02
24.06
14.3
4.9
10.1
31.75
21.02
24.06
14.3
4.9
10.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
Community and social services occupations ..................
Counselors .......................................................................
21.46
27.12
9.1
10.6
24.91
–
6.4
–
–
–
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Level 9 .............................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Level 9 .............................................................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Level 9 .............................................................
Librarians ..........................................................................
Teacher assistants ...........................................................
31.18
28.43
8.2
1.4
31.38
28.43
8.5
1.4
–
–
–
–
28.26
28.40
29.14
29.42
1.2
1.4
2.5
3.0
28.34
28.40
29.28
29.42
1.1
1.4
2.4
3.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
29.35
29.66
26.44
13.12
2.1
2.6
7.4
11.7
29.50
29.66
26.69
12.92
2.0
2.6
6.9
10.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
27.40
8.0
26.61
5.5
–
–
Protective service occupations .........................................
Level 6 .............................................................
Level 7 .............................................................
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ...........................
Correctional officers and jailers ....................................
Police officers ...................................................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................
20.11
14.68
21.61
15.30
15.30
22.36
22.36
8.2
5.3
1.0
8.2
8.2
6.7
6.7
20.16
14.68
21.61
15.30
15.30
22.36
22.36
8.1
5.3
1.0
8.2
8.2
6.7
6.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.33
10.50
10.32
10.53
3.7
1.8
4.0
1.9
10.44
10.50
10.45
10.53
4.4
1.8
4.9
1.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.86
2.0
11.18
.5
–
–
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Level 1 .............................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
13
Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers2 by work
levels3, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Level 2 .............................................................
Level 3 .............................................................
Level 4 .............................................................
Level 5 .............................................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Level 4 .............................................................
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Level 4 .............................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
$14.70
9.91
12.19
13.72
14.57
15.47
16.62
15.21
14.87
15.44
12.07
2.5
4.8
11.1
3.7
3.6
3.7
1.7
7.6
5.5
8.2
4.4
$15.05
–
–
13.76
14.61
15.47
16.74
15.21
15.25
15.44
12.45
2.7
–
–
4.0
4.1
3.7
1.8
7.6
5.7
8.2
3.0
$10.47
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
17.90
4.5
18.01
3.8
–
–
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
22.54
10.2
22.54
10.2
–
–
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
15.31
1.5
15.27
4.1
–
–
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is
evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and
complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored
to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the
occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the
overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
14
Table 5. Combined work levels1 for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for full-time and part-time workers3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
All workers ..............................................................................
$19.22
3.4
$20.54
3.2
$10.68
7.3
Management occupations .................................................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Group IV ...........................................................
Computer and information systems managers .................
Financial managers ..........................................................
Education administrators ..................................................
37.01
21.77
31.07
55.64
53.71
47.13
36.14
9.6
4.9
9.5
4.1
7.8
21.7
3.7
37.02
–
–
–
53.71
47.13
36.14
9.6
–
–
–
7.8
21.7
3.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Accountants and auditors .................................................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
27.73
20.95
33.77
25.99
21.78
33.37
5.0
7.5
3.2
9.8
12.7
4.7
27.76
–
–
26.00
21.49
33.37
5.1
–
–
10.3
13.6
4.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Computer programmers ...................................................
Computer systems analysts .............................................
Group III ............................................................
34.37
29.73
37.10
35.61
37.90
36.84
5.2
3.7
2.4
4.4
6.3
2.7
34.27
–
–
35.61
38.31
36.84
5.6
–
–
4.4
7.7
2.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Architecture and engineering occupations .....................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Engineers .........................................................................
Group III ............................................................
Engineering technicians, except drafters ..........................
30.82
17.01
34.88
47.18
45.35
17.75
22.7
4.9
17.2
7.4
3.7
9.4
30.82
–
–
47.18
–
17.75
22.7
–
–
7.4
–
9.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Life, physical, and social science occupations ...............
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
25.11
27.21
25.83
5.7
8.6
6.1
26.10
–
–
3.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Community and social services occupations ..................
Group II .............................................................
Counselors .......................................................................
Educational, vocational, and school counselors ...........
Social workers ..................................................................
20.53
18.56
27.00
29.05
18.56
6.4
8.2
8.5
9.6
8.0
21.46
–
27.29
29.05
–
8.4
–
8.3
9.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Legal occupations ..............................................................
32.55
27.6
32.55
27.6
–
–
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Group III ............................................................
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary ..............
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Group III ............................................................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Special education teachers ..........................................
Librarians ..........................................................................
Teacher assistants ...........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
30.22
11.87
21.92
30.12
43.15
35.56
52.49
8.1
.9
7.7
6.6
8.9
18.8
5.1
30.46
–
–
–
43.75
–
–
8.3
–
–
–
9.9
–
–
19.24
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
27.73
22.14
28.39
28.21
29.37
2.1
16.3
1.4
3.9
2.9
27.80
–
–
28.33
–
2.1
–
–
3.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
28.33
29.60
26.07
26.87
13.07
11.87
4.0
2.5
2.3
4.9
11.4
.9
28.46
29.60
26.07
27.03
12.92
11.87
4.0
2.5
2.3
4.4
10.6
.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22.03
6.6
20.79
7.5
–
–
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations ..................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
15
Table 5. Combined work levels1 for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for full-time and part-time workers3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Registered nurses ............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Therapists .........................................................................
Group III ............................................................
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ...........
Group II .............................................................
$24.30
22.06
30.29
26.67
23.88
28.21
30.34
33.47
18.65
18.67
8.3
16.0
4.8
5.0
4.4
5.7
7.3
7.6
5.2
6.3
$24.47
–
–
26.84
23.65
28.48
30.00
–
18.80
18.93
10.2
–
–
6.3
5.8
7.0
7.9
–
1.5
1.8
$23.31
–
–
26.11
24.52
27.24
–
–
–
–
12.5
–
–
4.9
6.7
1.7
–
–
–
–
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Group I ..............................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Group I ..............................................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Group I ..............................................................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
Group I ..............................................................
11.79
11.15
10.36
10.33
10.88
10.86
12.59
12.65
15.8
12.2
4.9
5.3
1.6
1.5
18.7
19.0
12.60
–
10.90
–
10.92
10.91
13.29
–
13.8
–
1.2
–
1.5
1.4
17.2
–
8.86
–
8.93
–
–
–
–
–
11.9
–
14.2
–
–
–
–
–
Protective service occupations .........................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Group III ............................................................
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ...........................
Group II .............................................................
Correctional officers and jailers ....................................
Group II .............................................................
Police officers ...................................................................
Group II .............................................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................
Group II .............................................................
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers ............
Group I ..............................................................
Security guards .............................................................
Group I ..............................................................
16.61
10.87
18.21
31.25
15.30
15.30
15.30
15.30
22.36
20.57
22.36
20.57
10.86
10.86
10.86
10.86
11.1
4.0
8.0
23.9
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
6.7
1.3
6.7
1.3
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
16.80
–
–
–
15.30
–
15.30
15.30
22.36
–
22.36
20.57
–
–
–
–
11.5
–
–
–
8.2
–
8.2
8.2
6.7
–
6.7
1.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Group I ..............................................................
Cooks ...............................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Cooks, restaurant .........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Food preparation workers .................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Group I ..............................................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
Group I ..............................................................
7.79
7.54
9.02
8.99
9.50
9.48
9.56
9.56
6.55
6.55
3.52
3.52
7.08
7.08
3.0
3.3
5.2
5.5
11.8
13.0
8.4
8.4
12.7
12.7
36.7
36.7
6.7
6.7
9.30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.54
–
–
–
9.80
–
4.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.3
–
–
–
15.1
–
6.61
–
8.14
–
–
–
–
–
5.20
–
4.38
4.38
6.39
–
4.2
–
3.0
–
–
–
–
–
11.9
–
14.5
14.5
5.1
–
6.71
6.71
4.3
4.3
–
–
–
–
6.41
6.41
4.8
4.8
11.96
9.84
10.29
9.63
13.0
2.7
2.5
2.6
12.31
–
10.36
–
14.3
–
2.9
–
8.93
–
–
–
4.7
–
–
–
11.12
10.37
8.86
8.86
2.0
3.4
.8
.8
11.34
10.61
8.85
8.85
2.0
3.2
.8
.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Group I ..............................................................
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ...............................
Group I ..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table 5. Combined work levels1 for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for full-time and part-time workers3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Grounds maintenance workers .........................................
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ..................
$10.63
10.87
5.7
7.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
Group I ..............................................................
9.20
9.20
14.4
14.4
–
–
–
–
$7.94
–
8.9
–
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers ...............
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents .........................................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ......
Group II .............................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products .................
17.64
11.20
21.01
21.91
11.95
11.31
8.19
8.13
8.19
8.13
13.66
13.05
11.2
8.1
8.4
27.8
2.6
7.0
1.8
1.3
1.8
1.3
1.0
11.6
$20.09
–
–
21.91
14.03
–
9.10
–
9.10
–
14.68
14.11
12.6
–
–
27.8
4.1
–
10.0
–
10.0
–
7.4
26.7
8.93
–
–
–
8.93
–
7.80
–
7.80
7.80
10.75
10.85
8.2
–
–
–
8.7
–
2.5
–
2.5
2.5
25.8
26.9
82.15
19.99
20.18
26.3
15.7
17.6
82.15
19.99
–
26.3
15.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.02
15.8
20.02
15.8
–
–
14.83
13.61
17.74
2.3
4.1
2.9
15.35
–
–
2.4
–
–
11.51
–
–
6.5
–
–
21.22
14.00
13.05
16.23
15.09
13.96
13.41
11.27
11.27
16.31
15.91
22.01
9.44
13.13
13.73
16.36
9.59
9.07
16.87
13.52
17.97
17.28
17.41
13.65
13.64
15.92
5.0
3.5
3.2
5.8
.8
3.6
5.5
6.1
6.1
8.4
11.6
3.2
10.2
13.9
13.3
10.1
10.4
3.6
2.9
5.1
2.5
3.1
3.1
4.4
8.5
7.5
21.22
14.37
–
–
15.07
14.27
13.79
–
–
16.66
16.02
22.02
–
13.77
13.77
16.40
10.55
–
17.08
–
–
17.37
–
13.86
13.93
15.92
5.0
3.7
–
–
1.0
3.1
5.8
–
–
8.8
11.7
4.2
–
15.0
15.0
10.3
12.8
–
2.8
–
–
3.5
–
4.8
9.3
7.5
–
11.82
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.31
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.11
8.11
14.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.6
2.6
7.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.40
13.43
12.73
18.10
8.4
4.8
5.6
7.9
–
14.17
13.23
19.30
–
5.4
5.3
5.9
–
11.15
10.32
–
–
9.3
7.4
–
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
16.46
12.65
18.73
7.1
6.3
5.3
16.47
–
–
7.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
21.39
5.7
21.39
5.7
–
–
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers ...................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Bill and account collectors ............................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Group I ..............................................................
