Extended Mass Layoffs
in 2007
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
March 2009
Report 1013
Introduction
Extended mass layoffs, as defined in the MLS program,
refer to layoffs of at least 31 days’ duration that involve the
filing of initial claims for unemployment insurance by 50 or
more individuals from a single establishment during a period
of 5 consecutive weeks. Since 2004, the detailed reports no
longer cover government or agricultural layoffs. This report
uses the new metropolitan area definitions as published in the
Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 08-01. Additional information about the program is provided in the Technical
Note that follows the tables.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass
Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information on
large-scale private nonfarm layoff events and on the characteristics of dislocated workers. Each month, BLS reports
on the number of mass layoff events. Each quarter there is
a separate report on the number and characteristics of those
private nonfarm mass layoffs which last more than 30 days.
The present report summarizes these mass layoffs for all of
2007, providing information on the industry, geographic distribution, and size of private nonfarm mass layoffs; the demographic characteristics of those claiming unemployment
insurance; the duration of certified unemployment; the expectation of recall; the extent of permanent worksite closures;
and the movement-of-work actions taken by employers.
In 2007, employers laid off about 967,000 workers in 5,364
private nonfarm extended mass layoff events. The number of
layoff events reached its highest level since 2003, and the
number of associated separations moved to its highest level
since 2004. (See table 1.) In 2007, both the construction industry and the finance and insurance industry registered program highs for the number of workers affected by extended
mass layoffs. Twenty-four States and the District of Columbia reported over-the-year increases in the number of workers
laid off. Among the seven categories of economic reasons for
layoff, layoffs due to seasonal work accounted for 38 percent
of all private nonfarm worker separations, and layoffs due to
financial reasons reached the highest level since 2003. Between 30,179 and 46,459 workers lost their jobs in extended
mass layoffs because their employers moved work to other
U.S. locations or to locations outside of the United States;
this was the lowest range of separations due to movement of
work since 2004 when the program first released such figures. Layoff activity involving permanent worksite closures
accounted for 13 percent of all extended mass layoff events
and affected 126,642 workers in 2007.
In 2007, the national unemployment rate was 4.6 percent;
unchanged from a year earlier. Private nonfarm payroll employment increased by 1.1 percent, or about 1.3 million jobs,
from 2006 to 2007.
Highlights
Industry distribution of 2007 mass layoffs
•
Manufacturing establishments accounted for 25 percent of extended mass layoff events and separations in
2007, down from 28 percent of layoff events and 29
percent of separations in 2006. The percentages of layoff events and separations in 2007 were the lowest on
record for this sector since annual data became available in 1996. Within manufacturing, transportation
equipment (largely automobiles) and food processing
(mostly fruit and vegetable canning and fresh and frozen seafood processing) firms accounted for 43 percent
of the separations in 2007. Compared with 2006, transportation equipment registered the largest decrease
(21,364) in manufacturing separations. (See tables 2
and 3.)
•
Layoff activity in construction (mainly in heavy and
civil engineering and in specialty trade contractors)
reached a program high in 2007. (See table 2.) Eightyone percent of all construction layoffs were due to the
ending of seasonal work and the completion of contracts. Employers expected a recall in 54 percent of
the construction layoff events, the lowest percentage
recorded in the program.
•
Retail trade accounted for 5 percent of layoff events
and 12 percent of separations, largely due to business
ownership change in food and beverages stores. (See
Extended Mass Layoff Separations, by Reason Categories1
Extended mass layoff separations,
2001–07 by reason categories,1 2001–07
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2001
1
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
Seasonal
Seasonal
Business
Business demand
demand
Organizational
Organizational changes
changes
Financial
Financial issues
issues
Production
Productionspecific
specific
Disaster/Safety
Disaster/Safety
1
The
chart
excludes
information
on layoffs
to other/miscellaneous
reasons.
The
chart
excludes
information
on layoffs
duedue
to other/miscellaneous
reasons.
table 2.) The number of mass layoff separations in
food and beverage stores (64,003) reached its highest
level since 1996.
