Autumn Plant Inventory of Calvin College Natural Areas
Biology 346 Class Project, Fall 1998
Ferns | Gymnosperms | Monocots | Herbaceous Dicots | Woody Dicots
Summary:
Total # species = 307
# Native Species = 207
# non-Native species = 100
Key to data:
CAPS = non-native plant
* = herbarium specimen
CC = 1 - 10
WC = -5 - +5
Scientific Name
Common Name
CC
Habit
WC
1
2
3
4
5
6a
6b
7
8
9
10
FERNS
Equisetum arvense
Field horsetail
0
fern
0
Equisetum sylvaticum
Woodland horsetail
5
fern
-3
x
x
Onoclea sensibilis
Sensitive Fern
2
fern
-3
x
GYMNOSPERMS
Juniperus communis
Common juniper
4
shrub
3
Juniperus virginiana
Red Cedar
3
tree
3
x
PICEA ABIES
Norway Spruce
-
tree
5
Picea glauca
White Spruce
3
tree
3
PICEA PUNGENS
Colorado Blue Spruce
-
tree
Pinus banksiana
Jack Pine
5
tree
3
x
Pinus resinosa
Red Pine
6
tree
2
x
Pinus strobus
White Pine
3
tree
3
x
PINUS SYLVESTRIS
Scots pine
-
tree
5
x
Pseudotsuga mienziesii
Douglas Fir
-
tree
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Taxus canadensis
Canadian Yew
5
shrub
3
x
x
Thuja occindentalis
Arbor vitae
4
tree
-3
x
x
Tsuga canadensis
Hemlock
5
tree
3
x
ALLIUM
SCHOENOPRASUM
Chives
-
forb
-1
Andropogon scoparius
Little Bluestem
5
grass
1
ANTHOXANTHUM
ODORATUM
Sweet Vernal Grass
-
grass
3
Arisaema triphyllum
Jack-in-the-pulpit
ANGIOSPERMS
Monocots
x
x
x
5
forb
-2
ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS Asparagus
-
forb
3
x
BROMUS INERMIS
Smooth Brome
-
grass
5
x
Calamarostis canadensis
Blue joint grass
3
grass
-5
x
CALAMAGROSTIS
STRICTA
Reedgrass (ornamental)
-
grass
1
x
x
x
Carex blanda*
Sedge
1
sedge
0
Carex crinita*
Sedge
4
sedge
-4
x
x
Carex gracillima*
Sedge
4
sedge
3
x
Carex granularis
Sedge
2
sedge
-4
x
x
Carex lacustris
Sedge
6
sedge
-5
Carex pensylvanica*
Sedge
4
sedge
5
x
x
Carex retrorsa
Sedge
3
sedge
-5
Carex rosea*
Sedge
2
sedge
5
Carex sp.
Sedge
Cyperus esculentus
Chufa, Umbrella sedge
1
sedge
-3
Cuperus odoratus
Umbrella Sedge
3
sedge
-3
DACTYLIS GLOMERATA
Orchard Grass
-
grass
3
Dulichium arundinaceum
Three-way Sedge
8
sedge
-5
ECHINOCHLOA
CRUSGALLI
Barnyard Grass
-
grass
-3
Echinochloa muricata
Barnyard Grass
1
grass
-5
ERIANTHUS RAVENAE
Plume Grass
-
grass
-5
Glyceria striata*
Fowl Manna Grass
4
grass
-5
x
HEMEROCALLIS sp.