Tellers ...........................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Customer service representatives ....................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Library assistants, clerical ................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Group I ..............................................................
Dispatchers .......................................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Group I ..............................................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Group II .............................................................
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Group I ..............................................................
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .................
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal
service ........................................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Table 5. Combined work levels1 for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for full-time and part-time workers3,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Total
Occupation4 and level
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
–Continued
Group II .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers,
and repairers ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Automotive technicians and repairers ..............................
Group II .............................................................
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ...........
Group II .............................................................
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ...
Group II .............................................................
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
Group II .............................................................
Industrial machinery mechanics ...................................
Group II .............................................................
Maintenance workers, machinery .................................
Production occupations ....................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Group I ..............................................................
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Group I ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and
material movers, hand ................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Group I ..............................................................
Group II .............................................................
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators .......
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Group I ..............................................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Group I ..............................................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Group I ..............................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
Group I ..............................................................
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
Mean
Relative
error5
(percent)
$22.67
4.6
–
–
–
–
26.83
24.64
19.67
20.78
19.50
20.85
19.68
19.68
4.4
4.7
17.8
16.2
21.5
20.3
8.4
8.4
$26.83
24.64
19.67
–
19.50
20.85
19.68
19.68
4.4
4.7
17.8
–
21.5
20.3
8.4
8.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19.57
24.91
25.03
27.95
22.87
16.4
4.2
2.2
1.4
7.6
19.57
–
25.03
27.95
22.87
16.4
–
2.2
1.4
7.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.73
12.03
19.74
5.4
5.8
4.8
15.87
–
–
5.5
–
–
$10.67
–
–
16.2
–
–
31.05
11.75
11.39
16.39
15.92
13.68
10.94
12.8
8.2
4.8
16.4
17.5
17.6
21.5
31.05
12.24
–
16.39
15.92
13.85
–
12.8
7.0
–
16.4
17.5
18.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.91
12.40
17.46
4.0
4.6
9.7
14.97
–
–
3.6
–
–
10.02
–
–
5.5
–
–
17.88
13.98
13.50
14.30
14.58
14.58
14.56
12.78
14.00
12.37
11.19
11.53
7.7
4.4
9.8
2.9
2.6
4.3
3.9
7.6
3.9
4.1
7.2
8.9
–
14.57
–
–
14.61
14.65
14.56
12.78
14.35
12.38
12.20
–
–
2.0
–
–
2.5
4.6
3.9
7.6
3.1
4.5
8.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.66
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.8
–
12.35
13.31
8.14
7.91
9.2
9.4
3.8
4.8
13.82
14.01
–
–
5.8
6.3
–
–
9.88
11.07
–
–
12.4
20.5
–
–
1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining
levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I combines levels 1-4, group II
combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines
levels 13-15.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where
a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around
a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories
not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
18
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Occupation2
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$8.25
$11.11
$16.00
$23.17
$33.00
Management occupations .................................................
Computer and information systems managers .................
Financial managers ..........................................................
Education administrators ..................................................
20.14
35.10
20.08
26.00
22.93
50.31
28.80
34.97
28.80
50.31
41.79
37.60
41.79
54.41
51.81
39.18
53.20
76.92
88.46
39.18
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Accountants and auditors .................................................
17.41
18.27
18.27
18.27
26.09
21.79
33.99
32.36
42.19
42.69
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Computer programmers ...................................................
Computer systems analysts .............................................
23.94
35.18
27.75
24.57
35.71
31.87
35.78
36.72
35.78
40.16
36.72
42.10
44.01
39.49
58.27
Architecture and engineering occupations .....................
Engineers .........................................................................
Engineering technicians, except drafters ..........................
16.34
32.28
16.34
16.34
39.75
16.34
24.16
46.61
16.34
43.41
53.27
16.34
53.08
69.04
22.24
Life, physical, and social science occupations ...............
21.50
22.83
23.78
29.47
30.83
Community and social services occupations ..................
Counselors .......................................................................
Educational, vocational, and school counselors ...........
Social workers ..................................................................
12.00
17.93
14.93
10.83
15.77
20.80
29.39
16.48
18.72
28.96
30.50
18.72
25.63
30.50
30.88
21.17
30.50
31.80
39.11
25.68
Legal occupations ..............................................................
16.89
20.38
27.50
38.23
63.99
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary ..............
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Special education teachers ..........................................
Librarians ..........................................................................
Teacher assistants ...........................................................
15.36
22.52
54.42
23.18
29.55
54.42
27.55
50.95
54.42
32.66
54.42
54.42
54.42
61.62
54.42
22.57
22.43
24.58
25.79
26.71
27.30
30.12
30.12
35.53
36.05
22.15
23.61
21.29
9.56
25.96
25.97
25.09
10.39
27.86
26.53
27.55
11.75
30.12
27.77
27.55
14.46
36.05
27.77
33.17
20.17
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations ..................................................................
19.23
19.23
19.25
26.42
28.02
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Registered nurses ............................................................
Therapists .........................................................................
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ...........
15.31
19.91
24.10
16.00
16.64
23.20
25.63
16.56
23.11
25.96
30.28
19.00
29.69
30.50
35.11
19.95
36.43
33.27
36.43
21.00
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
7.45
7.30
9.02
8.94
9.97
9.44
10.00
9.97
10.74
10.62
10.89
10.50
12.22
11.61
11.99
16.00
17.00
12.22
12.22
20.00
Protective service occupations .........................................
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ...........................
Correctional officers and jailers ....................................
Police officers ...................................................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers ............
Security guards .............................................................
9.04
11.67
11.67
18.27
18.27
8.75
8.75
10.75
12.83
12.83
18.73
18.73
9.04
9.04
14.00
14.48
14.48
21.19
21.19
10.15
10.15
20.32
16.44
16.44
24.78
24.78
12.00
12.00
27.57
20.80
20.80
30.51
30.51
14.00
14.00
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Cooks ...............................................................................
Cooks, restaurant .........................................................
Food preparation workers .................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
2.15
5.25
8.00
6.25
2.13
2.13
5.15
6.25
7.80
8.08
8.25
2.15
2.13
6.25
7.75
9.74
9.50
10.32
6.85
2.13
6.75
9.90
11.00
10.00
10.62
11.11
3.02
7.75
11.11
11.00
12.00
10.74
11.11
11.00
9.37
5.15
6.25
6.65
7.50
8.50
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 —
Continued
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$8.00
8.00
$8.99
8.63
$10.25
9.75
$12.50
12.36
$12.76
12.76
8.76
7.73
8.00
8.00
9.27
8.00
9.73
10.25
11.79
8.50
10.25
10.25
12.76
9.50
12.50
12.50
12.76
10.75
12.50
12.50
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
6.50
7.00
8.00
9.02
13.94
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers ...............
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents .........................................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ......
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products .................
7.45
11.33
7.00
6.75
6.75
7.20
8.28
12.01
7.70
7.20
7.20
8.46
12.16
25.45
9.17
8.00
8.00
10.69
17.50
29.43
13.50
8.82
8.82
15.00
26.39
34.46
20.64
9.79
9.79
23.87
12.98
14.96
16.04
14.96
49.52
17.50
165.56
18.51
219.96
40.98
14.96
14.96
17.50
18.51
40.98
9.64
11.75
14.21
17.28
21.15
19.33
10.31
13.46
10.69
9.64
11.43
7.34
9.27
12.56
8.00
12.55
12.55
10.22
13.54
19.33
12.16
14.18
12.02
9.64
12.43
7.79
10.00
12.75
8.45
13.78
14.21
12.31
14.05
19.33
14.36
14.89
14.83
11.50
14.42
7.90
12.83
16.00
9.27
16.35
16.83
13.33
15.38
21.73
15.85
16.06
15.85
12.37
22.00
12.38
14.50
16.40
9.63
19.70
19.36
14.75
16.47
23.22
16.75
16.68
16.75
12.37
25.54
14.45
18.00
23.56
12.76
22.51
22.61
17.44
21.15
7.53
9.34
12.01
11.00
12.46
12.81
12.60
15.78
12.60
19.20
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
10.25
13.00
16.00
19.79
20.65
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers,
and repairers ..............................................................
Automotive technicians and repairers ..............................
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ...........
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ...
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
Industrial machinery mechanics ...................................
Maintenance workers, machinery .................................
11.00
16.23
21.06
27.50
29.86
17.88
10.06
10.00
16.26
24.51
14.96
12.86
16.75
27.74
18.99
18.99
19.50
31.62
23.50
23.80
21.05
33.00
27.60
29.22
27.00
10.00
16.23
16.99
11.00
17.43
20.68
19.85
21.27
25.34
25.34
32.56
25.34
32.56
32.56
25.34
8.00
10.30
14.77
19.00
23.96
14.70
8.00
10.00
10.00
6.50
26.70
9.80
14.03
14.03
7.40
26.70
10.78
15.25
14.03
13.26
32.97
12.82
19.94
19.94
22.81
65.00
14.75
19.94
19.94
22.81
8.50
11.07
13.50
15.98
18.01
13.38
8.50
14.56
13.00
17.50
14.50
20.84
15.25
22.24
17.02
Occupation2
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ...............................
Grounds maintenance workers .........................................
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ..................
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers ...................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Bill and account collectors ............................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Tellers ...........................................................................
Customer service representatives ....................................
Library assistants, clerical ................................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Dispatchers .......................................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .................
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal
service ........................................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
Production occupations ....................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and
material movers, hand ................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 —
Continued
10
25
Median
50
75
90
$11.50
11.65
10.00
8.00
$13.67
11.65
11.44
8.50
$14.75
11.85
13.50
10.00
$15.25
13.64
17.30
12.75
$17.02
15.91
17.60
17.50
8.61
6.35
9.09
7.50
11.42
8.10
15.72
8.30
17.50
10.00
Occupation2
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators .......
