Extended Mass Layoffs
in 2011
U.S. Department of Labor
Hilda L. Solis, Secretary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
John M. Galvin, Acting Commissioner
December 2012
Report 1039
Contents
Page
Extended Mass Layoffs in 2011
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................1
Highlights.................................................................................................................................................................................1–2
Chart 1..........................................................................................................................................................................................3
Statistical Tables
1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2003–2011...............................................................................................................................4
2. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2011..............................................................................................................5
3. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest
three-digit NAICS industries, 2010–2011.................................................................................................................... 6
4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit
NAICS industries, 2009–2011...................................................................................................................................... 7
5. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2011............................................................................................................. 8
6. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and
initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2011................................ 9
7. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and
initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2011........................... 10
8. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations,
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private
nonfarm sector, 2011.................................................................................................................................................. 11
9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion
rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2011................................................................... 12
10. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2009–2011.......................................................... 13
11. Movement-of-work actions by type of separation, where number of separations is known by employers,
2009–2011..................................................................................................................................................................14
12. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector,
2009–2011..................................................................................................................................................................15
13. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm
sector, 2003–2011.......................................................................................................................................................16
14. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2011..................................................................................17
15. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2011................................................................................................18
16. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2011................................................................................................19
17. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by state, private
nonfarm sector, 2011..................................................................................................................................................20
18. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2011..........................................................................................................21
19. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events,
50 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2011..................................................................................... 22
ii
Contents – Continued
Page
20. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm
sector, 2011.................................................................................................................................................................23
21. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009-2011....................................................................................24
22. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2011 ...........................................................................................................25
23. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended
mass layoff events in 2011, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector ........................................................26
24. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector,
2004–2011...................................................................................................................................................................27
25. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2004–2011.............................................................................................................................28
26. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2007–2011.............................................................................................................................29
27. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private
nonfarm sector 2007–2011 .........................................................................................................................................30
28. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector,
50 highest ranking three-digit NAICS industries in 2011 ..........................................................................................31
29. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations
by state, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2011 ..............................................................................................................32
30. Permanent worksite closures: the 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants
associated with extended mass layoff events in 2011, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector................33
31. Selected business functions involved in nonseasonal extended mass layoff events, 2010–2011 ..............................34
32. Business processes involved in extended mass layoff events, by reason for layoff, 2010–2011 ...............................35
33. Number of business processes affected in nonseasonal extended mass layoffs, 2010–2011......................................36
Technical Note ....................................................................................................................................................................37–39
iii
Introduction
decreases occurring in retail trade, accommodations
and food services, and construction. (See table 2.)
T
he U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts
the Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to
provide information on large-scale layoff events and
the characteristics of the dislocated workers. This report
summarizes data on extended mass layoffs for 2011. The
MLS program defines an extended mass layoff event as
the filing of 50 or more initial claims for unemployment
insurance benefits against an employer during a 5-week
period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30
days. Since 2004, the scope of the layoff data series was
redefined to include only the private nonfarm economy. (See
the technical note for additional information on the concepts
and definitions used in this report.)
In 2011, employers initiated 6,597 extended mass layoff
events that resulted in the separation of more than 1.1 million
workers. As indicated in table 1, both the number of layoff
events and the number of worker separations decreased in
2011 to the lowest levels since 2007. Fifteen of 18 major
industry sectors registered decreases in the number of
separations in 2011, with retail trade recording the largest
decline. Manufacturing recorded the industry’s lowest
number of worker separations since BLS began recording
annual MLS data in 1996. In 2011, 34 states reported lower
numbers of laid-off workers than in 2010. Fifty-five percent
of all private nonfarm employers reporting an extended
mass layoff in 2011 indicated they anticipated some recall of
dislocated workers, up from 50 percent in 2010.
In 2011, the average national unemployment rate was 8.9
percent; in 2010, it was 9.6 percent. Private nonfarm payroll
employment increased by 1 percent (about 1.5 million jobs)
from 2010 to 2011.
•
The number of workers separated because of slack
work/insufficient demand decreased from 161,769
in 2010 to 94,757 in 2011, the largest decline among
all economic reasons for layoff. (See table 5.)
•
In 2011, employers reported 166 extended mass
layoff events that involved the movement of work,
affecting 31,135 separated workers. Both of these
figures are record lows for the series (with data
available back to 2004). Among the movementof-work actions for which employers were able
to provide more complete separation information,
most continued to be work reassignments within the
United States and involved work moving within the
same company. (See table 11. For more information
on movement-of-work concepts and questions, see
the technical note.)
•
The average size of an extended mass layoff in
2011 (as measured by worker separations per layoff
event) was 169, the smallest average size of any
year in the series since BLS began recording annual
data in 1996. (See table 13.)
•
Of the 1.3 million initial claimants for unemployment
insurance associated with extended mass layoff
events in 2011, 40 percent were women, 34 percent
were between the ages of 30 and 44, and 20 percent
were 55 or older. (See tables 14 and 16.) To put these
percentages into context, in the total civilian labor
force in 2011, 47 percent were women, 32 percent
were between the ages of 30 and 44, and 20 percent
were 55 or older.
•
The average duration of insured unemployment
associated with extended mass layoffs in the private
nonfarm sector was 1.7 months (as measured
by the average number of continued claims for
unemployment insurance filed for the weeks that
followed the initial claim and included the 12th day
of the month). Among the 18 major industry sectors,
claimants laid off from the finance and insurance
sector experienced the longest average duration of
joblessness (2.8 months). Claimants laid off from
the information sector experienced the shortest
period of insured joblessness (1.1 months). Of the
seven economic reason-for-layoff groups, claimants
laid off because of organizational changes reported
the longest jobless duration (2.7 months), and the
shortest duration occurred due to business demand
factors (1.5 months). (See table 18.)
•
Since 2010, all Census regions and divisions and
34 states reported decreased numbers of laid-off
Highlights
•
Although manufacturing continued to account for
the largest number of workers separated by extended
mass layoffs among all major industry sectors in
2011, this sector recorded its lowest annual number
of separations since BLS began recording MLS data
in 1996. The numbers of laid-off workers decreased
from 2010 levels in 15 of the 21 manufacturing
subsectors, with the largest declines occurring in
transportation equipment, machinery, and primary
metals. The largest increases in separations were
reported in textile mills and in plastics and rubber
products. (See table 2.)
•
In 2011, the number of extended mass layoff
separations decreased over the year in 14 of the 17
nonmanufacturing industry sectors, with the largest
1
workers in 2011. Among the states, the largest
decreases of laid-off workers were reported by New
York, Florida, and California. (See tables 21 and
22.)
•
•
Eighty-two percent of the initial claimants associated
with extended mass layoff events in 2011 resided
within metropolitan areas, the same figure as a year
earlier. Among the 372 metropolitan areas, Los
Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, CA, reported the
highest number of initial claimants residing in the
area (202,107). Over the year, New York–Northern
New Jersey–Long Island, NY–NJ–PA recorded the
largest decline in the number of claimants. (See
table 23.)
Fifty-five percent of the private nonfarm employers
reporting an extended mass layoff in 2011 indicated
they anticipated recalling some dislocated workers,
up from 50 percent a year earlier. Thirty-four
percent of employers expecting to recall laid-off
workers indicated the offer would be extended to all
displaced employees; since 2008, that percentage
has remained under 40 percent. (See table 24.)
2
•
Eight percent of extended mass layoff events in
2011 were permanent worksite closures, affecting 9
percent of all separated workers (103,682 workers
in total), the lowest proportions of events and
separations due to closure in any year in the series
since BLS began recording annual data in 1996.
Closure-related separations were mostly attributable
to financial issues (50,296) and business demand
reasons (24,055). (See table 26.)
•
In 2011, the total number of business functions
affected in nonseasonal layoff events, as reported
by employers, was 7,540, a decrease from 8,088 in
2010. (See the technical note for more information
on business functions and business processes.)
Construction activities and producing goods were
most often cited as the main business functions
targeted in 2011 nonseasonal extended mass
layoffs—that is, the functions that involved the
most laid-off workers. Employers most often cited
general management, administrative and clerical
support, and first-line supervision as the secondary
business functions that were targeted in nonseasonal
layoff events. (See table 31.)
Chart 1. Extended mass layoff separations, by reason categories, 2001-20111
Separations
900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
Seasonal
1
Business demand
Organizational changes
The chart excludes information on layoffs due to other/miscellaneous reasons.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
3
Financial issues
Production specific
Disaster/safety
Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm
sector, 2003–2011
Year/quarter
Layoff events1
Separations1
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance1
2003
First quarter ………………………………………………………………
Second quarter …………………………………………………………
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ……………………………………………………………
1,502
1,799
1,190
1,690
286,947
368,273
236,333
325,333
297,608
348,966
227,909
326,328
Total ……………………………………………………………………
6,181
1,216,886
1,200,811
2004
First quarter ………………………………………………………………
Second quarter …………………………………………………………
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ……………………………………………………………
1,339
1,358
886
1,427
276,503
278,831
164,608
273,967
238,392
254,063
148,575
262,049
Total ……………………………………………………………………
5,010
993,909
903,079
2005
First quarter ………………………………………………………………
Second quarter …………………………………………………………
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ……………………………………………………………
1,142
1,203
1,136
1,400
186,506
246,099
201,878
250,178
185,486
212,673
190,186
246,188
Total …………………………………………………………...………
4,881
884,661
834,533
2006
First quarter ………………………………………………………………
Second quarter ……………………………………………………...…
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………….…
963
1,353
929
1,640
183,089
295,964
160,254
296,662
193,510
264,927
161,764
330,954
Total ……………………………………………………………………
4,885
935,969
951,155
2007
First quarter ………………………………………………………………
Second quarter ……………………………………………………….…
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ……………………………………………………………
1,110
1,421
1,018
1,814
225,600
278,719
160,024
301,592
199,250
259,234
173,077
347,151
Total ……………………………………………………………………
5,363
965,935
978,712
2008
First quarter ………………………………………………………………
Second quarter …………………………………………………………
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ……………………………………………………………
1,340
1,756
1,581
3,582
230,098
354,713
290,453
641,714
259,292
339,630
304,340
766,780
Total ……………………………………………………………………
8,259
1,516,978
1,670,042
2009
First quarter ………………………………………………………………
Second quarter …………………………………………………………
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ……………………………………………………………
3,979
3,395
2,034
2,416
705,141
651,318
345,531
406,212
835,551
731,049
406,823
468,577
Total ……………………………………………………………………
11,824
2,108,202
2,442,000
2010
First quarter …………………………………………………………….
Second quarter ……………………………………………………….…
Third quarter …………………………………………………….………
Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………..
1,870
2,008
1,370
1,999
314,512
381,622
222,357
338,643
368,664
396,441
260,077
390,584
Total ……………………………………………………………………
7,247
1,257,134
1,415,766
2011
First quarter …………………………………………………………….
Second quarter …………………………………………………………
Third quarter ……………………………………………………………
Fourth quarter ……………………………………………………………
1,490
1,810
1,393
1,904
225,456
317,546
235,325
334,843
258,220
342,530
290,898
401,942
Total ……………………………………………………………………
6,597
1,113,170
1,293,590
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
4
Table 2. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2011
Layoff events
Initial claimants for unemployment
insurance
Separations
Industry
2009
2010
2011
Total, private nonfarm1 .......................................................... 11,824
7,247
6,597
2,108,202
1,257,134
1,113,170
2,442,000
1,415,766
1,293,590
Mining ……………………………………………………………
196
Utilities ……………………………………………………………
21
Construction …………………………………………………… 2,020
Manufacturing ………………………………………………… 3,835
Food …………………………………………………………
321
Beverage and tobacco products ……………………………
34
Textile mills …………………………………………………
59
Textile product mills …………………………………………
20
Apparel ………………………………………………………
83
Leather and allied products …………………………………
6
Wood products ………………………………………………
188
Paper …………………………………………………………
99
Printing and related support activities ……………………
96
Petroleum and coal products ………………………………
33
Chemicals ……………………………………………………
93
59
17
1,623
1,412
298
26
11
13
39
3
63
33
48
24
53
44
10
1,377
1,196
302
29
18
7,940
2,795
197,437
224,182
57,468
6,811
2,011
1,667
5,800
233
7,468
4,431
5,934
3,187
7,109
5,891
1,593
169,620
198,458
57,135
4,320
5,648
( )
6,343
6,682
4,652
2,348
6,119
31,189
4,264
312,818
894,318
71,113
7,302
18,604
4,145
12,487
777
29,791
13,048
15,315
4,440
12,456
8,246
3,266
251,696
259,238
60,593
4,767
4,458
2,464
6,743
283
12,035
4,713
7,828
3,801
7,426
5,712
1,811
209,468
219,043
58,061
6,002
10,926
( )
43
38
41
20
43
31,825
3,647
245,536
668,265
65,103
5,281
7,909
2,890
13,664
806
22,025
12,206
13,112
4,456
12,013
180
205
270
356
378
329
141
711
142
91
44
113
62
76
105
99
35
188
40
39
43
87
33
57
65
74
23
167
37
35
20,988
23,798
42,366
44,288
68,018
51,940
20,606
204,909
20,403
11,484
4,193
12,843
9,821
9,459
17,774
14,717
4,894
35,809
6,894
5,659
7,241
10,020
4,873
7,294
12,305
11,973
4,254
29,206
4,326
3,910
26,179
28,445
54,851
57,413
107,858
60,181
26,428
301,500
30,070
11,915
5,180
15,246
9,676
12,554
22,594
16,467
6,018
43,374
7,848
5,170
5,851
11,451
4,901
8,271
13,395
10,330
4,851
36,063
4,701
4,192
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………… 339
Retail trade ……………………………………………………… 768
Transportation and warehousing ……………………………
655
Information ……………………………………………………… 315
Finance and insurance ………………………………………… 478
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………
95
Professional and technical services …………………………
448
Management of companies and enterprises …………………
54
Administrative and waste services …………………………… 1,082
Educational services ……………………………………………
77
Health care and social assistance …………………………… 393
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………
254
Accommodation and food services …………………………… 644
Other services, except public administration ………………
148
149
479
486
220
251
68
298
30
747
87
384
228
564
145
121
409
367
286
182
58
326
27
848
80
397
238
503
126
46,431
176,139
131,785
54,243
98,449
12,538
87,501
9,098
246,023
10,915
53,861
57,874
154,147
19,660
17,274
122,579
95,571
54,082
47,888
10,035
58,798
5,338
150,181
11,817
48,504
48,590
135,178
18,945
15,528
87,517
72,367
75,641
29,490
8,270
60,601
3,245
164,252
9,973
47,763
42,407
105,586
14,784
47,345
188,676
130,817
73,425
101,695
13,373
81,328
11,578
280,301
11,368
51,137
39,239
149,165
19,699
17,328
153,096
105,110
76,269
53,446
9,575
63,328
4,815
173,511
13,284
49,257
34,026
120,809
19,466
15,130
99,323
75,378
124,696
38,427
9,770
75,850
3,918
202,752
11,906
48,461
36,407
98,123
17,169
–
2
265
–
184
265
–
246
Plastics and rubber products ………………………………
Nonmetallic mineral products ………………………………
Primary metal …………………………………………………
Fabricated metal products …………………………………
Machinery ……………………………………………………
Computer and electronic products …………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance ………………………
Transportation equipment …………………………………
Furniture and related products ……………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing ………………………………
Unclassified ……………………………………………………
1
2
2
( )
26
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
5
2009
2010
2011
2
( )
7,519
2
2009
2010
2011
2
( )
8,685
2
( )
7,679
5,269
5,879
2,841
6,163
Table 3. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest three-digit NAICS
industries, 2010–2011
Industry
NAICS
code
2010
Events
Separations
2011
Rank1
Events
Separations
Rank1
Total, private nonfarm2 ........................................
…
7,247
1,257,134
…
6,597
1,113,170
…
Total, 50 highest industries ...........................................
