Extended Mass Layoffs
in 2008
BLS
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
June 2010
Report 1024
Introduction
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass
Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information on largescale private nonfarm layoff events and on the characteristics of
dislocated workers. Each month, BLS reports on the number of
mass layoff events. Each quarter there is a separate report on the
number and characteristics of extended mass layoffs, which are
those private nonfarm mass layoffs that last more than 30 days.
This report summarizes the data on extended layoffs for all of
2008, providing information on the industry, geographic distribution, and size of private nonfarm mass layoffs; the demographic
characteristics of those claiming unemployment insurance; the
duration of certified unemployment; the expectation of recall;
the extent of permanent worksite closures; and the movement-ofwork actions taken by employers.
In 2008, employers laid off about 1.5 million workers in 8,263
private nonfarm extended mass layoff events. Both layoff events
and separations rose sharply from 2007. The number of layoff
events in 2008 registered at the highest level since annual data
became available in 1996, and separations registered at the second highest level since 1996. Most of the increase in 2008 layoff
activity occurred in the fourth quarter. (See table 1.) In terms of
worker separations, historic highs for the data series were reached
in 7 of 18 industry sectors, 3 of 9 geographic divisions, and 14
States. Layoffs attributed to business demand factors (especially slack work or insufficient demand) accounted for more than
500,000 worker separations, the highest annual level on record.
In 2008, 60,950 workers lost their jobs in extended mass layoffs
because their employers moved work to other U.S. locations or
to locations outside of the United States, nearly one-third higher
than the number of workers in the same position in 2007. Layoff
activity involving permanent worksite closures accounted for 11
percent of all extended mass layoff events and affected 216,322
workers in 2008. Forty-one percent of employers reporting an extended mass layoff in 2008 indicated they anticipated some type
of recall of workers, the lowest proportion since 2001.
In 2008, the average national unemployment rate was 5.8 percent; a year earlier, it was 4.6 percent. Private nonfarm payroll
employment decreased by less than 1 percent, or 1,099,000 jobs,
from 2007 to 2008.
Extended mass layoffs, as defined by the MLS program, refer
to layoffs of at least 31 days' duration that involve the filing of initial claims for unemployment insurance by 50 or more individuals from a single establishment during a period of 5 consecutive
weeks. Since 2004, the detailed reports no longer cover Government and agricultural layoffs. This report uses the new metropoli-
tan area definitions as published in the Office of Management and
Budget Bulletin 09-01. Additional information about the program
is provided in the Technical Note that follows the tables.
Highlights
Industry distribution of 2008 mass layoffs
• Manufacturing establishments accounted for 31 percent of
extended mass layoff events and 32 percent of all separations in 2008, up from 25 percent for both events and separations in 2007. The percentages of events and separations
in 2008 were the highest for manufacturing since 2003
and 2002, respectively. Within the manufacturing industry,
transportation equipment (largely automobiles) and food
processing (mostly fruit and vegetable canning and fresh
and frozen seafood processing) firms accounted for 45 percent of the separations in 2008. The number of separations
due to extended mass layoffs increased in 19 of 21 manufacturing subsectors from 2007 to 2008, led by transportation equipment (increasing by 96,038), food products (increasing by 20,404), wood products (increasing by 16,987),
and fabricated metals (increasing by 15,282). (See tables 2
and 3.)
• Construction (mainly in specialty trade contractors and
in heavy and civil engineering) accounted for 21 percent
of private nonfarm mass layoff events and 14 percent of
separations in 2008. The number of laid-off construction
workers reached a historic high at 205,327, with annual data
available back to 1996. (See table 2.). Sixty-nine percent of
all construction layoffs were due to the completion of contracts and the ending of seasonal work. Employers expected
a recall in 56 percent of the construction layoff events, the
second lowest percentage on record for the industry.
• Administrative and waste services accounted for 8 percent
of layoff events and 9 percent of separations, largely due
to business demand reasons in the administrative and support services subsector. (See table 2.) In 2008, the number
of mass layoff separations (141,034) in administrative and
support services reached their highest levels since 2003.
• Manufacturers and distributors of clothing reported extended mass layoffs of 69,328 workers, up 91 percent from 2007.
(See table 2.) Layoffs due to financial issues accounted for
the largest number of separations in this selected industry
grouping (19,973), followed by layoffs due to seasonal rea-
1
1
Extended
MassLayoff
Layoff Separations,
by Reason
Categories
2001-08
Extended
Mass
Separations,
by Reason
Categories
2001–08
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
,
100,000
0
2001
2002
Seasonal
Financial issues
1
2003
2004
2005
Business demand
Production specific
2006
2007
2008
Organizational changes
Disaster/Safety
The chart excludes information on layoffs due to other/miscellaneous reasons.
sons (16,744). In the clothing grouping, the West registered
the highest number of laid-off workers (29,297), followed
by the South (16,362).
• At the three-digit NAICS industry level, general merchandise stores moved into the top 10 in terms of worker separations in 2008, with food and beverage stores dropping from
the top 10. (See table 4.)
• Employers involved in food processing and distribution,
excluding agriculture, accounted for 10 percent (152,928)
of private nonfarm separations due to extended mass layoffs
in 2008. The number of such separations decreased slightly
when compared with the 2007 levels. (See tables 2 and 3.)
• Among the six-digit NAICS industries, professional employer organizations and discount department stores moved
into the top 10 in terms of separations, replacing child day
care services and supermarkets and other grocery stores.
(See table 5.)
• In 2008, 17 of the 19 major sectors posted over-the-year increases in separations when compared with 2007. Manufacturing recorded the largest increase in extended mass layoff
separations between 2007 and 2008 (a change of 242,868),
followed by administrative and waste services (85,228) and
construction (49,926). (See table 3.)
Reason for layoff
• Based on the seven categories of economic reasons for
extended mass layoffs, events related to business demand
factors (contract cancellation, contract completion, domestic competition, excess inventory, import completion,
and slack work) accounted for 41 percent of layoff events
and 34 percent of separations, the highest percentages
of both events and separations for this category since
1996. (See table 6 and the chart.) Within the business demand group, slack work/insufficient demand and contract
completion accounted for 93 percent of the events and 92
percent of separations. Both layoff events and separations
due to slack work/insufficient demand more than tripled in
2008, and those due to a contract cancellation more than
doubled.
• Among the 87 three-digit NAICS-coded industry groups in
the private nonfarm economy identified in the MLS program, 71 posted increases in the number of separated workers during 2008. Of these, transportation equipment manufacturing recorded the largest increase (96,038), followed
by administrative and support services (84,673) and general
merchandise stores (25,359). Eleven industries registered
decreases, led by food and beverage stores with 52,788
fewer separated workers than the previous year.
2
of work in 2008. The Midwest recorded the largest overthe-year percentage increase (76 percent), followed by the
West (45 percent) and the South (1 percent).
• In 2008, seasonal reasons accounted for 24 percent of all
extended mass layoff events and 26 percent of separations, down from 35 percent of events and 38 percent of
separations in 2007. (See table 6.) Heavy civil engineering
construction and food services and drinking places had the
largest number of worker separations due to the ending of
seasonal work.
• Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants in layoffs involving the movement of work than for nonseasonal
and nonvacation layoffs with no movement of work. Over
one-quarter of such claimants received final payments in
2008. Also, in movement-of-work events, the claimants in
the oldest age category (55 years and older) were the most
likely to exhaust their benefits. (See table 12.)
• The largest over-the-year increases in layoffs, categorized
by reason for layoff, occurred because of business demand
factors (268,866). This increase was primarily due to more
layoff activity in administrative and support services and in
transportation equipment manufacturing. Employers citing
financial issues reported the next highest increase in laidoff workers (64,096). Layoffs due to organizational changes
had the only decrease, though slight, in worker separations
(826) compared with 2007. (See tables 6 and 7.)
• In the 332 layoff events involving movement of work, 443
relocations of work were identified. (Movement of work can
involve more than one relocation.) Of these 443 relocations,
employers were able to provide information on the specific
number of separations associated with the movement-ofwork component of the layoff in 319 actions, or 72 percent
of the total actions for 2008. Thus, a range of 35,076 (the
number of separations in movement-of-work actions where
the employer was able to provide specific detail) to 60,950
(the total number of separations in all layoff events that included movement of work) is established for separations
due to the movement of work in 2008. (See table 13.)
• California accounted for the largest number of separations
due to business demand factors, followed by Florida, Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan. (See table 8.)
Movement of Work
• Movement of work occurred in 332 extended mass layoff
events in 2008. This was 5 percent of all nonseasonal and
nonvacation-period extended mass layoff events and resulted in the separation of 60,950 workers. Compared with
2007, the number of events and associated job separations
involving movement of work increased by 24 percent and
31 percent, respectively. (See tables 9 and 13.)
• Of the 319 actions with separations reported, domestic relocations of work accounted for 223 actions (70 percent of
the total) and resulted in the separation of 23,370 workers.
Ninety percent of the domestic actions and the associated
separations were the result of moving work within the same
company. For domestic relocations, employers cited Texas
more than any other State as the location to which work
was moving, followed by California, Tennessee, Illinois,
and Michigan. (See table 14.)
• Among the 332 layoff events with reported relocation of
work in 2008, 60 percent involved the permanent closure
of worksites, which affected 38,594 workers. In sharp contrast, only 12 percent of the nonseasonal and nonvacation
mass layoffs where there was no movement of work involved a permanent closure.
• Manufacturing industries (largely transportation equipment,
computer and electronic products, and electrical equipment and appliance) accounted for 66 percent of events
and 67 percent of separations in which work was moved.
In contrast, manufacturing accounted for only 35 percent
of events and 36 percent of separations in nonseasonal and
nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work. (See
table 9.)
• Organizational change (business ownership change and reorganization or restructuring of a company) was cited as
the economic reason for layoff in 46 percent of events and
43 percent of separations associated with the movement of
work. Among nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs
with no movement of work, 6 percent of events and 9 percent of separations were due to organizational change. (See
table 10.)
• The Midwest led all regions in terms of separations associated with movement of work (24,658), followed by
the South (15,439). (See table 11.) All regions, except the
Northeast, experienced over-the-year increases in the number of laid-off workers in events involving some movement
• Among the 319 relocations of work with separations reported, out-of-country relocations accounted for 30 percent of
the movement-of-work actions; 11,431 workers were laid
off as a result of those relocations. Eighty-seven percent of
the out-of-the-country actions and 91 percent of the separations were due to relocations within the same company.
(See table 14.) In 71 percent of cases, employers reported
that they had moved the work to Mexico or China.
Size of layoff
• Smaller sized layoffs—those involving fewer than 150
workers in the layoff event—accounted for 65 percent of
the total 8,263 events in 2008, the second highest percentage for this category in MLS program history. These smaller layoff events, however, accounted for only 31 percent
of all separations, down from 33 percent in 2007. On the
other end of the spectrum, 424 layoff events involving 500
or more workers, or 5 percent of the total events in 2008,
accounted for 30 percent of all separations. (See table 15.)
• The average number of separations per layoff event in 2008
was 184, up from 180 in 2007. Among private sector employers, the arts, entertainment, and recreation industry recorded the largest average number of separations per event
3
(294 workers), followed by professional and technical services (262 workers) and retail trade (252 workers). Establishments with the smallest average layoff size were those
in construction (119 workers), followed by the real estate
and rental and leasing industry and by the other services,
except public administration industry (125 workers each).
(See table 16.)
tertainment, and recreation (28 percent); and transportation
and warehousing (26 percent). Claimants between the ages
of 30 and 44 accounted for 35 percent of all claimants from
extended mass layoffs. The proportion of claimants in this
age group was highest in finance and insurance (41 percent)
and construction (39 percent). (See table 19.)
Duration of insured unemployment
• The District of Columbia reported the longest duration of
insured unemployment associated with extended mass layoffs events, with the average spell of unemployment lasting almost 4 months (as measured by the average number
of continued claims for unemployment insurance filed for
the weeks that followed the initial claim and that included
the 12th day of the month). The State with the next longest duration of insured unemployment was North Carolina
(with continued claims lasting an average of 3.4 months),
followed by Maryland (2.7 months) and New Mexico (2.7
months) . Claimants experiencing the shortest insured jobless duration were separated from employers located in
Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Nebraska.
• Employers citing business ownership change as the reason
for layoff had the highest average layoff size per event (488
workers), followed by those reporting a labor dispute (481
workers), bankruptcy (298 workers), and nonnatural disasters (275 workers). Layoffs due to hazardous work environments and natural disasters averaged the fewest separations
per layoff event (120 and 127 workers, respectively). (See
table 16.)
• Employers reporting the worksite as permanently closed
averaged 240 job separations per event, up 13 percent from
2007 (when the average was 212 separations per event).
(See table 16.)
Initial claimants
• In 2008, 1,665,377 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with extended mass layoff events.
Of these, 37 percent were women, 14 percent were black,
17 percent were Hispanic, and 18 percent were 55 years of
age or older. Thirty-five percent of claimants were between
the ages of 30 and 44. (See tables 17 and 19.) In the total
civilian labor force in 2008, 47 percent were women, 11
percent were black, 14 percent were Hispanic, and 18 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-three percent of
the civilian labor force was between the ages of 30 and 44.
• Wyoming reported the largest proportion of claimants exhausting unemployment insurance benefits (29 percent), followed by North Carolina (27 percent), Florida (25 percent),
and the District of Columbia (22 percent). States registering
the lowest percentages of exhaustees were Nebraska, West
Virginia, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. (See table 20.)
• The longest average jobless duration (as measured by the
average number of continued claims per month) was experienced by claimants laid off from the finance and insurance
sector (3.2 months). Claimants laid off from accommodation and food services and from manufacturing experienced
the shortest periods of joblessness (1.7 months). (See table
21.)
• The percentage of claimants who were women decreased to
37 percent in 2008 from 40 percent in 2007. The proportion
of female claimants was highest in health care and social
assistance (87 percent) and in private educational services
(70 percent). (See table 19.)
• Benefit exhaustion rates were highest among workers in finance and insurance (27 percent), compared with workers
in mining who had the lowest rates (5 percent). (See table
21.)
• People of Hispanic origin accounted for 17 percent of the
claimants involved in extended mass layoff events in 2008,
about the same proportion as in 2007. The percentage of
Hispanic claimants in 2008 was highest in wholesale trade
(26 percent), followed by the health care and social assistance industry and by the construction industry (24 percent
each). (See table 18.)
• Claimants laid off because of organizational changes and
financial issues reported the longest jobless duration with
an average of 2.6 monthly continued claims. The shortest
duration occurred in layoffs due to disaster or safety issues
(1.3 months). (See table 21.)
• Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants involved
with worksite closures (23 percent) when compared with
claimants affected by nonclosure layoff events. Claimants
associated with layoffs from employers who did not expect
a recall experienced a higher average benefit exhaustion
rate (17 percent) than did workers affected by layoff events
that were expected to lead to a recall (10 percent). (See table
21.)
• The proportion of black claimants involved in extended
mass layoffs was 14 percent in 2008. (See table 18.) Establishments providing other services except public administration reported the highest percentage of black claimants
(28 percent), followed by health care and social assistance
and by management of companies and enterprises (24 percent each).
• Eighteen percent of all claimants were age 55 and older in
2008, about the same as the 19 percent reported in 2007.
The proportion of claimants in this age group was highest
in professional and technical services (29 percent); arts, en-
• Among the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas in terms
of the level of extended mass layoff initial claims activity,
claimants residing in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano
4
Beach, FL, reported the longest jobless duration (with an
average of 2.9 monthly continued claims), followed by
claimants living in Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL,
(2.7 months) and Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI,
(2.7 months). Extended mass layoff claimants residing in
Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN, and Dalton, GA, experienced the shortest duration of unemployment (less than
a month). Benefit exhaustion rates were highest for claimants in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL (29
percent), Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA (27 percent),
and Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (26 percent).
(See table 22.)
• Claimants age 55 and older had the highest exhaustion rates,
at 15.6 percent, as compared with other age groups. Women
had higher exhaustion rates (16.0 percent) than men (11.6
percent). Black claimants reported higher benefit exhaustion rates (17.3 percent) than people of any other race or
ethnic category. (See table 23.)
metropolitan areas, about the same as in 2007 (when it
was 79 percent). Among the 372 metropolitan areas, Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA, reported the highest
number of resident initial claimants (109,649). Miami-Fort
Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL, and Las Vegas-Paradise,
NV, entered the top 10 metropolitan areas in terms of resident initial claimants, while St. Louis, MO-IL, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD, dropped out
of the top 10. (See table 26.)
Recall expectations
• In 2008, employers expected a recall in 41 percent of all
extended mass layoff events, the lowest proportion since
2002. Excluding seasonal and vacation-period layoffs (in
which a recall was expected 95 percent of the time), a recall
was expected in 24 percent of events, down slightly from 25
percent in 2007 and 29 percent in 2006. (See table 27.)
• Of those establishments expecting a recall in 2008, 39 percent indicated that all workers would eventually be recalled,
compared with 50 percent in 2007. Eighty percent expected
to recall at least half of the workers in 2008, a decrease from
90 percent in 2007. (See table 27.)
Geographic distribution
• In 2008, employers in the West reported the highest number of separations (505,032). (See table 24.) The Northeast continued to have the lowest number of separations
(246,062). Excluding the impact of seasonal layoffs, the
West (387,901) and the Midwest (306,903) had the highest
levels of separated workers in extended mass layoff events.
• In 2008, industry sectors for which the expectation of recall was highest following a layoff included arts, entertainment, and recreation (72 percent), mining (67 percent), and
health care and social assistance (67 percent). Layoffs in
the finance and insurance sector and the information sector
had the lowest percentages of recall expectation, less than 1
percent and 10 percent, respectively. (See table 28.)
• Compared with 2007, increases in the number of separations occurred in all four of the regions in 2008, with the
Midwest having the largest increase of 182,054. Eight of
the nine geographic divisions had an increase in separations, with the largest increases in the East North Central
(150,927), Pacific (118,807), and South Atlantic (88,583)
divisions. (See table 24.)
• Employers citing organizational changes (3 percent) and
financial issues (4 percent) had the lowest percentages of
recall expectation. Layoffs due to seasonal reasons registered the highest recall expectations (95 percent), followed
by layoffs due to production-specific reasons (45 percent).
(See table 29.)