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
21
Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Occupation2
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$8.00
$10.50
$15.36
$22.14
$31.00
Management occupations .................................................
Computer and information systems managers .................
Financial managers ..........................................................
19.95
35.10
19.96
22.93
50.31
28.80
28.64
50.31
41.79
41.79
54.41
52.41
53.44
76.92
88.64
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Accountants and auditors .................................................
17.41
18.27
18.27
18.27
25.71
24.69
33.99
33.83
38.78
42.69
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Computer systems analysts .............................................
23.94
27.55
24.57
30.80
34.70
38.69
40.80
44.42
44.72
58.27
Architecture and engineering occupations .....................
Engineers .........................................................................
29.81
32.28
37.23
39.75
45.00
46.61
52.89
53.27
56.46
69.04
Life, physical, and social science occupations ...............
21.50
22.34
22.83
29.26
30.40
Community and social services occupations ..................
15.77
15.96
16.60
23.18
28.50
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
14.41
26.25
15.92
30.77
21.02
30.77
29.77
31.62
32.16
41.03
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations ..................................................................
19.23
19.23
19.23
25.00
28.02
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Registered nurses ............................................................
Therapists .........................................................................
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ...........
15.18
19.23
24.10
16.00
16.16
23.80
24.10
17.00
23.11
25.96
24.10
19.00
28.53
30.52
25.63
19.95
34.00
31.57
35.11
21.00
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
7.45
7.30
9.02
8.94
9.97
9.44
10.00
9.97
10.74
10.62
10.89
10.50
12.22
11.61
11.99
16.00
17.00
12.22
12.22
20.00
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Cooks ...............................................................................
Cooks, restaurant .........................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
2.15
5.25
8.00
2.13
2.13
5.15
6.25
7.80
8.08
2.15
2.13
6.25
7.73
9.74
9.50
6.85
2.13
6.75
9.75
11.00
10.00
11.11
3.02
7.75
11.11
11.00
12.00
11.11
11.00
9.25
5.15
6.25
6.65
7.50
8.50
8.00
8.00
9.00
8.50
10.25
9.75
12.76
12.76
12.76
12.76
8.88
7.75
8.00
9.42
8.00
10.00
12.76
8.50
10.25
12.76
9.50
12.50
12.76
11.00
12.50
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
6.50
7.00
7.81
9.00
10.75
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers ...............
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents .........................................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ......
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products .................
7.45
11.33
7.00
6.75
6.75
7.20
8.28
12.01
7.70
7.20
7.20
8.46
12.16
25.45
9.17
8.00
8.00
10.69
17.50
29.43
13.50
8.82
8.82
15.00
26.39
34.46
20.64
9.79
9.79
23.87
12.98
14.96
16.04
14.96
49.52
17.50
165.56
18.51
219.96
40.98
14.96
14.96
17.50
18.51
40.98
9.50
11.60
14.21
17.28
21.73
19.33
19.33
19.33
21.71
23.22
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ...............................
Grounds maintenance workers .........................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers ...................................
See footnotes at end of table.
22
Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 —
Continued
10
25
Median
50
75
90
Financial clerks .................................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Tellers ...........................................................................
Customer service representatives ....................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .................
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal
service ........................................................................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
$10.31
10.31
9.64
11.43
9.27
8.00
12.55
12.55
10.00
13.54
$11.50
11.50
9.64
12.55
10.00
8.45
13.17
14.21
10.22
14.05
$13.65
13.40
11.50
14.42
12.83
9.15
16.65
16.74
13.04
15.38
$15.30
15.44
12.37
22.60
14.50
9.40
20.91
19.31
14.30
16.47
$16.75
16.06
12.37
25.91
18.00
12.76
23.04
23.04
15.69
21.15
7.53
9.34
12.01
11.00
12.46
12.86
12.60
16.61
12.60
20.04
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
10.25
12.50
15.68
19.79
20.65
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
Automotive technicians and repairers ..............................
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ...........
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
Industrial machinery mechanics ...................................
Maintenance workers, machinery .................................
10.06
10.00
10.00
15.52
14.96
12.86
20.12
18.65
18.65
27.50
23.50
25.17
29.38
27.79
29.22
10.00
16.23
16.99
11.00
16.23
20.68
20.27
21.27
25.34
25.34
32.56
25.34
32.56
32.56
25.34
Production occupations ....................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
8.00
10.30
14.75
19.00
23.96
14.70
8.00
10.00
10.00
6.50
26.70
9.80
14.03
14.03
7.40
26.70
10.78
15.25
14.03
13.26
32.97
12.82
19.94
19.94
22.81
65.00
14.75
19.94
19.94
22.81
8.50
8.50
11.50
11.65
10.00
8.00
11.07
13.00
13.67
11.65
11.44
8.50
13.48
14.50
14.75
11.85
13.50
10.00
15.95
15.25
15.25
13.64
17.30
12.75
17.99
17.02
17.02
15.91
17.60
17.50
8.61
6.35
9.09
7.50
11.42
8.10
15.72
8.30
17.50
10.00
Occupation2
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators .......
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
Packers and packagers, hand ......................................
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
23
Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles1, Richmond-Petersburg, VA,
September 2006
Occupation2
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$11.29
$14.48
$21.34
$29.55
$38.20
Management occupations .................................................
24.83
29.57
36.51
39.18
40.10
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Accountants and auditors .................................................
18.84
18.07
21.01
18.94
30.82
20.40
42.19
23.78
42.19
40.39
Community and social services occupations ..................
Counselors .......................................................................
10.78
18.19
13.84
20.48
20.08
29.98
29.98
30.50
30.88
35.43
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Librarians ..........................................................................
Teacher assistants ...........................................................
18.25
23.88
27.86
33.17
54.42
23.26
23.87
25.08
26.71
26.88
28.70
30.12
30.12
35.53
36.05
23.88
20.32
9.56
26.71
22.32
10.38
29.26
25.33
11.96
30.12
31.08
14.70
36.05
35.28
20.17
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
16.31
21.34
25.56
32.33
40.58
Protective service occupations .........................................
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ...........................
Correctional officers and jailers ....................................
Police officers ...................................................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................
12.71
11.67
11.67
18.27
18.27
14.11
12.83
12.83
18.73
18.73
17.96
14.48
14.48
21.19
21.19
22.29
16.44
16.44
24.78
24.78
31.28
20.80
20.80
30.51
30.51
8.20
8.13
8.91
8.84
9.85
9.75
12.11
12.18
12.72
12.72
8.63
9.18
11.01
12.36
12.72
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Financial clerks .................................................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Office clerks, general ........................................................
10.36
12.53
12.63
12.02
9.04
12.19
14.42
14.18
13.35
10.09
14.28
15.85
16.28
14.61
11.83
16.98
16.84
18.87
15.30
14.16
19.43
17.60
20.96
19.41
16.38
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
14.85
17.32
18.69
19.22
19.71
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
16.07
21.06
21.06
25.82
29.98
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
12.02
13.72
14.83
17.21
18.91
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
24
Table 9. Full-time1 civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Full-time workers
Occupation3
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$9.68
$12.55
$17.12
$24.10
$34.00
Management occupations .................................................
Computer and information systems managers .................
Financial managers ..........................................................
Education administrators ..................................................
20.14
35.10
20.08
26.00
22.93
50.31
28.80
34.97
28.80
50.31
41.79
37.60
41.79
54.41
51.81
39.18
53.20
76.92
88.46
39.18
Business and financial operations occupations .............
Accountants and auditors .................................................
17.41
18.27
18.27
18.27
26.10
21.53
33.99
32.86
42.19
42.69
Computer and mathematical science occupations .........
Computer programmers ...................................................
Computer systems analysts .............................................
23.94
35.18
25.67
24.57
35.71
30.40
35.71
36.72
37.21
40.80
36.72
42.95
44.37
39.49
58.27
Architecture and engineering occupations .....................
Engineers .........................................................................
Engineering technicians, except drafters ..........................
16.34
32.28
16.34
16.34
39.75
16.34
24.16
46.61
16.34
43.41
53.27
16.34
53.08
69.04
22.24
Life, physical, and social science occupations ...............
22.34
22.83
23.78
29.60
30.83
Community and social services occupations ..................
Counselors .......................................................................
Educational, vocational, and school counselors ...........
15.77
17.93
14.93
16.48
21.34
29.39
18.78
28.96
30.50
25.68
30.50
30.88
30.50
32.42
39.11
Legal occupations ..............................................................
16.89
20.38
27.50
38.23
63.99
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
Postsecondary teachers ...................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school
teachers ......................................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers .......................
Elementary school teachers, except special
education ............................................................
Special education teachers ..........................................
Librarians ..........................................................................
Teacher assistants ...........................................................
15.36
22.52
23.26
29.55
27.55
50.95
32.66
54.42
54.42
61.62
22.63
22.63
24.60
25.79
26.71
27.32
30.12
30.12
35.53
36.05
22.43
23.61
21.29
9.47
26.11
25.97
25.30
10.34
27.93
26.53
27.55
11.67
30.12
27.77
27.55
13.51
36.05
27.77
33.17
22.08
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations ..................................................................
19.23
19.23
19.23
21.93
26.42
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Registered nurses ............................................................
Therapists .........................................................................
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ...........
15.94
20.00
24.10
16.46
16.69
23.21
25.63
17.90
23.11
25.75
29.45
19.00
30.28
30.78
34.28
20.00
38.75
34.00
36.36
21.00
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ......................
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations ................
9.36
9.25
9.27
9.97
9.99
10.18
10.18
9.97
11.00
10.89
10.89
11.17
12.71
11.85
12.00
16.00
20.00
12.22
12.22
20.00
Protective service occupations .........................................
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ...........................
Correctional officers and jailers ....................................
Police officers ...................................................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................
9.50
11.67
11.67
18.27
18.27
10.88
12.83
12.83
18.73
18.73
14.09
14.48
14.48
21.19
21.19
20.34
16.44
16.44
24.78
24.78
27.64
20.80
20.80
30.51
30.51
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
2.13
2.13
6.00
8.00
2.13
7.95
9.75
9.90
9.25
11.11
11.11
12.00
12.00
11.11
14.19
8.13
8.00
9.18
8.75
10.40
9.94
12.72
12.72
12.76
12.76
9.00
7.73
9.64
8.00
12.36
8.50
12.76
9.50
12.76
10.75
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
Building cleaning workers .................................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners ...........................................
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ...............................
See footnotes at end of table.