•
2005
Manufacturers and distributors of clothing reported extended mass layoffs involving 36,370 workers, the second-lowest level recorded in the program. (See table
2.) Layoffs due to seasonal reasons accounted for the
largest number of separations (11,564) in this selected
industry grouping, followed by layoffs due to business
demand reasons (8,713). The South registered the highest number of laid-off workers in the clothing grouping
(13,747); the West, with 11,919, followed the South.
•
Employers involved in food processing and distribution, excluding agriculture, accounted for 16 percent
(157,865) of all private nonfarm separations. The number of such separations increased by 31 percent, compared with 120,792 in 2006. (See tables 2 and 3.)
•
Of the major sectors, finance and insurance recorded
the largest increase in extended mass layoff separations between 2006 and 2007 (35,827), followed by
construction (29,457) and retail trade (19,444). Among
those sectors showing declines in the number of separated workers, administrative and waste services had
the largest decrease (36,075), followed by manufacturing (32,283). (See table 3.)
•
Among the 87 three-digit NAICS-coded industry
groups in the private nonfarm economy identified in
the MLS program, 41 posted increases in the number
of separated workers during 2007. Of these, food and
beverage stores recorded the largest increase (42,727),
followed by credit intermediation and related activities (33,575) and specialty trade contractors (13,345).
Forty-three industries registered decreases, led by administrative and support services (34,278), transportation equipment manufacturing (21,364), and general
merchandise stores (19,308).
•
At the three-digit NAICS industry level, food and
beverage stores and credit intermediation and related
activities moved into the top 10 in terms of worker
separations, with amusement, gambling, and recreation
and general merchandise stores dropping from that list.
(See table 4.)
•
Among the six-digit NAICS industries, real estate
credit and child daycare services moved into the top 10
in terms of separations, replacing skiing facilities and
professional employer organizations. (See table 5.)
Reason for layoff
•
Based on the 7 categories of economic reasons for extended mass layoffs, layoff events related to seasonal
reasons (seasonal and vacation period) accounted for
35 percent of layoff events and 38 percent of separations; both proportions were unchanged from 2006.
(See table 6 and the chart.) One-third of all workers
separated because of seasonal layoffs in 2007 were
from one of three industries: transit and ground passenger transportation, heavy and civil engineering construction, and food services and drinking places.
•
•
•
In 2007, business demand factors (contract cancellation,
contract completion, domestic competition, excess inventory, import completion, and slack work) accounted
for 35 percent of all extended mass layoff events and
26 percent of separations, down slightly from 37 percent of layoff events and 28 percent of separations in
2006. (See table 6.) Slack work and contract completion accounted for 89 percent of the layoff events and
87 percent of the separations within the business demand group. Transportation equipment manufacturers
had the largest number of worker separations due to
slack work; specialty trade contracting recorded the
largest separations level due to contract completion.
The largest over-the-year increases in layoffs, by reason-for-layoff category, occurred because of financial
issues (51,982). This increase was primarily due to
more layoff activity in the credit intermediation and related activities industry. Layoffs due to organizational
changes had the largest decrease in worker separations
compared with 2006 (25,718), followed by layoffs due
to production-specific reasons (10,498). (See tables 6
and 7.)
California accounted for the largest number of separations due to seasonal factors, followed by Illinois, New
York, and New Jersey. California accounted for the
highest number of layoffs due to business demand factors and organizational changes; Illinois had the second
highest number of separations in these categories. (See
table 8.)
•
Manufacturing industries (largely transportation equipment, computer and electronic products, and food processing) accounted for 72 percent of layoff events and
73 percent of separations in which work moved. In
contrast, manufacturing accounted for only 28 percent
of layoff events and 29 percent of separations in nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work. (See table 9.)
•
Organizational change was cited in 45 percent of both
layoff events and separations associated with the movement of work. Among nonseasonal and nonvacation
mass layoffs with no movement of work, 9 percent of
layoff events and 19 percent of separations were due to
organizational changes. (See table 10.)
•
The South led all regions in the number of separations
that caused work to be moved (15,351), followed by
the Midwest (14,050). (See table 11.) All four U.S.
regions experienced over-the-year decreases in the
number of workers laid off in layoff events involving
some movement of work. Both the South and Midwest
regions experienced 19-percent over-the-year declines,
followed by the Northeast (down 13 percent) and the
West (down 12 percent).