• In 2008, California had the largest number of worker separations with 344,602. The States with the next highest totals of separations (including seasonal layoffs) were Illinois
(120,268) and Florida (105,515). (See table 25.) When the
substantial impact of seasonal layoffs is excluded, California still had the highest separations total (289,127), followed by Florida (93,393) and Illinois (77,009).
• In 2008, 14 States—Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii,
Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Wyoming—
reached their highest annual totals of laid-off workers since
annual data became available in 1996. Only Maine and
Virginia reached new lows. Forty-two States and the District of Columbia had over-the-year increases in the number of laid-off workers, led by California (87,296), Florida
(68,221), and Ohio (44,635). Of the eight States reporting
an over-the-year decrease in the number of laid-off workers,
Virginia and Maine experienced the largest declines, with
4,402 and 2,484, respectively. (See table 25.)
• Seventy-eight percent of the initial claimants associated
with extended mass layoff events in 2008 resided within
• Manufacturing industries accounted for 36 percent of layoff
events and 35 percent of separations from which the employer did not expect a recall. Retail trade accounted for the
second highest percentage of separations where no recall
was expected (13 percent), and construction accounted for
the second highest percentage of events (14 percent). (See
table 29.)
• A lack of business demand, particularly from slack work
and contract completion, was cited most frequently for layoffs from which no recall is expected, accounting for 53
percent of such layoff events and 44 percent of separations.
Layoffs due to financial issues accounted for an additional
24 percent of layoff events with no expectation of recall and
29 percent of associated separations. (See table 29.)
Permanent worksite closures
• In 2008, employers reported that 11 percent (or 901 instances) of private nonfarm extended mass layoff events resulted
from a permanent closure of the worksite, affecting 216,322
5
workers, or 14 percent of separations. Separations in permanent closures were due mostly to financial issues (98,021
separations), followed by business demand reasons (51,480)
and organizational reasons (50,429). (See table 30.)
• California registered the highest number of separations in
permanent-closure-related layoff events with 42,569, followed by Florida (27,071) and Ohio (22,651). Between
2007 and 2008, California and Florida reported the largest
increases (by 22,057 and 20,629, respectively) in separations due to closures, while Tennessee and Michigan had
the largest decreases (by 1,991 and 1,933, respectively).
(See table 33.) Four States—Florida, Indiana, Ohio, and
Oklahoma—reached new series highs in terms of closurerelated separated workers in 2008. Two States—Idaho and
Louisiana—reached new series lows.
• Manufacturing accounted for 43 percent of layoff events
and 39 percent of separations resulting in a worksite closure
in 2008. Retail trade accounted for 16 percent of the layoff
events and 24 percent of separations resulting from closures
during the year. (See table 31.) Accommodation and food
services reached a series high for the sector in terms of the
number of closure-related separated workers in 2008 with a
total of 10,789.
• Among the 372 Metropolitan Areas, Los Angeles-Long
Beach-Santa-Ana, CA, reported the highest number of
resident initial claimants in permanent-closure-related extended mass layoff events (14,946), followed by RiversideSan Bernardino-Ontario, CA, (7,854). In 2008, Tampa-St.
Petersburg-Clearwater, FL, entered the top 10 metropolitan
areas this year in terms of the numbers of resident initial
claimants due to permanent closures, replacing DetroitWarren-Livonia, MI. (See table 34.)
• In 2008, general merchandise stores, food services and
drinking places, hospitals, and furniture and home furnishings stores moved into the top 10 three-digit NAICS industries in terms of the number of workers laid off because of
permanent closures. These industries replaced computer
and electronic product manufacturing, textile mills, fabricated metal product manufacturing, and nursing and residential care facilities. (See table 32.)
6
Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2000–08
Initial claimants for
Year/quarter
Events1
Separations1
2000
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,081
1,055
817
1,638
202,500
205,861
174,628
332,973
180,205
186,759
158,394
320,909
Total ……………………………
4,591
915,962
846,267
2001
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,546
1,828
1,629
2,372
304,171
430,499
330,391
459,771
306,535
358,611
336,298
456,068
Total ……………………………
7,375
1,524,832
1,457,512
2002
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,611
1,624
1,186
1,916
299,266
344,606
255,152
373,307
292,998
299,598
254,955
370,592
Total ……………………………
6,337
1,272,331
1,218,143
2003
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,502
1,799
1,190
1,690
286,947
368,273
236,333
325,333
297,608
348,966
227,909
326,328
Total ……………………………
6,181
1,216,886
1,200,811
2004
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,339
1,358
886
1,427
276,503
278,831
164,608
273,967
238,392
254,063
148,575
262,049
Total ……………………………
5,010
993,909
903,079
2005
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,142
1,203
1,136
1,400
186,506
246,099
201,878
250,178
185,486
212,673
190,186
246,188
Total ……………………………
4,881
884,661
834,533
2006
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
963
1,353
929
1,640
183,089
295,964
160,254
296,662
193,510
264,927
161,764
330,954
Total ……………………………
4,885
935,969
951,155
2007
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,110
1,421
1,018
1,814
225,600
278,719
160,024
301,592
199,250
259,234
173,077
347,151
Total ……………………………
5,363
965,935
978,712
2008
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,340
1,756
1,582
3,585
230,098
354,713
290,892
642,154
259,292
339,574
303,774
762,737
Total ……………………………
8,263
1,517,857
1,665,377
1
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all States and the District of Columbia.
7
unemployment insurance1
private
nonfarmdistribution:
sector, 2006–08
Table 2. Industry
extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2006–08
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Industry
2006
2007
2008
4,885
5,363
40
Mining …………………………………………………………
11
Utilities …………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………… 1,062
Manufacturing ………………………………………………
1,368
Food ………………………………………………………
245
26
Beverage and tobacco products …………………………
55
Textile mills …………………………………………………
20
Textile product mills ………………………………………
Apparel ……………………………………………………
53
9
Leather and allied products ………………………………
87
Wood products ……………………………………………
38
Paper ………………………………………………………
Printing and related support activities …………………
36
22
Petroleum and coal products ……………………………
26
Chemicals …………………………………………………
Plastics and rubber products ……………………………
Nonmetallic mineral products ……………………………
Primary metal ………………………………………………
Fabricated metal products ………………………………
Machinery …………………………………………………
Computer and electronic products ………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance ……………………
Transportation equipment ………………………………
Furniture and related products …………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing ……………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………
Information ……………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………
Educational services …………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………
1
Total, private nonfarm ........................................................
Unclassified …………………………………………………
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
8,263
935,969
965,935
1,517,857
951,155
978,712
1,665,377
39
9
1,365
1,366
221
19
39
13
49
5
102
29
37
22
36
55
11
1,724
2,589
280
25
49
24
48
6
215
60
43
24
67
6,911
1,690
125,892
273,574
50,229
3,433
9,083
2,311
7,575
998
10,768
4,946
4,904
3,102
3,490
5,381
1,182
155,401
241,319
43,560
2,341
7,707
2,609
6,244
477
13,985
3,675
5,798
3,175
6,279
9,128
2,032
205,327
484,187
63,964
3,618
9,487
3,320
6,117
678
30,972
9,916
5,603
3,228
9,445
6,122
1,735
157,635
329,136
50,035
3,476
12,227
3,710
6,715
1,021
14,225
4,216
4,468
3,320
2,746
4,794
1,548
192,462
309,670
46,149
2,772
13,711
3,840
6,406
645
16,578
3,701
5,003
3,264
5,078
9,756
2,122
256,109
638,346
58,038
4,386
23,101
4,052
7,032
657
38,947
10,076
6,735
3,315
9,357
71
66
44
63
70
80
45
227
56
29
56
98
41
74
76
84
33
226
79
27
147
177
116
205
147
159
74
575
103
45
10,710
10,737
8,981
7,232
11,498
17,937
11,103
81,278
8,530
4,729
8,725
12,107
6,374
9,944
14,230
14,619
5,375
59,914
9,979
4,202
19,859
24,331
19,633
25,226
27,605
26,471
14,513
155,952
17,583
6,666
12,351
11,319
8,359
9,199
11,632
14,487
13,602
129,116
9,083
3,829
7,076
14,685
8,664
11,786
18,349
13,109
11,185
104,271
10,139
3,259
23,565
27,253
24,666
35,689
39,972
27,097
18,977
245,206
22,965
7,260
84
313
314
113
161
17
155
18
477
23
232
130
286
81
98
288
334
93
373
28
171
28
345
27
260
139
303
93
190
482
489
204
405
51
257
30
671
43
319
179
458
102
13,976
100,104
70,074
18,978
31,064
1,732
44,351
2,582
91,777
2,353
30,076
43,014
67,135
10,686
12,931
119,571
70,916
13,387
66,085
3,841
49,224
4,085
55,806
3,505
40,364
45,208
63,814
13,069
25,247
121,385
102,087
37,988
92,782
6,385
67,400
4,611
141,034
5,504
44,229
52,643
102,325
12,722
10,783
86,519
62,150
23,736
28,671
1,500
35,773
2,530
91,746
2,661
25,184
15,645
59,373
10,256
12,106
72,482
72,684
16,804
67,718
3,792
38,075
3,412
60,473
3,814
30,571
17,109
58,922
11,689
25,057
126,326
97,906
39,258
86,609
6,970
51,071
4,799
150,870
5,623
36,249
22,081
92,605
13,123
–
4
4
–
846
841
–
587
497
239
534
180
525
244
672
55,986
120,792
36,370
157,868
69,328
152,928
60,800
115,032
50,384
109,441
94,669
133,096
2
Selected industry groupings
Clothing manufacturing and distribution ……………………
Food processing and distribution ……………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
8
Table 3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector,
2006–07 and 2007–08
2006–07
2007–08
Industry
Level change
Percent change
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm1 ...................................................
29,966
3.2
551,922
57.1
Mining ..........................................................................
Utilities .........................................................................
Construction .................................................................
Manufacturing ..............................................................
Food .........................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products ..............................
Textile mills ..............................................................
Textile product mills .................................................
Apparel ....................................................................
Leather and allied products .....................................
Wood products .........................................................
Paper .......................................................................
Printing and related support activities ......................
Petroleum and coal products ...................................
Chemicals ................................................................
-1,530
-508
29,509
-32,255
-6,669
-1,092
-1,376
298
-1,331
-521
3,217
-1,271
894
73
2,789
-22.1
-30.1
23.4
-11.8
-13.3
-31.8
-15.1
12.9
-17.6
-52.2
29.9
-25.7
18.2
2.4
79.9
3,747
850
49,926
242,868
20,404
1,277
1,780
711
-127
201
16,987
6,241
-195
53
3,166
69.6
71.9
32.1
100.6
46.8
54.5
23.1
27.3
-2.0
42.1
121.5
169.8
-3.4
1.7
50.4
Plastics and rubber products ...................................
Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................
Primary metal ...........................................................
Fabricated metal products .......................................
Machinery ................................................................
Computer and electronic products ...........................
Electrical equipment and appliance .........................
Transportation equipment ........................................
Furniture and related products .................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................
-1,985
1,370
-2,607
2,712
2,732
-3,318
-5,728
-21,364
1,449
-527
-18.5
12.8
-29.0
37.5
23.8
-18.5
-51.6
-26.3
17.0
-11.1
11,134
12,224
13,259
15,282
13,375
11,852
9,138
96,038
7,604
2,464
127.6
101.0
208.0
153.7
94.0
81.1
170.0
160.3
76.2
58.6
Wholesale trade ...........................................................
Retail trade ..................................................................
Transportation and warehousing .................................
Information ...................................................................
Finance and insurance ................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..............................
Professional and technical services .............................
Management of companies and enterprises ................
Administrative and waste services ...............................
Educational services ....................................................
Health care and social assistance ...............................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .............................
Accommodation and food services ..............................
Other services, except public administration ...............
-1,045
19,467
842
-5,591
35,021
2,109
4,873
1,503
-35,971
1,152
10,288
2,194
-3,321
2,383
-7.5
19.4
1.2
-29.5
112.7
121.8
11.0
58.2
-39.2
49.0
34.2
5.1
-4.9
22.3
12,316
1,814
31,171
24,601
26,697
2,544
18,176
526
85,228
1,999
3,865
7,435
38,511
-347
95.2
1.5
44.0
183.8
40.4
66.2
36.9
12.9
152.7
57.0
9.6
16.4
60.3
-2.7
Unclassified .................................................................
846
(3)
-5
-.6
-19,616
37,076
-35.0
30.7
32,958
-4,940
47.5
-3.1
2
Selected industry groupings
Clothing manufacturing and distribution …………………
Food processing and distribution …………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings.
3
Percentage could not be calculated because the denominator is zero.
9
Table 4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest
three-digit NAICS industries, 2007–08
Industry
2
NAICS
2007
Events
Separations
2008
Rank
1
Events
Separations
Rank1
Total, private nonfarm ......................................
…
5,363
965,935
…
8,263
1,517,857
…
Total, 50 highest industries .........................................
…
4,995
910,029
…
7,717
1,445,531
…
Transportation equipment manufacturing ………………
Administrative and support services ……………………
Specialty trade contractors ………………………………
Heavy and civil engineering construction ………………
Food services and drinking places ………………………
Professional and technical services ……………………
Food manufacturing ………………………………………
Credit intermediation and related activities ……………
Transit and ground passenger transportation …………
General merchandise stores ……………………………
336
561
238
237
722
541
311
522
485
452
226
341
608
541
204
171
221
288
221
69
59,914
55,500
60,697
68,568
43,312
49,224
43,560
49,818
51,926
19,136
4
5
3
1
10
8
9
7
6
15
575
661
795
630
287
257
280
256
221
119
155,952
140,173
83,992
83,229
68,228
67,400
63,964
63,166
45,924
44,495
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Construction of buildings …………………………………
Amusements, gambling, and recreation ………………
Accommodation ……………………………………………
Wood product manufacturing ……………………………
Machinery manufacturing …………………………………
Computer and electronic product manufacturing ………
Social assistance …………………………………………
Fabricated metal product manufacturing ………………
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ……………
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing …………
236
713
721
321
333
334
624
332
327
326
216
53
99
102
76
84
203
74
98
56
26,136
34,428
20,502
13,985
14,230
14,619
25,742
9,944
12,107
8,725
12
11
14
19
18
17
13
24
20
25
299
90
171
215
147
159
218
205
177
147
38,106
37,756
34,097
30,972
27,605
26,471
25,897
25,226
24,331
19,859
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Primary metal manufacturing ……………………………
Furniture and related product manufacturing …………
Insurance carriers and related activities ………………
Couriers and messengers ………………………………
Nonstore retailers …………………………………………
Truck transportation ………………………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing ……
Performing arts and spectator sports ……………………
Clothing and clothing accessories stores ………………
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods …………………
331
337
524
492
454
484
335
711
448
423
41
79
61
14
39
44
33
82
26
43
6,374
9,979
12,104
3,977
15,561
6,016
5,375
10,213
4,093
5,596
29
23
21
46
16
32
36
22
43
35
116
103
93
36
60
103
74
83
49
106
19,633
17,583
16,872
15,108
15,054
14,554
14,513
14,025
13,091
12,849
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Hospitals ……………………………………………………
Air transportation …………………………………………
Securities, commodity contracts, investments …………
Motion picture and sound recording industries …………
Food and beverage stores ………………………………
Telecommunications ………………………………………
Publishing industries, except Internet …………………
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ……………
Paper manufacturing ……………………………………
Textile mills …………………………………………………
622
481
523
512
445
517
511
424
322
313
26
4
23
27
51
22
24
48
29
39
8,244
577
4,083
5,359
64,003
2,638
2,632
6,717
3,675
7,707
26
71
45
37
2
55
56
28
48
27
47
43
52
27
39
65
83
66
60
49
12,811
12,607
12,373
12,246
11,215
10,780
10,713
10,142
9,916
9,487
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Chemical manufacturing …………………………………
Building material and garden supply stores ……………
Furniture and home furnishings stores …………………
Electronics and appliance stores ………………………
Motor vehicle and parts dealers …………………………
Membership associations and organizations …………
Miscellaneous manufacturing ……………………………
Water transportation ………………………………………
Apparel manufacturing ……………………………………
Printing and related support activities …………………
325
444
442
443
441
813
339
483
315
323
36
21
14
30
9
51
27
15
49
37
6,279
3,279
3,044
4,735
916
5,932
4,202
2,604
6,244
5,798
30
50
52
39
68
33
42
58
31
34
67
49
29
22
70
58
45
23
48
43
9,445
8,644
8,078
8,035
7,223
6,666
6,666
6,639
6,117
5,603
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2008.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
10
Table 5. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS
industries, 2006–08
Industry
NAICS
2006
Separations
2007
Rank
1
Separations
2008
Rank
1
Separations
Rank
Total, private nonfarm2 ..........................................
…
935,969
…
965,935
…
1,517,857
…
Total, 50 highest industries ........................................