25
Table 9. Full-time1 civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
— Continued
Full-time workers
Occupation3
10
25
Median
50
75
90
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers ...............
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents .........................................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ......
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products .................
$7.73
11.33
7.95
7.95
7.95
7.55
$9.55
12.01
8.78
8.20
8.20
9.39
$14.96
25.45
12.11
8.40
8.40
12.45
$21.36
29.43
15.94
9.15
9.15
15.00
$29.43
34.46
23.87
10.80
10.80
26.39
12.98
14.96
16.04
14.96
49.52
17.50
165.56
18.51
219.96
40.98
14.96
14.96
17.50
18.51
40.98
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers ...................................
Financial clerks .................................................................
Bill and account collectors ............................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .............
Customer service representatives ....................................
Receptionists and information clerks ................................
Dispatchers .......................................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ....
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ........
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
10.34
12.55
14.46
17.50
21.69
19.33
10.69
13.46
10.69
11.43
9.27
12.56
9.15
12.55
12.55
10.22
13.54
10.50
19.33
12.37
14.14
12.50
12.85
10.25
12.75
9.40
14.02
14.21
12.31
14.05
11.75
19.33
14.46
14.81
14.83
14.42
12.83
16.00
9.40
16.64
17.21
14.28
15.38
12.86
21.73
15.85
16.11
16.06
22.69
18.00
16.77
11.30
20.33
19.83
14.75
16.47
16.38
23.22
17.14
16.75
16.75
25.91
18.00
23.73
13.20
22.51
23.04
17.61
21.15
20.04
Construction and extraction occupations .......................
10.25
13.00
16.00
19.79
20.65
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers,
and repairers ..............................................................
Automotive technicians and repairers ..............................
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ...........
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ...
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers .......................................................................
Industrial machinery mechanics ...................................
Maintenance workers, machinery .................................
11.00
16.23
21.06
27.50
29.86
17.88
10.06
10.00
16.26
24.51
14.96
12.86
16.75
27.74
18.99
18.99
19.50
31.62
23.50
23.80
21.05
33.00
27.60
29.22
27.00
10.00
16.23
16.99
11.00
17.43
20.68
19.85
21.27
25.34
25.34
32.56
25.34
32.56
32.56
25.34
8.00
10.39
14.97
19.67
23.96
14.70
8.50
10.00
10.00
6.50
26.70
10.35
14.03
14.03
7.25
26.70
10.99
15.25
14.03
13.26
32.97
13.02
19.94
19.94
22.81
65.00
14.77
19.94
19.94
22.81
9.65
11.50
11.50
11.65
9.90
8.10
11.99
13.50
13.67
11.65
11.50
8.50
14.50
14.58
14.75
11.85
14.30
11.42
17.02
15.50
15.25
13.64
17.44
15.84
19.54
17.02
17.02
15.91
17.60
17.95
10.02
11.42
12.73
17.18
19.54
Production occupations ....................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .......................................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .......................
Printers .............................................................................
Printing machine operators ...........................................
Miscellaneous production workers ...................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .............................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .........................
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators .......
Industrial truck and tractor operators ................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
26
Table 10. Part-time1 civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles2, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Part-time workers
Occupation3
10
25
Median
50
75
90
All workers ..............................................................................
$6.00
$7.00
$8.61
$11.95
$18.00
Education, training, and library occupations ..................
10.22
11.75
20.00
25.11
25.11
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ........
Registered nurses ............................................................
11.34
19.43
16.00
23.00
22.25
26.64
28.53
28.64
35.00
31.00
Healthcare support occupations .......................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ....................
6.34
6.75
6.75
7.00
7.55
9.00
10.56
10.75
12.00
12.00
Food preparation and serving related occupations ........
Cooks ...............................................................................
Food service, tipped .........................................................
Waiters and waitresses ................................................
Fast food and counter workers .........................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food ...................................................
2.15
5.25
2.13
2.13
5.15
5.75
5.40
2.15
2.15
6.25
6.50
8.00
3.02
2.50
6.50
8.00
9.90
8.00
3.02
7.00
9.50
11.50
11.00
12.00
7.90
5.15
6.25
6.50
7.15
7.90
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ..................................................................
8.00
8.00
8.63
9.42
9.62
Personal care and service occupations ...........................
6.50
6.75
7.59
9.00
10.75
Sales and related occupations ..........................................
Retail sales workers .........................................................
Cashiers, all workers ....................................................
Cashiers ...................................................................
Retail salespersons ......................................................
6.39
6.39
6.50
6.50
7.05
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.45
7.80
7.70
7.70
7.70
8.55
9.05
9.00
8.24
8.24
10.10
10.74
10.92
9.12
9.12
21.69
Office and administrative support occupations ..............
Financial clerks .................................................................
Customer service representatives ....................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ........................
Office clerks, general ........................................................
8.00
7.50
9.00
7.09
10.57
8.50
8.76
10.56
9.00
8.00
13.17
9.34
10.56
11.50
11.61
8.00
14.81
10.00
14.00
13.65
22.00
8.50
16.74
13.06
16.74
16.02
22.00
8.80
16.74
17.50
Production occupations ....................................................
8.00
8.11
10.00
10.00
16.01
Transportation and material moving occupations ..........
Laborers and material movers, hand ................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand ........................................................................
6.00
6.60
8.25
8.50
9.75
9.00
12.00
10.00
12.75
12.75
8.61
8.61
9.00
9.09
16.00
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a
full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in
another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are
calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are
scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours
are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the
same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth
of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly
wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays;
nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not
meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data
for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
27
Table 11. Full-time1 civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and
annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$690
40.0
$42,033
$35,601
2,046
1,550
1,289
41.9
80,580
67,018
2,177
50.31
41.79
37.60
2,470
1,878
1,458
2,592
1,672
1,567
46.0
39.9
40.4
128,456
97,678
75,825
134,778
86,919
81,486
2,392
2,072
2,098
27.76
26.00
26.10
21.53
1,104
1,039
1,024
861
39.8
40.0
57,414
54,051
53,269
44,791
2,068
2,079
34.27
35.61
38.31
35.71
36.72
37.21
1,359
1,367
1,518
1,387
1,469
1,489
39.6
38.4
39.6
70,658
71,077
78,932
72,120
76,382
77,434
2,062
1,996
2,061
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ................................................
$20.54
$17.12
$821
Management occupations ...................
Computer and information systems
managers ......................................
Financial managers ............................
Education administrators ....................
37.02
28.80
53.71
47.13
36.14
Business and financial operations
occupations ....................................
Accountants and auditors ...................
Computer and mathematical science
occupations ....................................
Computer programmers .....................
Computer systems analysts ...............
Architecture and engineering
occupations ....................................
Engineers ...........................................
Engineering technicians, except
drafters .........................................
30.82
47.18
24.16
46.61
1,223
1,851
966
1,800
39.7
39.2
63,606
96,250
50,257
93,600
2,064
2,040
17.75
16.34
709
654
40.0
36,872
33,983
2,077
Life, physical, and social science
occupations ....................................
26.10
23.78
1,056
951
40.5
54,899
49,469
2,103
Community and social services
occupations ....................................
Counselors .........................................
Educational, vocational, and school
counselors ................................
21.46
27.29
18.78
28.96
849
1,064
751
1,122
39.6
39.0
42,689
50,694
39,062
51,233
1,990
1,857
29.05
30.50
1,123
1,220
38.6
50,016
51,233
1,722
Legal occupations ................................
32.55
27.50
1,230
1,031
37.8
63,936
53,621
1,964
30.46
43.75
27.55
50.95
1,217
2,066
1,054
2,547
40.0
47.2
50,907
88,559
43,329
91,703
1,672
2,024
27.80
26.71
1,070
1,054
38.5
44,487
43,329
1,600
28.33
27.32
1,071
1,054
37.8
44,107
42,875
1,557
28.46
26.07
27.03
12.92
27.93
26.53
27.55
11.67
1,073
1,033
1,044
429
1,054
1,061
1,067
368
37.7
39.6
38.6
33.2
44,179
45,782
50,546
16,857
42,208
46,660
54,538
14,525
1,552
1,756
1,870
1,305
20.79
19.23
801
769
38.5
40,131
40,000
1,930
24.47
26.84
30.00
23.11
25.75
29.45
972
1,054
1,190
980
1,016
1,178
39.7
39.3
39.7
50,256
54,786
56,999
50,875
52,847
53,312
2,054
2,041
1,900
18.80
19.00
742
760
39.5
38,600
39,520
2,053
12.60
11.00
470
440
37.3
24,422
22,880
1,938
10.90
10.89
422
424
38.7
21,955
22,048
2,014
10.92
10.89
422
425
38.7
21,955
22,090
2,010
13.29
11.17
473
448
35.6
24,593
23,296
1,850
Education, training, and library
occupations ....................................
Postsecondary teachers .....................
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers ............
Elementary and middle school
teachers ....................................
Elementary school teachers,
except special education ......
Special education teachers ............
Librarians ............................................
Teacher assistants .............................
Arts, design, entertainment, sports,
and media occupations ..................
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ....................................
Registered nurses ..............................
Therapists ...........................................
Licensed practical and licensed
vocational nurses ..........................
Healthcare support occupations .........
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health
aides .............................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and
attendants .................................
Miscellaneous healthcare support
occupations ..................................
See footnotes at end of table.
28
Table 11. Full-time1 civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and
annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Protective service occupations ...........
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and
jailers ............................................
Correctional officers and jailers ......
Police officers .....................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers ...
Food preparation and serving related
occupations ....................................
Food service, tipped ...........................
Fast food and counter workers ...........
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance occupations .............
Building cleaning workers ...................
Janitors and cleaners, except
maids and housekeeping
cleaners ....................................
Maids and housekeeping
cleaners ....................................
Sales and related occupations ............
First-line supervisors/managers, sales
workers .........................................
Retail sales workers ...........................
Cashiers, all workers ......................
Cashiers .....................................
Retail salespersons ........................
Securities, commodities, and financial
services sales agents ...................
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing ...............................
Sales representatives, wholesale
and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific
products ....................................
