For Release: Monday, May 06, 2013 NEW ENGLAND INFORMATION OFFICE: Boston, Mass. Technical information: (617) 565-2327 [email protected] Media contact: (617) 565-2326 [email protected] 13-401-BOS www.bls.gov/regions/new-england Union Membership in Massachusetts and Connecticut - 2012 In 2012, union members accounted for 14.4 percent of wage and salary workers in Massachusetts and 14.0 percent in Connecticut compared to 14.6 and 16.8 percent, respectively, in 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Deborah A. Brown noted that both states had union membership rates above the U.S. average of 11.3 percent in 2012. (See chart 1 and table A.) In fact, the union membership rates in these two states have always exceeded the national average throughout since the series began in 1989, the first year for which comparable state data are available. Massachusetts had 417,000 union members in 2012 and Connecticut, 216,000. An additional 53,000 wage and salary workers in Massachusetts and 16,000 in Connecticut were represented by a union on their main job or were covered by an employee association or contract while not union members themselves. (See table A.) Nationwide, 14.4 million wage and salary workers were union members in 2012 and 1.6 million wage and salary workers were not affiliated with a union but had jobs covered by a union contract. Table A. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers in Massachusetts and Connecticut, annual averages, 2003-2012 (numbers in thousands) Members of unions(1) Year Massachusetts 2003 ...................................................................... 2004 ...................................................................... 2005 ...................................................................... 2006 ...................................................................... 2007 ...................................................................... 2008 ...................................................................... 2009 ...................................................................... 2010 ...................................................................... 2011....................................................................... 2012 ...................................................................... Connecticut 2003 ...................................................................... 2004 ...................................................................... 2005 ...................................................................... 2006 ...................................................................... 2007 ...................................................................... 2008 ...................................................................... 2009 ...................................................................... 2010 ...................................................................... 2011....................................................................... 2012 ...................................................................... Total employed Represented by unions(2) Percent of employed Total Percent of employed Total 2,925 2,920 2,886 2,859 2,882 2,909 2,864 2,866 2,882 2,896 416 393 402 414 379 458 476 415 422 417 14.2 13.5 13.9 14.5 13.2 15.7 16.6 14.5 14.6 14.4 454 430 431 438 402 491 516 446 445 470 15.5 14.7 14.9 15.3 14.0 16.9 18.0 15.6 15.4 16.2 1,489 1,539 1,550 1,591 1,617 1,625 1,538 1,549 1,542 1,541 229 235 247 247 253 275 265 258 259 216 15.4 15.3 15.9 15.6 15.6 16.9 17.3 16.7 16.8 14.0 244 256 263 263 269 291 282 270 272 232 16.4 16.6 17.0 17.0 16.6 17.9 18.4 17.4 17.7 15.1 Footnotes: (1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (2) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union, as well as workers who are not members but whose jobs are covered by a union or employee association contract. NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of the January data. In 2012, 19 states had union membership rates above the U.S. average, of which 9 had rates above 15 percent. (See table 1.) Of the 9 states with the highest rates, 3 were located in the Northeast, 1 in the Midwest, and the remaining 5 bordered the Pacific Ocean. (See chart 2.) New York had the highest rate (23.2 percent), followed by Alaska (22.4 percent), Hawaii (21.6 percent), and Washington (18.5 percent). In fact, New York has had the highest membership rate in the nation for 16 of the past 18 years. Thirty-one states and the District of Columbia had union membership rates below the national average of 11.3 percent in 2012. Eight of these states had union membership rates below 5.0 percent, with North Carolina having the lowest, 2.9 percent. The next lowest rates were recorded in Arkansas (3.2 percent), South Carolina (3.3 percent), and Mississippi (4.3 percent). About half of the 14.4 million union members in the United States lived in just seven states (California, 2.5 million; New York, 1.8 million; Illinois, 0.8 million; Pennsylvania, 0.7 million; and Michigan, New Jersey, and Ohio, 0.6 million each), though these states accounted for only about one-third of wage and salary employment nationally. 2 State union membership levels depend on both the state wage and salary employment level and the union membership rate. For example, with a union membership rate of 5.7 percent, Texas had about one-third as many union members as New York, despite having 2.7 million more wage and salary employees. North Carolina and Hawaii had comparable numbers of union members (112,000 and 116,000, respectively), though North Carolina’s wage and salary employment level (3.8 million) was nearly seven times that of Hawaii (537,000). Technical Note The estimates in this release are obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides the basic information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau from a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households. The union membership and earnings data are tabulated from onequarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded. Union membership data, particularly for levels, are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years because of the introduction of updated population controls used in the CPS. These updated controls have little or no effect on unemployment rates and other ratios, such as union membership rates. For technical documentation and related information, including reliability of the CPS estimates, see www.bls.gov/cps/ documentation.htm. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200, Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. Definitions The principal definitions used in this release are described briefly below. Union members. Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. Represented by unions. Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Wage and salary workers. Workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors. Union membership and earnings data exclude all self-employed workers, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. 3 Table 1. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, 2011-2012 (Numbers in thousands) 2011 State Alabama .................................... Alaska........................................ Arizona ...................................... Arkansas ................................... California ................................... Colorado.................................... Connecticut ............................... Delaware ................................... District of Columbia ................... Florida ....................................... Georgia...................................... Hawaii........................................ Idaho ......................................... Illinois ........................................ Indiana....................................... Iowa ........................................... Kansas ...................................... Kentucky.................................... Louisiana ................................... Maine......................................... Maryland.................................... Massachusetts .......................... Michigan .................................... Minnesota.................................. Mississippi ................................. Missouri ..................................... Montana .................................... Nebraska ................................... Nevada ...................................... New Hampshire......................... New Jersey................................ New Mexico............................... New York ................................... North Carolina ........................... North Dakota ............................. Ohio ........................................... Oklahoma .................................. Oregon ...................................... Pennsylvania ............................. Rhode Island ............................. South Carolina........................... South Dakota............................. Tennessee ................................. Texas ......................................... Utah ........................................... Vermont ..................................... Virginia....................................... Washington................................ West Virginia ............................. Wisconsin .................................. Wyoming ................................... Total employed 1,781 306 2,493 1,116 13,931 2,186 1,542 370 281 7,283 3,876 525 594 5,408 2,681 1,386 1,268 1,678 1,717 554 2,549 2,882 3,838 2,461 1,081 2,531 377 828 1,050 617 3,816 726 7,920 3,589 318 4,813 1,458 1,574 5,348 453 1,726 359 2,504 10,214 1,150 290 3,550 2,727 672 2,538 250 Members of unions(1) Total 178 68 149 47 2,379 179 259 39 23 460 153 113 31 876 302 155 97 150 77 63 316 422 671 371 54 275 49 65 154 68 615 49 1,906 105 20 647 94 270 779 79 59 18 115 534 67 35 163 517 93 339 18 2012 Represented by unions(2) Percent of employed 10.0 22.1 6.0 4.2 17.1 8.2 16.8 10.5 8.3 6.3 3.9 21.5 5.1 16.2 11.3 11.2 7.6 8.9 4.5 11.3 12.4 14.6 17.5 15.1 5.0 10.9 13.0 7.9 14.6 11.1 16.1 6.8 24.1 2.9 6.3 13.4 6.4 17.1 14.6 17.4 3.4 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.8 12.0 4.6 19.0 13.8 13.3 7.2 Total 193 73 183 57 2,532 203 272 42 28 557 185 118 36 929 333 187 128 173 91 74 348 445 703 390 73 316 55 83 175 77 641 65 2,068 149 27 706 113 286 846 81 86 23 139 643 82 39 198 557 102 358 21 Note: See footnotes at end of table. 4 Total Percent employed of employed 10.8 23.7 7.3 5.1 18.2 9.3 17.7 11.2 9.9 7.6 4.8 22.5 6.1 17.2 12.4 13.5 10.1 10.3 5.3 13.4 13.7 15.4 18.3 15.8 6.8 12.5 14.6 10.0 16.6 12.5 16.8 9.0 26.1 4.1 8.6 14.7 7.7 18.1 15.8 17.9 5.0 6.5 5.6 6.3 7.1 13.5 5.6 20.4 15.2 14.1 8.4 1,807 298 2,434 1,157 14,483 2,165 1,541 377 309 7,602 3,914 537 613 5,486 2,702 1,390 1,248 1,742 1,733 559 2,636 2,896 3,785 2,465 1,113 2,507 392 864 1,101 621 3,796 780 7,936 3,805 329 4,800 1,531 1,526 5,452 455 1,773 351 2,586 10,590 1,179 288 3,592 2,776 697 2,605 252 Members of unions(1) Total 166 67 125 37 2,489 169 216 39 27 440 171 116 29 801 246 145 85 174 107 64 280 417 629 351 48 224 54 52 162 65 611 50 1,841 112 20 604 115 240 734 81 58 20 124 599 61 31 159 513 84 293 17 Represented by unions(2) Percent of employed 9.2 22.4 5.1 3.2 17.2 7.8 14.0 10.4 8.6 5.8 4.4 21.6 4.8 14.6 9.1 10.4 6.8 10.0 6.2 11.5 10.6 14.4 16.6 14.2 4.3 8.9 13.9 6.0 14.7 10.5 16.1 6.5 23.2 2.9 6.1 12.6 7.5 15.7 13.5 17.8 3.3 5.6 4.8 5.7 5.2 10.7 4.4 18.5 12.1 11.2 6.7 Total 190 71 159 43 2,666 190 232 44 32 555 210 124 36 852 269 172 105 198 130 78 325 470 648 368 64 253 65 70 181 74 636 68 1,975 162 27 665 140 250 787 84 82 24 152 721 77 38 197 541 91 312 20 Percent of employed 10.5 23.9 6.5 3.7 18.4 8.8 15.1 11.8 10.3 7.3 5.4 23.2 5.8 15.5 10.0 12.4 8.4 11.4 7.5 13.9 12.3 16.2 17.1 14.9 5.7 10.1 16.5 8.1 16.4 12.0 16.8 8.7 24.9 4.3 8.2 13.9 9.1 16.4 14.4 18.4 4.6 6.7 5.9 6.8 6.6 13.1 5.5 19.5 13.1 12.0 8.1 Footnotes: (1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 5 6
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