…
538,955
…
544,495
…
817,635
…
Temporary help services ……………………………………
Highway, street, and bridge construction …………………
Professional employer organizations ………………………
School and employee bus transportation …………………
Automobile manufacturing …………………………………
Food service contractors ……………………………………
Tax preparation services ……………………………………
Real estate credit ……………………………………………
Discount department stores …………………………………
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels …………………
561320
237310
561330
485410
336111
722310
541213
522292
452112
721110
30,416
41,100
36,803
40,349
21,330
32,051
25,601
4,935
14,522
20,092
5
1
3
2
7
4
6
39
14
8
19,972
47,686
6,552
47,560
16,998
32,238
24,703
23,077
10,870
17,061
7
2
27
3
10
4
5
6
14
8
53,208
50,787
41,588
41,427
40,728
39,675
32,613
26,658
21,142
20,941
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Skiing facilities ………………………………………………
Department stores, except discount ………………………
Fruit and vegetable canning ………………………………
Child day care services ……………………………………
Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing ………………
Commercial building construction …………………………
Couriers and express delivery services ……………………
Nonresidential electrical contractors ………………………
Commercial banking …………………………………………
All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing ………………
713920
452111
311421
624410
336112
236220
492110
238212
522110
336399
17,548
16,713
10,126
14,696
13,812
7,331
5,055
8,608
2,754
5,107
10
11
18
12
15
21
35
19
69
33
16,481
6,751
10,851
17,059
5,852
9,470
3,977
9,341
7,821
4,253
11
26
15
9
28
16
47
17
20
44
20,706
20,058
18,473
17,301
17,193
16,824
15,108
14,249
13,480
13,258
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Full-service restaurants ……………………………………
Casino hotels …………………………………………………
Oil and gas pipeline construction …………………………
Industrial building construction ……………………………
General medical and surgical hospitals ……………………
Mail-order houses ……………………………………………
Amusement and theme parks ………………………………
Scheduled passenger air transportation …………………
All other plastics product manufacturing …………………
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing ………………………
722110
721120
237120
236210
622110
454113
713110
481111
326199
327320
4,937
5,099
3,666
6,628
2,990
14,628
12,390
6,519
5,961
6,148
38
34
53
23
64
13
16
24
27
26
4,847
3,441
4,961
7,451
8,154
12,058
16,261
446
3,917
7,699
37
60
35
23
18
13
12
297
48
22
13,133
12,957
12,859
12,765
12,535
12,020
12,009
10,703
10,558
10,495
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors …………
Heavy duty truck manufacturing ……………………………
Supermarkets and other grocery stores …………………
Nonresidential drywall contractors …………………………
Sawmills ………………………………………………………
Motion picture and video production ………………………
Telemarketing and other contact centers …………………
Savings institutions …………………………………………
Motor home manufacturing …………………………………
Semiconductors and related device manufacturing ………
238222
336120
445110
238312
321113
512110
561422
522120
336213
334413
5,528
2,535
19,629
4,062
2,972
6,216
2,522
2,884
697
2,692
29
74
9
50
65
25
75
66
222
71
6,981
5,730
61,988
4,373
3,738
3,208
3,189
4,613
1,486
3,880
24
31
1
43
52
63
65
40
133
50
10,197
9,824
9,505
9,123
8,949
8,866
8,837
8,266
7,940
7,840
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Landscaping services ………………………………………
Fresh and frozen seafood processing ……………………
Iron and steel mills …………………………………………
Other heavy construction ……………………………………
Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing …
Wired telecommunications carriers ………………………
Frozen fruit and vegetable manufacturing …………………
Home centers …………………………………………………
Motor vehicle metal stamping ………………………………
Boat building …………………………………………………
561730
311712
331111
237990
336360
517110
311411
444110
336370
336612
7,247
10,198
4,210
4,083
8,531
3,190
4,780
4,209
3,840
1,015
22
17
47
49
20
61
40
48
52
175
7,804
7,831
790
4,912
5,802
1,963
2,582
2,812
2,103
902
21
19
200
36
30
106
78
72
95
179
7,706
7,659
7,513
7,393
7,213
7,111
7,109
7,088
7,087
6,958
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2008.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
11
1
Table 6. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
Table
6. Reason
layoff:2006–08
extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2006–08
private
nonfarmforsector,
Reason for layoff1
Layoff events
Separations
Initial claimants for unemployment insurance
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons ...............
4,885
5,363
8,263
935,969
965,935
1,517,857
951,155
978,712
1,665,377
Business demand ....................................................
1,788
1,888
3,389
257,878
248,056
516,922
351,092
359,654
731,804
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion ..............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown .........................................
71
1,056
141
946
7
40
54
10,813
146,069
(3)
3
( )
10,458
11,165
107,461
1,769
7,424
11,589
24,261
133,801
1,416
8,111
9,679
10,357
183,699
(3)
3
( )
64
73
897
15
38
73
(3)
3
( )
11,847
10,740
144,752
1,512
8,521
15,519
25,411
176,858
2,188
7,820
10,399
597
792
2,201
90,538
108,648
339,654
145,189
178,610
509,128
Organizational changes ...........................................
597
397
517
149,893
124,175
123,349
148,304
73,922
119,929
Business-ownership change .................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .........
124
473
101
296
93
424
41,716
108,177
72,914
51,261
45,375
77,974
26,443
121,861
16,201
57,721
18,184
101,745
Financial issues .......................................................
221
455
764
50,380
101,556
165,652
37,213
92,659
145,769
Bankruptcy ............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
56
136
352
276
15,838
(3)
34,542
17,377
34,443
49,736
40,553
53,773
71,326
7,578
(3)
165
65
176
214
(3)
29,635
9,237
41,312
42,110
24,199
64,827
56,743
Production specific ..................................................
94
84
107
30,184
19,686
27,181
21,137
23,552
25,512
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued .....................................
(4)
8
(4)
1,851
1,781
(4)
14
18
13
(4)
(3)
11,313
1,486
4,278
2,201
9,688
(4)
2,637
4,927
1,163
(4)
(3)
7,363
2,146
2,649
1,757
6,030
(4)
1,670
7,041
1,520
(4)
3,141
1,237
1,703
1,308
5,505
9,134
3,446
617
3,351
2,117
(4)
(4)
(3)
18
10
9
12
36
12
10
21
19
15
3
16
11
(4)
2,482
1,419
2,059
4,847
2,478
6,205
3,940
933
2,830
2,220
Disaster/safety .........................................................
62
32
58
7,630
3,388
9,165
7,838
3,010
8,442
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Non-natural disaster .............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
4
5
5
48
(4)
(4)
(4)
4
( )
4
( )
(4)
4
51
(4)
476
2,068
(4)
1,098
7,694
479
655
1,449
5,255
(4)
(4)
5
22
688
840
1,546
4,556
(4)
440
2,046
(4)
813
7,275
Seasonal ..................................................................
1,725
1,880
1,982
355,091
364,276
393,109
304,644
318,866
348,835
Seasonal ...............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........
1,613
112
1,479
401
1,589
393
337,531
17,560
290,527
73,749
326,592
66,517
287,278
17,366
245,509
73,357
280,584
68,251
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
398
627
1,446
84,913
104,798
282,479
80,927
107,049
285,086
Other .....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
94
192
112
41
205
381
90
299
1,057
18,283
46,754
19,876
6,684
38,088
60,026
15,329
78,856
188,294
15,452
46,741
18,734
7,959
38,035
61,055
19,163
78,185
187,738
2
(4)
17
7
11
Beginning
thethe
publication
of data
for the
of 2007,
the presentation
of data by
Beginningwith
with
publication
of data
for first
the quarter
first quarter
of 2007,
the presentation
economic reasons for extended mass layoffs was improved. Clearer definitions and titles for many
of data by economic reasons for extended mass layoffs was improved. Clearer
current reasons were introduced, and seven higher level categories were identified, within which
definitions
and titles reasons
for manywere
current
reasons
were introduced,
and seven
level
the
detailed economic
classified.
In addition,
four new reasons
werehigher
added.
Use of
these
new reasons
began withwithin
first- quarter
2007
data. For
additional
information
the changes
categories
were identified,
which the
detailed
economic
reasons
wereon
classified.
2008
2006
2007
2008
to MLS
reasons,
see http://www.bls.gov/mls/.
quarter
2007
data. please
For additional
information on the changes
to MLS reasons, please
See footnote 1, table 1.
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
See
footnote
table
1. or State agency disclosure standards. 4
Data
do not1,
meet
BLS
2
see http://www.bls.gov/mls/.
3
2
3 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
4
In addition, four new reasons were added. Use of these new reasons began with first-
12
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Table 7. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006–07 and 2007–08
2006–07
Reason for layoff
Level change
1
Percent change
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons .....................................
29,966
3.2
551,922
57.1
Business demand ..........................................................................
-9,822
-3.8
268,866
108.4
Contract cancellation ..................................................................
Contract completion ...................................................................
Domestic competition .................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................
Import competition ......................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ...............................................................
352
-38,608
3.3
-26.4
117.3
24.5
-20.0
9.3
-16.5
212.6
( )
2
( )
1,131
( )
2
( )
10.8
13,096
26,340
-353
687
-1,910
18,110
20.0
231,006
Organizational changes .................................................................
-25,718
-17.2
-826
-0.7
Business-ownership change ......................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ...............................
31,198
-56,916
74.8
-52.6
-27,539
26,713
-37.8
52.1
Financial issues .............................................................................
51,176
101.6
64,096
63.1
Bankruptcy ..................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................
Financial difficulty .......................................................................
1,539
( 2( ) )
15,194
9.7
(2)
44.0
23,176
19,330
21,590
133.4
56.1
43.4
Production specific ........................................................................
-10,498
-34.8
7,495
38.1
Automation/technological advances ...........................................
Energy related ............................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .......................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..................................
Material or supply shortage ........................................................
Model changeover ......................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .........................................
Product line discontinued ...........................................................
783
73.3
-148
-8.0
(3)
(2)
-6,386
-323
(3)
(2)
-56.4
-21.7
(3)
2,868
4,207
2,283
(3)
108.8
85.4
196.3
(3)
940
-8,451
(3)
42.7
-87.2
(3)
210
880
(3)
6.7
71.1
Disaster/safety
y ...............................................................................
-4,242
,
-55.6
5,777
,
170.5
Hazardous work environment .....................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................................
Nonnatural disaster ....................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................................
(3)
3
( )
(3)
3
( )
3
( )
-1,070
-2,488
3
( )
-69.2
-54.6
3
( )
622
5,626
(3)
130.7
272.1
Seasonal .......................................................................................
9,185
2.6
28,833
7.9
Seasonal ....................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .............................
-47,004
56,189
-13.9
320.0
36,065
-7,232
12.4
-9.8
2
2
2
Other/miscellaneous ......................................................................
19,885
23.4
177,681
169.5
Other ...........................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .........................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................................
-11,599
-8,666
40,150
-63.4
-18.5
202.0
8,645
40,768
128,268
129.3
107.0
213.7
1
2007–08
See footnote 1, table 1.
See
footnote
tablewith
1. first-quarter 2007 data.
Use
of this
reason1,began
Use
this
reason
with first
quarterstandards.
2007 data.
Data
doof
not
meet
BLS orbegan
State agency
disclosure
2
1
3
2
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
13
1
Table8.8.Number
Number
separations
in extended
mass
layoff
events
by State
and
by selected
level category
for1 layoff,
Table
ofof
separations
in extended
mass
layoff
events
by State
and by
selected
higherhigher
level category
for layoff,
private
2008
privatenonfarm
nonfarmsector,
sector,
2008
Separations
State
Total
Business
demand
Total, private nonfarm2 ...........
1,517,857
516,922
123,349
165,652
27,181
9,165
393,109
Alabama ............................................
Alaska ...............................................
Arizona ..............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ...........................................
Colorado ...........................................
Connecticut .......................................
Delaware ...........................................
District of Columbia ...........................
Florida ...............................................
Georgia .............................................
Hawaii ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
13,237
11,212
11,578
7,752
344,602
23,123
9,484
1,305
1,091
105,515
15,504
8,415
12,904
4,702
2,037
4,021
98,613
2,599
1,275
667
–
58,430
9,648
4,876
3,634
885
–
–
808
38,354
2,749
–
1,800
634
50,402
2,357
–
–
–
316
3,926
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,295
11,212
2,700
747
55,475
17,015
3,694
468
696
12,122
–
Illinois ................................................
Indiana ..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Maine ................................................
Maryland ...........................................
Massachusetts ..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Minnesota .........................................
Mississippi ........................................
Missouri ............................................
120,268
46,816
10,208
8,042
17,689
17,248
4,220
7,212
16,684
81,706
28,618
10,176
37,623
52,796
27,708
4,340
2,439
8,654
6,281
685
1,292
5,981
42,170
5,029
6,498
8,201
13,672
4,519
Montana ............................................
Nebraska ..........................................
Nevada .............................................
New Hampshire ................................
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota .....................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma .........................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
3,278
2,782
18,926
1,842
53,436
5,662
86,012
11,582
1,364
88,507
7,670
26,616
70,035
1,095
263
9,054
640
6,773
2,055
15,074
4,297
565
46,226
3,238
9,650
15,030
–
–
650
–
5,797
959
5,439
1,913
–
5,936
( )
6,202
–
10,090
–
4,148
4,096
–
11,661
(3)
3
( )
2,388
(3)
582
3,164
Rhode Island .....................................
South Carolina ..................................
South Dakota ....................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Vermont ............................................
Virginia ..............................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia .....................................
Wisconsin .........................................
Wyoming ...........................................
2,408
18,853
695
19,610
38,577
9,812
1,941
10,347
24,377
2,858
33,908
4,527
( )
3,562
661
( )
(3)
–
991
5,439
–
–
(3)
–
1,022
8,089
Puerto Rico .......................................
4,391
3
3
( )
6,675
11,483
4,547
731
1,883
6,047
1,766
3,028
Organizational
changes
Financial
issues
(3)
3
( )
3
( )
3
( )
11,819
958
–
3
( )
–
–
11,862
4,530
3
( )
3
( )
3
( )
8,404
4,373
395
865
1,118
701
(3)
1,250
1,719
–
–
330
814
3,936
–
(3)
786
4,861
3,986
4,596
2,125
2,004
(3)
3,335
–
3
3
3
( )
(3)
747
1,215
3
(3)
( )
3,876
–
2,360
–
2,464
666
(3)
3
( )
(3)
624
Production
specific
3
( )
1,205
–
–
658
645
1,652
640
(3)
749
(3)
–
(3)
–
3
( )
–
–
1,833
(3)
–
–
–
594
3
( )
4,751
550
–
1,697
–
1,815
3
( )
–
379
–
462
–
–
–
3
( )
(3)
–
3
( )
(3)
–
–
–
–
(3)
–
–
–
(3)
(3)
488
579
3
( )
3,643
–
–
(3)
–
–
(3)
(3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
307
–
–
–
3
( )
1,525
–
–
–
Seasonal
3
( )
2,290
43,259
8,074
3,832
1,026
4,541
2,364
2,981
910
4,771
12,820
18,855
505
15,904
1,514
1,651
1,468
1,202
25,123
1,019
30,132
(3)
799
22,246
1,022
10,720
15,517
1,229
1,511
536
3,455
3,481
4,055
1,110
2,898
5,612
( )
–
(3)
–
–
–
(3)
24,632
3,950
440
–
(3)
3
1
The higher level category "other/miscellaneous" is not displayed.
3
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
14
Disaster/safety
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Table 9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations,
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2008
Layoff events
Industry
Work moved
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Total, private nonfarm1........................................................
332
5,949
60,950
1,063,798
55,731
1,260,811
Mining ..............................................................................
Utilities .............................................................................
Construction ....................................................................
Manufacturing ..................................................................
Food ............................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products ..................................
Textile mills ..................................................................
Textile product mills .....................................................
Apparel ........................................................................
Leather and allied products .........................................
Wood products ............................................................
Paper ...........................................................................
Printing and related support activities .........................
Petroleum and coal products .......................................
–
–
( 2)
219
14
–
–
( 2)
40,532
3,652
( 2)
560
1,454
995
–
6,014
1,162
136,212
387,292
24,275
2,290
8,250
3,003
4,625
481
28,780
7,942
3,878
926
–
–
( 2)
39,510
3,074
( 2)
4
12
6
–
31
8
1,191
2,089
119
16
43
21
37
4
198
45
30
8
( 2)
448
1,498
592
–
6,136
1,409
179,074
542,727
24,288
2,789
21,623
3,787
5,487
511
36,364
7,749
5,292
887
Chemicals ....................................................................
Plastics and rubber products .......................................
Nonmetallic mineral products ......................................
Primary metal ..............................................................
Fabricated metal products ...........................................
Machinery ....................................................................
Computer and electronic products ..............................
Electrical equipment and appliance .............................
Transportation equipment ...........................................
Furniture and related products ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................
9
10
3
5
13
13
28
19
49
8
6
57
132
132
111
185
117
131
55
519
94
35
1,779
1,238
546
2,185
1,843
2,435
4,664
3,656
9,994
1,554
849
7,571
18,084
16,846
17,448
22,738
22,150
21,807
10,857
144,340
15,929
5,072
1,284
1,260
288
1,989
1,777
2,192
3,772
3,029
12,851
1,433
862
7,949
21,633
20,356
22,677
32,657
31,922
23,325
15,948
230,718
21,410
5,355
Wholesale trade ..............................................................
Retail trade ......................................................................
Transportation and warehousing .....................................
Information ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ....................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................
Professional and technical services ................................
Management of companies and enterprises ...................
Administrative and waste services ..................................
Educational services .......................................................
Health care and social assistance ...................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .................................
Accommodation and food services .................................
Other services, except public administration ...................
17
16
14
12
25
–
6
–
14
–
5
2,131
2,475
4,683
1,919
4,099
–
1,484
–
2,500
–
660
( 2)
–
( 2)
20,093
86,791
53,281
33,955
88,683
5,635
28,004
3,905
123,920
3,619
19,495
9,065
49,836
5,995
1,664
2,859
1,825
2,441
3,074
–
1,053
–
2,272
–
470
( 2)
–
( 2)
151
365
255
179
380
44
185
25
562
25
113
52
242
48
( 2)
–
( 2)
20,392
87,956
51,353
33,450
83,535
6,252
27,692
4,057
133,330
3,547
12,781
8,108
51,945
6,570
Unclassified .....................................................................
–
4
–
841
–
497
( 2)
6
3
7
See
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.
1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
DataDash
do not
meet BLSzero.
or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE:
represents
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
11
2
2
15
( 2)
1,237
317
1,150
( 2)
1,478
265
1,114
Table 10. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations,
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008
Layoff events
Reason for layoff
Work moved
Total, private nonfarm1 ........................................
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
332
5,949
60,950
1,063,798
55,731
1,260,811
Business demand .........................................................
87
3,302
19,039
497,883
20,084
711,720
Contract cancellation .................................................
Contract completion ...................................................
Domestic competition .................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................
Import competition .....................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..............................................
( )
( )
( )
2
( )
2
( )
4,525
24,082
133,655
762
7,921
5,154
( )
( )
2
( )
2
( )
28
139
944
5
39
26
( )
2
( )
2
( )
5,003
25,156
176,555
1,737
7,642
5,396
52
2,149
13,345
326,309
13,894
495,234
Organizational changes ................................................
152
365
26,218
97,131
21,915
98,014
Business-ownership change ......................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............
24
128
69
296
5,416
20,802
39,959
57,172
2,805
19,110
15,379
82,635
Financial issues ............................................................
77
687
12,618
153,034
11,108
134,661
2
2
2
( )
63
2
2
2
( )
2
2
2
( )
( 2)
135
289
263
8,777
( 2)
40,197
44,996
67,841
8,619
( 2)
23,836
56,208
54,617
Production specific ........................................................