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$565
40.8
$34,876
$29,253
2,075
612
612
876
876
579
579
804
804
40.0
40.0
39.2
39.2
31,832
31,832
45,454
45,454
30,110
30,110
41,490
41,490
2,080
2,080
2,033
2,033
9.75
9.90
9.25
380
307
374
376
322
350
40.8
40.7
38.2
19,386
15,951
19,443
19,562
16,726
18,200
2,084
2,116
1,984
12.31
10.36
10.40
9.94
476
400
398
385
38.7
38.7
24,749
20,822
20,675
20,010
2,010
2,010
11.34
12.36
454
494
40.0
23,592
25,711
2,080
8.85
8.50
322
318
36.4
16,765
16,561
1,894
20.09
14.96
807
599
40.2
41,964
31,125
2,089
21.91
14.03
9.10
9.10
14.68
25.45
12.11
8.40
8.40
12.45
912
558
352
352
587
1,145
427
336
336
448
41.6
39.8
38.7
38.7
40.0
47,405
29,024
18,311
18,311
30,514
59,546
22,225
17,472
17,472
23,317
2,164
2,069
2,012
2,012
2,079
82.15
49.52
3,286
1,981
40.0
170,869
103,000
2,080
19.99
17.50
802
700
40.1
41,697
36,400
2,086
20.02
17.50
803
700
40.1
41,758
36,400
2,086
15.35
14.46
605
577
39.4
31,329
29,952
2,041
21.22
14.37
15.07
19.33
14.46
14.81
849
571
602
773
578
589
40.0
39.8
39.9
44,137
29,713
31,283
40,200
30,077
30,618
2,080
2,067
2,076
14.27
16.66
13.77
16.40
10.55
14.83
14.42
12.83
16.00
9.40
568
665
494
671
441
593
577
513
640
423
39.8
39.9
35.8
40.9
41.8
29,537
34,602
25,562
34,880
22,929
30,851
30,000
26,686
33,280
22,001
2,069
2,077
1,856
2,127
2,174
17.08
16.64
672
666
39.4
34,841
34,316
2,040
17.37
17.21
694
687
39.9
36,088
35,724
2,077
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$16.80
$14.09
$686
15.30
15.30
22.36
22.36
14.48
14.48
21.19
21.19
9.30
7.54
9.80
Office and administrative support
occupations ....................................
First-line supervisors/managers of
office and administrative support
workers .........................................
Financial clerks ...................................
Bill and account collectors ..............
Bookkeeping, accounting, and
auditing clerks ...........................
Customer service representatives ......
Receptionists and information clerks ..
Dispatchers .........................................
Stock clerks and order fillers ..............
Secretaries and administrative
assistants ......................................
Executive secretaries and
administrative assistants ..........
Secretaries, except legal, medical,
and executive ...........................
Insurance claims and policy
processing clerks ..........................
Office clerks, general ..........................
13.86
14.28
546
548
39.4
28,020
28,484
2,021
15.92
14.17
15.38
12.86
612
553
615
514
38.4
39.0
31,802
28,066
31,990
26,651
1,998
1,981
Construction and extraction
occupations ....................................
16.47
16.00
658
640
40.0
33,955
32,610
2,062
See footnotes at end of table.
29
Table 11. Full-time1 civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and
annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ....................................
First-line supervisors/managers of
mechanics, installers, and
repairers .......................................
Automotive technicians and
repairers .......................................
Automotive service technicians and
mechanics ................................
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel
engine specialists .........................
Industrial machinery installation,
repair, and maintenance
workers .........................................
Industrial machinery mechanics .....
Maintenance workers, machinery ...
Production occupations ......................
First-line supervisors/managers of
production and operating
workers .........................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and
fabricators .....................................
Printers ...............................................
Printing machine operators .............
Miscellaneous production workers .....
Transportation and material moving
occupations ....................................
Driver/sales workers and truck
drivers ...........................................
Truck drivers, heavy and
tractor-trailer .............................
Dredge, excavating, and loading
machine operators ........................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ..
Laborers and material movers, hand ..
Laborers and freight, stock, and
material movers, hand ..............
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$842
40.3
$44,773
$43,803
2,093
1,093
1,128
40.7
56,820
58,679
2,117
18.99
818
767
41.6
42,521
39,897
2,162
19.50
18.99
817
767
41.9
42,497
39,897
2,179
19.68
19.50
791
780
40.2
41,117
40,560
2,090
19.57
25.03
22.87
19.85
21.27
25.34
774
976
913
794
851
1,014
39.5
39.0
39.9
40,235
50,729
47,462
41,284
44,233
52,707
2,056
2,026
2,075
15.87
14.97
631
600
39.8
32,826
31,200
2,068
31.05
26.70
1,232
1,068
39.7
64,069
55,536
2,063
12.24
16.39
15.92
13.85
10.99
15.25
14.03
13.26
489
656
637
551
440
610
561
530
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.8
25,449
34,087
33,109
28,635
22,859
31,720
29,191
27,581
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,068
14.97
14.50
620
590
41.4
31,959
30,281
2,135
14.57
14.58
644
610
44.2
33,474
31,720
2,297
14.61
14.75
661
610
45.3
34,369
31,720
2,353
12.78
14.35
12.20
11.85
14.30
11.42
511
575
487
474
572
428
40.0
40.1
39.9
26,573
29,919
25,309
24,648
29,744
22,277
2,080
2,085
2,074
13.82
12.73
550
509
39.8
28,602
26,478
2,070
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$21.39
$21.06
$861
26.83
27.74
19.67
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of
overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of
overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
30
Table 12. Full-time1 private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$667
40.0
$41,251
$34,528
2,073
1,559
1,279
41.9
81,073
66,530
2,181
50.31
41.79
2,470
1,915
2,592
1,672
46.0
39.8
128,456
99,566
134,778
86,919
2,392
2,072
27.16
26.40
25.91
21.79
1,080
1,056
1,024
872
39.8
40.0
56,155
54,914
53,269
45,319
2,068
2,080
Computer and mathematical science
occupations ....................................
Computer systems analysts ...............
33.82
39.82
34.70
38.69
1,338
1,572
1,289
1,555
39.6
39.5
69,575
81,768
67,051
80,875
2,057
2,053
Architecture and engineering
occupations ....................................
Engineers ...........................................
44.21
47.18
45.00
46.61
1,739
1,851
1,742
1,800
39.3
39.2
90,425
96,250
90,601
93,600
2,045
2,040
Life, physical, and social science
occupations ....................................
25.11
22.83
1,025
913
40.8
53,310
47,486
2,123
Community and social services
occupations ....................................
19.22
16.60
764
664
39.8
39,749
34,528
2,068
Education, training, and library
occupations ....................................
Postsecondary teachers .....................
23.42
32.50
21.02
30.77
909
1,244
822
1,192
38.8
38.3
39,802
58,669
31,535
62,000
1,699
1,805
Arts, design, entertainment, sports,
and media occupations ..................
19.70
19.23
753
769
38.2
39,151
40,000
1,988
23.82
26.26
23.11
25.96
944
1,023
980
1,016
39.6
39.0
49,093
53,189
50,972
52,847
2,061
2,026
18.95
19.18
747
762
39.4
38,832
39,624
2,050
12.60
11.00
470
440
37.3
24,422
22,880
1,938
10.90
10.89
422
424
38.7
21,955
22,048
2,014
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ................................................
$19.90
$16.50
$795
Management occupations ...................
Computer and information systems
managers ......................................
Financial managers ............................
37.17
28.64
53.71
48.05
Business and financial operations
occupations ....................................
Accountants and auditors ...................
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ....................................
Registered nurses ..............................
Licensed practical and licensed
vocational nurses ..........................
Healthcare support occupations .........
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health
aides .............................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and
attendants .................................
Miscellaneous healthcare support
occupations ..................................
10.92
10.89
422
425
38.7
21,955
22,090
2,010
13.29
11.17
473
448
35.6
24,593
23,296
1,850
Food preparation and serving related
occupations ....................................
Food service, tipped ...........................
Fast food and counter workers ...........
9.06
7.54
9.80
9.75
9.90
9.25
373
307
374
376
322
350
41.2
40.7
38.2
19,391
15,951
19,443
19,562
16,726
18,200
2,141
2,116
1,984
13.10
10.31
10.40
9.80
499
391
390
378
38.1
38.0
25,966
20,341
20,280
19,674
1,983
1,974
11.46
12.76
458
510
40.0
23,835
26,541
2,080
8.87
8.50
311
298
35.0
16,152
15,470
1,821
20.09
14.96
807
599
40.2
41,964
31,125
2,089
21.91
14.03
9.10
25.45
12.11
8.40
912
558
352
1,145
427
336
41.6
39.8
38.7
47,405
29,024
18,311
59,546
22,225
17,472
2,164
2,069
2,012
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance occupations .............
Building cleaning workers ...................
Janitors and cleaners, except
maids and housekeeping
cleaners ....................................
Maids and housekeeping
cleaners ....................................
Sales and related occupations ............
First-line supervisors/managers, sales
workers .........................................
Retail sales workers ...........................
Cashiers, all workers ......................
See footnotes at end of table.
31
Table 12. Full-time1 private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Cashiers .....................................
Retail salespersons ........................
Securities, commodities, and financial
services sales agents ...................
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing ...............................
Sales representatives, wholesale
and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific
products ....................................
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$336
448
38.7
40.0
$18,311
30,514
$17,472
23,317
2,012
2,079
3,286
1,981
40.0
170,869
103,000
2,080
17.50
802
700
40.1
41,697
36,400
2,086
20.02
17.50
803
700
40.1
41,758
36,400
2,086
15.42
14.45
609
577
39.5
31,635
30,000
2,052
21.22
14.11
14.87
19.33
14.20
14.63
849
560
593
773
568
583
40.0
39.7
39.9
44,135
29,124
30,842
40,200
29,536
30,306
2,080
2,064
2,074
13.93
16.72
13.77
14.83
14.42
12.83
553
668
494
593
577
513
39.7
39.9
35.8
28,772
34,710
25,562
30,851
30,000
26,686
2,066
2,077
1,856
17.36
17.61
679
694
39.1
35,320
36,079
2,035
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$9.10
14.68
$8.40
12.45
$352
587
82.15
49.52
19.99
Office and administrative support
occupations ....................................
First-line supervisors/managers of
office and administrative support
workers .........................................
Financial clerks ...................................
Bill and account collectors ..............
Bookkeeping, accounting, and
auditing clerks ...........................
Customer service representatives ......
Receptionists and information clerks ..
Secretaries and administrative
assistants ......................................
Executive secretaries and
administrative assistants ..........
Insurance claims and policy
processing clerks ..........................
Office clerks, general ..........................