…
6,727
1,185,783
…
6,170
1,054,106
…
Administrative and support services ………………………
Heavy and civil engineering construction …………………
Food services and drinking places ………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………
Specialty trade contractors …………………………………
Food manufacturing …………………………………………
Motion picture and sound recording industries …………
Transit and ground passenger transportation ……………
Accommodation ……………………………………………
Social assistance ……………………………………………
561
237
722
541
238
311
512
485
721
624
736
650
385
298
733
298
82
295
179
262
149,191
90,218
97,724
58,798
77,197
57,468
31,006
65,407
37,454
31,450
1
3
2
6
4
7
13
5
9
12
831
605
332
326
579
302
170
215
171
276
161,726
84,095
67,717
60,601
60,139
57,135
52,496
46,364
37,869
33,021
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
General merchandise stores ………………………………
Transportation equipment manufacturing ………………
Amusements, gambling, and recreation …………………
Construction of buildings ……………………………………
Credit intermediation and related activities ………………
Telecommunications ………………………………………
Performing arts and spectator sports ……………………
Machinery manufacturing …………………………………
Computer and electronic product manufacturing ………
Food and beverage stores …………………………………
452
336
713
236
522
517
711
333
334
445
129
188
114
240
136
63
110
105
99
93
46,050
35,809
34,953
30,022
28,632
12,770
13,029
17,774
14,717
21,011
8
10
11
14
15
24
22
17
20
16
96
167
106
193
124
38
122
65
74
58
29,994
29,206
27,488
25,386
21,234
13,432
12,963
12,305
11,973
11,959
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Sports, hobby, music instrument, book stores …………
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ……………
Educational services ………………………………………
Nonstore retailers ……………………………………………
Clothing and clothing accessories stores …………………
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ………………
Apparel manufacturing ……………………………………
Membership associations and organizations ……………
Fabricated metal product manufacturing …………………
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ……………
451
327
611
454
448
424
315
813
332
326
15
113
87
49
51
67
39
80
76
44
5,081
12,843
11,817
13,255
8,731
7,413
5,800
8,881
9,459
4,193
46
23
25
21
30
36
43
29
28
51
43
87
80
51
52
61
26
74
57
43
10,259
10,020
9,973
9,934
9,496
8,764
7,519
7,473
7,294
7,241
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Paper manufacturing ………………………………………
Couriers and messengers …………………………………
Rental and leasing services ………………………………
Wood product manufacturing ………………………………
Hospitals ……………………………………………………
Warehousing and storage …………………………………
Chemical manufacturing ……………………………………
Truck transportation …………………………………………
Insurance carriers and related activities …………………
Textile mills …………………………………………………
322
492
532
321
622
493
325
484
524
313
33
26
45
63
62
23
53
69
91
11
4,431
8,628
7,510
7,468
10,396
2,506
7,109
8,471
16,683
2,011
50
31
34
35
26
63
37
32
18
68
38
20
42
43
47
40
43
47
42
18
6,682
6,579
6,515
6,343
6,259
6,139
6,119
5,882
5,753
5,648
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Repair and maintenance ……………………………………
Publishing industries, except Internet ……………………
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods ……………………
Building material and garden supply stores ………………
Primary metal manufacturing ………………………………
Printing and related support activities ……………………
Ambulatory health care services …………………………
Furniture and related product manufacturing ……………
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing …………
Electrical equipment and appliance mfg. …………………
811
511
423
444
331
323
621
337
312
335
35
53
61
49
62
48
26
40
26
35
5,924
6,369
7,634
15,206
9,821
5,934
2,930
6,894
6,811
4,894
42
40
33
19
27
41
58
38
39
48
37
42
47
41
33
41
36
37
29
23
5,196
5,024
5,001
4,897
4,873
4,652
4,568
4,326
4,320
4,254
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
Industries are ranked by number of separations in 2011.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
6
Table 4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS industries, 2009–2011
2009
Industry
2010
2011
NAICS code
Separations
Rank
1
Separations
Rank
1
Separations
Rank1
Total, private nonfarm2 ...............................................
…
2,108,202
…
1,257,134
…
1,113,170
…
Total, 50 highest industries .............................................
…
928,758
…
743,342
…
706,324
…
Temporary help services ………………………………………
Motion picture and video production …………………………
Highway, street, and bridge construction ……………………
Food service contractors ………………………………………
School and employee bus transportation ……………………
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels ……………………
Child day care services …………………………………………
Fruit and vegetable canning ……………………………………
Discount department stores ……………………………………
Professional employer organizations …………………………
561320
512110
237310
722310
485410
721110
624410
311421
452112
561330
114,884
10,626
50,359
62,893
58,057
38,589
20,031
16,855
24,305
71,552
1
41
6
3
4
7
16
20
12
2
58,669
30,245
50,292
58,360
61,612
29,742
18,983
20,421
26,826
33,908
2
6
4
3
1
7
12
10
8
5
94,113
48,952
46,198
43,395
41,038
25,132
19,766
17,857
16,989
16,924
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tax preparation services ………………………………………
Power and communication system construction ……………
Commercial building construction ……………………………
Payroll services …………………………………………………
Casino hotels ……………………………………………………
Skiing facilities ……………………………………………………
Oil and gas pipeline construction ………………………………
Commercial banking ……………………………………………
Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors ……………
Amusement and theme parks …………………………………
541213
237130
236220
541214
721120
713920
237120
522110
238222
713110
29,724
11,139
22,547
9,678
19,424
12,035
16,308
27,067
14,772
19,481
9
37
14
46
18
33
21
11
26
17
23,971
12,643
14,572
8,482
7,587
17,154
11,568
13,193
12,267
11,799
9
19
16
32
33
14
23
18
20
22
15,987
15,248
13,867
13,113
12,737
12,620
12,606
11,391
11,363
11,277
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Supermarkets and other grocery stores ………………………
Seafood product preparation and packaging ………………
Industrial building construction …………………………………
Nonresidential electrical contractors …………………………
Full-service restaurants …………………………………………
Telemarketing and other contact centers ……………………
Book stores ………………………………………………………
Landscaping services …………………………………………
Employment placement agencies ……………………………
Mail-order houses ………………………………………………
445110
311710
236210
238212
722511
561422
451211
561730
561311
454113
13,227
10,684
15,954
21,924
10,597
13,770
904
8,318
3,602
12,017
30
40
22
15
42
28
368
55
120
34
19,883
10,353
12,253
17,476
14,858
11,358
921
7,482
4,101
9,726
11
27
21
13
15
25
218
35
59
30
11,116
10,955
9,875
9,586
9,516
8,872
8,718
7,920
7,386
7,273
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Couriers and express delivery services ………………………
Nonresidential site preparation contractors …………………
Satellite telecommunications …………………………………
Department stores, except discount …………………………
Other individual and family services …………………………
Nonresidential drywall contractors ……………………………
General medical and surgical hospitals ………………………
Warehouse clubs and supercenters …………………………
Poultry processing ………………………………………………
Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing …………………
492110
238912
517410
452111
624190
238312
622110
452910
311615
333112
15,237
8,097
808
24,151
5,857
12,564
13,913
7,076
4,638
2,045
24
56
398
13
78
32
27
65
95
199
8,628
5,730
31
44
575
24
41
37
29
36
111
74
6,579
6,557
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
All other nonresidential trade contractors ……………………
Aircraft manufacturing …………………………………………
General warehousing and storage ……………………………
Facilities support services ………………………………………
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing …………………………
Family clothing stores …………………………………………
Other heavy construction ………………………………………
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills ……………………………………
Women’s, girls’, infants’ cut-sew apparel mfg. ………………
Limited-service restaurants ……………………………………
238992
336411
493110
561210
327320
448140
237990
313110
315240
722513
8,013
15,264
7,186
3,246
8,767
11,025
7,406
3,154
4,082
4,906
57
23
63
131
52
38
60
137
108
87
51
76
116
43
38
55
28
159
133
26
5,602
5,451
5,310
5,289
5,253
5,095
5,064
5,022
1
Industries are ranked by number of separations in 2011.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
7
3
( )
11,360
6,089
6,852
10,158
7,161
1,946
3,244
5,214
3,188
1,904
5,836
6,833
4,706
10,287
1,308
( 3)
10,490
3
( )
6,538
6,535
6,268
5,939
5,904
5,883
5,722
( 3)
4,960
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Table 5. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2011
Layoff events
Separations
Initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Reason for layoff1
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons1 ................
11,824
7,247
6,597
2,108,202
1,257,134
1,113,170
2,442,000
1,415,766
1,293,590
Business demand ....................................................
5,403
2,515
2,344
824,834
384,565
366,629
1,142,076
510,367
528,931
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion ..............................................
Domestic competition ............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ........................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown .........................................
250
1,210
12
84
22
148
1,146
8
13
7
118
1,435
5
12
5
39,104
212,535
1,200
15,942
3,192
23,861
193,450
2,231
2,055
1,199
17,944
249,251
489
2,974
1,214
46,701
274,123
1,620
32,904
3,007
25,207
263,450
2,458
3,359
1,006
20,586
380,365
814
1,410
1,140
3,825
1,193
769
552,861
161,769
94,757
783,721
214,887
124,616
Organizational changes ...........................................
573
397
313
120,233
79,784
56,533
136,646
80,334
53,686
Business-ownership change .................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..........
113
460
96
301
75
238
34,875
85,358
32,543
47,241
17,581
38,952
21,153
115,493
13,974
66,360
8,834
44,852
Financial issues .......................................................
1,074
511
415
228,499
86,637
76,335
245,010
104,848
77,597
Bankruptcy ............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........
Financial difficulty ..................................................
178
615
281
60
291
160
76
211
128
69,323
92,666
66,510
15,157
39,577
31,903
19,301
30,503
26,531
55,667
133,786
55,557
9,062
66,898
28,888
12,867
41,670
23,060
Production specific ...................................................
62
54
94
12,866
7,830
16,180
10,876
8,576
18,513
Automation/technological advances ......................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............
Material or supply shortage ...................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ....................
Product line discontinued ......................................
5
9
( 2)
744
1,002
( 2)
956
1,246
( 2)
( 2)
15
7
( 2)
18
7
( 2)
4,854
1,584
( 2)
2,971
1,335
( 2)
2,079
1,281
( 2)
4
9
4
( 2)
1,195
1,201
2,595
( 2)
795
1,073
385
( 2)
1,482
2,589
2,756
2,457
3,283
2,436
( 2)
3,227
1,138
( 2)
5
8
16
( 2)
15
10
23
13
14
10
( 2)
1,065
1,239
2,312
( 2)
1,214
1,878
463
( 2)
2,736
2,407
3,740
2,831
2,793
2,659
Disaster/safety .........................................................
19
24
31
3,985
3,202
5,046
2,446
3,225
5,128
Hazardous work environment ................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................
Nonnatural disaster ...............................................
Extreme weather-related event .............................
3
–
6
10
( 2)
5
( 2)
1,085
785
( 2)
( 2)
21
( 2)
1,038
1,723
( 2)
( 2)
3,206
484
–
754
1,208
( 2)
( 2)
10
11
545
–
697
2,743
( 2)
1,209
1,496
( 2)
( 2)
3,421
Seasonal .................................................................
2,211
2,417
2,285
409,788
429,847
393,087
394,944
442,818
409,428
Seasonal ..............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .........
1,714
497
1,932
485
1,851
434
318,120
91,668
353,375
76,472
322,781
70,306
306,841
88,103
357,211
85,607
331,584
77,844
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
2,482
1,329
1,115
507,997
265,269
199,360
510,002
265,598
200,307
Other ....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ....................................
Data not provided: Does not know ........................
126
557
1,799
66
320
943
103
268
744
19,539
142,006
346,452
9,434
80,333
175,502
13,791
63,112
122,457
21,562
141,925
346,515
9,703
80,324
175,571
14,954
63,065
122,288
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
8
Table 6. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2011
Layoff events
Industry
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Total, private nonfarm .......................................................................
166
4,146
31,135
688,948
27,356
856,806
Mining .............................................................................................
Utilities ............................................................................................
Construction ....................................................................................
Manufacturing .................................................................................
Food ............................................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products .................................................
Textile mills .................................................................................
Textile product mills ....................................................................
Apparel .......................................................................................
Leather and allied products ........................................................
Wood products ...........................................................................
Paper ..........................................................................................
Printing and related support activities .........................................
Petroleum and coal products ......................................................
–
–
4
92
15
–
–
24
6
872
791
120
14
16
10
19
–
–
537
18,589
2,517
–
–
3,520
548
109,982
120,349
17,489
1,777
5,530
1,651
5,585
–
–
393
16,134
2,668
–
–
2,706
737
140,128
138,939
20,173
1,958
10,697
2,344
5,813
1
Chemicals ...................................................................................
Plastics and rubber products ......................................................
Nonmetallic mineral products .....................................................
Primary metal ..............................................................................
Fabricated metal products ..........................................................
Machinery ...................................................................................
Computer and electronic products ..............................................
Electrical equipment and appliance ............................................
Transportation equipment ...........................................................
Furniture and related products ....................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing .....................................................
Wholesale trade ..............................................................................
Retail trade .....................................................................................
Transportation and warehousing ....................................................
Information ......................................................................................
Finance and insurance ...................................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing .................................................
Professional and technical services ................................................
Management of companies and enterprises ...................................
Administrative and waste services ..................................................
Educational services .......................................................................
Health care and social assistance ..................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................................
Accommodation and food services .................................................
Other services, except public administration ..................................
Unclassified ....................................................................................
1
2
( )
2
( )
( 2)
3
3
5
–
( 2)
31
31
25
( 2)
5
6
Work moved
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
381
885
1,027
–
33
34
46
32
50
47
65
17
145
30
23
472
2,560
2,085
2,370
894
1,558
1,818
( 2)
–
–
3
82
269
138
265
171
50
248
17
691
50
159
60
203
48
–
2
( 2)
( 2)
4
6
9
4
14
6
4
9
13
6
9
10
( 2)
4
( 2)
12
–
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
9
( 2)
( 2)
717
832
1,978
1,187
3,084
801
711
Work not
moved or
unknown
( 2)
4,702
5,232
2,454
( 2)
5,162
4,436
4,716
4,652
6,142
8,420
9,995
2,337
24,116
3,373
2,296
Work moved
2
( )
2
( )
( 2)
293
601
1,401
–
463
802
( 2)
( 2)
760
1,034
1,509
1,375
2,458
687
462
Work not
moved or
unknown
( 2)
5,662
4,173
2,893
( 2)
5,145
4,596
5,438
4,704
7,007
8,922
8,821
2,684
31,130
3,887
2,619
1,611
2,520
910
1,754
1,152
( 2)
–
–
429
8,424
54,136
24,973
72,846
27,597
7,126
41,496
2,049
140,618
6,975
19,398
6,090
36,840
5,797
( 2)
–
–
296
8,554
58,851
27,267
121,244
37,201
8,782
52,514
2,953
176,691
8,001
18,883
9,050
36,649
7,410
–
184
–
246
( 2)
784
( 2)
1,627
–
( 2)
674
( 2)
1,503
–
Table 7. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2011
Layoff events
Reason for layoff
Work moved
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
31,135
688,948
Total, private nonfarm1 ............................................
166
4,146
Business demand ..............................................................
34
2,310
9,121
Contract cancellation ......................................................
Contract completion .......................................................
Domestic competition .....................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ................................
Import competition ..........................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..................................................
8
7
2
( )
2
( )
2
( )
110
1,428
1,452
( )
2,083
2
( )
( 2)
2
( )
14
755
3,004
Organizational changes .....................................................
69
244
Business-ownership change ..........................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ...................
9
60
66
178
Financial issues .................................................................
43
Bankruptcy .....................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ................
Financial difficulty ...........................................................
( 2)
38
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
27,356
856,806
357,508
7,241
521,690
16,492
247,168
1,137
19,449
378,619
( )
1,746
2
( )
2
( )
2
( )
91,753
3,198
121,418
10,861
45,672
10,181
43,505
1,878
8,983
15,703
29,969
1,115
9,066
7,719
35,786
372
7,763
68,572
6,992
70,605
75
173
124
( 2)
6,863
( 2)
6,127
( 2)
19,121
23,640
25,811
( 2)
12,659
35,543
22,403
2
( )
11
2
( 2)
Work not
moved or
unknown
2
( )
1,274
2
2
( )
1,195
2
( )
Production specific ............................................................