•
Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants in
layoffs involving the movement of work. About onequarter of such claimants received final payments.
Also, in movement-of-work layoff events, the claimants in the oldest age category (55 years of age and
older) were the most likely to exhaust their benefits.
(See table 12.)
•
In the 267 layoff events involving movement of work,
352 relocations of work were identified. (Movement of
work can involve more than one relocation.) Of these
352 relocations, employers were able to provide information on the specific number of separations associated
with the movement-of-work component of the layoff in
253 actions, or 72 percent of the total actions for 2007.
Thus, a range of 30,179 (the number of separations in
movement-of-work actions for which the employer
was able to provide specific detail) to 46,459 (the total
number of separations in all layoff events that included
movement of work) is established for separations due
to the movement of work in 2007. This is the lowest
range since the program first collected such data in
2004. (See table 13.)
•
Of the 253 actions with separations reported, domestic relocations of work accounted for 66 percent of the
actions and resulted in the separation of 18,073 workers. Eighty-nine percent of the domestic actions and
88 percent of associated separations were the result of
moving work within the same company. For domestic
Movement of work
•
Movement of work occurred in 267 extended mass layoff events in 2007. This was 8 percent of all nonseasonal and non-vacation-period extended mass layoff
events and resulted in the separation of 46,459 workers. Compared with 2006, the number of layoff events
involving movement of work increased by 6 percent,
while the number of separations dropped by 17 percent.
(See tables 9 and 13.)
•
Among the 267 layoff events with reported relocation
of work, 68 percent involved the permanent closure of
worksites, affecting 33,072 workers. In sharp contrast,
only 13 percent of the nonseasonal and nonvacation
mass layoffs in which there was no movement of work
involved a closure.
relocations, employers cited California more than any
other State as the location to which work was moving,
followed by Michigan, Tennessee, and Illinois. (See
table 14.)
•
tables 17 and 19.) In the total civilian labor force in
2007, 46 percent were women, 11 percent were black,
14 percent were Hispanic, and 17 percent were 55 years
of age or older. Thirty-four percent of the civilian labor
force was between the ages of 30 and 44.
Out-of-country relocations accounted for 34 percent
of the movement-of-work actions among the 253 relocations of work with separations reported; 11,856
workers were laid off as a result of out-of-country relocations. Eighty-five percent of the out-of-the-country
actions and 83 percent of the separations were due to
relocations within the same company. (See table 14.) In
65 percent of cases, people reported that the work had
moved to Mexico or China.
Size of layoff
•
Smaller-size layoffs—those involving fewer than 150
workers in the layoff event—accounted for 69 percent
of all layoff events in 2007, the highest percentage in
this category in program history. These layoff events,
however, accounted for only 33 percent of all separations, a slight increase from 2006 (30 percent). On the
other end of the spectrum, 251 layoff events involving
500 or more workers accounted for 32 percent of all
separations. (See table 15.)
•
The average number of separations per layoff event in
2007 was 180, down from 192 in 2006. Among private
sector employers, retail trade reported the largest average layoff size per layoff event (415 workers), followed
by arts, entertainment, and recreation (325 workers)
and professional and technical services (288 workers).
Establishments with the smallest average layoff size
were those in construction (114 workers) and educational services (130 workers). (See table 16.)
•
Employers citing business ownership change as the
reason for layoff had the highest average layoff size per
layoff event (722 workers), followed by those reporting
a labor dispute (274 workers), bankruptcy (267 workers), and financial difficulty (235 workers). Layoffs due
to material or supply shortage and extreme weather averaged the fewest separations per layoff event (89 and
94 workers, respectively). (See table 16.)
•
Employers reporting the worksite as permanently
closed averaged 213 separations per layoff event, down
14 percent from 2006 (when there were 248 separations per layoff event). (See table 16.)
•
People of Hispanic origin accounted for 16 percent of
the claimants involved in extended mass layoff events.
The percentage of claimants who were Hispanic was
highest in wholesale trade (27 percent), followed by
health care and social assistance (23 percent) and construction (21 percent). (See table 18.)
•
The proportion of black claimants was 15 percent,
about the same as in 2006 (16 percent). Establishments
providing educational services and establishments providing other services except public administration reported the highest percentage of black claimants (31
percent).