17.53
16.92
699
677
39.9
36,337
35,200
2,073
15.92
14.83
15.38
13.57
612
590
615
543
38.4
39.8
31,802
30,662
31,990
28,217
1,998
2,068
Construction and extraction
occupations ....................................
16.41
15.68
657
627
40.0
33,847
32,610
2,062
21.13
20.12
852
811
40.3
44,311
42,162
2,097
19.64
18.65
817
767
41.6
42,476
39,897
2,163
19.47
18.65
816
767
41.9
42,442
39,897
2,180
19.53
25.18
22.87
20.27
21.27
25.34
772
981
913
811
1,132
1,014
39.5
38.9
39.9
40,139
51,003
47,462
42,162
58,843
52,707
2,056
2,025
2,075
15.87
14.94
631
599
39.8
32,819
31,138
2,068
31.05
26.70
1,232
1,068
39.7
64,069
55,536
2,063
12.24
16.39
15.92
13.85
10.99
15.25
14.03
13.26
489
656
637
551
440
610
561
530
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.8
25,449
34,087
33,109
28,635
22,859
31,720
29,191
27,581
2,080
2,080
2,080
2,068
14.95
14.50
623
594
41.6
32,382
30,888
2,166
14.58
14.58
647
610
44.3
33,618
31,720
2,305
14.62
14.75
665
610
45.5
34,568
31,720
2,364
12.78
14.35
12.20
11.85
14.30
11.42
511
575
487
474
572
428
40.0
40.1
39.9
26,573
29,919
25,309
24,648
29,744
22,277
2,080
2,085
2,074
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ....................................
Automotive technicians and
repairers .......................................
Automotive service technicians and
mechanics ................................
Industrial machinery installation,
repair, and maintenance
workers .........................................
Industrial machinery mechanics .....
Maintenance workers, machinery ...
Production occupations ......................
First-line supervisors/managers of
production and operating
workers .........................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and
fabricators .....................................
Printers ...............................................
Printing machine operators .............
Miscellaneous production workers .....
Transportation and material moving
occupations ....................................
Driver/sales workers and truck
drivers ...........................................
Truck drivers, heavy and
tractor-trailer .............................
Dredge, excavating, and loading
machine operators ........................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ..
Laborers and material movers, hand ..
See footnotes at end of table.
32
Table 12. Full-time1 private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Laborers and freight, stock, and
material movers, hand ..............
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$13.82
$12.73
$550
$509
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
39.8
$28,602
$26,478
2,070
paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of
overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of
overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
33
Table 13. Full-time1 State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings
and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$854
39.9
$45,463
$42,161
1,929
1,363
1,460
40.1
70,860
75,943
2,086
30.82
20.40
1,266
959
1,233
816
39.9
39.9
65,844
49,863
64,106
42,436
2,074
2,073
24.91
22.32
978
893
39.3
46,822
47,353
1,880
31.38
28.53
1,259
1,061
40.1
52,340
43,628
1,668
28.34
26.96
1,090
1,054
38.5
45,367
43,452
1,601
29.28
28.70
1,106
1,069
37.8
45,579
43,329
1,556
29.50
26.69
12.92
29.26
25.69
11.67
1,111
1,028
429
1,069
1,013
368
37.7
38.5
33.2
45,762
47,614
16,857
44,411
47,518
14,525
1,551
1,784
1,305
26.61
25.03
1,062
1,009
39.9
53,995
50,875
2,029
20.16
18.02
850
731
42.1
43,281
38,000
2,146
15.30
15.30
22.36
22.36
14.48
14.48
21.19
21.19
612
612
876
876
579
579
804
804
40.0
40.0
39.2
39.2
31,832
31,832
45,454
45,454
30,110
30,110
41,490
41,490
2,080
2,080
2,033
2,033
10.44
10.45
10.26
10.43
418
418
410
417
40.0
40.0
21,712
21,734
21,341
21,694
2,080
2,080
11.18
11.26
447
450
40.0
23,252
23,421
2,080
15.05
15.47
14.61
15.85
592
619
571
634
39.3
40.0
30,126
32,176
29,709
32,968
2,001
2,080
16.74
16.42
664
653
39.6
34,245
33,627
2,046
15.25
12.45
14.61
11.85
590
464
554
453
38.7
37.3
29,802
22,213
28,792
23,190
1,955
1,784
Construction and extraction
occupations ....................................
18.01
18.91
713
748
39.6
37,084
38,873
2,059
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ....................................
22.54
21.06
901
842
40.0
46,842
43,803
2,078
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ................................................
$23.57
$21.34
$941
Management occupations ...................
33.98
36.51
Business and financial operations
occupations ....................................
Accountants and auditors ...................
31.75
24.06
Community and social services
occupations ....................................
Education, training, and library
occupations ....................................
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers ............
Elementary and middle school
teachers ....................................
Elementary school teachers,
except special education ......
Librarians ............................................
Teacher assistants .............................
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ....................................
Protective service occupations ...........
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and
jailers ............................................
Correctional officers and jailers ......
Police officers .....................................
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers ...
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance occupations .............
Building cleaning workers ...................
Janitors and cleaners, except
maids and housekeeping
cleaners ....................................
Office and administrative support
occupations ....................................
Financial clerks ...................................
Secretaries and administrative
assistants ......................................
Secretaries, except legal, medical,
and executive ...........................
Office clerks, general ..........................
See footnotes at end of table.
34
Table 13. Full-time1 State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings
and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Transportation and material moving
occupations ....................................
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$15.27
$14.81
$570
$572
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time
schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a
worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time
employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm,
where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
37.3
$25,886
$28,417
1,695
paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of
overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries
paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of
the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual
hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of
overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
35
Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings1 of private industry establishments
for major occupational groups, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Occupational group2
Total
1-99
workers
100-499
workers
500
workers
or more
All workers ....................................................................
$18.43
$16.74
$19.24
$22.19
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
30.33
33.28
28.25
9.60
15.92
17.64
14.86
18.17
16.41
21.13
14.83
15.73
13.84
25.32
26.50
24.33
9.06
16.45
18.38
14.70
17.68
16.90
19.21
14.07
15.48
12.85
34.80
42.52
30.25
9.69
15.92
17.42
15.18
18.00
–
22.97
14.55
14.50
14.59
35.05
39.31
32.45
11.91
14.53
13.56
14.76
27.24
–
27.24
17.28
17.70
16.28
Relative error3 (percent)
All workers ....................................................................
3.9
4.9
12.3
6.1
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
4.0
6.8
4.2
7.2
5.8
11.2
2.8
3.0
7.6
6.5
3.8
5.4
4.1
5.6
7.2
9.5
9.8
9.3
15.4
5.5
4.9
9.4
10.7
5.9
6.3
5.7
14.2
18.9
7.8
6.8
13.4
33.2
6.3
5.2
–
6.4
10.7
14.3
12.0
5.7
9.7
4.5
6.4
5.1
12.5
3.5
5.2
–
5.2
2.6
3.3
4.3
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries
paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living
adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for
overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers
and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours.
See appendix A for more information.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error
expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to
calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate.
For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that
data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation
Survey.
36
Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours for full-time1 private industry workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$670
40.2
$38,057
$34,705
2,085
1,202
1,054
43.3
62,518
54,824
2,252
18.27
891
731
39.7
46,342
38,000
2,065
35.59
35.71
1,377
1,250
38.7
71,602
64,999
2,012
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ........................................................
23.54
23.11
942
975
40.0
48,972
50,710
2,080
Healthcare support occupations .............................
14.10
11.25
511
450
36.2
26,546
23,400
1,882
Food preparation and serving related
occupations ........................................................
8.81
9.75
368
376
41.8
19,125
19,562
2,172
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ........................................................
16.47
11.48
607
380
36.9
31,558
19,760
1,916
Sales and related occupations ................................
Retail sales workers ...............................................
Retail salespersons ............................................
20.56
16.75
18.88
15.53
14.62
14.51
821
661
752
600
600
600
39.9
39.5
39.8
42,692
34,395
39,101
31,200
31,200
31,200
2,076
2,054
2,071
Office and administrative support occupations ....
Secretaries and administrative assistants ..............
Office clerks, general ..............................................
15.11
15.86
14.01
14.00
14.21
12.81
592
621
554
543
568
513
39.2
39.1
39.5
30,783
32,268
28,794
28,217
29,546
26,651
2,037
2,035
2,056
Construction and extraction occupations .............
16.90
17.30
676
692
40.0
34,728
35,360
2,055
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ....................................................................
$18.25
$16.16
$734
Management occupations .......................................
27.76
24.53
Business and financial operations occupations ...
22.44
Computer and mathematical science
occupations ........................................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ........................................................
Automotive technicians and repairers ....................
Automotive service technicians and
mechanics ....................................................
19.21
18.32
19.25
17.50
779
760
770
700
40.5
41.5
40,491
39,529
40,040
36,400
2,107
2,158
17.75
17.05
744
692
41.9
38,680
35,984
2,179
Production occupations ..........................................
15.80
15.50
628
620
39.8
32,659
32,240
2,067
13.64
13.80
13.80
13.67
13.75
14.00
587
641
679
541
600
620
43.0
46.5
49.2
30,533
33,352
35,308
28,117
31,200
32,240
2,238
2,416
2,558
12.78
14.36
12.63
11.85
14.47
11.42
511
577
502
474
568
428
40.0
40.2
39.7
26,573
29,984
26,107
24,648
29,536
22,277
2,080
2,088
2,066
Transportation and material moving
occupations ........................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers ...................
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer ...............
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators ..........................................................
Industrial truck and tractor operators ......................
Laborers and material movers, hand ......................
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is
the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The
mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to
employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to
employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not
shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
37
Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours for full-time1 private industry workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Annual earnings5
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$664
39.7
$44,706
$34,507
2,061
2,167
2,116
1,672
1,672
39.6
39.8
112,699
110,023
86,919
86,919
2,060
2,070
30.67
33.83
1,170
1,307
1,227
1,353
39.8
40.0
60,820
67,968
63,794
70,356
2,069
2,080
33.38
41.36
33.14
40.87
1,328
1,626
1,326
1,637
39.8
39.3
69,050
84,532
68,940
85,105
2,069
2,044
Architecture and engineering occupations ...........
Engineers ...............................................................
45.04
48.65
46.61
46.90
1,767
1,902
1,800
1,864
39.2
39.1
91,900
98,929
93,577
96,949
2,040
2,034
Legal occupations ....................................................