6
88
1,213
14,967
797
17,716
Automation/technological advances ...............................
Energy related ................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...........................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ......................
Material or supply shortage ............................................
Model changeover ..........................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ............................
Product line discontinued ...............................................
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
2
( 2)
( 2)
( )
15
9
22
13
13
8
Disaster/safety ...................................................................
3
Hazardous work environment .........................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ............................
Nonnatural disaster ........................................................
Extreme weather-related event ......................................
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
Other/miscellaneous ..........................................................
Other ..............................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .............................................
Data not provided: Does not know .................................
1
2
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
2,736
2,325
3,613
2,831
2,587
2,360
4,339
684
4,444
563
397
( 2)
( 2)
3,021
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
3,125
1,470
197,890
1,461
198,846
645
13,146
62,837
121,907
502
14,452
62,855
121,539
( 2)
( 2)
( )
1,482
2,355
2,522
2,457
3,083
1,959
28
707
4
( 2)
( 2)
19
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
11
1,104
5
98
266
740
( 2)
( 2)
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
10
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
Table 8. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2011
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
United States1 ...........................................................
166
4,146
31,135
688,948
27,356
856,806
Northeast ............................................................................
38
676
7,748
89,233
6,497
115,440
New England ...................................................................
Middle Atlantic .................................................................
12
26
96
580
3,232
4,516
14,375
74,858
1,999
4,498
12,437
103,003
South ...................................................................................
44
912
7,744
151,552
7,082
172,207
South Atlantic ..................................................................
East South Central ..........................................................
West South Central ........................................................
20
14
10
496
182
234
2,977
2,934
1,833
78,167
30,164
43,221
3,603
2,228
1,251
93,693
30,677
47,837
Midwest ...............................................................................
41
696
7,259
117,762
6,925
126,438
East North Central ..........................................................
West North Central .........................................................
28
13
580
116
5,076
2,183
100,652
17,110
4,265
2,660
108,248
18,190
West ....................................................................................
43
1,862
8,384
330,401
6,852
442,721
Mountain .........................................................................
Pacific ..............................................................................
7
36
177
1,685
1,363
7,021
30,666
299,735
884
5,968
27,544
415,177
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia,
Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and
Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin;
West North Central—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
11
Table 9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates
by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2011
Initial claims for unemployment
insurance
Characteristic
Work moved
1
Total, private nonfarm …………………………
Work not
moved or
unknown
Final payments for
unemployment insurance
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
27,356
856,806
9,798
145,206
35.8
16.9
3,738
8,490
7,840
7,247
41
190,617
301,577
210,328
152,381
1,903
1,334
2,943
2,628
2,877
16
32,218
48,245
33,851
30,671
221
35.7
34.7
33.5
39.7
39.0
16.9
16.0
16.1
20.1
11.6
16,073
11,243
40
542,539
312,292
1,975
5,546
4,240
12
81,763
63,184
259
34.5
37.7
30.0
15.1
20.2
13.1
15,386
4,785
2,837
211
1,562
2,575
451,757
118,713
184,709
6,337
31,128
64,162
5,126
1,954
1,041
63
530
1,084
69,576
27,487
29,808
1,099
5,694
11,542
33.3
40.8
36.7
29.9
33.9
42.1
15.4
23.2
16.1
17.3
18.3
18.0
Age
Under 30 years of age ………………………………
30–44 …………………………………………….……
45–54 …………………………………………………
55 years of age or over ……………………………..
Not available …………………………………………
Gender
Male ……………………………………………………
Female …………………………………………………
Not available …………………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White ………………………………………………….
Black ……………………………………………………
Hispanic origin …………………………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native …………………
Asian or Pacific Islander ………………………………
Not available …………………………………………
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
12
Table 10. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2009–2011
Layoff events
Separations
Action
2009
1
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
Total private nonfarm ……………………………………………
11,824
7,247
6,597
2,108,202
1,257,134
1,113,170
Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2……………
9,613
4,830
4,312
1,698,414
827,287
720,083
351
229
166
61,694
39,104
31,135
Movement of work actions ……………………………
491
318
233
( )
( )
( )
With separations reported …………………………
317
201
116
32,228
18,622
14,870
With separations unknown …………………………
174
117
117
( )
3
Total, movement of work …………………………………
4
4
4
4
( )
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either "seasonal work" or "vacation period."
3
Movement of work can involve more than one action.
4
Data are not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
13
4
4
( )
Table 11. Movement-of-work actions by type of separation, where number of separations is known by employers, 2009–2011
Actions1
Separations
Activities
2009
2
With separations reported …………………………………..…
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
317
201
116
32,228
18,622
14,870
Out-of-country relocations ……………………………...........
Within company …………………………………..…………
Different company …………..................…………………..
81
72
9
46
36
10
25
19
6
10,378
9,630
748
5,336
3,548
1,788
3,826
3,358
468
Domestic relocations ………......................………………….
Within company …………………………………….………
Different company ……………………………….…………
234
206
28
155
137
18
90
74
16
21,555
18,184
3,371
13,286
11,128
2,158
10,897
8,721
2,176
Unable to assign place of relocation ………………………...
2
–
1
295
–
147
Within company ………………............................……………
Domestic ……………………..............................…………
Out of country ……………….........................………………
Unable to assign …………………………………………....
280
206
72
2
173
137
36
–
94
74
19
1
28,109
18,184
9,630
295
14,676
11,128
3,548
–
12,226
8,721
3,358
147
Different company ……………………………………….........
Domestic ………………………………………………….....
Out of country …………………………………………….....
Unable to assign …………………………………………....
37
28
9
–
28
18
10
–
22
16
6
–
4,119
3,371
748
–
3,946
2,158
1,788
–
2,644
2,176
468
–
By location
By company
1
Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
14
Table 12. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2011
Layoff events
Number of workers
Separations
1
Number
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
1
Number
Percent
2011
2009
2010
Percent
2011
2009
2010
2011
Total, private nonfarm 2………
11,824
7,247
6,597
100.0
100.0
100.0
2,108,202
1,257,134
1,113,170
100.0
100.0
100.0
50–99 ……………………………
100–149 …………………………
150–199 …………………………
200–299 …………………………
300–499 …………………………
500–999 …………………………
1,000 or more ……………………
5,141
2,688
1,315
1,332
782
377
189
3,280
1,611
797
728
467
248
116
2,951
1,485
728
689
432
211
101
43.5
22.7
11.1
11.3
6.6
3.2
1.6
45.3
22.2
11.0
10.0
6.4
3.4
1.6
44.7
22.5
11.0
10.4
6.5
3.2
1.5
364,793
315,984
219,986
311,322
286,340
250,354
359,423
229,539
188,507
133,990
169,636
172,271
169,046
194,145
206,178
174,375
121,950
160,053
157,262
140,080
153,272
17.3
15.0
10.4
14.8
13.6
11.9
17.0
18.3
15.0
10.7
13.5
13.7
13.4
15.4
18.5
15.7
11.0
14.4
14.1
12.6
13.8
1
Because of rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
15
Table 13. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector, 2003–2011
Average number of separations
Measure
2003
Total, private nonfarm1 ........................................................
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
197
198
181
192
180
184
178
173
169
Industry
Mining ……………………………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………………………
Information ………………………………………………………………
158
135
140
183
181
308
250
259
153
228
137
173
169
418
213
215
134
140
127
173
131
237
225
202
173
154
119
200
166
320
223
168
138
131
114
177
132
415
212
144
166
185
119
187
133
252
209
187
162
174
122
174
137
229
201
172
135
164
122
159
116
256
197
246
134
159
123
166
128
214
197
264
Finance and insurance …………………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………………
Professional and technical services …………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………………………
Administrative and waste services ……………………………………
Educational services ……………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………………………
Other services, except public administration ………………………
Unclassified establishments …………………………………………
193
166
194
195
222
182
137
275
215
132
161
216
299
220
176
208
89
156
273
219
169
125
172
140
268
156
185
238
140
386
210
145
200
193
102
286
143
192
102
130
331
235
132
–
177
137
288
146
162
130
155
325
211
141
212
229
125
262
154
210
128
139
293
222
125
210
206
132
195
168
227
142
137
228
239
133
133
191
148
197
178
201
136
126
213
240
131
–
162
143
186
120
194
125
120
178
210
117
92
Business demand ..........................................................................
Contract cancellation .................................................................
Contract completion ...................................................................
Domestic competition .................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................
Import competition ......................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..............................................................
168
297
170
181
166
220
154
161
168
144
152
138
( 2)
( 2)
214
( 2)
( 2)
158
( 2)
( 2)
198
( 2)
( 2)
163
131
153
120
118
195
159
153
172
142
202
203
179
153
156
176
100
190
145
153
161
169
279
158
171
156
152
174
98
248
243
143
132
131
152
137
154
145
136
123
Organizational changes ................................................................
Business-ownership change ......................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............................
209
271
198
200
238
191
188
222
179
251
336
229
313
722
173
239
488
184
210
309
186
201
339
157
181
234
164
Financial issues ............................................................................
Bankruptcy .................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................
Financial difficulty ......................................................................
261
341
205
224
207
238
228
283
( 2)
217
( 2)
197
( 2)
187
( 2)
209
223
267
196
232
217
298
153
259
213
389
151
237
170
253
136
199
184
254
145
207
Production specific ........................................................................
Automation/technological advances ..........................................
Energy related ............................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................................
Material or supply shortage ........................................................
Model changeover .....................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................................
Product line discontinued ...........................................................
308
203
172
425
220
–
237
181
246
321
134
150
( 2)
861
121
368
138
177
( 2)
966
77
269
148
204
( 2)
344
138
362
133
186
( 2)
629
149
475
183
269
234
231
392
188
274
89
723
185
177
254
142
131
262
481
230
206
209
192
208
149
110
324
226
117
239
150
162
145
111
53
165
191
108
199
119
96
172
138
73
99
259
120
189
235
244
Disaster/safety ..............................................................................
Hazardous work environment ....................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................................
Nonnatural disaster ....................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................................
175
209
252
168
162
134
459
138
130
123
155
255
254
165
154
123
172
168
309
95
106
120
202
95
94
158
120
127
275
151
210
182
–
116
274
133
107
228
104
157
163
217
175
115
153
Seasonal .......................................................................................
Seasonal ....................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .............................
201
202
193
197
199
160
195
197
156
206
209
157
194
196
184
198
206
169
185
186
184
178
183
158
172
174
162
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................................
Other ..........................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................................
201
175
218
174
213
218
227
178
208
178
238
184
213
195
244
177
167
163
186
158
195
167
265
178
205
155
255
193
200
143
251
186
179
134
235
165
Domestic relocation ......................................................................
Overseas relocation ......................................................................
161
213
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
229
183
201
214
181
222
192
178
187
248
185
200
212
180
167
240
179
186
216
172
175
198
162
181
209
163
172
Reason for layoff
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ………………………………………………………
Recall expected …………………………………………………………
No recall expected ………………………………………………………
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Use of this reason began with data from the first quarter of 2007.
3
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the technical note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
16
Table 14. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private
nonfarm sector, 2010–2011
Layoff events
State
2010
2011
Total, private nonfarm ..........
7,247
6,597
1,415,766
Alabama .......................................
Alaska ..........................................
Arizona .........................................
Arkansas ......................................
California ......................................
Colorado ......................................
Connecticut ..................................
Delaware ......................................
District of Columbia ......................
Florida ..........................................
Georgia ........................................
Hawaii ..........................................
Idaho ............................................
47
48
73
31
1,984
73
64
15
12
264
76
10
31
41
35
67
51
1,868
49
49
20
13
219
129
10
39
Illinois ...........................................
Indiana .........................................
Iowa .............................................
Kansas .........................................
Kentucky ......................................
Louisiana ......................................
Maine ...........................................
Maryland ......................................
Massachusetts .............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
460
114
33
49
92
89
31
79
82
162
128
41
156
Montana .......................................
Nebraska .....................................
Nevada ........................................
New Hampshire ............................
New Jersey ..................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York .....................................
North Carolina ..............................
North Dakota ................................
Ohio .............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon .........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ...............................
Tennessee ...................................
Texas ...........................................
Utah .............................................
Vermont .......................................
Virginia .........................................
Washington ..................................
West Virginia ................................
Wisconsin ....................................
Wyoming ......................................
1
Puerto Rico ..................................