5
102
799
26,382
776
24,736
Automation/technological advances ..........................
Energy related ............................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................
Material or supply shortage ........................................
Model changeover ......................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance
p
........................
Product line discontinued ...........................................
–
–
12
–
–
1,703
–
–
2,059
Bankruptcy .................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............
Financial difficulty .......................................................
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
19
19
14
( 2)
16
10
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
5,133
9,134
3,316
( 2)
( 2)
3,351
,
2,040
( 2)
–
( 2)
( 2)
–
( 2)
2,269
6,205
3,721
( 2)
( 2)
2,830
,
2,077
Disaster/safety ..............................................................
6
52
1,361
7,804
1,226
7,216
Hazardous work environment ....................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................
Nonnatural disaster ....................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................
–
–
2
( )
–
–
( 2)
–
–
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( )
( 2)
47
( 2)
( 2)
( )
( 2)
7,206
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
6,675
5
1,441
1,441
915
281,564
622
284,464
14,794
78,476
188,294
2
18,693
78,033
187,738
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................
Other ..........................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................
2
2
( )
86
( )
( 2)
–
298
1,057
( 2)
–
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.1.
See
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Data
do
not
meet
BLS orzero.
State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
11
2
2
2
16
2
( )
( 2)
–
Table 11. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial
claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2008
Layoff events
Separations
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Census region and division
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
United States1 .......................................................
332
5,949
60,950
1,063,798
55,731
1,260,811
Northeast ........................................................................
48
855
7,354
152,949
6,103
176,853
New England ..............................................................
Middle Atlantic ............................................................
10
38
140
715
1,336
6,018
20,256
132,693
1,224
4,879
21,970
154,883
South ..............................................................................
88
1,340
15,439
254,202
15,638
278,074
South Atlantic .............................................................
East South Central .....................................................
West South Central ....................................................
34
32
22
745
279
316
4,770
5,093
5,576
150,322
45,823
58,057
4,455
5,619
5,564
157,157
54,976
65,941
Midwest ...........................................................................
126
1,360
24,658
282,245
24,489
387,323
East North Central ......................................................
West North Central .....................................................
93
33
1,105
255
18,094
6,564
242,080
40,165
16,435
8,054
335,724
51,599
West ...............................................................................
70
2,394
13,499
374,402
9,501
418,561
Mountain .....................................................................
Pacific .........................................................................
6
64
312
2,082
1,431
12,068
54,368
320,034
761
8,740
55,935
362,626
See
footnote1,1,
table
See footnote
table
1. 1.
NOTE:
TheStates
States
the District
of Columbia)
make
up
NOTE: The
(and(and
the District
of Columbia)
that makethat
up the
census
New England—Connecticut,
Maine,
Massachusetts, New
thedivisions
Censusare:divisions
are as follows: New
England—Connecticut,
Hampshire,
Rhode Island,
and Hampshire,
Vermont; Middle
Atlantic—New
Jersey,
New
Maine,
Massachusetts,
New
Rhode
Island, and
Vermont;
York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia,
Middle
Jersey,
York, South
and Pennsylvania;
South
Florida,Atlantic—New
Georgia, Maryland,
NorthNew
Carolina,
Carolina, Virginia,
and
Atlantic—Delaware,
District
of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia,
Maryland,
West Virginia; East South
Central—Alabama,
Kentucky,
Mississippi,
and
North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East
1
1
South Central—Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, and Tennessee;
Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and
West East
South
Central—Arkansas,
Louisiana,
Oklahoma,
Texas;
Texas;
North
Central—Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan,
Ohio, and and
Wisconsin;
EastNorth
NorthCentral—Iowa,
Central—Illinois,
Indiana,
Michigan,
Ohio,Nebraska,
and Wisconsin;
West
Kansas,
Minnesota,
Missouri,
North
Dakota,
and South
Dakota; Mountain—Arizona,
Colorado,
Idaho, Nebraska,
Montana,
West North
Central—Iowa,
Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri,
Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado,
Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
17
Table 12. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit
exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2008
Initial claims for unemployment
insurance
Characteristic
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………
Final payments for
unemployment insurance
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
55,731
1,260,811
14,594
165,307
26.2
13.1
8,122
18,568
16,436
12,250
355
255,909
450,553
333,857
209,009
11,483
1,856
4,603
4,372
3,714
49
33,644
58,273
41,561
31,466
363
22.9
24.8
26.6
30.3
13.8
13.1
12.9
12.4
15.1
3.2
29,484
24,885
1,362
820,377
431,332
9,102
6,837
7,433
324
94,614
69,997
696
23.2
29.9
23.8
11.5
16.2
7.6
32,863
9,005
6,329
364
2,277
4,893
719,041
183,914
211,505
8,737
41,282
96,332
7,583
3,038
1,963
73
597
1,340
81,994
31,395
30,775
1,115
6,384
13,644
23.1
33.7
31.0
20.1
26.2
27.4
11.4
17.1
14.6
12.8
15.5
14.2
Age
Under 30 years of age ……………………
30–44 ………………………………………
45–54 ………………………………………
55 years of age or over …………………
Not available ………………………………
Gender
Male ………………………………………
Female ……………………………………
Not available ………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White ………………………………………
Black ………………………………………
Hispanic origin ……………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………
Not available ………………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
Table 13. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2007–08
Layoff events
Action
Separations
2007
2008
Total private nonfarm …………………………………………
5,363
8,263
965,935
1,517,857
Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2…………
3,483
6,281
601,659
1,124,748
Total, movement of work3 ………………………………
267
332
46,459
60,950
Movement of work actions …………………………
352
443
( 4( )4 )
( 4( )4 )
With separations reported ………………………
253
319
30,179
35,076
99
124
( 4( )4 )
( 4( )4 )
1
With separations unknown ……………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
The questions on movement of work were not
asked of employers when the reason for layoff was
2007
2008
either "seasonal work" or "vacation period."
3
Movement of work can involve more than one action.
4
Data are not available.
18
Table 14. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations
is known by employers, 2007–08
1
Separations
Actions
Activities
2007
2008
2007
2008
253
319
30,179
35,076
Out-of-country relocations …………………………….......
Within company …………………………………..………
Different company …………..................………………
85
72
13
95
83
12
11,856
9,887
1,969
11,431
10,392
1,039
Domestic relocations ………......................………………
Within company …………………………………….……
Different company ……………………………….………
166
147
19
223
200
23
18,073
15,846
2,227
23,370
20,943
2,427
2
1
250
275
Within company ………………............................…………
Domestic ……………………..............................………
Out of country ……………….........................…………
Unable to assign …………………………………………
221
147
72
2
283
200
83
25,983
15,846
9,887
250
31,335
20,943
10,392
Different company ………………………………………....
Domestic …………………………………………………
Out of country ……………………………………………
Unable to assign …………………………………………
32
19
13
–
36
23
12
1
4,196
2,227
1,969
–
3,741
2,427
1,039
275
With separations reported2………………………………….
By location
Unable to assign place of relocation ………………………
By company
1
Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 15. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector,
2007–08
Layoff events
Number of workers
2
Total, private nonfarm ……
50–99 ……………………………
100–149 ………………………
150–199 ………………………
200–299 ………………………
300–499 ………………………
500–999 ………………………
1,000 or more …………………
Separations
1
Number
2007
2008
2007
2008
5,363
8,263
100.0
100.0
2,401
1,274
530
557
351
167
83
3,443
1,956
885
981
574
293
131
44.8
23.8
9.9
10.4
6.5
3.1
1.5
41.7
23.7
10.7
11.9
6.9
3.5
1.6
1
Due to rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
19
Percent1
Number
Percent
2007
2008
2007
2008
965,935
1,517,857
100.0
100.0
168,321
149,651
88,754
129,305
125,821
110,108
193,975
244,399
230,029
148,578
228,149
210,350
195,623
260,729
17.4
15.5
9.2
13.4
13.0
11.4
20.1
16.1
15.2
9.8
15.0
13.9
12.9
17.2
Table 16. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector,
2001–08
Average number of separations
Measure
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Total, private nonfarm 1 ...................................
207
201
197
198
181
192
180
184
Industry
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
215
202
144
192
161
289
297
186
149
178
140
191
161
329
243
196
158
135
140
183
181
308
250
259
153
228
137
173
169
418
213
215
134
140
127
173
131
237
225
202
173
154
119
200
166
320
223
168
138
131
114
177
132
415
212
144
166
185
119
187
133
252
209
186
Finance and insurance …………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
190
230
199
209
283
110
137
316
217
138
206
193
173
224
248
221
114
136
372
206
159
163
193
166
194
195
222
182
137
275
215
132
161
216
299
220
176
208
89
156
273
219
169
125
172
140
268
156
185
238
140
386
210
145
200
193
102
286
143
192
102
130
331
235
132
–
177
137
288
146
162
130
155
325
211
141
212
229
125
262
154
210
128
139
294
223
125
210
Business demand .....................................................
Contract cancellation .............................................
Contract completion ..............................................
Domestic competition ............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .......................
Import competition .................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown .........................................
174
177
186
172
190
180
168
297
170
181
166
220
154
161
168
144
152
138
3
( )
( 3)
207
3
( )
( 3)
214
3
( )
( 3)
158
3
( )
( 3)
198
3
( )
( 3)
163
131
153
120
118
195
159
153
172
141
202
203
179
167
163
143
132
131
152
137
154
Organizational changes ...........................................
Business-ownership change .................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .........
220
267
207
204
230
198
209
271
198
200
238
191
188
222
179
251
336
229
313
722
173
239
488
184
Financial issues ........................................................
Bankruptcy ............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .......
Financial difficulty ..................................................
303
470
270
359
261
341
205
224
207
238
228
283
( 3)
231
( 3)
226
( 3)
217
( 3)
197
( 3)
187
( 3)
209
223
267
196
232
217
298
153
258
Production specific ...................................................
Automation/technological advances ......................
Energy related .......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............
Material or supply shortage ...................................
Model changeover .................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued ......................................
229
127
274
163
171
353
308
203
172
425
220
–
237
181
246
321
134
150
( 3)
304
99
372
143
248
( 3)
192
159
283
157
123
( 3)
861
121
368
138
177
( 3)
966
77
269
148
204
( 3)
344
138
362
133
186
( 3)
629
149
475
183
269
234
231
392
188
274
89
723
185
177
254
142
131
262
481
230
206
209
192
Disaster/safety .........................................................
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................
Nonnatural disaster ...............................................
Extreme weather-related event .............................
142
123
155
235
107
131
239
135
139
120
175
209
252
168
162
134
459
138
130
123
155
255
254
165
154
123
172
168
309
95
106
120
202
95
94
158
120
127
275
151
Seasonal ..................................................................
Seasonal ...............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........
206
207
194
211
212
178
201
202
193
197
199
160
195
197
156
206
209
157
194
196
184
198
206
169
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
Other .....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ....................................
Data not provided: Does not know ........................
199
212
197
159
214
187
276
190
201
175
218
174
213
218
227
178
208
178
238
184
213
195
244
177
167
163
186
158
195
170
264
178
Domestic relocation ..................................................
Overseas relocation .................................................
185
199
195
251
161
213
5
( )
( 5)
( 5)
( 5)
( 5)
5
( )
5
( )
5
( )
5
( )
( 5)
304
185
230
259
189
213
229
183
201
214
181
222
192
178
187
248
185
200
212
180
167
240
179
186
Reason for layoff2
( )
( 3)
213
4
3
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ………………………………………
Recall expected …………………………………………
No recall expected ………………………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
related to the September 11 attacks. Thus, data for 2001 pertain to the
2
See footnote 1, table 6.
third and fourth quarters only.
3
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
4
Nonnatural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the third
quarter of 2001, in order to be able to identify layoffs directly or indirectly
5
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer
used. For additional information, see the Technical Note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
20
Table 17. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08
Layoff events
State
2007
2008
Total, private nonfarm .........
5,363
8,263
Alabama ......................................
Alaska .........................................
Arizona ........................................
Arkansas .....................................
California .....................................
Colorado ......................................
Connecticut .................................
Delaware .....................................
District of Columbia .....................
Florida .........................................
Georgia .......................................
Hawaii .........................................
Idaho ...........................................
39
17
38
32
1,412
40
33
6
4
219
63
18
31
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana ........................................
Iowa .............................................
Kansas ........................................
Kentucky .....................................
Louisiana .....................................
Maine ..........................................
Maryland .....................................
Massachusetts ............................
Michigan ......................................
Minnesota ....................................
Mississippi ...................................
Missouri .......................................
Percent of total
Total initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Black
Women
People age 55
and older
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
978,712
1,665,377
15.5
14.5
16.3
16.6
39.7
37.1
18.6
18.1
60
22
64
48
2,163
59
47
11
8
480
114
32
93
7,532
3,514
5,714
6,775
237,436
4,505
6,327
479
456
30,054
15,682
2,440
4,502
18,019
5,116
10,170
9,015
372,326
7,884
8,527
1,332
936
93,007
30,610
5,611
13,492
57.6
3.9
6.4
28.3
8.7
2.7
12.4
43.8
79.6
17.6
38.3
8.8
.8
48.5
4.3
5.4
31.6
8.9
5.3
13.5
27.2
83.0
15.4
36.5
3.7
.3
3.4
18.0
40.2
2.7
37.6
35.3
10.1
10.4
8.6
29.3
7.1
14.4
14.6
3.0
16.4
38.4
6.0
38.1
30.8
12.9
5.7
6.3
28.6
7.0
10.5
13.3
53.6
33.6
56.3
41.0
38.7
29.3
58.0
59.5
65.4
45.4
50.0
40.3
35.1
47.6
34.1
42.9
51.0
38.5
32.5
46.0
36.4
62.5
39.8
41.5
32.9
37.0
21.1
22.0
14.4
18.5
14.2
19.6
22.6
27.8
15.4
22.9
16.9
18.6
19.3
15.5
24.8
15.2
14.5
15.0
19.3
24.0
24.6
15.2
19.6
16.1
16.4
17.5
431
119
44
27
60
41
30
78
80
233
133
30
122
591
289
79
55
127
100
17
54
107
385
169
59
201
76,258
29,213
8,736
4,215
7,919
4,815
3,431
9,630
11,941
78,082
19,328
4,025
21,752
122,372
80,622
19,926
8,188
19,625
16,455
2,611
7,239
17,138
135,460
28,250
8,516
35,114
21.6
11.8
2.6
16.0
7.0
63.1
1.9
41.7
12.0
24.8
3.7
72.6
19.2
21.4
7.5
2.9
11.5
6.5
57.6
1.5
43.5
11.0
18.3
4.8
56.3
16.5
14.8
4.2
4.5
3.3
.2
1.1
.3
.4
1.7
4.1
7.4
1.0
.3
14.6
4.2
3.0
4.5
.2
2.4
.2
2.5
1.8
3.8
5.9
2.6
.3
39.6
32.3
29.4
44.0
23.9
54.3
36.8
45.9
42.0
33.2
20.8
48.3
47.8
38.5
30.9
32.4
40.3
18.8
44.0
32.7
43.0
45.8
30.0
22.4
39.5
44.4
16.0
17.3
17.5
20.3
18.2
21.1
19.5
19.9
22.3
16.8
16.7
16.1
22.2
16.2
15.7
19.3
17.4
15.3
18.7
24.4
22.3
22.9
18.5
16.6
15.5
21.5
Montana ......................................
Nebraska .....................................
Nevada ........................................
New Hampshire ...........................
New Jersey .................................
New Mexico .................................
New York .....................................
North Carolina .............................
North Dakota ...............................
Ohio .............................................
Oklahoma ....................................
Oregon ........................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
20
11
30
12
190
18
371
47
12
277
13
74
303
32
19
94
12
248
38
413
69
11
385
32
130
475
2,151
1,142
5,829
1,462
33,736
2,513
67,834
9,882
1,614
50,299
2,384
17,247
72,998
3,903
2,166
22,542
1,434
46,298
5,886
80,110
15,009
1,364
86,755
6,549
34,552
100,346
.3
8.1
12.7
1.0
19.9
3.2
14.1
40.9
––
14.4
17.5
1.8
7.5
.1
5.0
9.4
.9
21.1
2.8
13.4
37.1
2.0
13.1
8.4
.9
6.0
3.5
6.1
20.8
1.6
8.9
48.2
12.3
3.8
3.0
2.7
7.0
21.8
3.4
3.5
10.1
32.0
1.5
8.1
43.7
12.2
5.9
3.1
3.2
5.0
15.8
3.7
27.2
28.3
40.1
50.2
59.9
34.0
41.7
48.5
15.9
32.5
44.6
46.7
39.7
22.3
23.1
42.4
51.7
53.3
29.2
41.4
41.0
19.1
31.9
30.2
34.0
34.3
22.2
32.9
22.0
28.1
29.3
20.7
25.7
22.2
19.5
15.9
15.2
19.7
24.0
21.4
27.7
17.9
27.5
26.4
18.9
21.7
20.9
17.2
18.4
15.7
20.4
24.3
Rhode Island ...............................
South Carolina ............................
South Dakota ..............................
Tennessee ..................................
Texas ..........................................
Utah .............................................
Vermont .......................................
Virginia ........................................
Washington .................................
West Virginia ...............................
Wisconsin ....................................
Wyoming .....................................
21
33
6
80
109
27
15
72
83
18
137
4
21
84
5
130
203
34
15
48
145
20
160
6
3,127
4,706
448
17,584
20,636
3,835
2,224
12,455
11,865
1,925
25,795
260
2,428
20,755
541
24,465
46,700
6,509
2,162
8,377
24,819
2,533
41,099
514
3.6
68.2
2.9
28.6
20.0
1.4
.5
34.3
5.3
.3
6.0
1.2
3.8
63.9
1.7
26.3
17.6
1.8
.8
31.5
4.5
.3
4.7
.8
17.9
.3
6.9
.1
38.6
13.4
.4
2.9
18.3
––
8.9
.8
18.3
.8
7.0
.1
42.2
17.1
.3
3.5
13.0
––
6.8
.8
69.5
61.0
53.1
40.9
46.5
21.9
41.0
46.4
35.9
17.9
28.4
25.4
58.6
47.6
53.4
44.8
32.6
36.1
29.1
43.7
36.0
29.0
31.9
29.2
26.5
6.9
31.3
24.2
13.7
10.7
23.2
20.6
16.2
13.7
21.4
25.0
32.8
6.7
24.2
23.4
13.5
10.7
20.3
22.8
18.5
14.4
21.1
23.9
Puerto Rico .................................