Day Lily
-
forb
Iris virginica*
Southern Blue Flag
5
forb
-5
x
x
x
x
sedge
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Juncus effusus*
Soft-stemmed rush
3
forb
-5
Juncus tenuis*
Path Rush
1
forb
0
Leerisa oryzoides*
Cut Grass
x
x
x
3
grass
-5
Maianthermum canadense Canada Mayflower
4
forb
0
x
x
Panicum capillare
Witch Grass
1
grass
0
x
Panicum rigidulum
Panic Grass
7
grass
-3
Phalaris aruncinacea
Reed Canary Grass
0
grass
-4
PHLEUM PRATENSE*
Timothy
-
grass
3
Pontedaria cordata
Pickerel weed
8
Sagittaria latifolia
Arrowhead
x
x
x
x
x
forb
-5
x
forb
-5
x
Scirpus atrovirens*
Bultush
3
sedge
-5
SETARIA GLAUCA
Yellow foxtail
-
grass
0
x
x
x
Smilacina racemosa*
False spikenard
5
forb
3
Smilax lasioneura
Carrion-flower
5
vine
5
x
Sparganium cholorcarpum Breen-fruited bur-reed
6
forb
-5
TYPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA
narrow-leaved cattail
-
forb
5
Typha latifolia
broad-leaved cattail
1
forb
-5
Achillea millefolium*
Yarrow
1
forb
3
Agrimonia gryposepala*
tall agrimony
2
forb
2
Agrimonia pubescens
Soft agrimony
5
forb
5
Alsima plantago-aquatica
Water-plantain
1
forb
-5
ALLIARIA PETIOLATA
Garlic Mustard
-
forb
0
Ambrosia artemisiifolia*
Common Ragweed
0
forb
3
Anemone quinquefolia
Wood anemone
5
forb
0
Anemone virginiana
Thimbleweed
3
forb
5
Arabis drummondii
Drummon rock cress
6
forb
3
ARCTIUM LAPPA
Great Burdock
-
forb
2
ARCTIUM MINUS*
Common Burdock
-
forb
5
ARTEMESIA VULGARIS
Mugwort
-
forb
5
Asclepias incarnata*
Swamp Milkweed
6
forb
-5
x
Asclepias syriaca
Common Milkweed
1
forb
5
x
Aster cordifolius
Heart-leaved aster
4
forb
5
x
Aster lanceolatus
Eastern lined aster
2
forb
-3
Aster lateriflorus
Side-flowering aster
2
forb
-2
x
Aster macrophyllus
Big-leaved aster
4
forb
5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Herbaceous Dicots
Aster novae-angliae*
New England aster
3
forb
-3
Aster ontarionis
Ontario aster
6
forb
0
Aster pilosus*
Hairy aster
1
forb
2
Aster sagittifolius
Arrow-leaved aster
2
forb
5
Aster
cordifoliusXsagittifolius
Hybrid aster
forb
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Yellow Rocket
-
forb
0
BERTEROA INCANA*
Hoary alyssum
-
forb
5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
BARBAREA VULGARIS*
x
x
x
x
x
x
Bidens cernuus
Nodding Bur-marigold
Bidens sp.
Beggar-ticks
3
forb
-5
forb
x
x
Boehmeria cylindrica
False nettle
5
forb
-5
CENTAUREA ERYTHRAEA
Forking centaury
-
forb
-4
CENTAUREA JACEA*
Brown knapweed
-
forb
5
CENTAUREA MACULOSA*
Spotted knapweed
-
forb
5
CENTAUREA REPENS
Russian knapweed
-
forb
5
Chelone glabra
Turtlehead
7
forb
-5
CHENOPODIUM ALBUM
Lamb's Quarters
-
forb
1
CHENOPODIUM MURALE
Goosefoot
-
forb
5
CHRYSANTHEMUM
LEUCANTHEMUM*
Ox-eyed daisy
-
forb
5
CICHORIUM INTYBUS*
Chicory
-
forb
5
Circaea luteiana
Enchanter's Nightshade
2
forb
3
x
x
x
x
forb
3
5
Cirsium muticum
Swamp thistle
6
forb
-5
CIRSIUM VULGARE*
Bull thistle
-
forb
4
Claytonia virginica
Spring Beauty
4
forb
3
Conyza canadensis*
Horseweed
0
forb
1
x
DAUCUS CAROTA*
Wild Carrot
-
forb
5
x
Dentaria lacinata
Cut-leaved toothwort
5
forb
3
Desmodium cuspidatum
Small bracted tick-trefoil
5
forb
3
DIPSACUS FULLONUM*
Common teasel
-
forb
5
x
Epilobium ciliatum
Willow-herb
3
forb
3
x
Erigeron philadelphicus
Marsh fleabane
2
forb
-3
x
Erythronium albidum
White trout lily
7
forb
5
5
5
Euonymus obovata
Running Strawberry bush
5
shrub
5
Eupatorium maculatum
Joe-pye weed
4
forb
-5
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Boneset
4
forb
-4
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
x