Percent of total
Total initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
2010
2011
Hispanic
origin
Black
Women
People age 55
and older
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
1,293,590
15.2
14.5
19.6
20.1
40.2
40.2
20.0
20.2
12,741
11,055
12,844
7,586
431,866
9,806
12,011
1,717
1,501
64,522
14,096
1,143
3,989
10,561
8,604
12,452
9,575
450,069
6,822
6,953
3,391
1,735
36,349
28,739
1,639
5,163
50.1
6.8
8.3
22.6
8.9
5.1
16.5
38.1
69.4
18.1
51.7
1.7
.1
47.0
8.0
8.8
31.0
8.0
4.3
16.7
42.5
69.8
20.5
42.4
.9
.2
1.9
15.4
37.3
3.9
36.0
25.8
13.3
9.1
7.2
29.3
3.9
7.3
9.9
2.0
16.1
38.4
7.2
35.3
29.7
16.3
9.3
8.7
27.9
6.0
10.0
10.9
50.8
30.0
49.6
45.1
40.4
40.7
49.8
45.2
60.5
44.2
49.3
37.2
35.0
50.9
29.2
52.1
51.9
39.8
38.8
52.3
44.1
53.3
46.3
47.1
42.1
31.8
16.1
24.0
16.7
20.2
16.6
19.1
23.3
27.7
20.9
20.7
19.3
23.5
20.5
16.3
23.4
17.7
18.8
16.6
19.8
25.0
18.2
21.1
24.8
20.2
20.6
20.2
430
109
34
41
100
95
29
70
76
160
127
40
122
86,397
20,314
8,545
8,996
11,500
14,075
4,576
11,280
11,831
23,278
18,515
4,979
23,824
79,988
22,048
7,239
5,173
11,810
14,440
3,930
9,728
10,766
26,167
19,154
5,102
19,079
17.9
11.9
2.9
10.6
11.0
55.4
2.1
47.4
12.1
12.2
5.5
60.5
18.8
18.2
10.3
5.1
12.5
13.1
50.1
1.0
48.9
11.1
12.4
5.6
72.9
21.4
15.5
2.9
5.5
5.7
.1
4.0
.3
2.4
1.7
5.8
7.0
2.3
1.4
15.9
3.0
4.4
4.7
.2
4.1
.4
2.3
1.1
5.0
6.8
2.3
1.9
37.3
28.9
36.4
43.3
29.8
46.0
42.4
44.6
44.2
39.6
22.2
40.5
48.6
36.6
28.1
38.5
45.4
34.5
44.8
35.9
45.6
49.5
39.7
21.2
48.1
54.6
17.9
19.7
22.1
21.9
18.6
17.6
23.6
23.0
23.7
19.1
20.0
16.4
26.4
18.7
18.3
26.1
24.0
16.9
24.3
27.8
22.4
23.5
19.7
19.8
15.3
28.1
31
24
80
18
224
45
642
126
21
318
13
94
444
26
25
60
14
251
44
472
91
13
276
25
103
365
3,336
2,827
16,845
2,789
44,875
6,000
118,151
33,151
3,005
54,566
3,156
22,378
85,827
2,663
2,895
12,194
2,084
43,842
5,328
89,958
21,336
1,816
47,076
3,108
24,346
66,778
.4
7.1
8.6
.7
20.4
2.5
15.8
45.8
1.4
11.7
14.2
1.7
8.6
.5
8.6
9.6
.8
20.6
1.8
14.8
40.8
.8
11.9
14.9
2.3
10.1
3.4
5.7
28.0
1.5
8.0
45.1
15.9
7.9
2.6
3.2
4.3
20.4
3.6
3.8
8.7
27.2
2.5
8.8
49.9
14.5
9.1
4.2
3.7
6.6
22.2
4.6
30.8
44.7
35.3
51.1
55.3
36.1
41.2
43.3
15.6
30.6
44.2
45.9
37.0
30.5
34.1
39.4
45.3
52.8
42.9
41.4
41.4
10.9
29.8
45.5
45.5
39.1
26.2
28.8
19.8
30.9
28.3
19.1
25.2
16.5
21.6
21.8
15.0
21.9
26.7
23.4
28.5
21.3
31.3
27.9
18.2
23.3
21.8
23.1
20.2
21.5
21.3
27.6
25
87
18
38
4,126
16,608
2,891
6,505
( 2)
95
180
39
15
109
139
21
205
( 2)
80
144
37
27
99
137
23
199
( 2)
19,671
43,421
6,482
2,216
21,953
24,967
3,347
41,784
( 2)
15,227
33,092
4,973
3,926
19,374
25,181
3,251
37,853
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
3.4
60.4
4.8
29.1
17.7
.7
.6
40.6
5.8
.1
8.1
1.3
3.5
62.9
4.7
27.1
17.0
1.3
1.0
44.7
5.1
.2
7.9
1.3
16.2
1.5
12.4
.1
43.7
11.2
.4
4.6
17.4
.1
8.4
6.8
15.1
3.5
11.8
.1
44.4
13.7
.4
4.9
18.8
–
7.3
5.2
70.0
49.6
69.7
47.5
33.4
23.1
45.6
43.8
35.5
12.9
36.9
35.6
69.5
56.3
74.8
46.9
33.8
25.9
45.5
47.9
35.2
7.5
34.3
33.5
34.9
11.5
16.6
25.5
14.6
16.8
24.7
21.8
16.4
13.8
21.8
20.3
36.1
19.5
22.0
30.7
16.7
14.4
25.3
19.5
18.6
13.5
23.4
21.2
48
64
14,154
18,625
.1
.1
99.4
99.4
51.8
57.5
7.4
9.5
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
17
Table 15. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2011
Percent of total race/ethnicity1
Measure
White
Hispanic
origin
Black
American Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian or Pacific
Islander
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
54.1
54.6
15.2
14.5
19.6
20.1
.8
.8
3.5
3.4
Mining ……………………………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………………………
Information ………………………………………………………………
74.0
78.0
67.1
55.2
48.1
48.5
50.3
65.4
80.1
81.9
68.4
53.1
46.8
52.6
54.8
69.9
2.9
7.5
5.9
13.6
11.2
18.7
23.0
10.8
2.1
7.6
6.3
15.0
15.5
18.9
23.3
8.8
9.3
8.5
20.4
18.5
28.2
21.2
17.4
10.9
5.5
4.7
19.3
20.3
26.9
17.5
13.3
10.0
4.5
.5
1.2
.6
.4
.8
.5
.6
3.3
.5
1.0
.7
.3
.7
.5
.5
1.3
2.0
.9
5.7
4.4
3.0
2.4
3.9
.5
1.9
.8
5.3
3.1
2.6
2.0
3.3
Finance and insurance …………………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………………
Professional and technical services …………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………………………
Administrative and waste services ……………………………………
Educational services ……………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………………………
Other services, except public administration …………………………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………………………
45.6
58.3
59.9
58.3
43.9
42.4
40.0
62.2
48.8
39.9
–
45.9
55.9
62.9
51.4
37.5
43.6
41.5
59.1
49.9
45.2
41.1
17.1
10.9
11.7
15.9
20.2
22.2
22.6
13.0
19.6
28.4
–
17.7
14.5
11.0
15.0
15.6
22.0
22.3
14.5
19.8
26.6
15.4
18.9
16.8
14.3
14.1
25.1
21.6
25.7
14.6
20.0
19.8
–
19.5
13.4
12.9
20.0
34.4
19.7
25.3
16.1
18.7
17.0
28.9
.5
.8
.6
.4
.7
.7
.9
.5
.7
1.3
–
.5
2.3
.7
.4
.8
.5
.9
.6
.8
1.3
2.4
7.3
2.8
5.0
7.5
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.2
4.0
2.8
–
7.3
2.8
4.0
7.5
4.2
5.1
3.3
2.3
3.7
2.5
4.9
Business demand ............................................................................
Contract cancellation ....................................................................
Contract completion .....................................................................
Domestic competition ...................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ..............................................
Import competition ........................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ................................................................
57.6
46.1
59.0
72.5
58.2
71.7
56.6
41.2
56.5
51.2
54.5
66.6
12.5
22.5
11.0
12.9
17.4
13.2
11.6
20.1
9.2
33.5
19.2
16.8
19.6
18.6
20.8
8.7
16.5
1.7
21.7
26.2
23.7
11.8
19.4
4.1
.9
.7
1.1
.3
.4
.1
.7
1.3
.8
.5
.3
.6
3.0
3.9
2.4
2.1
.9
5.2
3.0
3.9
3.2
.4
.6
9.6
57.0
59.2
13.2
17.3
18.5
15.2
.6
.6
3.6
2.4
Organizational changes ...................................................................
Business-ownership change ........................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ................................
49.9
49.6
49.9
50.2
48.9
50.5
17.4
14.0
18.1
16.7
19.2
16.2
18.8
22.6
18.0
18.4
18.1
18.4
.6
.6
.5
.5
.4
.6
5.3
4.6
5.4
5.8
3.9
6.2
Financial issues ...............................................................................
Bankruptcy ...................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ..............................
Financial difficulty .........................................................................
47.3
60.5
47.3
43.0
52.2
56.6
50.0
53.6
20.1
12.5
22.3
17.4
17.9
12.8
19.6
17.6
17.8
14.2
17.4
19.9
15.0
14.3
15.8
13.9
.7
.6
.8
.6
.6
.5
.7
.5
5.0
2.7
5.0
5.8
5.6
6.5
6.0
4.3
Production specific ..........................................................................
Automation/technological advances .............................................
Energy related ..............................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ........................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ....................................
Material or supply shortage ..........................................................
Model changeover ........................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..........................................
Product line discontinued .............................................................
54.6
58.3
88.7
51.1
58.1
91.5
52.2
48.9
48.6
52.8
50.4
77.5
42.5
79.5
74.3
49.1
24.6
43.0
16.4
9.6
3.0
35.1
8.7
2.4
11.6
14.2
5.6
17.6
15.6
5.6
13.8
13.8
11.1
14.4
43.1
12.1
15.4
13.2
.6
7.7
10.8
.8
22.9
21.5
36.9
17.2
23.0
3.4
25.1
4.6
3.3
25.1
19.5
27.2
1.2
.8
.6
.2
.5
.4
.6
4.0
–
1.6
.3
1.1
.5
.2
.8
.7
6.6
1.7
2.7
3.9
–
1.9
1.2
–
5.3
2.2
4.3
4.5
5.2
6.7
8.9
.2
2.2
4.5
3.1
8.2
Disaster/safety .................................................................................
Hazardous work environment ......................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..........................................
Nonnatural disaster ......................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ....................................................
69.5
63.1
26.2
77.4
71.6
62.3
26.6
71.3
37.9
70.8
14.4
–
67.1
13.8
8.7
18.9
13.8
2.2
54.2
20.3
5.6
6.3
2.8
4.5
6.7
4.3
9.7
2.2
4.7
3.4
.5
1.1
.4
.7
.3
.5
.9
.6
.7
.4
3.2
.4
2.0
.7
5.9
2.9
1.0
18.8
–
.5
Seasonal .........................................................................................
Seasonal ......................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ...............................
58.4
59.4
53.9
58.3
58.5
57.4
14.2
12.5
21.2
15.6
14.0
22.4
18.7
18.9
17.6
17.8
18.8
13.3
.7
.7
.8
.8
.8
.9
3.0
3.3
1.5
2.8
3.1
1.6
Other/miscellaneous .......................................................................
Other ............................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...........................................................
Data not provided: Does not know ...............................................
44.1
51.8
41.4
44.9
43.7
46.0
42.2
44.1
19.2
9.1
22.6
18.2
17.4
11.5
20.4
16.6
22.6
19.8
23.1
22.5
23.9
25.4
24.3
23.6
.7
2.1
.7
.6
.7
.6
.7
.8
4.1
3.2
4.0
4.2
4.2
2.5
4.5
4.2
Total, private nonfarm2 .........................................................
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
Because of some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
18
Table 16. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2011
Percent of total by age1
Measure
Less than 30 years
30–44
Percent of total by gender1
45–54
55 or older
Men
Women
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
21.8
21.3
32.8
33.5
24.8
24.8
20.0
20.2
59.5
59.6
40.2
40.2
Mining ………………………………………………………
Utilities ………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade ……………………………………………
Retail trade …………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………
Information …………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ……………………………………
14.8
13.8
17.3
12.3
16.0
42.1
12.3
16.6
24.4
14.6
16.4
16.5
13.5
15.3
41.5
12.4
14.4
27.7
34.0
32.9
40.1
31.0
33.5
26.3
28.8
40.1
36.0
34.1
36.7
39.1
31.2
32.4
26.7
28.0
41.6
36.2
28.7
25.4
28.1
30.5
28.4
16.6
26.6
24.9
21.0
28.3
29.2
28.7
30.1
27.3
16.8
25.4
25.8
19.4
22.4
27.6
14.3
24.9
21.5
14.9
32.0
18.1
18.3
23.1
17.4
15.5
24.9
24.8
15.0
33.9
18.1
16.5
91.7
80.6
94.4
66.4
58.9
43.8
49.5
62.2
36.9
94.1
85.1
94.4
63.7
58.4
43.3
47.1
65.3
35.5
6.6
19.2
5.4
33.2
40.6
56.0
50.3
37.7
63.0
5.9
14.7
5.4
36.1
41.6
56.5
52.8
34.6
64.2
Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………
Professional and technical services ……………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………
Administrative and waste services ………………………
Educational services ………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………
Accommodation and food services ………………………
Other services, except public administration …………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
40.9
18.1
14.6
29.9
23.2
19.9
31.6
25.2
21.2
–
31.9
15.1
17.4
30.9
24.8
19.3
31.8
23.9
20.5
40.2
32.7
31.1
32.9
33.6
34.5
36.5
24.9
27.7
33.3
–
33.5
33.4
33.1
33.1
38.9
36.7
24.6
27.9
34.9
32.1
15.7
21.8
27.7
21.6
20.6
24.2
18.3
25.1
23.8
–
21.5
23.1
26.7
21.6
18.6
23.7
17.8
25.3
23.7
17.5
10.5
28.8
24.8
14.7
21.6
19.4
25.0
21.3
20.1
–
13.0
28.3
22.7
14.2
17.5
20.2
25.6
22.8
20.7
10.2
57.5
47.0
52.6
59.6
31.9
15.1
56.6
38.2
40.0
–
66.7
51.2
52.2
59.2
38.9
13.5
56.6
38.4
43.6
52.0
42.3
52.8
47.2
39.9
68.0
84.7
43.3
61.7
59.8
–
33.2
48.6
47.8
40.6
60.9
86.3
43.3
61.5
56.3
48.0
Business demand ........................................................
Contract cancellation .................................................
Contract completion ..................................................
Domestic competition ................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ...........................
Import competition .....................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown .............................................
20.2
21.4
20.8
33.1
23.6
15.2
20.0
21.9
20.6
18.4
20.7
8.1
36.2
29.8
38.1
32.6
28.8
32.7
37.2
31.2
38.3
43.9
31.0
26.3
25.9
24.7
25.4
18.9
23.5
26.1
25.4
23.8
25.0
22.4
27.3
33.9
17.5
22.3
15.5
15.3
24.0
25.9
17.2
22.6
15.8
15.2
20.9
31.7
71.9
56.8
77.7
61.2
65.8
50.9
70.2
54.4
73.0
47.2
65.7
61.9
27.8
42.6
21.9
38.6
34.2
49.1
29.6
45.2
26.8
52.5
34.3
38.1
19.1
18.0
34.7
34.8
26.7
26.8
19.2
20.2
66.9
64.5
32.9
35.2
Organizational changes ...............................................
Business-ownership change .....................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .............
25.2
22.5
25.8
21.6
16.4
22.7
31.6
34.4
31.0
31.5
30.9
31.6
23.4
23.8
23.3
24.5
27.1
23.9
19.5
19.0
19.6
22.1
25.4
21.5
48.4
44.7
49.2
48.9
48.7
48.9
51.1
54.5
50.4
50.9
51.2
50.8
Financial issues ............................................................
Bankruptcy ................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...........
Financial difficulty ......................................................
24.6
34.7
26.3
17.5
22.9
26.5
20.7
24.9
31.8
28.5
31.6
33.4
31.7
30.9
32.0
31.5
23.8
19.7
22.9
27.2
24.1
22.1
25.5
22.9
19.5
16.8
18.9
21.7
21.1
20.3
21.6
20.5
52.0
53.8
50.2
55.6
50.6
49.5
49.1
54.1
47.7
46.0
49.5
44.3
49.1
49.9
50.6
45.8
Production specific .......................................................
Automation/technological advances .........................
Energy related ...........................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .....................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................
Material or supply shortage .......................................
Model changeover ....................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .......................
Product line discontinued ..........................................
25.8
19.1
10.7
21.9
9.4
21.5
63.3
28.0
7.8
23.8
14.6
33.7
32.7
17.0
21.6
28.0
21.7
25.9
32.2
29.9
26.2
35.3
33.9
37.7
21.6
37.6
25.5
31.4
27.7
37.1
33.5
27.5
36.0
30.4
29.4
30.7
23.9
22.8
39.9
24.4
34.1
28.7
8.6
21.7
36.7
26.2
30.3
15.7
17.1
34.9
26.6
28.5
25.5
23.7
17.9
27.9
23.2
18.4
22.1
12.1
6.3
12.7
29.4
17.7
27.4
13.5
16.1
20.6
15.8
12.9
18.4
19.2
57.4
50.5
95.8
37.6
79.8
68.4
43.2
71.7
62.2
56.7
43.5
76.4
47.6
80.4
63.9
57.5
51.0
45.4
42.1
46.6
4.2
62.4
20.2
31.6
56.5
28.1
37.8
43.1
56.5
23.6
52.1
19.6
35.9
42.4
49.0
54.4
Disaster/safety .............................................................
Hazardous work environment ...................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................
Nonnatural disaster ...................................................
Extreme weather-related event .................................
20.9
26.5
15.1
17.3
23.7
18.7
19.0
15.8
15.5
19.4
31.5
40.7
35.3
32.5
28.5
36.4
37.6
29.5
26.0
38.2
25.9
18.7
31.3
31.2
22.1
26.6
27.9
26.2
34.3
25.8
21.7
14.2
18.3
19.0
25.7
18.2
15.2
28.5
23.5
16.5
72.5
85.1
89.7
87.5
55.1
72.9
67.9
79.2
72.9
72.9
27.5
14.9
10.3
12.5
44.9
26.9
31.7
20.8
26.4
27.0
Seasonal ......................................................................
Seasonal ...................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............
19.4
21.3
11.9
19.9
21.5
12.8
30.4
30.9
28.3
30.0
30.3
28.8
25.7
25.3
27.2
25.2
25.0
26.4
24.3
22.4
32.4
24.8
23.2
31.7
52.4
58.8
26.1
51.9
58.4
24.4
47.3
41.0
73.9
48.0
41.6
75.6
Other/miscellaneous ....................................................
Other .........................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .......................................
Data not provided: Does not know ............................
26.8
25.5
31.6
24.6
26.8
23.8
29.8
25.6
31.4
35.4
29.7
32.0
32.1
34.7
31.1
32.3
22.1
22.1
20.1
23.0
22.7
23.8
22.0
23.0
18.1
15.4
15.8
19.3
18.2
17.5
16.7
19.0
53.7
62.5
50.5
54.6
53.8
61.6
50.1
54.7
46.2
37.2
49.4
45.3
46.0
38.2
49.7
45.1
Total, private nonfarm2 .......................................