48
47
12,073
10,281
.1
.1
97.9
98.2
57.9
56.6
8.7
9.5
1
1
2007
Hispanic
origin
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
21
Table 18. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason
for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08
Percent of total race/ethnicity1
Measure
White
Hispanic
origin
Black
American Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian or Pacific
Islander
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
58.4
58.0
15.5
14.5
16.3
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ………………………………………………
83.7
89.7
67.6
61.7
49.9
48.6
54.3
68.0
71.6
86.3
63.0
65.2
49.0
47.7
56.2
57.7
2.4
2.9
5.4
17.0
11.1
19.6
23.2
10.6
2.9
4.4
6.1
14.0
13.9
18.1
19.5
15.4
Finance and insurance …………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
50.3
53.2
60.3
57.0
49.9
37.0
40.3
66.3
53.3
43.9
55.0
48.0
48.5
61.5
57.6
45.9
42.4
41.1
61.2
48.2
41.6
49.3
12.2
15.1
12.9
21.3
23.1
31.3
21.8
11.5
20.3
30.8
5.6
Business demand ....................................................
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion .............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ................................................
Slackwork/insufficient
work/insufficientdemand/nonseasonal
demand/nonseasona
Slack
business slowdown
slowdown ........................................
business
61.2
51.2
55.9
59.3
70.1
61.9
61.1
53.8
54.3
52.1
68.3
58.9
14.9
24.3
11.2
13.8
17.5
28.1
65.7
63.8
16.0
12.9
10.6
13.2
.4
.7
1.9
2.5
Organizational changes ...........................................
Business-ownership change ................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ........
53.8
54.6
53.6
51.8
53.4
51.6
18.7
14.7
19.8
17.4
15.6
17.8
14.9
17.5
14.1
15.4
15.7
15.3
.6
.5
.6
.5
.6
.5
4.1
4.2
4.0
5.1
5.6
5.0
Financial issues .......................................................
Bankruptcy ...........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
53.1
63.7
52.1
51.7
52.8
59.7
52.7
49.9
17.0
12.5
18.4
16.6
15.1
13.1
15.4
15.5
14.4
13.6
14.2
14.8
17.5
11.2
17.9
19.7
.6
.4
.6
.7
.6
.4
.6
.6
4.6
2.8
4.5
5.0
5.6
6.4
5.0
5.8
Production specific ..................................................
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued .....................................
61.2
33.9
5.6
42.0
62.1
71.3
67.6
66.5
69.8
63.3
33.0
87.0
32.6
81.2
50.2
62.8
52.8
60.5
14.7
22.0
0.4
29.5
6.1
17.7
19.5
9.2
14.7
14.2
7.1
2.7
25.7
7.0
26.3
5.6
24.5
21.7
8.1
34.1
90.9
11.9
3.4
7.5
.4
16.7
5.3
10.3
44.6
6.3
14.5
3.8
6.8
1.8
12.4
7.4
.4
1.3
.4
.7
.2
.6
.2
.6
.4
.5
1.1
.3
.3
.2
.4
–
1.7
.4
1.9
3.4
1.2
2.9
2.1
1.7
.6
1.8
4.5
2.8
6.8
1.4
7.8
2.0
1.5
.8
1.4
4.4
Disaster/safety .........................................................
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Nonnatural disaster ..............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
66.1
73.3
49.7
52.5
71.5
45.0
32.1
57.9
64.5
42.4
6.6
3.4
10.1
17.7
3.9
35.0
–
35.9
.7
39.2
17.2
10.3
23.0
20.0
16.0
12.7
–
.4
26.3
11.7
3.3
1.4
.5
.7
4.5
.7
–
–
.6
.7
1.7
–
11.9
.5
.1
1.9
–
1.1
7.0
1.4
Seasonal .................................................................
Seasonal ..............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......
60.4
63.4
50.5
61.4
62.1
58.6
14.3
11.5
23.6
13.7
12.4
19.0
17.6
17.5
17.9
17.0
17.6
14.6
.7
.8
.6
.7
.7
.7
2.1
2.2
1.5
2.3
2.5
1.4
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
Other ....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
50.0
56.3
54.3
46.5
51.2
41.5
52.0
51.8
17.8
10.7
16.7
19.4
16.8
16.2
20.0
15.5
17.8
14.5
14.3
20.5
18.6
24.8
14.9
19.5
.8
.6
1.0
.8
.7
.9
.6
.8
4.3
7.5
4.3
3.8
3.7
6.2
3.4
3.6
Total, private nonfarm2 .................................
2007
2008
2007
2008
16.6
.7
.7
2.6
3.1
5.5
5.2
21.0
12.6
26.6
20.3
14.3
8.7
17.3
4.7
23.7
10.9
25.6
21.9
14.0
13.0
.8
.6
1.0
.6
.9
.9
.5
.7
1.8
.3
1.2
.6
.6
.7
.5
.6
.1
.4
.8
2.8
2.3
2.4
1.4
3.0
1.0
.8
1.3
2.9
3.2
3.2
2.8
4.0
13.1
13.5
13.6
23.7
20.0
23.4
24.5
13.7
17.9
27.9
4.0
18.6
15.3
14.6
11.0
18.1
18.1
23.3
12.6
14.1
14.7
21.5
17.6
23.2
12.3
9.5
23.5
19.3
24.2
13.4
19.5
17.8
7.0
.4
.5
.7
.8
.8
.6
.7
.5
.6
1.5
1.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
.7
.6
1.5
.4
7.1
4.3
4.0
5.5
2.0
2.9
1.8
1.7
3.7
2.2
9.2
7.9
4.5
4.3
4.1
2.2
4.3
2.6
2.4
6.1
3.2
4.2
13.1
19.5
11.8
30.0
17.2
21.3
16.1
11.4
25.0
18.8
5.7
4.9
16.0
15.7
25.3
3.7
8.8
7.2
.7
.9
.9
.4
.4
1.0
.7
.8
.9
1.6
.9
.4
1.7
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
.9
2.5
3.9
2.1
1.0
2.3
5.1
Industry
Reason for layoff3 3
1
3
Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within
race/ethnicity may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
See footnote 1, table 6.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
See footnote 1, table 1.
22
Table 19. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for
layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08
1
1 2
Percent
oftotal
totalby
bygender
gender
Percent of
Percent of
Percent
oftotal
totalby
byage
age 1
Measure
Less than 30 years
30–44
45–54
55 or older
Men
Women
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
18.8
19.8
35.2
34.8
26.9
26.5
18.6
18.1
59.8
62.2
39.7
37.1
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
14.8
15.1
19.4
12.5
14.0
39.8
12.9
17.3
28.1
23.7
15.9
20.0
13.7
17.8
40.4
14.9
18.4
22.8
33.2
31.8
39.4
35.7
32.3
28.0
31.0
39.7
42.2
37.2
30.3
39.5
35.1
36.4
27.3
32.0
37.3
40.7
31.7
32.9
28.0
31.6
31.2
18.2
25.3
25.2
18.0
24.9
29.5
26.9
30.6
26.9
17.8
26.3
24.6
21.2
20.2
20.0
13.1
19.5
22.4
13.6
30.6
17.7
11.4
13.9
23.8
13.2
19.2
18.2
14.1
26.3
19.4
15.0
93.7
90.4
92.8
65.5
58.3
41.6
46.1
58.2
37.7
93.5
85.3
92.8
67.3
62.5
42.7
53.7
55.3
39.2
4.7
9.3
6.8
34.1
39.6
58.1
53.8
41.7
62.2
5.6
14.3
6.7
31.7
36.9
56.9
45.8
44.5
60.3
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
24.3
16.5
18.3
26.8
15.7
16.6
24.3
16.3
16.2
11.4
28.6
15.2
22.5
28.0
17.4
16.7
26.6
23.3
22.1
10.1
36.7
30.3
35.4
33.9
35.3
38.7
25.5
29.7
36.1
38.0
33.7
32.0
36.7
34.7
33.5
37.2
25.6
29.7
33.5
37.6
23.4
23.6
27.3
23.7
25.9
25.7
19.9
28.8
26.0
26.7
21.3
23.7
25.0
22.7
24.8
25.7
19.0
25.4
23.8
28.2
15.3
29.4
18.8
15.3
23.0
18.3
30.1
24.7
19.9
23.9
16.1
28.8
15.6
14.2
24.1
20.0
28.3
20.3
18.8
23.5
51.9
42.6
43.7
59.3
26.7
9.9
53.8
31.5
31.6
77.2
52.0
45.4
46.4
60.7
29.8
12.6
54.3
37.8
38.0
51.7
47.9
57.2
56.2
40.4
73.3
84.3
45.7
68.2
68.2
22.7
47.8
54.2
53.3
38.2
70.1
87.0
45.3
61.7
61.7
48.1
Business demand ....................................................
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion ..............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient
work/insufficientdemand/nonseasonal
demand/non-seasonal
Slack
businessslowdown
slowdown .........................................
business
17.8
23.5
20.1
16.7
15.6
8.2
18.8
23.2
21.9
10.5
14.7
10.3
36.7
31.4
37.4
35.3
37.4
29.2
36.6
35.4
37.4
37.3
34.5
31.4
28.6
26.1
27.8
29.4
29.6
34.7
27.9
24.0
26.0
31.2
28.6
31.6
16.5
18.8
14.6
18.5
16.6
24.3
16.3
16.4
14.4
15.4
19.1
24.7
72.1
52.3
81.9
80.0
71.9
59.5
71.4
60.4
81.7
52.1
71.5
52.4
27.5
47.1
17.6
20.0
28.1
39.5
27.7
39.4
17.4
41.0
28.0
47.5
16.4
17.7
37.1
36.5
28.9
28.6
17.3
16.8
66.5
68.8
33.3
30.2
Organizational changes ...........................................
Business-ownership change .................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .........
19.4
17.9
19.8
20.1
20.6
20.0
34.8
33.8
35.1
35.6
34.3
35.8
26.9
27.7
26.6
26.3
25.6
26.4
18.8
20.1
18.4
17.9
19.3
17.7
49.7
46.2
50.6
52.6
48.8
53.2
49.8
53.7
48.7
46.3
51.0
45.5
Financial issues .......................................................
Bankruptcy ............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .......
Financial difficulty .................................................
22.3
19.4
21.3
24.0
22.5
23.6
21.1
23.6
37.8
39.8
36.5
38.6
34.2
35.2
34.0
34.0
23.8
23.0
25.6
22.1
24.8
23.9
25.5
24.5
15.7
16.9
16.4
14.8
18.2
16.9
19.1
17.6
50.1
44.0
53.9
47.7
52.0
54.1
53.0
50.1
49.4
55.9
45.5
51.9
47.4
44.1
46.4
49.8
Production specific ...................................................
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued ......................................
10.5
12.4
14.3
29.8
9.1
12.7
3.7
18.4
12.1
14.7
13.9
27.2
18.4
7.2
11.7
15.9
12.0
13.6
35.5
37.1
42.1
33.4
39.0
34.9
32.0
37.8
32.9
35.9
31.7
46.2
34.6
37.6
25.7
49.7
26.9
37.4
36.4
32.0
29.0
22.0
34.2
26.8
47.5
28.7
36.6
29.2
31.0
18.7
25.3
32.7
37.3
22.6
30.4
31.4
16.3
18.4
14.7
14.7
17.7
10.5
16.2
15.0
18.4
19.3
23.3
8.0
21.3
22.4
25.3
11.8
22.6
17.5
66.2
66.2
57.5
42.6
59.5
83.0
74.4
68.7
62.9
65.5
48.7
78.8
40.3
76.2
66.8
52.0
62.3
57.2
27.7
32.0
42.5
57.4
20.4
17.0
25.6
31.3
36.9
32.9
49.4
21.2
57.1
23.7
33.2
19.2
37.7
41.4
Disaster/safety .........................................................
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Nonnatural disaster ...............................................
Extreme weather-related event .............................
17.6
27.4
17.2
14.3
17.7
28.6
33.3
4.8
27.9
29.6
36.3
26.0
31.7
37.0
37.7
35.5
24.7
26.7
33.9
36.1
30.2
29.5
30.7
27.0
30.8
22.7
28.4
37.0
25.1
21.8
15.8
17.1
20.4
21.6
13.7
13.1
13.6
31.5
12.7
12.5
86.3
98.6
47.1
77.5
94.6
57.5
29.6
82.8
56.9
56.9
13.3
1.4
52.6
22.5
4.9
41.8
2.5
17.2
43.1
43.0
Seasonal ..................................................................
Seasonal ...............................................................
Vacation
period--school related or otherwise .......
Vacation period—school
18.1
20.5
10.2
18.6
20.5
11.1
32.6
32.9
31.5
31.8
32.1
30.5
26.2
25.8
27.5
26.1
25.8
27.1
22.9
20.7
30.1
22.9
21.0
30.8
51.4
59.7
23.3
53.1
59.7
26.1
48.3
39.9
76.5
46.4
39.8
73.4
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
Other .....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know ........................
23.0
16.6
21.8
24.6
22.3
28.9
23.3
21.2
36.1
37.9
35.8
36.1
34.0
31.7
35.1
33.8
23.6
26.2
24.7
22.6
24.3
21.6
23.7
24.9
16.1
19.1
16.3
15.6
16.7
15.3
16.8
16.9
56.3
64.1
56.1
55.5
58.6
52.3
59.7
58.9
43.4
35.5
43.8
44.2
41.0
46.8
39.9
40.9
Total,private
privatenonfarm
nonfarm22 ..................................
Total,
Industry
Reason for
Reason
for layoff
layoff3 3
1
Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and
gender may not equal 100.0 percent.
23
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
3
See footnote 1, table 6.
Table 20. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by State, private nonfarm
sector, 2008
Continued claims without earnings1
State
Total, private nonfarm2……………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,665,377
3,293,777
2.0
220,407
13.2
Alabama ……………………………………………………
Alaska ………………………………………………………
Arizona ……………………………………………………
Arkansas ……………………………………………………
California ……………………………………………………
Colorado ……………………………………………………
Connecticut …………………………………………………
Delaware ……………………………………………………
District of Columbia ………………………………………
Florida ………………………………………………………
Georgia ……………………………………………………
Hawaii ………………………………………………………
Idaho ………………………………………………………
18,019
5,116
10,170
9,015
372,326
7,884
8,527
1,332
936
93,007
30,610
5,611
13,492
34,780
9,551
18,762
19,911
771,473
19,968
21,725
1,773
3,638
240,202
48,781
14,326
18,650
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.1
2.5
2.5
1.3
3.9
2.6
1.6
2.6
1.4
2,271
781
1,389
1,492
60,753
235
1,591
92
207
23,015
5,673
1,001
1,201
12.6
15.3
13.7
16.6
16.3
3.0
18.7
6.9
22.1
24.7
18.5
17.8
8.9
Illinois ………………………………………………………
Indiana ………………………………………………………
Iowa …………………………………………………………
Kansas ……………………………………………………
Kentucky ……………………………………………………
Louisiana ……………………………………………………
Maine ………………………………………………………
Maryland ……………………………………………………
Massachusetts ……………………………………………
Michigan ……………………………………………………
Minnesota …………………………………………………
Mississippi …………………………………………………
Missouri ……………………………………………………
122,372
80,622
19,926
8,188
19,625
16,455
2,611
7,239
17,138
135,460
28,250
8,516
35,114
299,641
152,937
36,249
16,509
4,657
20,879
4,188
19,520
34,540
201,801
63,538
20,692
74,794
2.4
1.9
1.8
2.0
.2
1.3
1.6
2.7
2.0
1.5
2.2
2.4
2.1
16,049
11,510
1,717
1,145
1,734
1,459
509
1,141
2,998
10,077
3,004
1,278
3,453
13.1
14.3
8.6
14.0
8.8
8.9
19.5
15.8
17.5
7.4
10.6
15.0
9.8
Montana ……………………………………………………
Nebraska ……………………………………………………
Nevada ........................................................................
New Hampshire ...........................................................
New Jersey ..................................................................
New Mexico .................................................................
New York……………………………………………………
North Carolina ……………………………………………
North Dakota ………………………………………………
Ohio …………………………………………………………
Oklahoma …………………………………………………
Oregon ……………………………………………………
Pennsylvania ………………………………………………
3,903
2,166
22,542
1,434
46,298
5,886
80,110
15,009
1,364
86,755
6,549
34,552
100,346
5,948
2,658
37,721
2,802
114,863
15,765
180,291
51,003
1,786
177,201
11,031
53,005
121,529
1.5
1.2
1.7
2.0
2.5
2.7
2.3
3.4
1.3
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.2
351
32
2,300
91
8,522
1,185
10,930
3,984
245
7,466
345
2,625
5,059
9.0
1.5
10.2
6.3
18.4
20.1
13.6
26.5
18.0
8.6
5.3
7.6
5.0
Rhode Island ………………………………………………
South Carolina ……………………………………………
South Dakota ………………………………………………
Tennessee …………………………………………………
Texas ………………………………………………………
Utah …………………………………………………………
Vermont ……………………………………………………
Virginia ……………………………………………………
Washington …………………………………………………
West Virginia ………………………………………………
Wisconsin …………………………………………………
Wyoming ……………………………………………………
2,428
20,755
541
24,465
46,700
6,509
2,162
8,377
24,819
2,533
41,099
514
5,124
32,409
775
61,994
87,054
9,964
4,109
18,275
50,629
5,623
67,507
1,226
2.1
1.6
1.4
2.5
1.9
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.0
2.2
1.6
2.4
277
2,075
58
4,412
5,648
378
247
1,625
1,998
54
4,578
147
11.4
10.0
10.7
18.0
12.1
5.8
11.4
19.4
8.1
2.1
11.1
28.6
Puerto Rico …………………………………………………
10,281
24,019
2.3
575
5.6
1
Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activ1The
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued
ityclaim
for initial
claimants
associated
with associated
extended mass
oncemass
a month
activity
for initial
claimants
with layoffs
extended
during
theonce
Current
Population
Survey
week,
which(CPS)
is usually
layoffs
a month
during
the (CPS)
Currentreference
Population
Survey
thereference
week including
12thisday
of thethe
month.
with
earnings
week, the
which
usually
weekContinued
including claims
the 12th
day
of
the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because
are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as emindividuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the
ployed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected
CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected
weekly.