Geranium maculatum
Wild geranium
4
forb
3
x
5
x
x
-2
-1
x
x
x
forb
forb
x
x
forb
forb
x
x
x
x
3
3
x
x
2
3
x
x
Grass-leaved goldenrod
Herb Robert
x
x
Wild strawberry
Yellow avens
x
x
Fragaria virginiana
Geum allepicum
x
x
Euthamia graminfolia*
Geranium robertianum
x
x
x
forb
forb
x
x
-
vine
x
x
4
-
x
x
Canada Thistle
5
x
x
Pasture thistle
Wintercreeper
x
x
Cirsium discolor
EUONYMUS FORTUNEI
x
x
CIRSIUM ARVENSE*
Erythronium americanum Yellow Trout lily
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Geum canadense
White avens
1
forb
0
x
x
Geum lacinatum
Rough avens
2
forb
-3
x
x
GEUM URBANUM
Avens
-
forb
5
HIERACIUM PILOSELLA
Mouse-eared Hawkweed
-
forb
5
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM Common St. John's-wort
-
forb
5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Impatiens capensis
Spotted touch-me-not
2
forb
-3
x
Lactuca biennis
tall blue lettuce
2
forb
0
x
Lactuca canadensis
Wild Lettuce
2
forb
2
LEONURUS CARDIACA
Motherwort
-
forb
5
LEPIDIUM CAMPESTRE
Field cress
x
x
x
x
x
-
forb
5
LEPIDIUM DENSIFLORUM Small peppergrass
-
forb
0
Lycopus uniflorus
Northern Bugle Weed
2
forb
-5
x
LYTHRUM SALICARIA
Purple loosestrife
-
forb
-5
x
MALVA NEGLECTA
Common mallows;
cheeses
-
forb
5
MEDICAGO LUPULINA
Black medic
-
forb
1
MELILOTUS ALBA
White sweet-clover
-
forb
3
MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS
Yellow sweet-clover
-
forb
3
Mentha arvensis
Wild mint
3
forb
-3
MENTHA PIPERITA
Peppermint
-
forb
-5
MENTHA SUAVEOLENS
Apple mint
-
forb
-3
Monarda fistulosa
Wild bergamot
2
forb
3
NEPETA CATARIA
Catnip
-
forb
1
Oenothera biennis
Common eveningprimrose
-
forb
3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Oxalis fontana
Yellow wood-sorrel
0
forb
3
Oxalis stricta
Common yellow woodsorrel
x
0
forb
3
x
Penthorum sedoides
Ditch stonecrop
3
forb
-5
x
Phytolacca americana
Pokeweed
2
forb
1
x
Pilea pumila
Clearweed
5
forb
-3
PLANTAGO ARISTATA
Bracted plantain
-
forb
5
PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA
English plantain
-
forb
0
PLANTAGO MAJOR
Common plantain
-
forb
-1
PLANTAGO MEDIA
Hoary plantain
-
forb
5
x
Plantago rugeii
Red-stalked plantain
0
forb
0
x
Polygonum amphibium
Water smartweed
6
forb
-5
Polygonum hydropiper*
Water-pepper
1
forb
-5
Polygonum
pensylvanicum*
Pinkweed
0
forb
-4
x
vine
0
forb
0
POTENTILLA ARGENTEA
Silvery cinquefoil
-
forb
3
marsh cinquefoil
7
forb
-5
POTENTILLA RECTA*
Rough-fruited cinquefoil
-
forb
5
x
PRUNELLA VULGARIS*
Self-heal
-
forb
0
x
x
x
Small flowered buttercup
0
forb
-2
Yellow coneflower
4
forb
5
x
Rudbeckia hirta*
Black-eyed susan
1
forb
3
x
RUMEX CRISPUS*
Curly dock
-
forb
-1
Rumex verticillatus
Water dock
7
forb
-5
Bloodroot
5
forb
4
5
forb
4
SILENE PRATENSIS*
White campion
-
forb
5
SOLANUM CAROLINENSE* Horse nettle
-
forb
4
SOLANUM DULCAMARA*
Devil's nightshade
-
vine
0
Solidago altissima
Tall goldenrod
1
forb
3
Solidago caesia
Blue-stemmed goldenrod
7
forb
3
Solidago canadensis*
Canadian goldenrod
1
forb
3
x
Solidago flexicaulis
Broad-leaved goldenrod
6
forb
3
x
Solidago rugosa
Rough goldenrod
3
forb
-1
Solidago speciosa
Showy goldenrod
5
forb
5
SONCHUS ARVENSIS
Perennial sow thistle
-
forb
1
SONCHUS OLERACEUS
Common sow thistle
x
x
x
x
Red Clover
-
forb
2
x
x
Triosteum aurantiacum
Wild coffee
5
forb
5
Urtica dioica*
Stinging nettle
forb
-1
-
forb
4
VERBASCUM THAPSUS
-
forb
5
x
x
Veronica
-
forb
VINCA MINOR
Periwinkle, myrtle
-
shrub
5
Viola pubescens*
Downy yellow violet
4
forb
4
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
VERONICA sp.