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
Because of some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
19
Table 17. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by state, private nonfarm sector, 2011
Continued claims without earnings1
State
2
Total, private nonfarm …………………………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,293,590
2,263,144
1.7
208,372
16.1
Alabama …………………………………………………………………
Alaska ……………………………………………………………………
Arizona ……………………………………………………………………
Arkansas …………………………………………………………………
California …………………………………………………………………
Colorado …………………………………………………………………
Connecticut ………………………………………………………………
Delaware …………………………………………………………………
District of Columbia ……………………………………………………
Florida ……………………………………………………………………
Georgia …………………………………………………………………
Hawaii ……………………………………………………………………
Idaho ……………………………………………………………………
10,561
8,604
12,452
9,575
450,069
6,822
6,953
3,391
1,735
36,349
28,739
1,639
5,163
18,849
15,837
26,620
16,023
601,079
18,062
19,327
6,906
5,270
91,495
39,572
3,583
9,346
1.8
1.8
2.1
1.7
1.3
2.6
2.8
2.0
3.0
2.5
1.4
2.2
1.8
1,501
1,682
2,964
1,282
64,137
675
1,838
669
222
11,410
5,971
177
1,043
14.2
19.5
23.8
13.4
14.3
9.9
26.4
19.7
12.8
31.4
20.8
10.8
20.2
Illinois ……………………………………………………………………
Indiana ……………………………………………………………………
Iowa ………………………………………………………………………
Kansas ……………………………………………………………………
Kentucky …………………………………………………………………
Louisiana …………………………………………………………………
Maine ……………………………………………………………………
Maryland …………………………………………………………………
Massachusetts …………………………………………………………
Michigan …………………………………………………………………
Minnesota ………………………………………………………………
Mississippi ………………………………………………………………
Missouri …………………………………………………………………
79,988
22,048
7,239
5,173
11,810
14,440
3,930
9,728
10,766
26,167
19,154
5,102
19,079
165,698
36,690
16,908
12,179
3,631
28,901
9,205
23,050
30,477
58,084
42,356
11,872
34,684
2.1
1.7
2.3
2.4
.3
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.3
1.8
12,421
3,614
913
1,260
2,822
2,298
490
1,680
3,706
4,671
2,372
1,016
1,745
15.5
16.4
12.6
24.4
23.9
15.9
12.5
17.3
34.4
17.9
12.4
19.9
9.1
Montana …………………………………………………………………
Nebraska …………………………………………………………………
Nevada ...........................................................................................
New Hampshire ..............................................................................
New Jersey ....................................................................................
New Mexico ....................................................................................
New York…………………………………………………………………
North Carolina ……………………………………………………………
North Dakota ……………………………………………………………
Ohio ………………………………………………………………………
Oklahoma ………………………………………………………………
Oregon ……………………………………………………………………
Pennsylvania ……………………………………………………………
2,663
2,895
12,194
2,084
43,842
5,328
89,958
21,336
1,816
47,076
3,108
24,346
66,778
3,918
4,944
17,805
3,438
101,607
16,312
179,625
42,921
2,792
81,811
7,177
36,707
136,278
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.6
2.3
3.1
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.7
2.3
1.5
2.0
419
204
2,646
46
9,430
1,471
13,248
4,950
453
4,818
497
3,613
9,620
15.7
7.0
21.7
2.2
21.5
27.6
14.7
23.2
24.9
10.2
16.0
14.8
14.4
Rhode Island ……………………………………………………………
South Carolina …………………………………………………………
South Dakota ……………………………………………………………
Tennessee ………………………………………………………………
Texas ……………………………………………………………………
Utah ………………………………………………………………………
Vermont …………………………………………………………………
Virginia ……………………………………………………………………
Washington ………………………………………………………………
West Virginia ……………………………………………………………
Wisconsin ………………………………………………………………
Wyoming …………………………………………………………………
2,891
6,505
3
( )
15,227
33,092
4,973
3,926
19,374
25,181
3,251
37,853
( 3)
5,543
12,100
3
( )
36,086
62,813
7,645
4,552
32,070
50,043
7,063
62,133
( 3)
1.9
1.9
.4
2.4
1.9
1.5
1.2
1.7
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.8
220
1,135
3
( )
3,777
6,526
738
518
3,174
3,749
124
4,113
( 3)
7.6
17.4
3.9
24.8
19.7
14.8
13.2
16.4
14.9
3.8
10.9
27.4
Puerto Rico ………………………………………………………………
18,625
43,608
2.3
613
3.3
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once
a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information
for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
3
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
20
Table 18. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2011
Continued claims without earnings
Measure
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Total, private nonfarm2……………………………………………………………………………………… 1,293,590
Number
1
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Final payments for unemployment
insurance1
Number
Percentage of initial
claimants receiving
final payments
2,263,144
1.7
208,372
16.1
Industry
Mining ……………………………………………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………………………………………
Information ………………………………………………………………………………
5,712
1,811
209,468
219,043
15,130
99,323
75,378
124,696
9,471
2,949
347,754
391,883
38,920
182,621
129,980
138,401
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.6
1.8
1.7
1.1
578
230
25,320
36,993
4,617
20,133
8,055
13,350
10.1
12.7
12.1
16.9
30.5
20.3
10.7
10.7
Finance and insurance …………………………………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………………………………
Professional and technical services ……………………………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………………………………………
Administrative and waste services ……………………………………………………
Educational services ……………………………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………………………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………………………………………
Other services, except public administration …………………………………………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………………………………………
38,427
9,770
75,850
3,918
202,752
11,906
48,461
36,407
98,123
17,169
246
106,588
19,917
130,761
8,255
351,310
27,036
114,157
67,027
159,921
35,899
294
2.8
2.0
1.7
2.1
1.7
2.3
2.4
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.2
11,499
2,135
17,480
681
37,066
2,750
8,215
5,347
11,247
2,633
43
29.9
21.9
23.0
17.4
18.3
23.1
17.0
14.7
11.5
15.3
17.5
Business demand ...................................................................................................
Contract cancellation ...........................................................................................
Contract completion .............................................................................................
Domestic competition ...........................................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .....................................................................
Import competition ................................................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ........................................................................................
528,931
20,586
380,365
814
1,410
1,140
775,921
41,406
498,249
1,786
3,423
3,756
1.5
2.0
1.3
2.2
2.4
3.3
74,755
4,340
48,198
267
337
503
14.1
21.1
12.7
32.8
23.9
44.1
124,616
227,301
1.8
21,110
16.9
Organizational changes ..........................................................................................
Business-ownership change ................................................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .......................................................
53,686
8,834
44,852
143,272
23,822
119,450
2.7
2.7
2.7
15,174
2,404
12,770
28.3
27.2
28.5
Financial issues .......................................................................................................
Bankruptcy ...........................................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .....................................................
Financial difficulty .................................................................................................
77,597
12,867
41,670
23,060
205,006
39,412
104,007
61,587
2.6
3.1
2.5
2.7
22,900
4,324
12,200
6,376
29.5
33.6
29.3
27.6
Production specific ..................................................................................................
Automation/technological advances ....................................................................
Energy related ......................................................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...............................................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..........................................................
Material or supply shortage .................................................................................
Model changeover ...............................................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .................................................................
Product line discontinued .....................................................................................
18,513
35,431
(3)
(3)
7,641
7,968
4,903
3,233
2,220
5,881
1.9
2.6
4.1
2.8
3.3
1.3
1.1
.8
2.2
3,455
(3)
(3)
2,736
2,407
3,740
2,831
2,793
2,659
18.7
13.5
44.9
34.4
17.4
11.1
30.8
5.4
16.8
Disaster/safety ........................................................................................................
Hazardous work environment ..............................................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .................................................................
Nonnatural disaster ..............................................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ...........................................................................
5,128
785
8,698
2,478
731
316
( )
3
( )
3,421
( )
3
( )
5,181
1.7
3.2
1.1
1.1
1.5
( )
3
( )
286
14.3
40.3
12.9
16.6
8.4
Seasonal .................................................................................................................
Seasonal ..............................................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ......................................................
409,428
331,584
77,844
733,240
588,884
144,356
1.8
1.8
1.9
53,368
48,470
4,898
13.0
14.6
6.3
Other/miscellaneous ...............................................................................................
Other .....................................................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ..................................................................................
Data not provided: Does not know ......................................................................
200,307
14,954
63,065
122,288
361,576
33,037
98,492
230,047
1.8
2.2
1.6
1.9
37,989
3,172
10,653
24,164
19.0
21.2
16.9
19.8
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ………………………………………………………………………
Recall expected …………………………………………………………………………
No recall expected ………………………………………………………………………
87,129
719,435
269,649
246,798
1,137,344
640,534
2.8
1.6
2.4
26,631
90,225
68,029
30.6
12.5
25.2
Reason for layoff
1
3
3
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once
a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information
for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
3
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
21
(3)
(3)
940
419
415
873
150
448
3
Table 19. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest metropolitan areas,
private nonfarm sector, 2011
Continued claims without earnings1
Metropolitan area
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Total, 372 metropolitan areas2 ………………………………………………… 1,066,781
Number
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,862,057
1.7
176,609
16.6
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas3 …………………………………………………
779,259
1,300,168
1.7
125,592
16.1
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. …………………………………………
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. ………………………
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. ………………………………………………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. ……………………………………………
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. ………………………………………………
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. ……………………………………………
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. ………………………………
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, Calif. ………………………………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. ……………………………………………
Pittsburgh, Pa. …………………………………………………………………………
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, Calif. ………………………………………………
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. ………………………………………………………………………
202,107
75,110
48,548
45,919
37,809
29,118
20,016
17,035
15,687
13,183
11,795
11,725
227,078
162,215
104,931
65,401
57,343
45,897
45,534
28,931
27,011
26,369
15,302
24,449
1.1
2.2
2.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.3
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.3
2.1
22,541
13,400
8,432
7,187
6,051
4,878
3,897
3,367
2,854
1,771
1,478
1,493
11.2
17.8
17.4
15.7
16.0
16.8
19.5
19.8
18.2
13.4
12.5
12.7
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. ……………………………………………………
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas ………………………………………………
Fresno, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………………
Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev. ……………………………………………………………
Stockton, Calif. …………………………………………………………………………
Modesto, Calif. …………………………………………………………………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. ………………………………………
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. …………………………………………………
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. …………………………………………………………
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash. …………………………………………
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wis. ………………………………………………
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. ………………………………………
Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. …………………………………………………………
11,379
10,688
10,102
9,858
9,076
8,999
8,987
8,877
8,835
8,791
8,736
8,081
8,030
23,646
19,892
15,305
14,494
14,390
13,059
24,080
16,891
22,924
15,434
16,206
16,606
16,781
2.1
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
2.7
1.9
2.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.1
2,031
1,928
2,017
2,090
1,761
2,079
3,202
2,847
2,050
1,424
1,206
794
1,773
17.8
18.0
20.0
21.2
19.4
23.1
35.6
32.1
23.2
16.2
13.8
9.8
22.1
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. ……………………………………………………………
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio …………………………………………………………
Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J. …………………………………………………………
Bakersfield-Delano, Calif. ………………………………………………………………
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. ………………………………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas ……………………………………………………
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. ……………………………………
Baltimore-Towson, Md. …………………………………………………………………
Rochester, N.Y. …………………………………………………………………………
Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. …………………………………………………
Vallejo-Fairfield, Calif. …………………………………………………………………
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. ……………………………
7,763
7,123
6,804
6,777
6,721
6,573
6,356
6,280
6,218
5,572
5,177
5,156
14,307
10,495
11,852
9,973
17,233
13,999
10,302
15,212
11,605
11,800
7,365
12,574
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.5
2.6
2.1
1.6
2.4
1.9
2.1
1.4
2.4
933
566
1,262
972
1,918
1,659
1,095
1,100
837
996
798
827
12.0
7.9
18.5
14.3
28.5
25.2
17.2
17.5
13.5
17.9
15.4
16.0
Visalia-Porterville, Calif. ………………………………………………………………
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. ……………………………………………………
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. ………………………………………………
Dalton, Ga. ………………………………………………………………………………
Louisville-Jefferson County, Ky.-Ind. …………………………………………………
Columbus, Ohio …………………………………………………………………………
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. ………………………………………………
Rockford, Ill. ……………………………………………………………………………
Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. …………………………………………………………………
Salem, Ore. ………………………………………………………………………………
Memphis, Tenn.-Miss.-Ark. ……………………………………………………………
Toledo, Ohio ……………………………………………………………………………
Jacksonville, Fla. ………………………………………………………………………
4,878
4,872
4,791
4,623
4,315
4,287
4,145
3,842
3,837
3,708
3,706
3,689
3,555
6,754
11,972
12,255
3,130
2,035
7,499
8,564
5,607
7,951
5,314
9,186
5,426
7,589
1.4
2.5
2.6
.7
.5
1.7
2.1
1.5
2.1
1.4
2.5
1.5
2.1
711
1,431
1,529
327
1,314
425
584
366
541
652
1,094
352
752
14.6
29.4
31.9
7.1
30.5
9.9
14.1
9.5
14.1
17.6
29.5
9.5
21.2
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once
a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information
for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
The 50 highest metropolitan areas in terms of the level of extended mass layoff initial claims activity are shown.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 10-02, December 1, 2009.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
22
Table 20. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2011
Characteristic
Initial claims for unemployment Final payments for unemployment Percentage of initial claimants receiving
insurance
final payments
insurance1
Total, private nonfarm2 ……………………………
1,293,590
208,372
16.1
275,646
432,928
321,450
261,190
2,376
44,577
66,111
48,758
48,663
263
16.2
15.3
15.2
18.6
11.1
771,095
520,157
2,338
112,448
95,604
320
14.6
18.4
13.7
705,940
187,340
260,322
9,897
44,122
85,969
100,510
40,076
42,645
1,741
7,934
15,466
14.2
21.4
16.4
17.6
18.0
18.0
Age
Under 30 years of age …………………………………
30–44 ……………………………………………………
45–54 ……………………………………………………
55 years of age or over ………………………...………
Not available ……………………………………………
Gender
Male ………………………………………………………
Female ……………………………………………………
Not available ………………………………………...……
Race/ethnicity
White ………………………………………………………
Black ………………………………………………………
Hispanic origin ……………………………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ……………………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………………………
Not available ……………………………………………
1
Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.)
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
23
Table 21. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm
sector, 2009–2011
Layoff events
Separations
Initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Census region and division
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
United States1 ....................................
11,824
7,247
6,597
2,108,202
1,257,134
1,113,170
2,442,000
1,415,766
1,293,590
Northeast .....................................................
2,145
1,545
1,301
366,195
238,754
184,420
405,859
286,402
231,128
New England ............................................
Middle Atlantic ..........................................
341
1,804
235
1,310
213
1,088
55,334
310,861
42,605
196,149
39,025
145,395
55,346
350,513
37,549
248,853
30,550
200,578
South ............................................................
2,438
1,377
1,278
455,977
247,990
207,757
505,456
285,304
233,323
South Atlantic ...........................................
East South Central ...................................
West South Central .................................
1,383
506
549
789
275
313
702
261
315
255,522
92,000
108,455
142,963
49,929
55,098
110,133
42,625
54,999
303,424
95,743
106,289
168,175
48,891
68,238
130,408
42,700
60,215
Midwest ........................................................
3,129
1,671
1,537
575,897
281,874
261,171
736,516
292,196
268,615
East North Central ...................................
West North Central ..................................
2,370
759
1,259
412
1,174
363
450,852
125,045
211,273
70,601
200,229
60,942
589,642
146,874
226,339
65,857
213,132
55,483
West .............................................................
4,112
2,654
2,481
710,133
488,516
459,822
794,169
551,864
560,524
Mountain ..................................................
Pacific ......................................................
680
3,432
379
2,275
328
2,153
118,740
591,393
80,584
407,932
70,288
389,534
118,941
675,228
60,455
491,409
50,685
509,839
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The states (and the District of Columbia) that make up the census divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas,
Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
24
Table 22. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm
sector, 2009–2011
Layoff events
Separations
Initial claimants for unemployment insurance
State
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
Total, private nonfarm1 ............................ 11,824
7,247
6,597
2,108,202
1,257,134
Alabama ............................................................
79
Alaska ................................................................
46
Arizona ..............................................................
129
Arkansas ...........................................................
49
California ........................................................... 2,944
Colorado ............................................................
129
Connecticut .......................................................
84
Delaware ...........................................................
25
District of Columbia ...........................................
12
Florida ................................................................