(See
thethe
Technical
NoteNote
for additional
information.)
weekly.
(See
Technical
for additional
information.)
2
2 See
1. 1.
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table
24
Table 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008
Continued claims without earnings1
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Measure
2
Total,
privatenonfarm
nonfarm2 ……………………………………
Total,
private
Number
Final payments for unemployment
insurance1
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,665,377
3,293,777
2.0
220,407
13.2
Mining ……………………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………………
Information ………………………………………………………
9,756
2,122
256,109
638,346
25,057
126,326
97,906
39,258
19,243
4,359
481,436
1,113,558
62,189
251,586
179,908
98,325
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.7
2.5
2.0
1.8
2.5
509
367
26,416
68,984
4,090
19,013
9,196
7,900
5.2
17.3
10.3
10.8
16.3
15.0
9.4
20.1
Finance and insurance …………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………
Professional and technical services ……………………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………………
Administrative and waste services ……………………………
Educational services ……………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………………
Other services, except public administration …………………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………………
86,609
6,970
51,071
4,799
150,870
5,623
36,249
22,081
92,605
13,123
497
273,099
17,367
119,285
11,512
334,792
10,509
85,136
47,517
155,894
26,253
1,809
3.2
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.2
1.9
2.3
2.2
1.7
2.0
3.6
23,605
1,110
13,780
580
26,048
940
5,010
3,015
8,335
1,313
195
27.3
15.9
27.0
12.1
17.3
16.7
13.8
13.7
9.0
10.0
39.2
Business demand .................................................................
Contract cancellation .........................................................
Contract completion ..........................................................
Domestic competition ........................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ...................................
Import competition .............................................................
Slack work/insufficient
work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
demand/nonseasonal
Slack
business
businessslowdown
slowdown.....................................................
731,804
25,411
176,858
2,188
7,820
10,399
1,327,128
55,892
328,020
7,708
17,771
33,241
1.8
2.2
1.9
3.5
2.3
3.2
80,609
4,247
24,280
542
1,225
3,336
11.0
16.7
13.7
24.8
15.7
32.1
509,128
884,496
1.7
46,979
9.2
Organizational changes ........................................................
Business-ownership change .............................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .....................
119,929
18,184
101,745
317,951
57,337
260,614
2.6
3.2
2.6
26,782
4,692
22,090
22.3
25.8
21.7
Financial issues ....................................................................
Bankruptcy ........................................................................
C
Costt control/cost
t l/
t cutting/increase
tti /i
profitability
fit bilit ...................
Financial difficulty ..............................................................
145,769
24,199
64,827
56,743
380,879
69,920
156,977
153,982
2.6
2.9
2.4
2.7
28,970
5,932
11,456
11,582
19.9
24.5
17.7
20.4
Production specific ...............................................................
Automation/technological advances ..................................
Energy related ...................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..............................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .........................
Material or supply shortage ...............................................
Model changeover .............................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................................
Product line discontinued ..................................................
25,512
2,059
4,847
2,478
6,205
3,940
933
2,830
2,220
56,449
4,889
9,021
7,330
16,950
9,053
425
3,816
4,965
2.2
2.4
1.9
3.0
2.7
2.3
.5
1.3
2.2
4,929
364
782
620
2,055
502
44
228
334
19.3
17.7
16.1
25.0
33.1
12.7
4.7
8.1
15.0
Disaster/safety ......................................................................
Hazardous work environment ............................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...............................
Nonnatural disaster ...........................................................
Extreme weather-related event .........................................
8,442
81
273
813
7,275
11,169
27
449
2,703
7,990
1.3
0.3
1.6
3.3
1.1
928
9
2
300
617
11.0
11.1
0.7
36.9
8.5
Seasonal ..............................................................................
Seasonal ...........................................................................
Vacation
period—school
related
otherwise
Vacation period--school
related
or or
otherwise
....................
348,835
280,584
68,251
670,083
554,460
115,623
1.9
2.0
1.7
40,506
36,474
4,032
11.6
13.0
5.9
Other/miscellaneous .............................................................
Other .................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ................................................
Data not provided: Does not know ....................................
285,086
19,163
78,185
187,738
530,118
40,351
138,569
351,198
1.9
2.1
1.8
1.9
37,683
3,183
9,643
24,857
13.2
16.6
12.3
13.2
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ………………………………………………
Recall expected …………………………………………………
No recall expected ………………………………………………
189,320
652,764
627,116
496,323
1,180,637
1,396,422
2.6
1.8
2.2
44,038
65,660
106,511
23.3
10.1
17.0
Industry
Reason for
forlayoff
layoff3
Reason
3
1 1
Mass
Layoff
Statistics
(MLS)
program
tracks
continued
claim
TheThe
Mass
Layoff
Statistics
(MLS)
program
tracks
continued
claim
activity
initial
claimantsassociated
associatedwith
withextended
extended mass
mass layoffs
layoffs once
once a
activity
forfor
initial
claimants
month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is
a month
theincluding
Currentthe
Population
(CPS)Continued
reference
week,
usuallyduring
the week
12th day ofSurvey
the month.
claims
which
usually are
the excluded
week including
theindividuals
12th day who
of the
month.
withisearnings
because
make
suchContinued
claims
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such
are are
classified
as employed
in the in
CPS.
information
for
claims
classified
as employed
the Final
CPS.payment
Final payment
information
MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for
for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for adadditional information.)
ditional2 information.)
See footnote 1, table 1.
2 3
SeeSee
footnote
1, table
1. 6.
footnote
1, table
3
See footnote 1, table 6.
25
Table 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events,
50 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2008
Metropolitan area
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Total, 372 metropolitan areas2……………………………………… 1,302,254
Continued claims without
Final payments for
earnings1
unemployment insurance1
Number
Average
number filed per
initial claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
2,655,826
2.0
181,857
14.0
892,832
1,868,504
2.1
130,110
14.6
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………...…… 109,649
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI………………………...……..……
78,368
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA………...…… 72,795
70,261
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI……………………………………..…………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA…………………..……………… 50,860
43,988
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA………………………..…………
27,429
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA……………………………..……
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL…………………….……
22,272
22,113
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA……………………………
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville,
CA
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV…………………………...……………………
19,660
19,572
St. Louis, MO-IL……………………………………………………………
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD…………...………
18,437
224,607
211,297
173,329
104,131
105,016
93,406
55,336
64,107
47,746
32,766
47,255
35,869
2.0
2.7
2.4
1.5
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.9
2.2
1.7
2.4
1.9
17,709
12,812
12,219
5,612
8,580
6,869
4,115
6,409
3,716
2,050
2,206
2,367
16.2
16.3
16.8
8.0
16.9
15.6
15.0
28.8
16.8
10.4
11.3
12.8
3
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas …………………………..…………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA………………….………………
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL…………………………………
Pittsburgh, PA………………………………………………….…………
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX………………………………..……
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA…………………..………………………
Elkhart-Goshen, IN……………………………..…………………………
Flint, MI……………………………..………………………………………
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ………………..……………
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL………………………………………..…………
Modesto, CA……………………………………………………………..…
Stockton, CA………………………………………………………………
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH……………..………………………
Toledo, OH…………………………………………………………………
17,324
14,862
13,407
13,138
12,651
12,499
11,833
11,317
11,205
11,076
10,412
10,410
10,349
42,248
40,656
20,480
21,620
27,910
21,749
17,003
27,086
28,043
21,522
21,352
21,237
17,521
2.4
2.7
1.5
1.6
2.2
1.7
1.4
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.7
3,020
3,882
837
1,451
1,199
1,576
641
1,176
2,522
2,258
1,814
1,764
572
17.4
26.1
6.2
11.0
9.5
12.6
5.4
10.4
22.5
20.4
17.4
16.9
5.5
Fresno, CA…………………………………………………………………
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN…………………………...………………………
Cleveland Elyria Mentor OH
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor,
OH………………..……………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX…………………………………….……
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA………………………..……………
Dayton, OH…………………..……………………………………………
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, Ore.-WA…………………..…………
Rockford, IL………………………………………………….……………
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY………………………………….………………
Bakersfield, CA……………………………………………………………
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN…………………………………..……
Jacksonville, Fla. …………………………………………………………
9,792
9,441
9 239
9,239
9,034
8,915
8,578
7,708
7,515
7,386
7,287
7,091
6,878
19,167
19,785
20 576
20,576
22,139
20,163
19,168
14,633
16,249
15,809
13,880
14,953
17,613
2.0
2.1
22
2.2
2.5
2.3
2.2
1.9
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.6
1,681
1,762
845
1,722
2,412
849
669
827
780
1,065
942
1,515
17.2
18.7
91
9.1
19.1
27.1
9.9
8.7
11.0
10.6
14.6
13.3
22.0
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA……………………………………
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI……………………………………………..
Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN…………………..…………………
Eugene-Springfield, OR…………………..………………………………
Kansas City, MO-KS………………………………………………………
Vallejo-Fairfield, CA………………………………………………………
Columbus, OH…………………..…………………………………………
Boise City-Nampa, ID……………………………………………………
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ……………………………………
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ……………………………………………
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI……………………………………
Dalton, GA…………………………………………………………………
Lansing-East Lansing, MI…………………………………………………
6,848
6,634
6,589
6,290
5,950
5,907
5,856
5,827
5,820
5,761
5,669
5,471
5,459
14,962
10,103
2,822
13,285
12,954
11,613
13,413
11,062
8,427
10,270
10,864
3,816
7,486
2.2
1.5
.4
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.8
1.9
.7
1.4
1,053
405
626
629
793
894
533
526
402
564
691
347
202
15.4
6.1
9.5
10.0
13.3
15.1
9.1
9.0
6.9
9.8
12.2
6.3
3.7
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activ1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued
ity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month
claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass
during
the
Current
Survey
reference
week, which
is usually
layoffs once
a Population
month during
the(CPS)
Current
Population
Survey
(CPS)
thereference
week including
12th is
day
of the month.
Continued
claims
week,the
which
usually
the week
including
the with
12thearnings
day of
arethe
excluded
because
individuals
who
make
such
claims
are
classified
as
month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because
individuals
who
make
such
claimsinformation
are classified
as employed
the
employed
in the
CPS.
Final
payment
for MLS
claimants in
is colCPS.
Final(See
payment
information
claimants
is collected
lected
weekly.
the Technical
NoteforforMLS
additional
information.)
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
weekly.3 (See the Technical Note for additional information.)
The 50 highest metropolitan areas in terms of the level of extended
2 See footnote
1, table 1.
mass
initial claims
activityareas
are shown.
3 Thelayoff
50 highest
metropolitan
in terms of the level of extended
NOTE:
The
geographic
mass layoff initial claims
activityboundaries
are shown.of the metropolitan areas shown in
this
table
are
defined
in
U.S.
Office
of
Management
and Budget
Bulletin
09-01,
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan
areas
shown
in this
table are
in U.S.
Office ofzero.
Management and Budget
November
20,defined
2008. Dash
represents
Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008. Dash represents zero.
26
Table 23. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics,
private nonfarm sector, 2008
Initial claims for
unemployment insurance
Characteristic
Total, private nonfarm2 ………………
Final payments for
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
unemployment insurance1
1,665,377
220,407
13.2
329,001
580,081
441,230
301,310
13,755
42,895
74,508
55,621
46,883
500
13.0
12.8
12.6
15.6
3.6
1,035,045
617,978
12,354
120,222
99,016
1,169
11.6
16.0
9.5
966,018
240,805
277,263
11,564
51,460
118,267
109,729
41,718
42,495
1,514
7,938
17,013
11.4
17.3
15.3
13.1
15.4
14.4
Age
Under 30 years of age ……………………
30–44 ………………………………………
45–54 ………………………………………
55 years of age or over …………………
Not available ………………………………
Gender
Male ………………………………………
Female ……………………………………
Not available ………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White ………………………………………
Black ………………………………………
Hispanic origin ……………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………
Not available ………………………………
1
Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.)
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
Table 24. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2006–08
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
United States1 .................................
4,885
5,363
8,263
935,969
965,935
Northeast ..................................................
1,068
1,055
1,355
177,161
New England .........................................
Middle Atlantic .......................................
200
868
191
864
219
1,136
South .........................................................
1,043
944
South Atlantic ........................................
East South Central ................................
West South Central ...............................
682
192
169
Midwest .....................................................
2008
2006
2007
2008
1,517,857
951,155
978,712
1,665,377
183,023
246,062
211,818
203,080
261,054
43,342
133,819
41,202
141,821
36,579
209,483
32,803
179,015
28,512
174,568
34,300
226,754
1,647
199,811
158,680
306,226
184,314
156,939
329,142
540
209
195
888
376
383
136,776
31,876
31,159
85,684
39,501
33,495
174,267
60,712
71,247
126,962
25,377
31,975
85,269
37,060
34,610
179,798
70,625
78,719
1,486
1,552
2,349
311,693
278,483
460,537
334,817
316,882
561,857
East North Central ................................
West North Central ...............................
1,170
316
1,197
355
1,810
539
259,342
52,351
220,278
58,205
371,205
89,332
283,306
51,511
259,647
57,235
466,308
95,549
West ..........................................................
1,288
1,812
2,912
247,304
345,749
505,032
220,206
301,811
513,324
Mountain ...............................................
Pacific ...................................................
161
1,127
208
1,604
420
2,492
44,335
202,969
49,334
296,415
89,810
415,222
22,321
197,885
29,309
272,502
70,900
442,424
West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and TenSee footnote 1, table 1.
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
Kentucky,
Mississippi,
and Tennessee;
West South
Central—Arkansas,
nessee;
West South
Central—Arkansas,
Louisiana,
Oklahoma,
and Texas; East
NOTE:
(and the
theDistrict
DistrictofofColumbia)
Columbia)that
that
make
Census
NOTE: The
The States
States (and
make
upup
thethe
census
divisions
Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana,
Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Cendivisions
areEngland—Connecticut,
as follows: New England—Connecticut,
Maine,
Massachusetts,
are: New
Maine, Massachusetts,
New
Hampshire, Rhode NorthMichigan,
Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central-Iowa, Kansas,
Kansas,
Minnesota,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
and South DaNew
Hampshire,
Rhode
Island,
and Vermont;
Atlantic—New
Jersey,South tral—Iowa,
Island,
and Vermont;
Middle
Atlantic–New
Jersey,Middle
New York,
and Pennsylvania;
Minnesota,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
North Dakota,
and North
South Dakota,
Dakota; Mountain—
Atlantic—Delaware,
District ofSouth
Columbia,
Florida, Georgia,District
Maryland,
North Carolina, kota; Arizona,
Mountain—Arizona,
Colorado,
Idaho, Nevada,
Montana,New
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Utah,
New
York, and Pennsylvania;
Atlantic—Delaware,
of Columbia,
Colorado, Idaho,
Montana,
Mexico,
Utah, and
South Carolina,
andNorth
WestCarolina,
Virginia; East
South
Central—Alabama,
Wyoming; and
and Pacific—Alaska,
Hawaii,
Oregon,
andand
Washington.
Florida,
Georgia,Virginia,
Maryland,
South
Carolina,
Virginia, and
and Wyoming;
Pacific—Alaska,California,
California,
Hawaii,
Oregon,
Washington.
1
27
Table 25. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2006–08
Layoff events
Initial claimants for unemployment
insurance
Separations
State
2006
2007
2008
Total, private nonfarm1 .......................
4,885
5,363
8,263
935,969
965,935
Alabama .......................................................
Alaska ...........................................................
Arizona .........................................................
Arkansas .......................................................
California ......................................................
Colorado .......................................................
Connecticut ...................................................
Delaware ......................................................
District of Columbia ......................................
Florida ...........................................................
Georgia .........................................................
Hawaii ...........................................................
Idaho .............................................................
52
27
20
13
941
37
52
3
3
347
86
22
29
39
17
38
32
1,412
40
33
6
4
219
63
18
31
60
22
64
48
2,163
59
47
11
8
480
114
32
93
9,567
10,875
4,375
3,550
160,807
18,488
18,227
1,781
306
77,660
11,981
2,921
3,745
Illinois ............................................................
Indiana ..........................................................
Iowa ..............................................................
Kansas ..........................................................
Kentucky .......................................................
Louisiana ......................................................
Maine ............................................................
Maryland .......................................................
Massachusetts ..............................................
Michigan .......................................................
Minnesota .....................................................
Mississippi ....................................................
Missouri ........................................................
408
98
27
29
74
48
20
73
82
292
143
21
94
431
119
44
27
60
41
30
78
80
233
133
30
122
591
289
79
55
127
100
17
54
107
385
169
59
201
Montana ........................................................
Nebraska ......................................................
Nevada .........................................................
New Hampshire ............................................
New Jersey ...................................................
New Mexico ..................................................
New York ......................................................
North Carolina ..............................................
North Dakota ................................................
Ohio ..............................................................
Oklahoma .....................................................
Oregon ..........................................................
Pennsylvania ................................................
22
13
11
17
163
18
404
58
6
234
13
61
301
20
11
30
12
190
18
371
47
12
277
13
74
303
Rhode Island ................................................
South Carolina ..............................................
South Dakota ................................................
Tennessee ....................................................
Texas ............................................................
Utah ..............................................................
Vermont ........................................................
Virginia ..........................................................
Washington ...................................................
West Virginia ................................................
Wisconsin .....................................................
Wyoming .......................................................
15
41
4
45
95
20
14
52
76
19
138
4
Puerto Rico ...................................................