x
x
VERBASCUM BLATTARIA* Moth mullein
-4
x
x
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE*
-1
x
x
x
forb
x
x
x
forb
x
x
3
4
x
x
3
4
x
x
forb
Blue vervain
x
x
x
forb
White vervain
x
x
-
Verbena urticifolia
x
x
-
Verbena hastata
x
x
TARAXACUM OFFICINALE Common Dandelion
Common Mullein
x
x
Late figwort
-3
x
x
x
Scrophularia marilandica
-5
x
x
x
x
Sanguinaria canadensis
forb
x
x
Ratibida pinnata
forb
x
x
Ranunculus abortivus
3
x
x
x
2
6
x
x
4
Late goldenrod
x
x
False buckwheat
Riddell's goldenrod
x
x
Jumpseed
Solidago riddellii
x
x
Polygonum virginianum
Solidago gigantea
x
x
x
Polygonum scandens
Potentilla palustris
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Woody Dicots
ACER GINNALA
Amur maple
-
tree
5
Acer negundo*
Box elder
0
tree
-2
x
x
x
x
x
ACER PALMATUM
Japanese maple
-
tree
ACER PLATANOIDES
Norway maple
-
tree
5
x
x
x
x
Acer rubrum
Red maple
1
tree
0
x
x
x
Acer saccharinum
Silver Maple
2
tree
-3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Acer saccharum*
Sugar Maple
5
tree
3
x
AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA
Tree of heaven
-
tree
5
x
Amelanchier arborea*
Juneberry
4
tree
3
Amelianchier interior
Serviceberry
4
tree
5
Serviceberry
Japanese barberry
-
shrub
4
Betula papyrifera
Paper birch
2
tree
2
Carpinus caroliniana
Blue-beech
6
tree
0
x
x
Pignut hickory
Kingnut hickory
Carya ovata
Cephalanthus
occidentalis*
tree
x
tree
3
-3
Shagbark hickory
5
tree
3
Buttonbush
7
tree
-5
Cercis canadensis
Redbud
8
tree
3
x
x
Cornus amomun*
Silky dogwood
2
shrub
-4
x
x
Cornus alternifolia
Alternate-leaved dogwood
5
tree
5
Cornus florida
Flowering dogwood
8
tree
4
x
x
x
x
1
shrub
-2
x
x
6
shrub
5
x
x
Cornus stolonifera
Red-osier dogwood
2
shrub
-3
Cretaegus pruinosa
Hawthorn
6
tree
5
Crataegus sp.
Hawthorn
ELAEAGNUS
ANGUSTIFOLIA
Russian Olive
Autumn olive
-
shrub
3
-
shrub
5
shrub
1
-
shrub
5
Fagus grandifolia
American beech
6
tree
-3
FORSYTHIA sp.
Forsythia
-
shrub
Fraxinus americana
American ash (white)
5
tree
-3
x
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Red Ash
2
tree
1
x
Gleditsia tricanthos
Honey Locust
8
tree
0
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch-hazel
5
shrub
3
Juglans nigra
Black-walnut
5
tree
3
x
LIGUSTRUM VULGARE
Common privet
-
shrub
1
x
Lonicera canadensis
American fly honeysuckle
5
shrub
3
Lonicera dioica
Red honeysuckle
5
vine
3
LONICERA MAACKII
Amur honeysuckle
-
shrub
5
LONICERA MORROWII
Morrow honeysuckle
-
shrub
5
LONICERA TATARICA
Tartarian honeysuckle
-
shrub
3
LONICERA XYLOSTEUM
Europena Honeysuckle
-
shrub
5
LONICERA sp.
Honeysuckle
-
shrub
MAGNOLIA sp.
Magnolia
-
tree
Malus coronaria
Wild Crab
4
tree
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
tree
5
5
shrub
2
Thicket creeper
x
x
x
Common apple
Parthenocissus
quinquefolia
x
x
5
Partridge berry
Parthenocissus inserta
x
x
x
x
Mitchela repens
Ironwood
x
x
MALUS PUMILA
Black gum
x
x
8SC
Ostrya virginiana*
x
x
Burning Bush
Nyssa sylvatica
x
x
Spindle tree
White mulberry
x
x
x
EUONYMUS EUOROPAEA
Red Mulberry
x
x
x
Euonymus atropurpurea
Morus rubra
x
x
x
Winged wahoo
x
x
Grey-bark dogwood
EUONYMUS ALATA
x
x
Round-leaved dogwood
ELAEAGNUS UMBELLATA
x
x
Cornus rugosa
4
x
x
Cornus foemina*
tree
x
x
tree
MORUS ALBA
x
x
x
5
tree
x
x
x
9SC
-
x
x
x
BERBERIS THUNBERGIL
Carya laciniosa
x
x
x
Amerlanchier sp.