•
The percentage of claimants aged 55 and over, at 19
percent, was the same as in 2006. The proportion of
claimants in this age group was highest in transportation and warehousing (31 percent); arts, entertainment
and recreation (30 percent); and professional and technical services (29 percent). Claimants between the ages
of 30 and 44 accounted for 35 percent of all claimants
from extended mass layoffs. The proportion of claimants in this age group was highest in finance and insurance (42 percent), information (40 percent), and construction (39 percent). (See table 19.)
Duration of insured unemployment
•
North Carolina reported the longest duration of insured
unemployment associated with extended mass layoff
events (as measured by the average number of continued claims for unemployment insurance filed for the
weeks that followed the initial claim and that included
the 12th day of the month), followed by New Mexico,
the District of Columbia, and Tennessee. Claimants experiencing the shortest jobless duration (as measured
by the average number of continued claims) were separated from employers located in Kentucky, Alaska, Indiana, and Delaware. (See table 20.)
Initial claimants
•
In 2007, 977,880 initial claimants for unemployment
insurance were associated with extended mass layoff
events. Of these, 40 percent were women, 15 percent
were black, 16 percent were Hispanic, and 19 percent
were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-five percent of
claimants were between the ages of 30 and 44. (See
•
North Carolina reported the largest proportion of claimants exhausting unemployment insurance benefits (46
percent), followed by Tennessee (33 percent), New
Mexico (27 percent), and Florida (23 percent). States
registering the lowest percentages of exhaustees were
Alaska, New Hampshire, Nebraska, Delaware, and
West Virginia. (See table 20.)
•
The longest average jobless duration (as measured by
the average number of continued claims) was experienced by claimants laid off from the finance and insurance sector. Claimants laid off from utilities and from
transportation and warehousing experienced the shortest periods of joblessness. (See table 21.)
•
Benefit exhaustion rates were highest among workers in
professional and technical services (27 percent), while
workers in transportation and warehousing (6 percent)
had the lowest rates. (See table 21.)
•
Claimants laid off because of financial issues and organizational changes reported the longest jobless duration. The shortest duration occurred in layoffs due to a
slowdown in business demand. (See table 21.)
•
Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants
involved with worksite closures (26 percent) when
compared with claimants affected by nonclosure layoff events. Claimants associated with layoffs from employers that did not expect a recall experienced a higher average benefit exhaustion rate (18 percent) than did
workers affected by layoff events that were expected to
lead to a recall (9 percent). (See table 21.)
•
Among the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas in
terms of the level of initial claims activity, claimants
laid off from employers in Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC, reported the longest jobless duration,
followed by claimants laid off in Nashville-DavidsonMurfreesboro-Franklin, TN, and Oxnard-Thousand
Oaks-Ventura, CA. Claimants associated with employers in Fort Smith, AR-OK, Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA,
and York-Hanover, PA, experienced the shortest duration of unemployment. Benefit exhaustion rates were
highest in Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC (49
percent), Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
(33 percent), and Nashville-Davidson-MurfreesboroFranklin, TN (32 percent). (See table 22.)
•
(99,251). Six of the nine geographic divisions reported
an increase in separations from 2006, with the largest increases in the Pacific (94,252), Middle Atlantic
(8,002), and East South Central (7,419) divisions. (See
table 24.)
Claimants aged 55 and over had the highest exhaustion rates as compared with other age groups. Women
had higher exhaustion rates than men. Black claimants
reported higher benefit exhaustion rates than people of
any other race or ethnic category, followed by those of
Asian or Pacific Islander origin. (See table 23.)
Geographic distribution
•
In 2007, employers in the West reported the highest
numbers of extended mass layoff events and associated
layoffs, while the South had the lowest. (See table 24.)
Layoffs in the West occurred primarily in retail trade,
manufacturing, and construction. Excluding the impact
of seasonal layoffs, the West (243,611) and the Midwest (145,718) had the highest levels of workers separated in extended mass layoff events.
•
•
California had the largest number of worker separations, 258,112, followed by Illinois (81,719), New
York (59,817), and Michigan (53,870). (See table 25.)
When the substantial impact of seasonal layoffs was
excluded, California had the highest separations total
for 2007 (207,328), followed by Illinois (41,855) and
Michigan (39,641).