629
Georgia ..............................................................
136
Hawaii ................................................................
34
Idaho .................................................................
54
47
48
73
31
1,984
73
64
15
12
264
76
10
31
41
35
67
51
1,868
49
49
20
13
219
129
10
39
22,102
16,709
21,402
9,407
496,952
24,057
15,151
4,478
1,464
138,840
20,536
3,811
8,337
2011
2009
2010
2011
1,113,170
2,442,000
1,415,766
1,293,590
10,752
13,681
14,714
4,238
356,179
19,052
14,775
1,990
1,501
66,590
8,542
1,153
5,262
9,836
14,044
11,423
8,036
333,617
12,925
10,244
2,431
1,764
37,604
17,727
1,699
6,538
24,501
10,653
21,441
9,845
568,650
17,772
14,246
3,426
1,464
133,430
39,458
4,216
8,831
12,741
11,055
12,844
7,586
431,866
9,806
12,011
1,717
1,501
64,522
14,096
1,143
3,989
10,561
8,604
12,452
9,575
450,069
6,822
6,953
3,391
1,735
36,349
28,739
1,639
5,163
Illinois .................................................................
Indiana ...............................................................
Iowa ...................................................................
Kansas ..............................................................
Kentucky ...........................................................
Louisiana ...........................................................
Maine .................................................................
Maryland ............................................................
Massachusetts ..................................................
Michigan ............................................................
Minnesota ..........................................................
Mississippi .........................................................
Missouri .............................................................
745
277
87
89
198
128
33
84
133
442
274
54
245
460
114
33
49
92
89
31
79
82
162
128
41
156
430
109
34
41
100
95
29
70
76
160
127
40
122
140,451
39,600
10,473
19,818
35,464
23,288
7,826
9,973
19,669
89,727
39,799
6,865
45,179
81,890
12,835
5,832
6,843
15,401
18,259
5,210
13,788
11,917
20,798
18,609
7,077
31,562
80,573
12,423
4,639
5,596
13,893
19,098
5,361
11,081
12,883
21,681
22,348
5,305
23,105
159,241
54,396
24,057
25,611
33,871
19,124
5,572
10,217
23,113
164,130
44,512
5,241
43,484
86,397
20,314
8,545
8,996
11,500
14,075
4,576
11,280
11,831
23,278
18,515
4,979
23,824
79,988
22,048
7,239
5,173
11,810
14,440
3,930
9,728
10,766
26,167
19,154
5,102
19,079
Montana ............................................................
Nebraska ...........................................................
Nevada ..............................................................
New Hampshire ................................................
New Jersey .......................................................
New Mexico .......................................................
New York ...........................................................
North Carolina ...................................................
North Dakota .....................................................
Ohio ...................................................................
Oklahoma ..........................................................
Oregon ..............................................................
Pennsylvania .....................................................
35
24
195
26
340
65
695
206
31
562
64
189
769
31
24
80
18
224
45
642
126
21
318
13
94
444
26
25
60
14
251
44
472
91
13
276
25
103
365
4,971
4,168
33,851
3,994
67,947
10,991
125,569
33,602
4,659
114,879
12,162
33,750
117,345
5,411
5,172
13,923
3,627
51,004
8,387
93,181
12,318
2,433
51,466
2,981
20,972
51,964
4,150
3,845
13,647
3,186
44,694
8,065
54,803
10,153
1,289
46,772
3,583
23,168
45,898
4,441
3,399
44,547
3,957
60,114
9,168
130,062
62,723
4,942
135,786
11,927
46,505
160,337
3,336
2,827
16,845
2,789
44,875
6,000
118,151
33,151
3,005
54,566
3,156
22,378
85,827
2,663
2,895
12,194
2,084
43,842
5,328
89,958
21,336
1,816
47,076
3,108
24,346
66,778
Rhode Island .....................................................
South Carolina ..................................................
South Dakota ....................................................
Tennessee ........................................................
Texas .................................................................
Utah ...................................................................
Vermont .............................................................
Virginia ...............................................................
Washington .......................................................
West Virginia .....................................................
Wisconsin ..........................................................
Wyoming ...........................................................
30
136
9
175
308
63
35
106
219
49
344
10
25
87
18
38
4,282
15,974
2,925
8,595
2,891
6,505
(2)
80
144
37
27
99
137
23
199
(2)
16,699
29,620
9,352
2,794
17,947
15,947
4,313
44,284
(2)
13,591
24,282
9,420
4,426
17,037
17,006
3,741
38,780
(2)
19,671
43,421
6,482
2,216
21,953
24,967
3,347
41,784
(2)
15,227
33,092
4,973
3,926
19,374
25,181
3,251
37,853
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2,898
23,029
869
32,130
65,393
11,412
5,560
22,909
45,204
6,768
76,089
1,329
4,126
16,608
(2)
95
180
39
15
109
139
21
205
2,969
19,780
949
27,569
63,598
9,980
5,725
17,682
40,171
9,167
66,195
5,151
(2)
(2)
Puerto Rico .......................................................
51
48
64
5,635
5,353
9,449
11,201
14,154
18,625
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
25
Table 23. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2011, by residency
of claimants, private nonfarm sector
2010
Metropolitan area
2
Initial claimants for
unemployment
insurance
2011
Rank1
Initial claimants for
unemployment
insurance
Rank1
Total, 372 metropolitan areas ……………………………………………………
1,167,384
…
1,066,781
…
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas ……………………………………………………
832,929
…
779,259
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. …………………………………………
147,564
1
202,107
1
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. ………………………
100,664
2
75,110
2
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. ………………………………………………
55,075
3
48,548
3
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. ……………………………………………
48,751
4
45,919
4
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. ………………………………………………
48,243
5
37,809
5
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. ………………………………………………
30,267
6
29,118
6
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. ………………………………
22,684
8
20,016
7
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif. ………………………………………
23,513
7
17,035
8
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. ………………………………………………
18,408
9
15,687
9
Pittsburgh, Pa. ……………………………………………………………………………
16,034
11
13,183
10
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, Calif. ………………………………………………
8,118
26
11,795
11
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. …………………………………………………………………………
13,663
14
11,725
12
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. ……………………………………………………
13,093
15
11,379
13
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas …………………………………………………
13,891
12
10,688
14
Fresno, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………………
11,954
17
10,102
15
Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev. ……………………………………………………………
13,684
13
9,858
16
Stockton, Calif. …………………………………………………………………………
12,001
16
9,076
17
Modesto, Calif. …………………………………………………………………………
11,555
18
8,999
18
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. ………………………………………
17,172
10
8,987
19
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. …………………………………………………
6,129
36
8,877
20
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. …………………………………………………………
9,798
19
8,835
21
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash. …………………………………………
8,495
24
8,791
22
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wis. ………………………………………………
9,172
22
8,736
23
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. ………………………………………
7,029
31
8,081
24
Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. …………………………………………………………
8,356
25
8,030
25
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. ……………………………………………………………
7,526
28
7,763
26
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio …………………………………………………………
9,010
23
7,123
27
Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J. …………………………………………………………
5,772
40
6,804
28
Bakersfield-Delano, Calif. ………………………………………………………………
9,604
20
6,777
29
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. ………………………………………………
7,918
27
6,721
30
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas ……………………………………………………
7,187
30
6,573
31
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. ……………………………………
6,487
35
6,356
32
Baltimore-Towson, Md. …………………………………………………………………
6,969
32
6,280
33
Rochester, N.Y. …………………………………………………………………………
5,664
41
6,218
34
Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. …………………………………………………
6,776
33
5,572
35
Vallejo-Fairfield, Calif. …………………………………………………………………
5,934
38
5,177
36
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. ……………………………
5,496
42
5,156
37
Visalia-Porterville, Calif. ………………………………………………………………
4,899
44
4,878
38
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. ……………………………………………………
7,508
29
4,872
39
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. ………………………………………………
9,532
21
4,791
40
Dalton, Ga. ………………………………………………………………………………
1,194
156
4,623
41
Louisville-Jefferson County, Ky.-Ind. …………………………………………………
2,974
71
4,315
42
Columbus, Ohio …………………………………………………………………………
4,704
46
4,287
43
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. ………………………………………………
4,617
48
4,145
44
Rockford, Ill. ………………………………………………………………………………
3,052
68
3,842
45
Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. …………………………………………………………………
5,337
43
3,837
46
Salem, Ore. ………………………………………………………………………………
3,320
62
3,708
47
Memphis, Tenn.-Miss.-Ark. ……………………………………………………………
4,187
52
3,706
48
Toledo, Ohio ……………………………………………………………………………
3,122
64
3,689
49
Jacksonville, Fla. ………………………………………………………………………
6,578
34
3,555
50
1
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claims in 2011.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 10-02, December 1, 2009.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
26
Table 24. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2004–2011
Percent of layoff events1
Nature of recall
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
41.4
34.2
49.5
55.2
84.2
47.7
87.1
50.1
88.7
53.5
86.5
49.0
77.2
45.0
72.0
44.2
70.2
42.5
68.3
41.8
90.1
47.1
90.6
47.9
92.2
49.4
90.2
49.8
79.6
38.9
73.0
33.9
72.6
35.5
71.8
33.7
95.1
94.8
93.6
94.7
95.3
94.1
93.1
94.5
87.8
43.0
91.5
45.6
91.0
48.2
91.6
46.6
88.8
43.5
88.3
48.8
86.6
48.8
87.3
48.1
96.4
54.7
96.7
55.0
96.8
57.0
96.0
59.1
92.3
51.8
90.8
49.7
91.1
49.2
92.2
47.2
Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………………
26.6
31.6
29.4
25.1
24.4
20.5
27.7
34.4
Timeframe
Within 6 months ……………………………………………………………
Within 3 months ………………………………………………………
77.0
56.9
78.5
58.7
84.7
62.7
76.1
53.8
62.9
46.8
54.7
39.4
42.6
31.9
40.6
32.6
Size of recall
At least half …………………………………………………………………
All workers ……………………………………………………………
77.7
31.9
78.9
34.3
84.3
36.2
78.3
31.0
63.9
22.9
54.2
17.2
41.7
12.6
42.0
14.2
All layoff events
Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ……………………………………………………………
Within 3 months ………………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half …………………………………………………………………
All workers ……………………………………………………………
Layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period
Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ……………………………………………………………
Within 3 months ………………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half …………………………………………………………………
All workers ……………………………………………………………
All layoff events, excluding those due to seasonal work and
vacation period
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
27
Table 25. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2004–2011
Percent of layoff events
Measure
2004
1
Total, private nonfarm …………………………………
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
41.4
34.2
49.5
55.2
Mining ……………………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………………
Information ………………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………………
77.5
46.2
76.7
43.8
36.2
27.6
68.7
12.4
5.1
90.9
53.8
80.2
48.2
44.1
31.3
65.3
17.5
8.2
75.0
72.7
58.9
45.6
36.9
29.1
72.3
26.5
5.0
76.9
55.6
53.8
43.1
31.6
29.9
76.0
23.7
.5
67.3
36.4
56.4
36.9
20.5
19.3
51.9
9.8
.2
43.9
52.4
56.4
28.1
14.7
11.7
46.7
4.1
1.3
59.3
41.2
71.2
38.9
32.9
21.3
59.7
19.1
2.4
70.5
80.0
75.9
45.0
38.8
24.9
62.4
37.4
1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………
Professional and technical services …………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………
Administrative and waste services ……………………………
Educational services ……………………………………………
Health care and social assistance .....................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………
Other services, except public administration ………………
Unclassified establishments …………………………………
23.1
42.4
23.8
34.7
68.8
69.7
83.3
69.4
64.8
50.0
31.6
46.8
42.9
42.6
50.0
69.1
77.8
65.8
71.3
–
29.4
52.9
33.3
41.1
60.9
79.7
81.5
73.8
81.5
–
10.7
40.4
42.9
56.2
55.6
77.7
84.2
74.3
69.9
25.0
15.7
31.5
33.3
41.3
51.2
66.5
71.9
53.9
57.8
–
16.8
22.8
22.2
32.0
39.0
62.6
64.6
44.9
43.2
–
25.0
38.6
40.0
45.6
60.9
62.8
73.2
55.7
64.8
–
29.3
46.3
40.7
53.2
41.3
63.5
84.0
64.4
73.0
50.0
Business demand .............................................................
Contract cancellation .....................................................
Contract completion .......................................................
Domestic competition ....................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ................................
Import competition .........................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..................................................
44.3
9.0
38.6
48.9
15.5
42.8
43.5
14.1
36.6
40.7
17.7
51.1
28.6
37.5
5.6
33.4
17.2
50.2
33.3
42.9
4.5
48.7
11.5
62.2
12.5
38.5
–
57.8
19.5
68.3
20.0
41.7
–
Organizational changes ....................................................
Business-ownership change ..........................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ...................
Financial issues ................................................................
Bankruptcy ....................................................................
Industry
Reason for layoff
( )
(2)
7.8
( )
(2)
5.4
( )
(2)
9.4
39.1
21.9
36.3
26.7
34.2
2.7
62.0
64.8
63.0
47.6
38.6
29.1
41.0
45.1
5.7
4.7
6.0
4.5
1.9
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.1
6.0
3.0
7.1
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.8
3.5
3.9
6.3
12.5
4.3
4.2
5.3
3.8
1.9
–
(2)
2.7
4.0
2.2
(2)
5.2
5.0
1.8
(2)
6.1
4.4
–
3.8
1.5
6.6
3.4
5.9
1.7
3.9
3.9
4.0
6.1
4.3
4.4
8.5
4.6
5.8
7.5
3.8
3.9
40.2
33.3
–
(2)
55.6
50.0
71.4
90.0
15.0
44.7
12.5
100.0
(2)
72.2
70.0
66.7
83.3
11.1
53.6
12.5
–
44.9
50.0
20.0
38.7
20.0
–
42.6
33.3
100.0
53.2
50.0
–
Governmental regulations/intervention ...........................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ......................
Material or supply shortage ............................................
Model changeover .........................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .............................
Product line discontinued ...............................................
45.1
–
–
(2)
45.2
80.0
77.8
94.7
8.6
7.1
55.6
100.0
66.7
82.4
28.6
19.0
47.4
66.7
66.7
87.5
9.1
26.7
14.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
–
5.6
42.9
100.0
75.0
100.0
25.0
13.3
40.0
69.6
84.6
85.7
10.0
Disaster/safety ..................................................................
Hazardous work environment ........................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ............................
Nonnatural disaster ........................................................
Extreme weather-related event ......................................
95.7
50.0
100.0
100.0
96.8
42.9
100.0
50.0
100.0
42.5
80.6
25.0
60.0
60.0
89.6
84.4
–
66.7
80.0
95.5
37.9
–
100.0
25.0
37.3
68.4
66.7
–
66.7
70.0
75.0
100.0
100.0
60.0
81.8
64.5
40.0
–
–
85.7
Seasonal ..........................................................................
Seasonal .......................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ..................
95.1
95.0
97.3
94.8
94.5
100.0
93.6
93.3
98.2
94.7
93.5
99.3
95.3
94.3
99.2
94.1
92.9
98.0
93.1
91.5
99.4
94.5
93.6
98.4
Other/miscellaneous .........................................................
Other .............................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ............................................
Data not provided: Does not know .................................
5.3
16.8
–
–
5.0
17.0
–
–
4.8
19.1
–
.9
3.3
46.3
–
.5
2.5
39.3
–
.1
1.4
27.0
–
–
1.4
27.3
–
.1
2.5
27.2
–
–
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ................
Financial difficulty ..........................................................
Production specific ...........................................................
Automation/technological advances ...............................
Energy related ...............................................................
2
2
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Use of this reason began with data from the first quarter of 2007.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
28
2
Table 26. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007–2011
Layoff events
Separations
Reason for layoff1
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total, all reasons ........................................................
594
899
1,099
602
497
125,836
215,647
237,333
119,234
103,682
Business demand .........................................................
139
236
405
186
118
23,426
51,480
73,808
33,413
24,055
Contract cancellation ..................................................
Contract completion ...................................................
Domestic competition .................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................
Import competition ......................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..............................................