Carya glabra
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
tree
0
9SC
tree
1
x
9
tree
-4
5
tree
4
4
vine
3
Virginia creeper
5
vine
1
x
Populus deltoides
Cottonwood
1
tree
-1
x
POPULUS NIGRA var.
ITALICA
Lombardy poplar
-
tree
5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Populus grandidentata
Big-toothed aspen
4
tree
3
x
Populus tremuloides
Trembling aspen
1
tree
0
x
x
Prunus nigra
Canada plum
4
tree
4
Prunus pensylvancia
Pin cherry
3
tree
4
Prunus serotina*
Wild Black Cherry
2
tree
3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
PRUNUS SERRULATA
Japanese cherry
-
tree
Prunus virginiana*
Choke cherry
2
shrub
x
PRUNUS YEDOENSIS
Yoshino cherry
-
tree
Quercus alba
Wild Oak
5
tree
3
Quercus bicolor
Swamp white oak
8
tree
-4
Quercus coccinea
Scarlet oak
7
tree
5
x
x
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Quercus macrocarpa
Bur oak
5
tree
1
Quercus palustris
Pin oak
8
tree
-3
Quercus rubra
Red oak
5
tree
3
x
Quercus velutina
Black oak
6
tree
5
x
Rhamnus alnifolia
Alder-leaved buckthorn
8
tree
-5
RHAMNUS CATHARTICA*
Common-buckthorn
-
tree
3
x
x
x
x
x
RHAMNUS FRANGULA*
Glossy buckthorn
-
shrub
-1
x
x
x
x
x
RHODODENDRON
MAXIMUM
Rhododendron
-
shrub
Rhus glabra
Smooth sumac
2
tree
5
Rhus typhina
Staghorn sumac
2
tree
5
Ribes cynosbati
Wild gooseberry
4
shrub
5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA Black locust
-
tree
4
Rosa blanda
3
shrub
3
Wild Rose
x
x
ROSA MULTIFLORA*
Multiflora rose
-
shrub
3
Rosa palustris
Swamp Rose
5
shrub
-5
Rubus allegheniensis*
Common blackberry
1
shrub
2
Rubrus flagellaris*
Northern dewberry
1
shrub
4
Rubus occidentalis
Black Raspberry
1
shrub
5
Rubus setosus
Bristly blackberry
3
shrub
-2
Rubus strigosus
Red raspberry
2
shrub
-2
Rubus sp.
Raspberry
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
shrub
x
SALIX BABYLONICA
Weeping willow
-
tree
Salix exigua
Sandbar willow
1
shrub
-5
x
Salix nigra
Black willow
5
tree
-5
Salix petiolaris
Slender willow
1
shrub
4
SALIX PURPUREA
Basket Willow
-
shrub
-3
Salix sericea
Silky Willow
6
shrub
-5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sambucus canadensis*
Common elderberry
3
shrub
-2
Sassafras albidum
Sassafras
5
tree
3
x
SORBUS AUCUPARIA
European mountain-ash
-
tree
5
Staphylea trifolia
American bladdernut
9
shrub
0
SYRINGA VULGARIS
Common lilac
-
shrub
5
Tilia americana*
American basswood
5
tree
3
x
Toxicodendron radicans
Posion ivy
2
vine
-1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Ulmus americana
American elm
1
tree
-2
x
Ulmus rubra
Red Elm
2
tree
0
x
Viburnum dentatum
Northern Arrowwood
6
shrub
-2
VIBURNUM LANTANA
Wayfaring Tree
-
shrub
5
x
VIBURNUM OPULUS
Highbush cranberry
-
shrub
0
x
Viburnum opulus var
americanum
Cranberry viburnum
5
shrub
-3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Viburnum prunifolium
Blackhaw
7SC
shrub
3
x
Vitis aestivalis
Summer grape
6
vine
3
x
Vitis riparia
Riverbank grape
3
vine
-2
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x