•
Two States—New Jersey and Tennessee—reached
their highest annual totals of laid-off workers since
annual data became available in 1996, and no States
reached new lows. Twenty-four States and the District
of Columbia had over-the-year increases in the number
of laid-off workers, led by California (97,305), Tennessee (8,709), and New Jersey (4,757). Of the 26 States
reporting over-the-year decreases in the number of
laid-off workers, the largest declines were in Florida
(40,366), Ohio (15,421), and Michigan (13,268). (See
table 25.)
•
Fifty-two percent of extended mass layoff events and
42 percent of separations occurred in metropolitan areas—a decrease from 2006, when 55 percent of layoff events and 48 percent of separations occurred in
such areas. Among the 369 metropolitan areas, Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA, reported the
highest number of separations (46,651), followed by
New York-North New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA
(37,350), and Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI
(35,424). Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA, San
Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA, and Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville, CA, entered the top 10 metropolitan areas in terms of laid-off workers, while San
Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA, Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD, and Miami-Fort
Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL, dropped out of the
top 10. (See table 26.)
Recall expectations
•
In 2007, employers expected a recall after half of all extended mass layoff events. Industries in which the expectation of recall was highest following a layoff were
arts, entertainment, and recreation (84 percent); healthcare and social assistance (78 percent); and mining (77
percent). Layoffs in finance and insurance (1 percent)
and real estate and rental and leasing (11 percent) had
the lowest percentages of recall expectation. Excluding
seasonal and vacation-period layoffs (after which a recall was expected 95 percent of the time), a recall was
expected after 25 percent of layoff events, the lowest
percentage since 2003. (See tables 27 and 28.)
Compared with 2006, increases in the number of
separations occurred in two of the four U.S. regions
in 2007, with the West reporting the largest increase
•
Of those employers expecting a recall, half indicated
that all workers would eventually be recalled, and 90
percent expected to recall at least half of the workers.
(See table 27.)
•
Employers citing financial issues and organizational
changes had the lowest percentages of recall expectation, 4 and 6 percent respectively. Layoffs events due to
seasonal reasons registered the highest recall expectations (95 percent), followed by layoffs due to disaster
and safety reasons (84 percent). (See table 28.)
•
Manufacturing industries accounted for 32 percent of
layoff events and 34 percent of separations after which
the employer did not expect a recall. These layoffs occurred mainly in transportation equipment, computer and
electronic products, and food manufacturing. Finance
and insurance accounted for an additional 14 percent of
layoff events and 16 percent of separations after which
no recall was expected; most of these layoff events and
separations with no expected recall were in credit intermediation and related activities. (See table 29.)
•
In 2007, manufacturing accounted for 49 percent of
layoff events and 44 percent of separations resulting
in a worksite closure. These layoff events occurred
largely in transportation equipment, plastics and rubber
products, computer and electronics products, and food
manufacturing. Retail trade accounted for 11 percent
of the layoff events and 16 percent of separations resulting from closures during the year, most of which
occurred in food and beverage stores. (See table 31.)
Three major industry sectors—information, transportation and warehousing, and utilities—reached series
lows in terms of closure-related separated workers
in 2007, and one major industry—finance and insurance—reached a series high.
•
In 2007, nursing and residential care facilities and fabricated metal product manufacturing moved into the
top 10 three-digit NAICS industries in terms of the
number of workers laid off because of permanent closures. These industries replaced general merchandise
stores and accommodations. (See table 32.)
•
California registered the highest number of separations
in permanent-closure-related layoff events (21,318),
followed by New Jersey (9,510) and Illinois (8,964).
New Jersey reported the largest increase (1,969) in separations due to closures, while Ohio had the largest decrease (10,496) in workers laid off because of closures.
(See table 33.) Ten States and the District of Columbia
reached series lows in terms of closure-related separated workers in 2007—Alaska, Colorado, Delaware,
Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, North Dakota,
Virginia, and Wyoming.
•
Among the 369 Metropolitan Areas, employers in New
York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA,
reported the highest number of separations caused by
permanent-closure-related layoff events (9,835), followed by Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
(6,672). San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA, and Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI, entered the top 5 metropolitan areas this year in terms of workers laid off because
of permanent closures, replacing San Jose-SunnyvaleSanta Clara, CA, and Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL. (See table 34.)