24
13
4
9
49
26
16
4
8
34
40
41
5
10
12
30
24
4
21
20
3
6
4
4,488
2,792
568
1,373
7,903
8,453
4,259
1,080
2,064
6,046
5,918
7,412
595
1,069
2,237
6,125
4,731
1,384
3,870
5,778
279
2,352
1,110
40
148
297
123
64
6,302
29,578
56,577
20,485
10,666
Organizational changes ................................................
172
223
193
123
101
30,647
50,435
41,430
25,179
18,575
Business-ownership change ......................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............
57
115
50
173
45
148
35
88
33
68
11,341
19,306
16,379
34,056
12,902
28,528
10,217
14,962
5,157
13,418
Financial issues .............................................................
241
373
431
242
218
63,340
97,787
109,509
52,737
50,296
Bankruptcy .................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............
Financial difficulty .......................................................
51
81
109
113
103
157
134
131
166
53
92
97
64
71
83
15,103
18,087
30,150
31,779
18,010
47,998
42,348
24,382
42,779
12,305
16,089
24,343
17,591
12,437
20,268
Production specific ........................................................
(2)
26
16
13
16
(2)
7,145
3,651
2,480
2,901
Automation/technological advances ..........................
Energy related ............................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................
Material or supply shortage ........................................
Model changeover .....................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................
Product line discontinued ...........................................
(2)
–
–
9
–
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
1,575
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2,014
–
–
(2)
(2)
7
–
562
510
4,254
(2)
(2)
(2)
2
2
(2)
5
–
–
–
–
3
3
12
–
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
–
–
–
8
2
2
2
(2)
3
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
–
(2)
(2)
–
(2)
(2)
2
(2)
291
–
(2)
(2)
–
–
–
1,386
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
–
(2)
(2)
–
(2)
(2)
2
Disaster/safety ..............................................................
( )
( )
( )
( )
5
( )
( )
( )
( )
Hazardous work environment ....................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................
Nonnatural disaster ....................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................
(2)
(2)
–
–
(2)
(2)
–
–
–
(2)
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
–
–
–
(2)
–
–
–
(2)
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2
2
2
2
2
2
–
–
(2)
–
–
(2)
620
–
1,056
(2)
(2)
–
(2)
Seasonal .......................................................................
–
( )
( )
( )
3
–
( )
( )
( )
417
Seasonal ....................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .............
–
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
–
–
–
–
(2)
–
3
–
–
–
–
417
–
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................
30
34
49
33
36
4,796
6,109
7,768
4,378
6,382
Other ..........................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................
11
4
15
16
6
12
32
15
–
18
27
1,634
661
2,501
2,924
1,225
1,960
5,471
2,068
–
2,310
5,126
1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. For additional information see the technical note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
29
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Table 27. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private nonfarm sector, 2007–2011
Layoff events
Separations
Industry
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
594
899
1,099
602
497
125,836
215,647
237,333
119,234
103,682
Mining ………………………………………………………
Utilities ………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………
Manufacturing ………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ……………………………………………
Retail trade …………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………
Information …………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ……………………………………
6
–
6
289
26
63
16
12
86
2
936
(2)
( )
30
382
41
145
50
20
69
4,154
–
4,859
91,476
7,881
66,679
12,125
4,838
11,303
Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………
Professional and technical services ……………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………
Administrative and waste services ………………………
Educational services ………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………
Accommodation and food services ………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………
4
11
4
20
7
18
7
37
(2)
24
Total, private nonfarm1 .......................................
Unclassified establishments ………………………………
1
( )
2
19
–
33
480
51
214
59
29
49
7
2
2
( )
( )
4,783
83,487
6,591
51,381
15,844
3,059
11,367
(2)
32
532
1,831
811
3,913
981
3,729
1,415
9,073
( )
20
167
21
104
29
9
20
26
15
5
42
11
21
(2)
29
6
48
10
(2)
25
(2)
8,351
(2)
13
9
(2)
28
8
44
6
11
28
7
43
5
25
7
29
10
(2)
26
5
1
–
–
–
–
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
30
( )
1,184
–
2,083
56,264
4,103
19,771
3,209
1,623
16,164
2
( )
24
198
28
84
31
15
28
2
2
2
2
( )
4,497
37,711
3,653
19,879
5,384
2,398
8,722
(2)
4,071
33,579
3,779
21,618
4,886
1,370
3,349
6,043
2,634
1,241
8,121
1,508
4,719
(2)
6,099
1,231
8,882
1,356
(2)
3,896
(2)
3,296
1,814
(2)
9,337
2,100
10,789
660
2,645
5,211
1,098
9,383
527
4,412
1,529
7,292
1,921
538
–
–
–
–
(2)
14,410
(2)
5,312
537
Table 28. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest ranking three-digit
NAICS industries in 2011
Permanent closures
Industry
NAICS
code
2010
Layoff events
2
Separations
2011
Rank
1
Layoff events
Separations
Rank
1
Total, private nonfarm ...........................................
…
602
119,234
…
497
103,682
…
Total, 50 highest ranking industries .................................
…
551
113,373
…
471
100,818
…
Administrative and support services ………………………
Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores ……………
Transportation equipment manufacturing …………………
Food manufacturing …………………………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………
Paper manufacturing …………………………………………
Food and beverage stores …………………………………
General merchandise stores ………………………………
Food services and drinking places …………………………
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ………………
561
451
336
311
541
322
445
452
722
326
42
3
( )
26
20
15
14
23
19
39
16
8,121
3
( )
8,640
3,874
2,634
2,594
7,273
5,633
6,956
2,038
2
53
1
8
12
13
3
6
4
17
31
27
25
27
21
19
21
17
20
8
14,061
7,494
6,194
6,053
4,719
4,373
4,075
3,757
3,240
2,807
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Heavy and civil engineering construction …………………
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods …………………
Warehousing and storage ……………………………………
Accommodation ………………………………………………
Computer and electronic product manufacturing …………
Credit intermediation and related activities ………………
Clothing and clothing accessories stores …………………
Truck transportation …………………………………………
Printing and related support activities ………………………
Furniture and home furnishings stores ……………………
237
424
493
721
334
522
448
484
323
442
4
11
5
9
21
17
11
9
12
( 3)
401
1,886
564
1,926
3,373
5,649
1,377
1,034
2,171
(3)
56
21
49
19
10
5
30
34
14
70
9
12
9
6
10
14
12
11
9
5
2,771
2,349
2,239
2,072
1,754
1,713
1,631
1,616
1,591
1,501
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Wood product manufacturing ………………………………
Rental and leasing services …………………………………
Hospitals ………………………………………………………
Furniture and related product manufacturing ………………
Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing………
Chemical manufacturing ……………………………………
Nursing and residential care facilities ………………………
Ambulatory health care services ……………………………
Machinery manufacturing ……………………………………
Fabricated metal product manufacturing …………………
321
532
622
337
335
325
623
621
333
332
5
19
9
5
7
10
14
3
11
12
599
5,146
3,793
1,915
1,085
1,533
1,705
350
2,102
1,539
47
7
9
20
33
27
22
59
15
26
8
9
5
9
4
8
10
6
8
7
1,409
1,293
1,216
1,170
1,168
1,138
1,129
1,080
1,010
980
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Electronics and appliance stores ……………………………
Building material and garden supply stores ………………
Publishing industries, except Internet ………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing ………………………………
Securities, commodity contracts, investments ……………
Apparel manufacturing ………………………………………
Nonstore retailers ……………………………………………
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods ……………………
Insurance carriers and related activities ……………………
Construction of buildings ……………………………………
443
444
511
339
523
315
454
423
524
236
6
3
6
8
( 3)
10
( 3)
15
9
8
346
886
1,672
(3)
1,441
(3)
1,575
2,824
2,081
32
60
39
23
63
29
25
24
11
16
7
7
5
6
( 3)
5
5
4
4
4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ………………
Electronic markets and agents and brokers ………………
Specialty trade contractors …………………………………
Textile mills ……………………………………………………
Social assistance ……………………………………………
Primary metal manufacturing ………………………………
Repair and maintenance ……………………………………
Waste management and remediation services ……………
Transit and ground passenger transportation ……………
Gasoline stations ……………………………………………
327
425
238
313
624
331
811
562
485
447
6
( 3)
12
( 3)
3
6
3
–
4
( 3)
780
(3)
2,015
(3)
251
797
382
–
1,464
(3)
43
66
18
46
62
42
58
72
28
55
4
5
7
4
4
3
( )
3
3
( )
4
( 3)
1,135
1
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2011.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
31
945
918
916
907
(3)
860
838
806
774
681
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
654
624
619
506
471
(3)
393
(3)
345
(3)
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Table 29. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations by state, private nonfarm
sector, 2010–2011
Layoffs
Separations
State
2010
2011
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………………………………
602
497
Alabama …………………………………………………………
Alaska ……………………………………………………………
Arizona ……………………………………………………………
Arkansas …………………………………………………………
California …………………………………………………………
Colorado …………………………………………………………
Connecticut ………………………………………………………
Delaware …………………………………………………………
District of Columbia ………………………………………………
Florida ……………………………………………………………
Georgia ……………………………………………………………
Hawaii ……………………………………………………………
Idaho ………………………………………………………………
10
(2)
4
4
145
11
10
(2)
–
34
39
(2)
(2)
Illinois ………………………………………………………………
Indiana ……………………………………………………………
Iowa ......................................................................................
Kansas ……………………………………………………………
Kentucky …………………………………………………………
Louisiana …………………………………………………………
Maine ………………………………………………………………
Maryland …………………………………………………………
Massachusetts ……………………………………………………
Michigan …………………………………………………………
Minnesota …………………………………………………………
Mississippi …………………………………………………………
Missouri ……………………………………………………………
2010
2011
-105
119,234
103,682
-15,552
5
–
9
6
95
4
4
(2)
(2)
38
11
3
(2)
-5
(2)
5
2
-50
-7
-6
(2)
(2)
4
-28
(2)
(2)
1,597
(2)
375
383
32,992
2,324
4,613
(2)
–
5,965
4,782
(2)
(2)
605
–
1,484
2,307
25,871
777
936
(2)
(2)
6,950
1,136
1,096
(2)
-992
(2)
1,109
1,924
-7,121
-1,547
-3,677
(2)
(2)
985
-3,646
(2)
(2)
32
7
5
5
11
6
4
(2)
13
(2)
5
10
16
36
5
3
4
9
7
3
3
22
4
(2)
10
15
4
-2
-2
-1
-2
1
-1
(2)
9
(2)
(2)
–
-1
5,913
1,219
2,332
1,410
1,650
900
446
(2)
2,110
(2)
861
2,579
2,612
7,880
1,627
1,085
1,014
812
2,491
628
1,192
4,633
684
(2)
1,219
2,242
1,967
408
-1,247
-396
-838
1,591
182
(2)
2,523
(2)
(2)
-1,360
-370
Montana ……………………………………………………………
Nebraska …………………………………………………………
Nevada .................................................................................
New Hampshire ....................................................................
New Jersey ...........................................................................
New Mexico ..........................................................................
New York …………………………………………………………
North Carolina ……………………………………………………
North Dakota ………………………………………………………
Ohio ………………………………………………………………
Oklahoma …………………………………………………………
Oregon ……………………………………………………………
Pennsylvania ………………………………………………………
(2)
(2)
4
(2)
26
3
36
17
(2)
23
3
9
20
(2)
(2)
4
–
29
(2)
18
14
–
13
7
(2)
26
(2)
(2)
–
(2)
3
(2)
-18
-3
(2)
-10
4
(2)
6
(2)
(2)
870
(2)
4,914
1,061
6,547
1,888
(2)
3,997
875
1,501
3,317
(2)
(2)
1,510
–
5,985
(2)
2,492
1,987
–
2,717
1,259
(2)
2,868
(2)
(2)
640
(2)
1,071
(2)
-4,055
99
(2)
-1,280
384
(2)
-449
Rhode Island ………………………………………………………
South Carolina ……………………………………………………
South Dakota ……………………………………………………
Tennessee ………………………………………………………
Texas ………………………………………………………………
Utah ………………………………………………………………
Vermont ……………………………………………………………
Virginia ……………………………………………………………
Washington ………………………………………………………
West Virginia ………………………………………………………
Wisconsin …………………………………………………………
Wyoming …………………………………………………………
–
4
–
15
18
(2)
–
18
5
(2)
12
(2)
4
4
–
15
15
3
–
10
10
(2)
15
–
4
–
–
–
-3
(2)
–
-8
5
(2)
3
(2)
–
764
–
2,582
4,580
(2)
–
2,975
983
(2)
2,554
(2)
385
384
–
3,446
3,936
600
–
1,108
2,148
(2)
2,473
–
385
-380
–
864
-644
(2)
–
-1,867
1,165
(2)
-81
(2)
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
32
Change
Change
Table 30. Permanent worksite closures: the 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass
layoff events in 2011, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector
2010
2011
Metropolitan Area
Initial claims
Rank1
Initial claims
Rank1
Total, 372 metropolitan areas2 …………………………………………
100,429
…
70,711
…
Total, 25 highest ranking metropolitan areas ……………………………
63,803
…
40,899
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. …………………………………
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. ………………
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. ………………………………………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. ……………………………………
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. ……………………………………
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. ……………………
Palm Bay-Mebourne-Titusville, Fla. …………………………………………
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. ……………………………………
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. ……………………………………
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio ………………………………………………
9,334
7,162
4,344
5,087
6,749
1,343
192
642
2,568
197
1
2
5
4
3
16
92
28
8
86
6,994
4,352
3,325
2,358
2,232
1,888
1,834
1,695
1,664
1,579
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas …………………………………………
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif. ……………………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. ……………………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. ……………………………………
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. ……………………………………………
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, Tenn. ……………………
Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. ………………………………………………
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, R.I.-Mass. …………………………………
2,349
3,333
1,429
2,836
669
454
235
35
11
6
14
7
26
41
73
210
1,336
1,213
1,157
1,020
886
842
812
762
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Baltimore-Towson, Md. ………………………………………………………
Memphis, Tenn.-Miss.-Ark. ……………………………………………………
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. ……………………………
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. ……………………………………………
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. …………………………………………
Stockton, Calif. …………………………………………………………………
Syracuse, N.Y. …………………………………………………………………
144
136
350
425
2,566
2,565
457
113
118
54
45
9
10
40
739
722
713
712
688
688
688
19
20
21
22
23
23
23
1
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claims in 2011.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 10-02, December 1, 2009.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
33
Table 31. Selected business functions involved in nonseasonal extended mass layoff events, 2010–2011
(Number of reports)
Total
Selected business functions by business process
Main
Secondary
1
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
Total ……………………………………………..………………………………
8,088
7,540
3,436
3,193
4,652
4,347
Producing goods/providing services
Construction activities ………………………………………………………
Producing goods ……………………………………………………………
Providing services ……………………………………………………………
1,103
762
305
884
671
389
1,042
694
187
838
556
153
61
68
118
46
115
236
Accounting services …………………………………………………………
Contracted services …………………………………………………………
Engineering services …………………………………………………………
Entertainment services ………………………………………………………
Facility maintenance services ………………………………………………
Financial management ………………………………………………………
Financial services ……………………………………………………………
Food and cafeteria services …………………………………………………
Gaming services ……………………………………………………………
Health care services …………………………………………………………
Housekeeping services ………………………………………………………
Lodging services ……………………………………………………………
Maintaining and repairing products …………………………………………
Security services ……………………………………………………………
134
127
6
9
128
118
314
129
108
205
60
86
141
32
107
52
42
74
48
426
146
238
180
61
85
132
20
100
43
24
82
34
200
34
93
41
8
57
79
27
93
4
32
19
24
308
42
228
35
9
63
61
14
87
4
19
19
11
114
95
15
164
52
29
62
5
14
48
10
55
24
118
104
10
145
52
22
71
6
13
39
5
63
23
Assembling products …………………………………………………………
Fabricating ……………………………………………………………………
Quality assurance/quality control ……………………………………………
Supervision—first line or direct ……………………………………………
157
163
39
52
118
111
143
178
345
118
139
295
91
1
–
69
3
1
52
177
345
49
136
294
Procurement, logistics, distribution
Buying …………………………………………………………………………
Distribution ……………………………………………………………………
Packing ………………………………………………………………………
Receiving ………………………………………………………………………
Shipping ………………………………………………………………………
Transporting …………………………………………………………………
Warehousing …………………………………………………………………
39
136
101
107
181
163
186
41
156
106
80
144
115
156
3
25
9
1
17
64
40
–
27
15
–
17
43
44
36
111
92
106
164
99
146
41
129
91
80
127
72
112
General management and firm infrastructure
Administrative and clerical support …………………………………………
General management ………………………………………………………
590
418
448
427
72
27
52
15
518
391
396
412
Human resource management
Human resources, including recruiting ……………………………………
Payroll and compensation ……………………………………………………
Training ………………………………………………………………………
256
97
39
191
88
40
10
7
10
12
24
5
246
90
29
179
64
35
Marketing, sales, customer accounts
Advertising ……………………………………………………………………
Billing …………………………………………………………………………
Marketing ………………………………………………………………………
Order processing ……………………………………………………………
Selling …………………………………………………………………………
Telemarketing …………………………………………………………………
34
47
70
97
230
30
19
28
74
96
218
21
5
1
8
4
147
16
5
–
8
7
142
12
29
46
62
93
83
14
14
28
66
89
76
9
Customer and after-sales service
Call center activities …………………………………………………………
Customer service ……………………………………………………………
Installing products ……………………………………………………………
Technical support ……………………………………………………………
87
260
40
66
64
265
49
80
53
41
3
2
40
41
5
8
34
219
37
64
24
224
44
72
Technology and process development
Computer systems development ……………………………………………
Computer systems maintenance ……………………………………………
Data processing ………………………………………………………………
Internet web services …………………………………………………………
Software development and testing …………………………………………
Software and IT services ……………………………………………………
26
32
35
12
27
74
17
16
34
17
20
64
14
4
6
1
9
13
8
1
2
3
6
8
12
28
29
11
18
61
9
15
32
14
14
56
Other business functions ………………………………………………………
83
109
53
62
30
47
Other
Events with nonstandard functions reported …………………………………
Refusal3 …………………………………………………………………………
Does not know4 …………………………………………………………………
214
2
28
164
3
26
137
2
28
106
3
26
77
–
–
58
–
–
2
1
Business functions reported in this table were the most frequently cited functions in 2007. Functions are grouped by business process without
regard to the industry of the establishment. Therefore, the "operations" process does not appear.