47.07
51.90
1,797
1,923
38.2
93,444
100,000
1,985
Education, training, and library occupations ........
27.77
27.55
1,079
1,080
38.8
51,741
55,503
1,863
Healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations ........................................................
Registered nurses ..................................................
24.27
26.36
24.93
26.00
948
1,025
980
1,016
39.1
38.9
49,287
53,294
50,972
52,847
2,031
2,022
Healthcare support occupations .............................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ..........
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ............
10.81
10.93
10.97
10.89
10.89
10.89
418
420
419
430
430
430
38.6
38.4
38.3
21,718
21,825
21,814
22,343
22,343
22,343
2,009
1,997
1,989
Food preparation and serving related
occupations ........................................................
10.44
10.32
399
413
38.2
20,746
21,455
1,987
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
All workers ....................................................................
$21.70
$16.75
$861
Management occupations .......................................
Financial managers ................................................
54.72
53.15
41.79
41.79
Business and financial operations occupations ...
Accountants and auditors .......................................
29.40
32.68
Computer and mathematical science
occupations ........................................................
Computer systems analysts ...................................
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations ........................................................
Building cleaning workers .......................................
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners .................................
10.62
10.61
10.14
10.14
415
415
390
390
39.1
39.1
21,604
21,571
20,280
20,280
2,034
2,034
11.46
12.76
458
510
40.0
23,835
26,541
2,080
Sales and related occupations ................................
Retail sales workers ...............................................
Retail salespersons ............................................
19.12
11.18
11.34
12.81
10.69
10.69
778
448
455
510
427
427
40.7
40.1
40.1
40,437
23,306
23,652
26,499
22,225
22,225
2,115
2,085
2,085
Office and administrative support occupations ....
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers .........................
Financial clerks .......................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ...
Customer service representatives ..........................
Secretaries and administrative assistants ..............
Executive secretaries and administrative
assistants ......................................................
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks .......
Office clerks, general ..............................................
15.64
14.98
621
598
39.7
32,270
31,031
2,063
20.80
14.44
13.95
16.67
19.01
21.71
14.46
14.83
14.68
18.63
832
573
554
665
744
868
578
593
587
745
40.0
39.7
39.7
39.9
39.1
43,258
29,806
28,820
34,566
38,674
45,159
30,077
30,851
30,534
38,750
2,080
2,065
2,066
2,073
2,035
19.44
15.92
15.69
18.94
15.38
15.81
773
612
628
758
615
632
39.8
38.4
40.0
40,192
31,802
32,643
39,397
31,990
32,887
2,068
1,998
2,080
24.19
24.64
967
1,014
40.0
50,307
52,707
2,080
24.23
25.18
22.85
21.27
952
981
914
1,132
39.3
38.9
49,489
51,003
47,528
58,843
2,043
2,025
15.92
12.73
633
509
39.8
32,933
26,478
2,069
41.32
12.24
14.50
35.80
10.99
16.50
1,623
489
575
1,342
440
637
39.3
40.0
39.7
84,386
25,449
29,924
69,800
22,859
33,131
2,042
2,080
2,063
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations ........................................................
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and
maintenance workers .......................................
Industrial machinery mechanics .........................
Production occupations ..........................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers .............................................
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators .............
Miscellaneous production workers .........................
See footnotes at end of table.
38
Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean
weekly and annual hours for full-time1 private industry workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 — Continued
Hourly earnings3
Weekly earnings4
Occupation2
Transportation and material moving
occupations ........................................................
Laborers and material movers, hand ......................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material
movers, hand ................................................
Mean
weekly
hours
Mean
Median
Mean
annual
hours
$610
459
40.0
40.0
$34,538
24,723
$31,720
23,878
2,082
2,080
564
40.0
29,374
29,349
2,080
Mean
Median
Mean
Median
$16.59
11.89
$15.25
11.48
$664
475
14.12
14.11
565
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule
based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a
35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is
the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.
They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The
mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to
Annual earnings5
employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to
employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are
paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an
employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not
shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
39
Table 17. Union1 and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings2 for major occupational groups,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Union
Nonunion
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
State and
local
government
workers
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
State and
local
government
workers
All workers ....................................................................
$20.07
$20.07
–
$19.18
$18.33
$23.28
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
–
–
–
–
19.39
–
19.39
27.63
–
28.13
18.48
18.47
18.55
–
–
–
–
19.39
–
19.39
27.63
–
28.13
18.48
18.47
18.55
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30.14
33.21
28.70
10.70
15.71
17.64
14.73
17.74
16.05
20.41
14.13
14.67
13.71
30.51
33.28
28.47
9.52
15.86
17.64
14.74
17.30
15.98
19.85
14.10
14.66
13.63
29.30
32.45
29.02
16.47
14.70
–
14.70
21.56
17.90
22.54
15.40
–
15.31
Occupational group3
Relative error4 (percent)
All workers ....................................................................
3.9
3.9
–
3.6
4.2
6.7
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
–
–
–
–
8.7
–
8.7
4.7
–
6.2
4.3
4.9
5.2
–
–
–
–
8.7
–
8.7
4.7
–
6.2
4.3
4.9
5.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.2
6.3
3.6
7.2
5.2
11.2
2.3
3.1
5.9
6.4
4.2
8.7
3.9
4.1
6.8
4.4
7.4
5.9
11.2
2.8
3.3
6.4
7.3
4.3
8.7
4.1
5.0
9.8
6.1
7.5
2.5
–
2.5
8.9
4.5
10.2
.9
–
1.5
1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through
collective bargaining.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and
hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay
of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See
appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a
percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval"
around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix
A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet
publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
40
Table 18. Time and incentive workers1: Mean hourly earnings2 for major occupational
groups, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Time
Occupational group3
Incentive
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
Civilian
workers
Private
industry
workers
All workers ....................................................................
$18.72
$17.75
$25.10
$25.10
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
29.88
32.86
28.53
10.68
14.18
12.60
14.80
18.17
–
21.39
14.89
15.71
13.96
30.15
32.90
28.16
9.52
14.10
12.60
14.83
17.75
15.70
21.09
14.88
15.71
13.89
32.29
38.45
–
–
27.56
32.57
15.37
–
–
–
14.12
–
–
32.29
38.45
–
–
27.56
32.57
15.37
–
–
–
14.12
–
–
Relative error4 (percent)
All workers ....................................................................
3.2
3.6
14.5
14.5
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
3.4
7.0
3.6
7.0
3.2
8.9
2.1
3.2
–
5.0
3.9
5.6
4.2
4.5
7.6
4.4
7.1
3.7
8.9
2.5
3.3
6.1
5.6
4.0
5.6
4.4
8.2
15.0
–
–
25.5
24.7
17.6
–
–
–
4.8
–
–
8.2
15.0
–
–
25.5
24.7
17.6
–
–
–
4.8
–
–
1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate
or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are at
least partially based on productivity payments such as piece
rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries
paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living
adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for
overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and
tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers
and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours.
See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error
expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to
calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate.
For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that
data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation
Survey.
41
Table 19. Industry sector1: Mean hourly earnings2 for private industry workers by major occupational group,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Goods producing
Occupational group3
All workers ................................................
Management, professional, and
related ...............................................
Management, business, and
financial ........................................
Professional and related .....................
Service ....................................................
Sales and office ......................................
Sales and related ................................
Office and administrative support .......
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance .....................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ..
Production, transportation, and material
moving ..............................................
Production ..........................................
Transportation and material moving ...
Service providing
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade,
transportation,
and utilities
Information
Financial
activities
Professional and
business
services
Education
and
health
services
Leisure
and
hospitality
Other
services
–
$19.70
$15.36
–
–
–
$18.77
$9.61
$14.69
–
35.12
25.49
–
–
–
24.67
–
22.91
–
–
–
–
–
–
30.72
36.76
–
21.64
–
16.87
25.28
26.34
10.96
13.61
13.96
12.82
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
33.11
23.17
10.85
13.82
–
13.89
–
–
7.95
–
13.78
–
–
–
9.79
12.94
–
12.94
–
–
23.91
23.91
21.85
21.80
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.97
16.60
12.05
13.64
–
13.83
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Relative error4 (percent)
All workers ................................................
Management, professional, and
related ...............................................
Management, business, and
financial ........................................
Professional and related .....................
Service ....................................................
Sales and office ......................................
Sales and related ................................
Office and administrative support .......
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance .....................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ..
Production, transportation, and material
moving ..............................................
Production ..........................................
Transportation and material moving ...
–
1.6
4.8
–
–
–
8.0
16.8
17.2
–
7.9
9.2
–
–
–
5.5
–
6.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.7
4.6
–
21.8
–
10.1
15.4
44.6
14.8
5.4
5.7
5.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.8
7.2
15.0
5.9
–
5.8
–
–
12.0
–
18.9
–
–
–
14.0
.5
–
.5
–
–
2.2
2.2
12.6
12.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
.4
1.8
14.2
4.5
–
4.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They
include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are
premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The
mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of
workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of
the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample
estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication
criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
42
Appendix A: Technical Note
T
Sample design
The sample for this survey area was selected using a twostage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample
selection was a probability sample of establishments. The
sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the
sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of
sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each
sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a
probability proportional to its employment. Use of this
technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were
applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated
so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy that were not selected for collection. The second stage of sample selection, detailed below,
was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled
establishment.
his section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained
in this bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for
the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing
the data. Although this section answers some questions
commonly asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive
description of all of the steps required to produce the data.
Planning for the survey
The overall design of the National Compensation Survey
(NCS) includes questions of scope, frame, and sample selection.
Survey scope
This survey covered establishments employing one worker
or more in private goods-producing industries (mining,
construction, and manufacturing); private service-providing
industries (trade, transportation, and utilities, information,
financial activities, professional and business services, education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and other
services); State governments; and local governments employing 50 or more workers. Agriculture, forestry, fishing
and hunting, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey, an establishment is an economic unit
that produces goods or services, a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a
company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment is usually at a single physical location. For State
and local governments, an establishment is defined as all
locations of a government agency within the sampled area.
The Richmond–Petersburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area includes the cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell,
Petersburg, and Richmond; and the counties of Charles
City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George.
Data collection
The collection of data from survey respondents required
detailed procedures. Field economists collected the data,
working out of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) Regional Offices and visiting each establishment surveyed.