Business demand reasons were cited most frequently
for layoffs after which no recall was expected, accounting for 49 percent of such layoff events and 37 percent
of such separations. Layoffs due to financial issues accounted for an additional 23 percent of layoff events
with no expectation of recall and 32 percent of associated separations. (See table 29.)
Permanent worksite closures
•
Employers reported that 11 percent of private nonfarm
extended mass layoff events resulted in a permanent
closure of the worksite, affecting 126,642 workers.
The number of workers involved in closures reached
its second-lowest level on record. Data on permanent
closures are available beginning with the year 1996.
(See table 30.)
•
•
Separations in permanent closures in 2007 were due
mostly to financial issues (64,146), followed by organizational changes (30,647) and business demand reasons (23,426). (See table 30.)
Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 1999–2007
Initial claimants for
Year/quarter
Events1
Separations1
1999
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,262
1,194
898
1,202
230,711
246,251
184,429
240,060
213,535
205,043
156,123
222,216
Total ……………………………
4,556
901,451
796,917
2000
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,081
1,055
817
1,638
202,500
205,861
174,628
332,973
180,205
186,759
158,394
320,909
Total ……………………………
4,591
915,962
846,267
2001
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,546
1,828
1,629
2,372
304,171
430,499
330,391
459,771
306,535
358,611
336,298
456,068
Total ……………………………
7,375
1,524,832
1,457,512
2002
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,611
1,624
1,186
1,916
299,266
344,606
255,152
373,307
292,998
299,598
254,955
370,592
Total ……………………………
6,337
1,272,331
1,218,143
2003
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,502
1,799
1,190
1,690
286,947
368,273
236,333
325,333
297,608
348,966
227,909
326,328
Total ……………………………
6,181
1,216,886
1,200,811
2004
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,339
1,358
886
1,427
276,503
278,831
164,608
273,967
238,392
254,063
148,575
262,049
Total ……………………………
5,010
993,909
903,079
2005
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,142
1,203
1,136
1,400
186,506
246,099
201,878
250,178
185,486
212,673
190,186
246,188
Total ……………………………
4,881
884,661
834,533
2006
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
963
1,353
929
1,640
183,089
295,964
160,254
296,662
193,510
264,927
161,764
330,901
Total ……………………………
4,885
935,969
951,102
2007
First quarter ………………………
Second quarter …………………
Third quarter ……………………
Fourth quarter ……………………
1,110
1,421
1,019
1,814
225,600
278,719
160,830
301,377
199,250
259,082
173,518
346,030
Total ……………………………
5,364
966,526
977,880
11
unemployment insurance1
Dataon
onlayoffs
layoffs
were
reported
by employers
in all and
States
and the
of Columbia.
Data
were
reported
by employers
in all States
the District
of District
Columbia.
Table 2. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2005–07
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Industry
2005
2006
2007
4,881
4,885
Mining …………………………………………………………
44
13
Utilities …………………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………………
960
Manufacturing ………………………………………………… 1,292
Food ………………………………………………………
273
Beverage and tobacco products …………………………
13
37
Textile mills …………………………………………………
Textile product mills ………………………………………
24
Apparel ……………………………………………………
47
6
Leather and allied products ………………………………
Wood products ……………………………………………
49
29
Paper ………………………………………………………
Printing and related support activities …………………
39
Petroleum and coal products ……………………………
19
Chemicals …………………………………………………
31
Plastics and rubber products ……………………………
Nonmetallic mineral products ……………………………
Primary metal ………………………………………………
Fabricated metal products ………………………………
Machinery …………………………………………………
Computer and electronic products ………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance ……………………
Transportation equipment ………………………………
Furniture and related products …………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing ……………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………………
Information ……………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………
Educational services …………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………
Accommodation and food services …………………………
Other services, except public administration ………………
1
Total, private nonfarm ........................................................