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
3
Excludes events in which the employer refused to participate in any part of the employer interview.
4
Excludes events in which contact with the employer was not possible.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
34
Table 32. Business processes involved in extended mass layoff events, by reason for layoff, 2010–20111
Core processes
Reason
Extended
mass layoff
events
Total
business
processes
Strategic
management
Procurement,
logistics,
distribution
Operations
Support processes
General
Marketing, Customer and
management
Product
sales, account after-sales
and firm
development
management
service
infrastructure
Human
resource
management
Technology
and process
development
2011
Total business process ………………………………………
Business demand ……………………………………………
Contract cancellation ……………………………………
6,597
8,195
68
508
5,224
400
265
504
861
264
101
2,344
3,062
28
133
2,190
131
61
145
250
94
30
118
204
5
14
106
10
4
13
33
14
5
1,435
1,695
4
35
1,373
57
20
52
89
55
10
Domestic competition ……………………………………
5
6
–
–
4
1
–
–
1
–
–
Excess inventory/saturated market ……………………
12
26
–
5
11
1
1
3
4
1
–
Import competition ………………………………………
5
9
–
2
5
–
–
–
2
–
–
769
1,122
19
77
691
62
36
77
121
24
15
313
661
15
41
264
25
39
60
147
36
34
Business-ownership change ……………………………
75
139
4
9
66
7
5
9
32
5
2
Reorganization or restructuring of company …………
238
522
11
32
198
18
34
51
115
31
32
Financial issues ………………………………………………
415
964
13
110
379
65
58
87
188
42
22
Bankruptcy …………………………………………………
76
179
5
21
63
7
12
26
36
9
–
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability …………
211
494
4
60
196
34
36
35
91
22
16
Financial difficulty …………………………………………
128
291
4
29
120
24
10
26
61
11
6
94
156
3
12
85
8
6
11
21
5
5
Contract completion ………………………………………
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ……………………………………
Organizational changes ……………………………………
Production specific …………………………………………
Disaster/safety ………………………………………………
31
58
1
4
29
4
6
2
8
3
1
Seasonal ……………………………………………………
2,285
3,113
7
202
2,173
163
87
181
219
76
5
Other/miscellaneous ………………………………………
1,115
181
1
6
104
4
8
18
28
8
4
7,247
8,624
55
617
5,519
239
314
498
1,004
266
112
2,515
3,398
16
194
2,335
99
88
176
335
107
48
148
252
1
16
133
5
10
17
46
14
10
1,146
1,366
2
49
1,083
24
30
63
73
30
12
Domestic competition ……………………………………
8
20
–
2
8
–
3
1
4
2
–
Excess inventory/saturated market ……………………
13
27
–
7
12
1
3
1
2
1
–
Import competition ………………………………………
7
19
–
5
6
6
1
–
1
–
–
26
2010
Total business process ………………………………………
Business demand ……………………………………………
Contract cancellation ……………………………………
Contract completion ………………………………………
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
1,193
1,714
13
115
1,093
63
41
94
209
60
Organizational changes ……………………………………
business slowdown ……………………………………
397
811
19
65
322
31
58
76
164
49
27
Business-ownership change ……………………………
96
200
5
14
77
6
12
19
42
15
10
Reorganization or restructuring of company …………
301
611
14
51
245
25
46
57
122
34
17
Financial issues ………………………………………………
511
1,073
17
108
441
35
82
84
208
69
29
Bankruptcy …………………………………………………
60
148
7
14
54
4
9
13
28
16
3
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability …………
291
622
7
68
242
24
55
47
124
33
22
Financial difficulty …………………………………………
160
303
3
26
145
7
18
24
56
20
4
54
97
1
9
48
5
3
4
17
9
1
Production specific …………………………………………
Disaster/safety ………………………………………………
24
42
–
5
20
–
3
3
6
4
1
Seasonal ……………………………………………………
2,417
3,078
1
234
2,278
68
76
142
253
23
3
Other/miscellaneous ………………………………………
1,329
125
1
2
75
1
4
13
21
5
3
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
35
Table 33. Number of business processes affected in nonseasonal extended mass layoffs, 2010–20111
Total
Main
Secondary
Business Processes
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
Core processes …………………………………………………………………
4,443
4,156
3,458
3,181
985
975
Strategic management ………………………………………………………
54
61
–
1
54
60
Procurement, logistics, and distribution ……………………………………
383
306
43
28
340
278
Operations ……………………………………………………………………
Total, private nonfarm
3,241
3,051
3,152
2,882
89
169
Product development ………………………………………………………
171
237
15
60
156
177
Marketing, sales, and account management ……………………………
238
178
68
48
170
130
Customer and after-sales service …………………………………………
356
323
180
162
176
161
Support processes ………………………………………………………………
1,103
926
115
118
988
808
General management and firm infrastructure ……………………………
751
642
92
64
659
578
Human resources management ……………………………………………
243
188
13
46
230
142
Technology and process development ……………………………………
109
96
10
8
99
88
30
29
30
29
–
–
Core processes …………………………………………………………………
2,270
1,907
1,831
1,494
439
413
Strategic management ………………………………………………………
23
29
–
–
23
29
Procurement, logistics, and distribution ……………………………..……
214
166
15
7
199
159
Operations ……………………………………………………………………
2
Business function not provided ………………………………………………
Goods-producing industries
1,793
1,457
1,773
1,417
20
40
Product development ………………………………………………………
101
129
7
29
94
100
Marketing, sales, and account management ……………………………
67
58
6
10
61
48
Customer and after-sales service …………………………………………
72
68
30
31
42
37
Support processes ………………………………………………………………
492
348
30
20
462
328
General management and firm infrastructure ……………………………
325
238
25
17
300
221
Human resources management ……………………………………………
106
59
–
1
106
58
Technology and process development ……………………………………
61
51
5
2
56
49
Business function not provided2 ………………………………………………
8
8
8
8
–
–
Core processes …………………………………………………………………
2,173
2,248
1,627
1,686
546
562
Strategic management ………………………………………………………
31
32
–
1
31
31
Procurement, logistics, and distribution ……………………………………
169
140
28
21
141
119
Operations ………………………………………….…………………………
129
Service-providing industries
1,448
1,593
1,379
1,464
69
Product development ………………………………………………………
70
108
8
31
62
77
Marketing, sales, and account management ……………………………
171
120
62
38
109
82
Customer and after-sales service …………………………………………
284
255
150
131
134
124
Support processes ………………………………………………………………
611
578
85
98
526
480
General management and firm infrastructure ……………………………
426
404
67
47
359
357
Human resources management ……………………………………………
137
129
13
45
124
84
Technology and process development ……………………………………
48
45
5
6
43
39
Business function not provided2 ………………………………………………
22
21
22
21
–
–
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.
2
The number of events for which respondents were unable or refused to provide a business function response. Layoff events where
employer contact could not be made or where employers refused to participate in the employer interview are not included.
NOTE: Dash represents zero. Data may not add to total private nonfarm because of industry nonreporting.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program.
36
Technical Note
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state
program that uses a standardized, automated approach to
identify, describe, and track the effects of major job cutbacks,
using data from each state’s unemployment insurance (UI)
database. Employers that have at least 50 initial claims for
unemployment insurance filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to
determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days
duration, and, if so, the state obtains information on the total
number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Employers are identified according to industry classification and location; unemployment insurance claimants are
identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The MLS program yields
information on an individual’s entire spell of unemployment,
to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits
are exhausted.
Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass
layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the
private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff information for agriculture and government are no longer collected. With the release of the extended mass layoff
data from the first quarter of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) introduced improvements to the presentation
of data on economic reasons for extended mass layoffs. Thus,
reason-for-layoff data beginning with the first quarter of 2007
are not strictly comparable with data from previous quarters.
This report uses the latest metropolitan area definitions as
published in the Office of Management and Budget Bulletin
10-02 and the 2012 North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) definitions.
month; this week is referred to as the reference week because
of its use in the Current Population Survey (CPS) as the basis
for monthly unemployment.
Employer. A firm covered by state unemployment insurance
laws at which one predominant type of economic activity is
conducted.
Extended mass layoff event. A layoff defined by the filing of
50 or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits against an employer during a 5-week period, with at least
50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Such layoffs
involve both people subject to recall and those who are terminated.
Final payment. The last payment received by a person who
has exhausted all of his or her regular unemployment insurance benefits.
Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation or for a subsequent
period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of
eligibility.
Layoff. The separation of people from an employer as part of
a mass layoff event. Such layoffs involve both people who
are subject to recall and those who are terminated.
Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment
insurance benefits filed against an employer during a 5-week
period, regardless of the duration of the layoff.
Definitions
Business functions. Those specific activities that a firm performs in order to produce products, provide services, or otherwise achieve objectives.
Movement of work. The work activities performed at a worksite by the company’s employees are reassigned in one of
the following ways: 1) to another worksite within the company; 2) to another company under formal arrangements at
the same worksite; or 3) to another company under formal
arrangements at another worksite.
Business processes. Broad-based categories, consisting of
business functions that cover the full range of activities a firm
engages in to conduct business. Currently the MLS program
codes functions into nine business processes: strategic management; procurement, logistics, and distribution; operations;
product development; marketing, sales, and account management; customer and after-sales service; general management
and firm infrastructure; human resource management; and
technology and process development.
Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations
specifically associated with movement-of-work actions.
Movement-of-work action. Employer-confirmed relocation of
work within the same company or to other companies, domestically or outside the United States. Because employers
may cite more than one location to which work is moving, a
layoff event may have more than one action associated with
it.
Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by
mail, telephone, or in person, for a waiting-period credit or
payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS
program collects continued claims for 1 week each month—
generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day of the
Relocation-of-work action. A movement-of-work action in
which the employer provides information on the new loca37
tion of work and/or the number of workers affected by the
movement. Layoff events may involve more than one action
per employer if work moved to more than one location.
questions on recall expectations and open/closed status of the
worksite.
Business functions and business processes
Business functions are the specific activities that a firm
performs in order to produce its products or provide its
services. During the MLS interview, employers are asked to
identify all the functions performed by the workers who were
laid off. Thus, the collection of business functions allows for
a broader assessment of the impact of the layoffs than the
industry classification alone.
Many different business functions have been reported by
employers. In order to provide a better understanding of how
these functions are involved in the firm’s operations, BLS
identified a set of nine business processes (strategic management; procurement, logistics, and distribution; operations;
product development; marketing, sales, and account management; customer and after-sales service; general management and firm infrastructure; human resources management;
technology and process development) to define the full range
of activities a firm engages in to conduct its business. All
functions can be assigned to a process, depending on the establishment’s industry classification. The nine processes are
grouped into core business processes and support business
processes. Thus, it is possible to report both the number of
business functions and business processes affected by extended mass layoffs over time and cross tabulate the data using other information, such as reason for layoff and industry.
For a more complete description of the collection and definition of business functions and processes in the MLS program,
see the article “Business Processes and Business Functions:
a new way of looking at employment,” from the December
2008 issue of the Monthly Labor Review (http://www.bls.
gov/opub/mlr/2008/12/art3full.pdf).
Separations. The number of people who have become
displaced during an extended mass layoff event according
to the employer, regardless of whether they file for
unemployment insurance.
Worksite closure. The complete closure of an employer’s
worksite without regard to whether other worksites operated
by the same employer, if any, remain open.
Movement-of-work concepts and questions
Because of the employer interview component of the
program, BLS decided to use the MLS program as a vehicle
for collecting additional information on offshoring and
outsourcing associated with job loss, by adding questions
that address movement of work. (Before 2004, “overseas
relocation” and “domestic relocation” were economic reasons
for layoffs and were used in extended mass layoff news
releases. These reasons were eliminated with the collection
of movement-of-work data; therefore, the current data are not
comparable to the data from this earlier period.)
Questions on movement of work and location are asked for
all identified layoff events when the reason for separation is
other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period.” Seasonal
and vacation layoff events are unlikely to result in work
relocation.
Before questions on movement of work are asked, an
analyst must verify that a layoff has in fact occurred and has
lasted for more than 30 days. An analyst must also obtain
the total number of workers separated from jobs, the date
the layoff began, and the economic reason for layoff. If the
reason for layoff is other than seasonal work or vacation
period, the employer is asked the following:
Reliability of the data
The identification of employers, layoff events, and
characteristics of claimants in the MLS program is based
on administrative data for employers and workers covered
by unemployment insurance. Therefore, these data are not
subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling
errors such as typographical errors may occur but are not
likely to be significant. Although the employers and layoff
events in the MLS program are not subject to sampling
error, and all such private nonfarm employers are asked the
same employer interview questions, the employer responses
are subject to nonsampling error. A nonsampling error can
occur for many reasons, including the inability to obtain
information for all respondents, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made
in the collection or processing of the data. For 2011, outright
refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted for
4.0 percent of all private nonfarm events. Included in the total
number of instances involving the movement of work were
117 relocations for which employers were unable to provide
the number of separations specifically associated with the
(1) “Did this layoff include your company moving
work from this location(s) to a different geographic
location(s) within your company?”
(2) “Did this layoff include your company moving work
that was performed in-house by your employees
to a different company, through contractual
arrangements?”
A “yes” response to either question is followed by two
questions: “Is the location inside or outside of the United
States?” and “How many of the layoffs were a result of this
relocation?”
Layoff actions are classified as “overseas relocation” if
the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2, and
indicates that the location(s) was outside of the United States.
Domestic relocation is determined if the employer responds
“yes” to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates that the location(s)
was within the United States.
After asking the movement-of-work questions, the
employer interview continues and responses are obtained for
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movement of work, 34 of which involved out-of-country
moves.
appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The
information in this report is available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339. Email address:
[email protected].
Additional information
Material in this report is in the public domain and, with
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