51
1
2006
2006
2007
1,517,857
951,155
978,712
1,665,377
7,594
8,254
9,057
5,331
257,306
17,938
9,230
483
456
37,294
8,931
3,064
5,114
13,237
11,212
11,578
7,752
344,602
23,123
9,484
1,305
1,091
105,515
15,504
8,415
12,904
8,368
4,450
2,661
3,055
165,860
4,911
11,491
3,211
306
60,914
17,218
2,644
3,741
7,532
3,514
5,714
6,775
237,436
4,505
6,327
479
456
30,054
15,682
2,440
4,502
18,019
5,116
10,170
9,015
372,326
7,884
8,527
1,332
936
93,007
30,610
5,611
13,492
86,832
17,120
4,130
4,430
9,444
10,812
4,711
8,643
14,612
67,138
20,128
3,680
19,121
81,719
17,443
6,760
4,262
8,788
6,261
6,704
8,724
17,980
53,871
19,928
5,019
23,326
120,268
46,816
10,208
8,042
17,689
17,248
4,220
7,212
16,684
81,706
28,618
10,176
37,623
77,602
18,822
7,359
3,925
8,580
6,816
3,320
9,288
12,327
111,562
20,750
2,461
16,522
76,258
29,213
8,736
4,215
7,919
4,815
3,431
9,630
11,941
78,082
19,328
4,025
21,752
122,372
80,622
19,926
8,188
19,625
16,455
2,611
7,239
17,138
135,460
28,250
8,516
35,114
32
19
94
12
248
38
413
69
11
385
32
130
475
2,726
2,794
3,261
1,871
39,084
2,317
55,573
6,301
1,290
59,293
1,665
17,195
39,162
2,119
1,555
5,990
1,564
43,841
2,514
59,817
7,222
1,614
43,872
3,803
17,181
38,163
3,278
2,782
18,926
1,842
53,436
5,662
86,012
11,582
1,364
88,507
7,670
26,616
70,035
2,777
1,491
2,876
1,928
30,575
2,327
79,472
9,120
1,144
45,989
2,585
13,485
68,968
2,151
1,142
5,829
1,462
33,736
2,513
67,834
9,882
1,614
50,299
2,384
17,247
72,998
3,903
2,166
22,542
1,434
46,298
5,886
80,110
15,009
1,364
86,755
6,549
34,552
100,346
21
33
6
80
109
27
15
72
83
18
137
4
21
84
5
130
203
34
15
48
145
20
160
6
1,977
7,455
458
9,185
15,132
5,186
1,944
19,176
11,171
3,473
28,959
4,237
3,401
5,045
760
18,100
18,100
4,056
2,323
14,749
10,610
2,780
23,373
2,546
2,408
18,853
695
19,610
38,577
9,812
1,941
10,347
24,377
2,858
33,908
4,527
1,892
7,674
320
5,968
19,519
2,617
1,845
16,185
11,446
3,046
29,331
411
3,127
4,706
448
17,584
20,636
3,835
2,224
12,455
11,865
1,925
25,795
260
2,428
20,755
541
24,465
46,700
6,509
2,162
8,377
24,819
2,533
41,099
514
48
47
7,551
4,630
4,391
15,259
12,073
10,281
See footnote 1, table 1.
28
2007
2008
2008
Table 26. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with
extended mass layoff events in 2008, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector
2007
Metropolitan area
Initial claims
2008
Rank1
Initial claims
Rank1
Total, 372 metropolitan areas2 ………………………………………
770,126
…
1,302,254
…
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas ………………………………………
532,546
…
892,832
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA………………………………
72,775
1
109,649
1
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI………………………………………
49,522
3
78,368
2
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA………………
61,972
2
72,795
3
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI…………………………………………………
47,142
4
70,261
4
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA……………………………………
32,690
5
50,860
5
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA……………………………………
25,054
6
43,988
6
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA……………………………………
19,398
7
27,429
7
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL……………………………
7,508
13
22,272
8
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville,
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville,CA
CA………………………………
14,637
8
22,113
9
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV…………………………………………………
4,469
31
19,660
10
St. Louis, MO-IL……………………………………………………………
13,751
9
19,572
11
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD………………………
13,425
10
18,437
12
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA……………………………………
8,013
12
17,324
13
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL……………………………………
4,422
32
14,862
14
Pittsburgh, PA………………………………………………………………
9,300
11
13,407
15
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX………………………………………
3,911
39
13,138
16
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA……………………………………………
4,699
27
12,651
17
Elkhart-Goshen, IN…………………………………………………………
1,891
81
12,499
18
Flint, MI………………………………………………………………………
4,743
25
11,833
19
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI………………………………
6,722
18
11,317
20
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL……………………………………………………
3,481
43
11,205
21
Modesto, CA…………………………………………………………………
7,208
15
11,076
22
Stockton, CA………………………………………………………………
6,749
17
10,412
23
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH………………………………………
6,927
16
10,410
24
Toledo, OH…………………………………………………………………
3,653
41
10,349
25
Fresno, CA…………………………………………………………………
5,728
20
9,792
26
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN……………………………………………………
4,654
28
9,441
27
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH………………………………………………
7,281
14
9,239
28
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX…………………………………………
5,275
23
9,034
29
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA………………………………………
3,956
38
8,915
30
Dayton, OH…………………………………………………………………
4,741
26
8,578
31
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA…………………………………
6,388
19
7,708
32
Rockford, IL…………………………………………………………………
2,375
64
7,515
33
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY…………………………………………………
5,488
22
7,386
34
Bakersfield, CA……………………………………………………………
4,501
30
7,287
35
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN…………………………………………
4,360
34
7,091
36
Jacksonville, FL……………………………………………………………
2,970
49
6,878
37
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA……………………………………
5,493
21
6,848
38
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI………………………………………………
3,206
47
6,634
39
Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN………………………………………
1,471
95
6,589
40
Eugene-Springfield, OR……………………………………………………
1,088
118
6,290
41
Kansas City, MO-KS………………………………………………………
3,832
40
5,950
42
Vallejo-Fairfield, CA…………………………………………………………
3,400
45
5,907
43
Columbus, OH………………………………………………………………
4,408
33
5,856
44
Boise City-Nampa, ID………………………………………………………
2,112
70
5,827
45
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ……………………………………
3,558
42
5,820
46
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ……………………………………………
2,672
58
5,761
47
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI……………………………………
4,350
35
5,669
48
Dalton, GA…………………………………………………………………
2,499
61
5,471
49
Lansing-East Lansing, MI…………………………………………………
2,678
57
5,459
50
1
The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas
1 Metropolitan
Metropolitan areas
areasare
are ranked
rankedby
by the
the number
number of
of initial
initial claims
claims in 2008. NOTE:this
table are defined in U.S. Office of Management
shown in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and
2 See footnote 1, table 1.
in 2008.
and Budget Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008.
2
Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008.
See footnote
1, table 1. boundaries of the metropolitan areas shownBudget
NOTE:
The geographic
in
29
Table 27. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2001–08
Percent of events1
Nature of recall
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
39.0
41.4
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
41.4
79.6
45.3
79.1
45.9
82.4
47.2
84.2
47.7
87.1
50.1
88.7
53.5
86.5
49.0
77.2
45.0
84.2
40.5
89.8
41.6
87.5
43.7
90.1
47.1
90.6
47.9
92.2
49.4
90.2
49.8
79.6
38.9
90.1
92.6
94.2
95.1
94.8
93.6
94.7
95.3
88.2
40.8
86.7
45.1
87.5
44.5
87.8
43.0
91.5
45.6
91.0
48.2
91.6
46.6
88.8
43.5
95.2
53.8
96.0
54.2
95.2
54.1
96.4
54.7
96.7
55.0
96.8
57.0
96.0
59.1
92.3
51.8
Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………
25.3
23.5
23.4
26.6
31.6
29.4
25.1
24.4
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months …………………………………………………
71.3
49.5
68.6
47.0
74.4
51.4
77.0
56.9
78.5
58.7
84.7
62.7
76.1
53.8
63.0
46.8
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
73.7
27.8
81.3
24.5
75.5
27.3
77.7
31.9
78.9
34.3
84.3
36.2
78.3
31.0
63.9
23.0
ALL LAYOFF EVENTS
Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months …………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
LAYOFF EVENTS DUE TO SEASONAL WORK AND
VACATION PERIOD 2
Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months …………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
ALL LAYOFFS EVENTS, EXCLUDING THOSE DUE TO
SEASONAL WORK AND VACATION PERIOD 2
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See footnote 1, table 6.
30
Table 28. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private
nonfarm sector, 2001–08
Percent of layoff events
Measure
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
39.0
41.4
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
41.4
Mining …………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ……………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………
62.3
26.3
72.6
33.5
18.3
21.2
54.9
8.6
2.8
59.0
31.6
76.5
33.2
32.0
19.4
53.3
10.7
2.0
68.6
27.3
71.9
38.7
26.6
25.7
54.8
9.8
3.4
77.5
46.2
76.7
43.8
36.2
27.6
68.7
12.4
5.1
90.9
53.8
80.2
48.2
44.1
31.3
65.3
17.5
8.2
75.0
72.7
58.9
45.6
36.9
29.1
72.3
26.5
5.0
76.9
55.6
53.8
43.1
31.6
29.9
76.0
23.7
.5
67.3
36.4
56.4
36.8
20.5
19.3
51.9
9.8
.2
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………
Professional and technical services ………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………
Administrative and waste services …………………
Educational services …………………………………
Health care and social assistance ........................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
24.2
20.6
37.5
38.8
33.3
68.4
76.2
55.0
72.0
28.9
29.4
30.9
25.0
37.2
57.9
63.1
82.3
62.3
72.5
9.1
13.6
32.7
35.0
31.3
48.1
60.9
68.6
64.8
66.7
57.1
23.1
42.4
23.8
34.7
68.8
69.7
83.3
69.4
64.8
50.0
31.6
46.8
42.9
42.6
50.0
69.1
77.8
65.8
71.3
–
29.4
52.9
33.3
41.1
60.9
79.7
81.5
73.8
81.5
–
10.7
40.4
42.9
56.2
55.6
77.7
84.2
74.3
69.9
25.0
15.7
31.5
33.3
41.3
51.2
66.5
71.5
53.9
57.8
–
Business demand .................................................
Contract cancellation .........................................
Contract completion ...........................................
41.4
16.7
52.2
39.4
13.3
53.1
40.9
13.6
41.6
44.3
9.0
38.6
48.9
15.5
42.8
43.5
14.1
36.6
39.1
21.9
36.3
40.7
17.7
51.1
Domestic competition .........................................
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
26.7
28.6
Excess inventory/saturated market ....................
Import competition .............................................
Slack
Slack work/insufficient
work/insufficientdemand/nonseasonal
demand/nonseasona
business slowdown
slowdown ......................................
business
(3)
9.2
(3)
9.5
(3)
5.4
(3)
7.8
(3)
5.4
(3)
9.4
34.2
2.7
37.5
5.6
42.3
36.8
47.8
62.0
64.8
63.0
47.6
38.7
Organizational changes ........................................
Business-ownership change ..............................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ......
5.7
4.3
6.1
4.3
3.9
4.4
6.5
5.8
6.6
5.7
4.7
6.0
4.5
1.9
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.1
6.0
3.0
7.1
3.3
3.2
3.3
Financial issues ....................................................
Bankruptcy .........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ....
Financial difficulty ...............................................
6.4
2.4
5.5
3.7
5.1
2.3
1.9
–
4.0
2.2
5.0
1.8
(3)
8.1
(3)
6.3
(3)
6.7
(3)
2.7
(3)
5.2
(3)
6.1
4.4
–
4.0
6.1
3.8
1.5
4.3
4.3
42.3
36.4
20.0
40.4
40.0
33.3
48.1
–
–
45.1
–
–
40.2
33.3
–
44.7
12.5
100.0
(3)
58.3
40.0
53.8
100.0
5.0
(3)
57.1
44.4
40.0
83.3
7.1
(3)
57.9
80.0
66.7
95.8
2.9
(3)
45.2
80.0
77.8
94.7
8.6
(3)
55.6
50.0
71.4
90.0
15.0
(3)
72.2
70.0
66.7
83.3
11.1
53.6
12.5
–
7.1
55.6
100.0
66.7
82.4
28.6
44.9
50.0
20.0
19.0
47.4
66.7
66.7
87.5
9.1
Disaster/safety ......................................................
Hazardous work environment ............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ................
Nonnatural disaster ............................................
Extreme weather-related event ..........................
66.1
–
75.0
4
6.7
90.2
82.0
66.7
100.0
37.5
91.9
83.6
60.0
33.3
–
95.8
95.7
50.0
100.0
100.0
96.8
42.9
100.0
50.0
100.0
42.5
80.6
25.0
60.0
60.0
89.6
84.4
–
66.7
80.0
95.5
37.9
–
100.0
25.0
37.3
Seasonal ...............................................................
Seasonal ............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .....
90.1
89.4
99.2
92.6
92.3
97.5
94.2
93.9
98.1
95.1
95.0
97.3
94.8
94.5
100.0
93.6
93.3
98.2
94.7
93.5
99.3
95.3
94.3
99.2
Other/miscellaneous .............................................
Other ..................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ................................
Data not provided: Does not know .....................
9.2
15.0
–
1.7
6.7
16.7
–
.7
2.3
11.8
–
–
5.3
16.8
–
–
5.0
17.0
–
–
4.8
19.1
–
.9
3.3
46.3
–
.5
2.5
38.9
–
.1
Domestic relocation ..............................................
5.0
4.9
2.0
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
Overseas relocation ..............................................
1.3
4.4
1.6
5
5
5
5
(5)
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………………
Industry
Reason for layoff2
Production specific ................................................
Automation/technological advances ..................
Energy related ....................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..............
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .........
Material or supply shortage ................................
Model changeover .............................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................
Product line discontinued ...................................
See
Seefootnote
footnote 1,
1, table
table 1.
1. See
footnote 1, table 6. See footnote 1, table 6.
3 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
4 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
Nonnatural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the third
4
was
addedlayoffs
as a reason
foror
layoff
in the related to
quarterNonnatural
of 2001, indisaster
order to
identify
directly
indirectly
third quarter of 2001, in order to identify layoffs directly or indirectly
1
1
2
2
3
( )
( )
( )
( )
the to
September
11 attacks.
Thus,
datadata
for 2001
pertain
to the
third and
related
the September
11 attacks.
Thus,
for 2001
pertain
to the
quarters
only.only.
thirdfourth
and fourth
quarters
5
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer
5
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no
used.
For additional information, see the Technical Note.
longer used.
For Dash
additional
information,
see the Technical Note.
NOTE:
represents
zero.
NOTE:
Dash represents zero.
31
Table 29. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations after which the employer
does not expect a recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008
Measure
Events
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………………………………
Separations
2,853
531,000
Mining …………………………………………………………………
Utilities ………………………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………………
Information ……………………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………………
7
5
405
1,035
83
258
124
102
255
1,395
564
40,027
185,670
11,398
69,349
29,903
16,260
42,984
Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………………
Educational services ………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………
Accommodation and food services ………………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………………
Unclassified establishments ………………………………………
29
89
18
201
10
61
28
122
18
3
3,219
24,273
3,073
51,185
1,064
14,313
7,253
26,349
1,953
768
1,503
233,455
87
284
5
20
50
17,532
39,540
1,280
3,750
9,342
1,057
162,011
Industry
Reason for layoff2
Business demand ......................................................................
Contract cancellation ..............................................................
Contract completion ...............................................................
Domestic competition .............................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ........................................
Import competition ..................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..........................................................
Organizational changes .............................................................
Business-ownership change ..................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..........................
476
97,850
81
395
24,256
73,594
Financial issues .........................................................................
Bankruptcy .............................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........................
Financial difficulty ...................................................................
692
152,064
126
325
241
35,830
49,790
66,444
47
10,205
6
8
16
(3)
3
–
(3)
10
942
1,108
5,033
(3)
291
–
(3)
1,917
Production specific ....................................................................
Automation/technological advances .......................................
Energy related ........................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..............................
Material or supply shortage ....................................................
Model changeover ..................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .....................................
Product line discontinued .......................................................
Disaster/safety ...........................................................................
Hazardous work environment .................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ....................................
Nonnatural disaster ................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..............................................
7
1,618
–
–
(3)
3
( )
–
–
(3)
3
( )
Seasonal ...................................................................................
Seasonal ................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .........................
51
22,476
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Other/miscellaneous ..................................................................
Other ......................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .....................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .........................................
77
13,332
35
10
32
6,602
1,716
5,014
1
See footnote
footnote 1,
1, table
table 1.
1.
See
See footnote
footnote 1,
1, table
table 6.
6. 3
3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero. NOTE: Dash represents zero.
1
22
32
Table 30. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm
sector, 2004–08
Layoff events
Separations
1
Reason for layoff
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Total, all reasons2 ..................................................
746
560
621
594
901
159,867
107,399
153,718
125,836
216,322
Business demand .....................................................
130
104
123
139
236
23,587
16,704
22,977
23,426
51,480
Contract cancellation .............................................
Contract completion ...............................................
Domestic competition ............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ........................
Import competition .................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal
business slowdown ..........................................
39
20
22
15
28
28
3,180
1,721
4,227
4,667
( )
(3)
32
( )
(3)
36
3
26
16
4
8
34
7,202
3,780
( )
(3)
31
24
13
4
9
49
( )
(3)
6,272
( )
(3)
6,091
( )
(3)
6,151
4,488
2,792
568
1,373
7,903
8,453
4,259
1,080
2,064
6,046
40
35
31
40
148
6,333
5,712
7,932
6,302
29,578
Organizational changes ............................................
290
227
274
172
223
63,725
43,418
78,219
30,647
50,429
Business-ownership change ..................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..........
59
231
46
181
70
204
57
115
50
173
10,206
53,519
8,651
34,767
23,548
54,671
11,341
19,306
16,379
34,050
Financial issues ........................................................
210
144
143
241
374
47,007
32,990
34,122
63,340
98,021
Bankruptcy .............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........
Financial difficulty ..................................................
70
59
41
16,654
13,207
(3)
85
(3)
102
113
103
158
16,759
( )
140
51
81
109
(3)
30,248
(3)
16,336
(3)
20,915
15,103
18,087
30,150
31,779
18,010
48,232
Production specific ....................................................
(4)
20
15
(4)
26
(4)
3,482
4,943
(4)
7,145
3
3
12
4
(4)
562
510
4,254
Automation/technological advances ......................
Energy related .......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............
Material or supply shortage ...................................
Model changeover .................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ....................
Product line discontinued .......................................
Disaster/safety ..........................................................
3
3
3
4
( )
–
–
4
( )
(4)
(4)
14
4
( )
(3)
(4)
(4)
–
–
16
4
( )
15
(3)
5
4
4
( )
–
( )
(4)
5
–
–
–
–
(3)
(4)
–
–
–
11
5
4
(4)
3
–
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
–
–
–
–
( )
( )
–
( )
–
–
–
( )
( )
( )
(4)
–
(4)
–
Seasonal ...................................................................