Other contact methods, such as mail and telephone, were
used to clarify and update data.
Occupational selection and classification
Identification of the occupations for which wage data were
to be collected was a multistep process:
1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs
2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the
2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system
3. Characterization of jobs as full-time or part-time,
union or nonunion, and time or incentive
4. Determination of the level of work of each job
Sampling frame
The list of establishments from which the survey sample
was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State
unemployment insurance reports. Due to the volatility of
industries within the private sector, sampling frames were
developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. Approximately
one-fifth of the sample is reselected each year.
For each occupation, wage data were collected for those
workers whose jobs could be characterized by the criteria
identified in the last three steps. If a specific work level
could not be determined, wages were still collected.
A-1
In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each
establishment by the BLS field economist. A complete list
of employees was used for sampling, with each selected
worker representing a job within the establishment.
As with the selection of establishments, the selection of
a job was based on probability proportional to its size in
the establishment. The greater the number of people working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of
selection.
The number of jobs for which data were collected in
each establishment was based on the establishment’s employment size. The number of jobs selected followed this
schedule:
Number
of employees
Number
of selected jobs
1–49
50–249
250 or more
Up to 4
6
8
The second step of the process entailed classifying the
selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. NCS
uses the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. A selected job may fall into any one of about 800
occupational classifications, from accountant to zoologist.
When workers could be classified in more than one occupation, they were classified in the occupation that required the
higher skill level. When there was no perceptible difference in skill level, the workers were classified in the occupation that described their primary activity.
Each occupational classification is an element of a
broader classification known as a major group. Occupations can fall into any of 22 major groups. Appendix B
contains a complete list of all individual occupations, classified by the major group to which they belong.
In step three, certain other job characteristics of the
chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based
on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then, the
worker was classified as having a time versus incentive job,
depending on whether any part of pay was directly based
on the actual production of the worker, rather than solely
on hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of
terms” section on the following page for more detail.
Occupational leveling
In the last step before wage data were collected, the work
level of each selected job was determined using a “point
factor leveling” process. Point factor leveling matches certain aspects of a job to specific levels of work with assigned point values. Points for each factor are then totaled
to determine the overall work level for the job.
A-2
The NCS program is in the process of converting from a
nine-factor to a four-factor occupational leveling system.
The conversion is being phased in via annual NCS sample
replenishment groups and will require several years for full
implementation. The four occupational leveling factors
are:
• Knowledge
• Job controls and complexity
• Contacts (nature and purpose)
• Physical environment
Each factor consists of several levels, and each level has
an associated description and assigned points. A knowledge guide for 24 families of closely related occupations
contains short definitions of the point levels of knowledge
expected for the occupations and presents relevant examples. The other three factors use identical descriptions for
all occupational categories and contain a definition of each
point level within each factor.
The description within each factor best matching the job
is chosen. The point levels within each factor are designed
to describe the thresholds of distinct levels of work. When
a job does not meet the full description of a point level, the
next lowest point level is used. Points for the four factors
are totaled to determine the overall work level. NCS publishes data for up to 15 work levels.
Most supervisory occupations are evaluated based on
their duties and responsibilities. A modified approach is
used for professional and administrative supervisors when
they direct professional work and are paid primarily to supervise. Such supervisory occupations are leveled based
on the work level of the highest position reporting to them.
For a complete description of point factor leveling, refer
to the publication “National Compensation Survey: Guide
for Evaluating Your Firm’s Jobs and Pay,” available at the
BLS National Compensation Survey Internet site at
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/sp/ncbr0004.pdf.
Combined work levels
This bulletin includes a table which simplifies the presentation of work levels by combining them into four broad
groups. The groups were determined by combinations of
knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, physical
environment, and supervisory duties, and are meant to be
comparable across different occupations. The broad
groups and the combined work levels are:
Group
designation
Levels
combined
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Levels 1–4
Levels 5–8
Levels 9–12
Levels 13–15
Collection period
Survey data were collected over a 13-month period for 60
metropolitan areas in the NCS program. For 20 small metropolitan areas, data were collected over a 4-month period.
For each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s most recent information at the time of collection. The payroll reference month shown in the tables reflects the average date of this information for all sample
units.
Earnings
Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straight-time
hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings:
•
•
•
•
•
Incentive pay, including commissions, production
bonuses, and piece rates
Cost-of-living allowances
Hazard pay
Payments of income deferred due to participation
in a salary reduction plan
Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight
or passengers
The following forms of payments were not considered
part of straight-time earnings:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for
working a schedule that varies from the norm, such
as night or weekend work
Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends
Bonuses not directly tied to production (such as
Christmas and profit-sharing bonuses)
Uniform and tool allowances
Free or subsidized room and board
Payments made by third parties (for example, tips)
On-call pay
To calculate earnings for various periods (hourly,
weekly, and annual), data on work schedules also were collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours worked per
day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were recorded.
Annual weeks worked were determined. Because salaried
workers who are exempt from overtime provisions often
work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical
number of hours actually worked was collected.
Definition of terms
Full-time worker. Any employee whom the employer considers to be full time.
A-3
Part-time worker. Any employee whom the employer considers to be part time.
Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are
solely tied to an hourly rate or salary.
Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied,
at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales.
Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not
meeting the conditions for union coverage.
Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation
when all of the following conditions are met:
•
•
•
A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining agent for all workers in the occupation
Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations
Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed, mutually binding collective bargaining agreement
Level. A ranking within an occupation based on the requirements of the position.
Processing and analyzing the data
Data were processed and analyzed at the BLS National Office following collection.
Weighting and nonresponse
Sample weights were calculated for each establishment and
occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of
the establishment within the sample universe. Weights
were used to aggregate data for the individual establishments or occupations into the various data series. Some of
the establishments surveyed could not supply or refused to
supply information. If data were not provided by a sample
member during the initial interview, the weights of responding sample members in the same or similar “cells”
were adjusted to account for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean value of data for the nonrespondents equals the mean value of data for the respondents at some detailed “cell” level. Responding and
nonresponding establishments were classified into these
cells according to industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments were classified into cells that were additionally defined by major occupation group.
If average hourly earnings data were not provided by a
sample member during the update interview, then missing
average hourly earnings were imputed by multiplying prior
average hourly earnings by the rate of change in the average hourly earnings of respondents. The regression model
that takes into account available establishment characteristics is used to derive the rate of change in the average
hourly earnings.
Establishments that were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey had their weights
changed to zero.
Estimation
The wage series in the tables are computed by combining
the wages for each sampled occupation. Before being
combined, individual wage rates are weighted by the number of workers; the sample weight, adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation’s scheduled hours of work. The sample weight reflects
the inverse of each unit’s probability of selection at each
sample selection stage and four weight adjustment factors.
The first factor adjusts for establishment nonresponse and
the second factor adjusts for occupational nonresponse.
The third factor adjusts for any special situations that may
have occurred during data collection. The fourth factor,
postratification, also called benchmarking, is introduced to
adjust estimated employment totals to the current counts of
employment by industry. The latest available employment
counts were used to derive average hourly earnings in this
publication.
Not all calculated series met the criteria for publication.
Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make
sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented the publication of a series
that could have revealed information about a specific establishment.
Estimates of the number of workers represent the total
in all establishments within the scope of the study, and not
the number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of the number
of workers obtained from the sample of establishments
serve to indicate only the relative importance of the occupational groups studied.
Percentiles
The percentiles presented in tables 6 through 10 are computed using earnings reported for individual workers in
sampled establishment jobs and their scheduled hours of
work. Establishments in the survey may report only individual-worker earnings for each sampled job. For the calculation of percentile estimates, the individual-worker
A-4
hourly earnings are appropriately weighted and then arrayed from lowest to highest.
The published 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution within
each published occupation. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the
rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours
are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the
75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more
than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow
the same logic.
Data reliability
The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically
selected probability sample. There are two types of errors
possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling
and nonsampling.
Sampling errors occur because observations come only
from a sample and not from an entire population. The
sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible
samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different
samples would differ from each other.
A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible
samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard
error divided by the estimate. RSE data are provided
alongside the earnings data in the bulletin tables.
The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example,
suppose a table shows that mean hourly earnings for all
workers were $17.75, with a relative standard error of 1.0
percent for this estimate. At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is from $17.46 to $18.04
($17.75 minus and plus $0.29, where $0.29 is the product
of 1.645 times 1.0 percent times $17.75). If all possible
samples were selected to estimate the population value, the
interval from each sample would include the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time.
Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They
can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey
definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct
information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. Although they were not specifically measured, the
nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the
extensive training of the field economists who gathered the
survey data, computer edits, and detailed data review.
Appendix table 1. Number of workers1 represented by the survey,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Civilian
workers
Occupational group2
Private
industry
workers
State and
local
government
workers
All workers ....................................................................
552,100
461,700
90,400
Management, professional, and related .....................
Management, business, and financial ....................
Professional and related .........................................
Service ........................................................................
Sales and office ..........................................................
Sales and related ....................................................
Office and administrative support ...........................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ....
Construction and extraction ...................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair ......................
Production, transportation, and material moving ........
Production ..............................................................
Transportation and material moving .......................
153,400
42,700
110,700
101,800
156,900
54,500
102,500
55,800
33,100
22,700
84,100
41,300
42,800
103,400
39,100
64,300
87,600
138,400
54,500
84,000
50,500
32,000
18,600
81,600
41,300
40,400
49,900
3,500
46,400
14,200
18,500
–
18,500
5,300
1,100
4,100
2,500
–
2,500
1 The number of workers represented by the
survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of
the number of workers provide a description of size
and composition of the labor force included in the
survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for
comparison to other statistical series to measure
employment trends or levels.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the
2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. See appendix B for more information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National
Compensation Survey.
A-5
Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Richmond-Petersburg, VA,
September 2006
State and
local
government
Establishments
Total
Private
industry
Total in sampling frame1 ................................................
19,084
19,031
53
Total in sample ...............................................................
Responding ............................................................
Refused or unable to provide data .........................
Out of business or not in survey scope ..................
394
235
103
56
366
209
101
56
28
26
2
0
1 The list of establishments from which the
survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was
developed from State unemployment insurance
reports and is based on the 2002 North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS). For private
industries, an establishment is usually a single
physical location. For State and local governments,
an establishment is defined as all locations of a
government entity.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or
that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National
Compensation Survey.
A-6