Low Speed Water Tunnel
Department of Management and Engineering (IEI)
used by :
Applied
Thermodynamics and
Fluid Mechanics
Infomation
General Information
The Flow Visualization Water Tunnel is
a closed circuit system suitable for
studying a wide range of aerodynamic
and fluid dynamic phenomena.
The unit with a test section of
380x500x1520 mm provides a
maximum test section flow velocity of
36 cm/s.
Infomation
General Information
Equipment
Balance
To measure the forces on the model in
the water tunnel a 5 component
balance is available with a maximum
diameter of 13 mm and a length of
167.5 mm, which uses high-sensitivity
semi-conductor strain gages. High
sensitivity is required because
the model loads encountered in water
tunnels are quite small.
Normal
Yaw
Side
Roll
Pitch
Equipment
Balance
Results
Balance
Forces vs Angle of Attack for a 50 Degree Sweept Delta Wing at Velocity
0.18 m/s in LiUs Water Tunnel
1,20000
1,00000
Force [N]
0,80000
0,60000
0,40000
0,20000
0,00000
-0,20000
3
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Normal Force [N] -0,01887 0,02257 0,13096 0,24341 0,37732 0,52701 0,68055 0,81912 0,89181 0,95414
Side Force [N]
-0,00154 0,00338 -0,00470 -0,00259 -0,00579 -0,00967 -0,00620 -0,01262 -0,00945 -0,02016
Results
Balance
Moments vs Angle of Attack for a 50 Degree Sweept Delta Wing at
Velocity 0.18 m/s in LiUs Water Tunnel
0,01200
Moment [Nm]
0,01000
0,00800
0,00600
0,00400
0,00200
0,00000
-0,00200
3
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Pitching Torque [Nm] -0,00023-0,00057 0,00017 0,00143 0,00296 0,00440 0,00730 0,00883 0,01037 0,00918
Yaw Torque [Nm]
0,00030 0,00007 -0,00025-0,00001 0,00007 0,00013 0,00026 0,00017 0,00031 0,00049
Roll Torque [Nm]
0,00050 0,00088 0,00090 0,00136 0,00145 0,00240 0,00263 0,00168 0,00164 0,00201
Results
Coefficients
Balance
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
-0,2
CN
Cm
CC
Cn
Cl
3
-0,03313
-0,00041
-0,0027
0,000529
0,000876
Coefficients vs Angle of Attack for a 50 Degree Sweept Delta Wing at
Velocity 0.18 m/s in LiUs Water Tunnel
5
0,039621
-0,001
0,005939
0,000127
0,001536
10
0,229866
0,000293
-0,00825
-0,00044
0,001573
15
0,427244
0,002518
-0,00455
-2,2E-05
0,002382
20
0,662277
0,0052
-0,01017
0,000118
0,002553
25
0,925027
0,007731
-0,01697
0,000231
0,004218
30
1,194512
0,012808
-0,01088
0,000448
0,004624
35
1,437746
0,015503
-0,02215
0,000303
0,002944
40
1,565333
0,018204
-0,01658
0,000536
0,002877
45
1,674731
0,016119
-0,03539
0,000853
0,003536
Equipment
Camera System
The NI 1722 Smart Camera, powered by a 400 MHz
PowerPC processor, is a real-time target for
machine vision.
You can configure the NI Smart Camera with NI
Vision Builder for Automated Inspection (AI), an
easy-to-use stand-alone programming environment
for creating full visual inspection applications.
One camera is static and sidewise mounted at the
water tunnel. The other one is mounted at the
lower side at the water tunnel on a wagon to offer
the possibility to follow the model perpendicularly
by choosing any angle.
Equipment
Camera System
Type of camera:
Single-lens reflex digital camera
Effective pixels:
16.2 million
ISO sensitivity:
ISO 100 to 6400
Image sensor:
23.6 x 15.6 mm CMOS sensor; total pixels: 16.9 mio.
Image size:
(pixels) 4,928 × 3,264 [L], 3,696 × 2,448 [M], 2,464 × 1,632 [S]
Video:
offers high-image-quality full HD movie recording of 1,920 x 1,080/24p
Memory:
2x 16 GB ScanDisk SD memory cards
Equipment
UV Lightning
To visualize the flow around the model
UV lighting is used.
The two 336 ultra bright and 10mm
ultra violet LED panels provide enough
light to illuminate the whole water
tunnel test section.
Super-concentrate of glycol-free,
completely non-toxic colour
concentrate for water. Mix rate guide
from 1:5000 to 1:50 depending on
intensity required.
Results
Flow Visualisation
Results
Flow Visualisation
Results
Flow Visualisation
Results
Flow Visualisation
Results
Flow Visualisation
Results
Flow Visualisation
Nice Results by Accident
Flow Visualisation
Result
Flow Visualisation
Result
Flow Visualisation
Equipment
Model
To build the models for the water tunnel, a rapid prototyping machine is available. This gives us the
possibility to print any kind of intricate 3D CAD model in a fast and accurate way.
Since the models are build up in ABSplus™ thermoplastic it is easy to continue finishing them afterwards.
Projects
Projects at the Water Tunnel
• flow vizualisation lab for aerodynamic lecture
• studend reaserch project : Numerical and
Experimental Analysis of a NACA 2412 Airfoil
CFD Analysis of a NACA 2412 Airfoil
• UAV helicopter body flow simulation
• Aerodynamics TMMV01
Water Tunnel Analysis of a NACA 2412 Airfoil
Projects
Future Projects
Control Program
Projects
Future Projects
Presure measurement system
Projects
Future Projects
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 2D / 3D
Projects
Future Projects
Light Field Volumetric Velocimetry (LLVV)
Publications
Publications at the Water Tunnel
• PHD dissertation by Cameron Munro, Water Tunnel
Validation and Experiments at high Angles of Attack
for Aircraft Conceptional Design, 2003
• PHD dissertation by Christopher Jouannet, Model
Based Aircraft Design ( High Angel of Attack
Aerodynamics and Weight Estimation Methods), 2005
• Paper by Munro, Krus, Jouannet, Implications of
Scale Effect for the Prediction of High Angle of Attack
Aerodynamics, 2005
Contacts
Contact us
Prof. Matts Karlsson
Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics
Department of Management and Engineering
Linköping University
SE-581 83 Linköping
Sweden
Phone: +46 13 281199