–
6
8
4
4
(3)
1,396
4
( )
4
4
( )
–
(4)
(4)
(4)
4,285
Hazardous work environment ................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................
Nonnatural disaster ................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..............................
4
3
3
–
3
4
( )
–
(4)
(3)
(4)
(4)
–
–
2,699
(3)
(4)
–
–
–
4,342
2,353
1,743
4
–
( )
(4)
4
( )
–
–
–
( )
–
( )
( )
4
( )
(4)
–
–
4
( )
–
585
4
4
4
(4)
1,575
–
–
–
–
(4)
291
–
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4
( )
–
–
–
(4)
–
(4)
4
( )
513
–
(4)
4
Seasonal ................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .........
–
–
6
–
8
–
–
–
( )
–
–
–
585
–
513
–
–
–
(4)
–
Other/miscellaneous .................................................
91
44
53
30
35
18,782
7,867
11,201
4,796
6,556
Other ......................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ....................................
Data not provided: Does not know .........................
66
6
19
31
3
10
38
4
11
11
4
15
17
6
12
14,992
927
2,863
5,593
490
1,784
8,458
582
2,161
1,634
661
2,501
3,425
1,225
1,906
1
2
3
See
footnote
1, table
6. 6.
1
See
footnote
1, table
2
See
footnote
1, table
See
footnote
1, table
1. 1.
3
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
4
Data do4not
meet
BLSmeet
or State
disclosure
standards.standards.
Data
do not
BLSagency
or State
agency disclosure
NOTE:
Dash represents
zero.
For additional
information,
see the Technical
Note.
NOTE: Dash
represents
zero.
33
Table 31. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector,
private nonfarm sector, 2004–08
Layoffs
Separations
Industry
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
746
560
621
594
901
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
4
–
16
357
28
94
24
30
36
2
( )
–
24
249
17
74
25
15
27
2
( )
–
18
314
21
81
23
30
34
6
–
6
289
26
63
16
12
86
2
( )
30
383
41
145
50
20
69
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
5
26
(2)
8
(2)
38
4
11
4
20
( )
16
3
20
11
( )
24
(2)
34
13
(2)
29
5
31
8
28
15
3
17
3
24
–
–
–
Total, private nonfarm1 ...................................
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
2
( )
35
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
2
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
34
2005
2006
2007
2008
159,867
107,399
153,718
125,836
216,322
(2)
2
2
789
–
2,718
71,013
4,815
24,921
5,423
8,282
8,714
( )
–
3,270
48,184
2,491
17,318
4,965
2,906
5,119
( )
–
1,377
67,228
4,265
40,784
7,852
6,537
5,510
1,184
–
2,083
56,264
4,103
19,771
3,209
1,623
16,164
(2)
4,783
83,661
6,591
51,381
15,844
3,059
11,367
7
18
7
37
1,299
4,136
(2)
1,503
(2)
9,345
532
1,831
811
3,913
981
3,729
1,415
9,073
2
( )
7,397
(2)
13
9
( )
28
9
44
6
(2)
8,410
1,868
(2)
5,609
568
5,818
1,208
4,935
2,517
296
2,970
367
5,226
1
–
–
–
2
( )
2004
2
2
2
2
2
( )
3,109
320
6,150
1,387
( )
8,351
(2)
3,296
1,814
( )
9,337
2,601
10,789
660
–
538
–
Table 32. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest
ranking three-digit NAICS industries in 2008
Permanent closures
Industry
NAICS
2007
Events
2
Separations
2008
Rank1
Events
Separations
Rank1
Total, private nonfarm ......................................
…
594
125,836
…
901
216,322
…
Total, 50 highest ranking industries .............................
…
542
115,600
…
854
210,044
…
General merchandise stores .......................................
Transportation equipment manufacturing ....................
Credit intermediation and related activities .................
Food services and drinking places ..............................
Administrative and support services ............................
Hospitals ......................................................................
Food and beverage stores ..........................................
Food manufacturing ....................................................
Furniture and home furnishings stores ........................
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ...............
452
336
522
722
561
622
445
311
442
326
10
41
77
9
20
7
16
20
5
23
2,630
8,303
13,966
1,809
3,913
3,122
8,548
5,130
1,902
5,425
14
3
1
26
8
11
2
6
22
4
43
76
60
40
37
17
12
28
16
26
20,680
20,471
10,032
9,409
9,073
7,972
7,760
7,472
6,914
6,146
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Couriers and messengers ...........................................
Wood product manufacturing ......................................
Computer and electronic product manufacturing ........
Electronics and appliance stores .................................
Textile mills ..................................................................
Truck transportation ....................................................
Furniture and related product manufacturing ..............
Clothing and clothing accessories stores ....................
Primary metal manufacturing ......................................
Professional and technical services ............................
492
321
334
443
313
484
337
448
331
541
3
( )
16
18
8
23
(3)
15
6
7
11
(3)
2,516
5,245
1,841
4,664
(3)
2,180
1,682
1,647
1,831
56
15
5
23
7
62
17
27
30
24
7
29
28
9
20
21
20
14
18
18
6,025
5,915
5,770
5,278
5,119
4,886
4,334
3,820
3,770
3,729
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing .....
Fabricated metal product manufacturing .....................
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods .........................
Air transportation .........................................................
Motor vehicle and parts dealers ..................................
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ...................
Paper manufacturing ...................................................
Chemical manufacturing ..............................................
Machinery manufacturing ............................................
Apparel manufacturing ................................................
335
332
423
481
441
424
322
325
333
315
8
19
10
(3)
3
13
12
14
10
20
1,664
3,279
1,662
3
( )
266
2,161
1,352
2,960
1,822
2,808
28
10
29
63
54
18
35
12
25
13
15
21
19
10
26
18
18
14
15
14
3,726
3,460
3,219
3,176
3,074
2,925
2,905
2,814
2,630
2,260
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Printing and related support activities .........................
Specialty trade contractors ..........................................
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ................
Construction of buildings .............................................
Building material and garden supply stores ................
Performing arts and spectator sports ..........................
Management of companies and enterprises ...............
Accommodation ...........................................................
Publishing industries, except Internet ..........................
Heavy and civil engineering construction ....................
323
238
327
236
444
711
551
721
511
237
14
3
8
3
(3)
(3)
4
4
3
–
2,242
649
1,276
1,434
3
( )
(3)
811
1,487
385
–
16
42
36
32
57
68
41
31
50
69
11
13
9
10
9
3
7
4
11
7
1,846
1,826
1,764
1,728
1,715
1,507
1,415
1,380
1,257
1,229
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Insurance carriers and related activities ......................
Amusements, gambling, and recreation ......................
Telecommunications ...................................................
Nonstore retailers ........................................................
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ............
Textile product mills .....................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................
Transit and ground passenger transportation .............
Warehousing and storage ...........................................
Nursing and residential care facilities ..........................
524
713
517
454
312
314
339
485
493
623
8
( )
6
(3 )
(3 )
8
10
5
6
9
1,903
3
( )
528
(3 )
(3 )
1,431
1,985
953
1,233
3,682
21
64
45
59
55
33
20
40
37
9
8
6
5
8
5
6
7
5
5
6
1
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2008.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
3
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
35
1,210
1,094
1,060
1,058
1,003
971
853
818
779
767
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Table 33. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events
and separations by State, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08
State
Layoffs
2007
Separations
2008
Change
2007
2008
Change
Total, private nonfarm1 ……
594
901
307
125,836
216,322
90,486
Alabama …………………………
Alaska …………………………
Arizona …………………………
Arkansas ………………………
California ………………………
Colorado ………………………
Connecticut ……………………
Delaware ………………………
District of Columbia ……………
Florida …………………………
Georgia …………………………
Hawaii …………………………
Idaho ……………………………
16
–
4
7
94
–
5
–
–
35
40
(2)
4
20
–
5
11
179
11
(2)
(2)
(2)
97
58
–
(2)
4
–
1
4
85
11
(2)
(2)
(2)
62
18
(2)
(2)
3,558
–
1,258
1,540
20,512
–
1,431
–
–
6,442
5,599
(2)
437
5,502
–
1,900
1,826
42,569
3,201
(2)
(2)
(2)
27,071
9,129
–
(2)
1,944
–
642
286
22,057
3,201
(2)
(2)
(2)
20,629
3,530
(2)
(2)
Illinois ……………………………
Indiana …………………………
Iowa ........................................
Kansas …………………………
Kentucky ………………………
Louisiana ………………………
Maine ……………………………
Maryland ………………………
Massachusetts …………………
Michigan ………………………
Minnesota ………………………
Mississippi ………………………
Missouri …………………………
45
22
6
(2)
13
3
(2)
13
10
18
(2)
7
17
55
41
10
(2)
22
5
(2)
6
14
26
5
14
25
10
19
4
(2)
9
2
(2)
-7
4
8
2
( )
7
8
8,964
5,112
1,645
(2)
1,714
730
(2)
1,929
1,770
7,865
(2)
2,239
3,325
12,672
10,035
1,839
(2)
3,211
649
(2)
861
2,011
5,932
976
3,558
6,309
3,708
4,923
194
(2)
1,497
-81
(2)
-1,068
241
-1,933
(2)
1,319
2,984
Montana …………………………
Nebraska ………………………
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ………………………
North Carolina …………………
North Dakota ……………………
Ohio ……………………………
Oklahoma ………………………
Oregon …………………………
Pennsylvania ……………………
3
(2)
5
(2)
40
(2)
32
24
–
29
4
7
8
5
(2)
9
–
44
7
25
26
–
67
3
8
9
2
(2)
4
(2)
4
(2)
-7
2
–
38
-1
1
1
274
(2)
1,469
(2)
9,510
(2)
7,118
3,439
–
5,850
2,118
1,347
938
499
(2)
2,680
–
9,926
916
8,680
4,685
–
22,651
2,460
1,112
1,362
225
(2)
1,211
(2)
416
(2)
1,562
1,246
–
16,801
342
-235
424
Rhode Island ……………………
South Carolina …………………
South Dakota …………………
Tennessee ………………………
Texas ……………………………
Utah ……………………………
Vermont …………………………
Virginia …………………………
Washington ……………………
West Virginia ……………………
Wisconsin ………………………
Wyoming ………………………
3
8
(2)
16
19
(2)
(2)
7
4
4
7
–
4
7
–
11
45
(2)
–
3
4
(2)
6
–
1
-1
(2)
-5
26
(2)
(2)
-4
–
(2)
-1
–
385
1,529
(2)
3,295
4,635
(2)
(2)
1,628
1,532
413
1,360
–
527
1,479
–
1,304
11,940
(2)
–
802
543
(2)
2,402
–
142
-50
(2)
-1,991
7,305
(2)
(2)
-826
-989
(2)
1,042
–
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
36
Table 34. Permanent worksite closures: The 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with
extended mass layoff events in 2008, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector
2007
Metropolitan Area
2
Initial claims
2008
Rank1
Initial claims
Rank1
Total, 372 metropolitan areas ………………………………………
76,323
…
149,463
…
Total, 25 highest ranking metropolitan areas…………………………
42,661
…
92,206
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA…………………………………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA……………………………………
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA………………
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI………………………………………
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA……………………………………
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA………………………………………
Dalton, GA……………………………………………………………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL……………………………
6,434
2,431
8,746
4,678
1,358
2,500
1,566
1,421
2
6
1
3
10
5
8
9
14,946
7,854
7,829
7,084
6,272
4,720
3,689
3,552
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL……………………………………
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA……………………………………
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville,CA………………………………
CA
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville,
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI…………………………………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX……………………………………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA……………………………………
St. Louis, MO-IL……………………………………………………………
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL……………………………………………………
732
1,567
1,063
4,421
710
714
1,092
482
21
7
12
4
23
22
11
36
3,311
3,287
3,081
2,689
2,654
2,344
2,307
2,011
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Elkhart-Goshen, IN…………………………………………………………
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN…………………………………………
Columbus, OH………………………………………………………………
Dayton, OH…………………………………………………………………
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD………………………
Janesville, WI………………………………………………………………
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN……………………………………………………
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX………………………………………
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL………………………………………
60
222
646
567
793
4
120
254
80
151
66
27
29
19
264
109
57
132
1,878
1,811
1,790
1,768
1,640
1,601
1,440
1,423
1,225
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claimants in 2008.
2008
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this
table are defined in U.S.
U S Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008. Dash represents zero.
1
2
37
Technical Note
T
he Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a FederalState program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects
of major job cutbacks, using data from each State’s unemployment insurance (UI) database. Establishments that have at least 50
initial claims for unemployment insurance filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the State agency
to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days’
duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number
of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and
location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified
by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and
place of residence. The MLS program yields information on an
individual’s entire spell of unemployment, to the point at which
regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted.
Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the private
nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff information
for agriculture and Government are no longer collected.
With the release of the extended mass layoff data from the first
quarter of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced improvements to the presentation of data on economic
reasons for extended mass layoffs. Clearer definitions and titles
for many of the current reasons were introduced and four new
reasons were added. In addition, seven higher level categories—
business demand, disaster/safety, financial, organizational, production, seasonal, and other/miscellaneous—are used to aggregate and report the detailed economic reasons for layoff. Because
of these changes, data beginning with the first quarter of 2007 are
not strictly comparable to data from previous quarters. For additional information on the changes to the MLS reasons, including
a detailed definition of each reason and a crosswalk of the new
to the old reasons, please see http://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm.
Definitions
Clothing manufacturing and distribution. Industries involved
in the production and distribution of clothing. These industries
include textile mills, apparel manufacturing, footwear manufacturing, apparel and piece goods merchant wholesalers, clothing
stores, shoe stores, department stores, and formal wear and costume rental.
Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by mail,
telephone, or in person, for waiting-period credit or payment for
a certified week of unemployment. The MLS program collects
continued claims for 1 week each month. That is generally the
calendar week that includes the 12th day of the month and is referred to as the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week.
Because continued claims are not tracked for all weeks, an exact
measure of insured jobless duration is not available.
Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted.
Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week
period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days.
Final payment recipients. Persons who have exhausted all of their
unemployment insurance benefits and are no longer eligible for
any further benefits.
Food processing and distribution. Industries that are involved in
the production and distribution of food. These industries include
food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing, grocery and related
product wholesalers, farm product raw material merchant wholesalers, alcoholic beverage merchant wholesalers, farm supplies
merchant wholesalers, food and beverage stores, food (health)
supplement stores, refrigerated warehousing and storage, farm
product warehousing and storage, veterinary services, and food
services and drinking places.
Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment
to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and
eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility.
Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a
mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons
who are subject to recall and those who are terminated.
Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month,
regardless of the duration of the layoff.
Movement-of-work action. Employer-confirmed relocation of
work within the same company or to other companies, domestically or outside the United States. Because employers may cite
more than one location to which work is moving, a layoff event
may have more than one action associated with it.
Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations specifically associated with movement-of-work actions.
Separations. The total number of people laid off in an extended
mass layoff event for more than 30 days, according to the employer.
Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or singleunit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or
planned to be closed with no employer expectation of recall.
38
Movement-of-work concepts and questions
Because of the employer interview component, BLS decided to
use the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with job loss, by
adding questions that address movement of work. The term “moving work” means that the company experiencing the layoff has
reassigned work activities that were performed at a worksite by
the company's employees (1) to another worksite within the company, (2) to another company under formal arrangements at the
same worksite, or (3) to another company under formal arrangements at another worksite. The type of work activities subject to
movement can include accounting, customer service, cleaning,
warehousing, and so forth.
“Overseas relocation” is the movement of work from within
the United States to locations outside of the United States. Overseas relocation can occur within the same company and involve
movement of work to a different location of that company outside
of the United States, or to a different company altogether.
“Domestic relocation” is the movement of work to other locations inside the United States, either within the same company or
to a different company.
Overseas relocation and domestic relocation are no longer
used in the same way as they were in earlier extended mass layoff
reports. Therefore, the data presented in this report are not comparable to those that were presented in earlier reports.
Questions on movement of work and location are asked for all
identified layoff events when the reason for separation is other
than seasonal work or vacation period. Seasonal and vacation
layoff events were excluded because movement of work appears
unlikely.
The State analyst asks questions on movement of work after
he or she has verified that a layoff in fact occurred and lasted
more than 30 days, and has obtained the total number of workers
separated from jobs, the date the layoff began, and the economic
reason for the layoff. If the reason for layoff is other than seasonal
or vacation, the employer is asked the following:
(1) Did this layoff include your company moving work from
this location(s) to a different geographic location(s) within your
company?
(2) Did this layoff include your company moving work that
was performed in-house by your employees to a different company, through contractual arrangements?
If the respondent answers yes to either question, the analyst
follows up by asking, “Is the location inside or outside of the
United States?” and “How many of the layoffs were a result of
this relocation?”
Layoff actions are classified as overseas relocation if the employer responds yes to questions 1 and/or 2, and indicates that the
location(s) was outside of the United States. Domestic relocation
is determined if the employer responds yes to questions 1 and/or
2 and indicates that the location(s) was within the United States.
After asking the movement-of-work questions, the employer
interview continues and the analyst obtains responses for questions on recall expectations and open/closed status of the worksite.
The MLS program uses a range to report separations associated with movement of work. The data provided by respondents on
the number of separations associated with specific movement-ofwork actions establish a lower bound. The upper bound is the total
number of separations in extended mass layoff events in which
there was some movement of work. The difference between the
lower and upper bounds includes an unknown number of separations that were not due to movement of work and an unknown
number of separations from movement-of-work actions where
employers could not provide detail.
Reliability of the data
The identification of establishments and layoff events in the MLS
program and associated characteristics of claimants is based on
administrative data on covered establishments and unemployment
insurance claims, and, therefore, is not subject to issues associated
with sampling error. Nonsampling errors such as typographical
errors may occur but are not likely to be significant. While the
MLS establishments and layoff events are not subject to sampling
error, and all such employers are asked the employer interview
questions, the employer responses are subject to nonsampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including
the inability to obtain information for all respondents, inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and
errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For 2008,
outright refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted
for 3.4 percent of all private nonfarm events. Employers in 124
instances were included in the total number of actions entailing
movement of work, but were unable to provide the number of
separations specifically associated with the movement of work.
Out-of-country moves were involved in 25 of these instances.
Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The information
in this report is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: (202) 691-7828; Federal Relay Service:
1-800-877-8339. Email address: [email protected].
39