Unclassified …………………………………………………
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
5,364
884,661
935,969
966,526
834,533
951,102
977,880
40
11
1,062
1,368
245
26
55
20
53
9
87
38
36
22
26
39
9
1,365
1,366
221
19
39
13
49
5
102
29
37
22
36
5,906
1,818
122,393
223,066
50,817
2,489
5,256
3,110
7,024
887
7,547
3,416
4,763
2,513
5,519
6,911
1,690
125,892
273,574
50,229
3,433
9,083
2,311
7,575
998
10,768
4,946
4,904
3,102
3,490
5,381
1,182
155,349
241,291
43,560
2,341
7,707
2,609
6,244
477
13,985
3,675
5,790
3,175
6,279
5,470
1,776
135,323
243,159
52,823
2,041
7,466
4,282
6,051
774
8,287
3,258
5,454
2,902
4,750
6,122
1,735
157,635
329,083
50,035
3,476
12,227
3,710
6,715
1,021
14,225
4,216
4,468
3,320
2,746
4,791
1,548
192,355
309,550
46,046
2,772
13,705
3,838
6,406
645
16,578
3,687
4,995
3,264
5,039
63
82
35
77
72
79
40
196
52
29
71
66
44
63
70
80
45
227
56
29
56
98
41
74
76
84
33
226
79
27
7,732
12,229
6,752
10,291
12,427
14,230
10,537
42,971
8,468
4,088
10,710
10,737
8,981
7,232
11,498
17,937
11,103
81,278
8,530
4,729
8,725
12,107
6,374
9,944
14,210
14,619
5,375
59,914
9,979
4,202
8,686
12,486
5,238
10,884
13,974
12,984
12,556
55,970
8,563
3,730
12,351
11,319
8,359
9,199
11,632
14,487
13,602
129,063
9,083
3,829
7,167
14,685
8,664
11,786
18,329
13,109
11,181
104,264
10,131
3,259
102
336
300
114
110
19
156
14
505
22
307
135
357
94
84
313
314
113
161
17
155
18
477
23
232
130
286
81
98
288
334
93
374
28
171
28
345
27
260
139
303
93
13,345
79,607
67,455
23,041
18,898
2,667
41,800
2,178
93,554
5,227
42,918
52,058
74,912
13,618
13,976
100,104
70,074
18,978
31,064
1,732
44,351
2,582
91,777
2,353
30,076
43,014
67,135
10,686
12,931
119,548
70,911
13,387
66,891
3,841
49,224
4,085
55,702
3,505
40,364
45,208
63,811
13,069
13,611
71,432
58,009
22,671
19,957
3,618
31,717
1,867
93,636
3,181
33,935
18,801
63,567
12,623
10,783
86,519
62,150
23,736
28,671
1,500
35,773
2,530
91,746
2,661
25,184
15,645
59,373
10,256
12,106
72,317
72,678
16,804
67,511
3,792
38,075
3,409
60,269
3,814
30,571
17,101
58,917
11,685
1
–
4
200
–
846
180
–
587
182
632
239
534
180
525
33,657
121,738
55,986
120,792
36,370
157,865
35,857
118,583
60,800
115,032
50,245
109,332
2
Selected industry groupings
Clothing manufacturing and distribution ……………………
Food processing and distribution ……………………………
1 1
See
table
1. 1.
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,
table
2 2
Seethe
theTechnical
TechnicalNote
Note
descriptions
of these
industry
groupings.
See
forfor
descriptions
of these
industry
groupings.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector,
2005–06 and 2006–07
2005–06
2006–07
Industry
Level change
Percent change
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm1 ...................................................
51,308
5.8
30,557
3.3
Mining ..........................................................................
Utilities .........................................................................
Construction ................................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................
Food ........................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products .............................
Textile mills .............................................................
Textile product mills ................................................
Apparel ....................................................................
Leather and allied products .....................................
Wood products ........................................................
Paper .......................................................................
Printing and related support activities .....................
Petroleum and coal products ..................................
Chemicals ...............................................................
1,005
-128
3,499
50,508
-588
944
3,827
-799
551
111
3,221
1,530
141
589
-2,029
17.0
-7.0
2.9
22.6
-1.2
37.9
72.8
-25.7
7.8
12.5
42.7
44.8
3.0
23.4
-36.8
-1,530
-508
29,457
-32,283
-6,669
-1,092
-1,376
298
-1,331
-521
3,217
-1,271
886
73
2,789
-22.1
-30.1
23.4
-11.8
-13.3
-31.8
-15.1
12.9
-17.6
-52.2
29.9
-25.7
18.1
2.4
79.9
Plastics and rubber products ...................................
Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................
Primary metal ..........................................................
Fabricated metal products .......................................
Machinery ................................................................
Computer and electronic products ..........................
Electrical equipment and appliance ........................
Transportation equipment .......................................
Furniture and related products ................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................
2,978
-1,492
2,229
-3,059
-929
3,707
566
38,307
62
641
38.5
-12.2
33.0
-29.7
-7.5
26.1
5.4
89.1
.7
15.7
-1,985
1,370
-2,607
2,712
2,712
-3,318
-5,728
-21,364
1,449
-527
-18.5
12.8
-29.0
37.5
23.6
-18.5
-51.6
-26.3
17.0
-11.1
Wholesale trade ..........................................................
Retail trade ..................................................................
Transportation and warehousing .................................
Information ..................................................................
Finance and insurance ................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..............................
Professional and technical services ............................
Management of companies and enterprises ...............
Administrative and waste services ..............................
Educational services ...................................................
Health care and social assistance ...............................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .............................
Accommodation and food services .............................
Other services, except public administration ...............
631
20,497
2,619
-4,063
12,166
-935
2,551
404
-1,777
-2,874
-12,842
-9,044
-7,777
-2,932
4.7
25.7
3.9
-17.6
64.4
-35.1
6.1
18.5
-1.9
-55.0
-29.9
-17.4
-10.4
-21.5
-1,045
19,444
837
-5,591
35,827
2,109
4,873
1,503
-36,075
1,152
10,288
2,194
-3,324
2,383
-7.5
19.4
1.2
-29.5
115.3
121.8
11.0
58.2
-39.3
49.0
34.2
5.1
-5.0
22.3
Unclassified .................................................................
-200
–
846
3
( )
22,329
946
66.3
.8
-19,616
37,073
-35.0
30.7
Selected industry groupings2
Clothing manufacturing and distribution …………………
Food processing and distribution …………………………
1
1
2
2
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.
1.
See
See
Seethe
theTechnical
TechnicalNote
Notefor
fordescriptions
descriptionsofofthese
theseindustry
industrygroupings.
groupings.
Percentage could not be calculated because the denominator is zero.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
3
Percentage could not be calculated because the denominator is zero.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest
three-digit NAICS industries, 2006–07
Industry
2
NAICS
2006
Events
Separations
2007
Rank
1
Events
Separations
Rank
Total, private nonfarm ......................................
…
4,885
935,969
…
5,364
966,526
…
Total, 50 highest industries .........................................
…
4,585
892,193
…
5,066
923,274
…
Heavy and civil engineering construction ....................
Food and beverage stores ..........................................
Specialty trade contractors ..........................................
Transportation equipment manufacturing ....................
Administrative and support services ............................
Transit and ground passenger transportation .............
Credit intermediation and related activities .................
Professional and technical services ............................
Food manufacturing ....................................................
Food services and drinking places ..............................
237
445
238
336
561
485
522
541
311
722
438
49
454
227
472
181
104
155
245
189
57,978
21,276
47,351
81,278
89,674
44,727
17,049
44,351
50,229
41,944
3
13
5
2
1
6
16
7
4
8
541
51
608
226
341
221
289
171
221
204
68,568
64,003
60,696
59,914
55,396
51,926
50,624
49,224
43,560
43,309
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Amusements, gambling, and recreation ......................
Construction of buildings .............................................
Social assistance .........................................................
Accommodation ...........................................................
General merchandise stores .......................................
Nonstore retailers ........................................................
Computer and electronic product manufacturing ........
Machinery manufacturing ............................................
Wood product manufacturing ......................................
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ................
713
236
624
721
452
454
334
333
321
327
57
170
182
97
118
38
80
70
87
66
32,750
20,563
22,961
25,191
38,444
16,428
17,937
11,498
10,768
10,737
10
14
12
11
9
17
15
19
21
22
53
216
203
99
69
39
84
76
102
98
34,428
26,085
25,742
20,502
19,136
15,561
14,619
14,210
13,985
12,107
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Insurance carriers and related activities ......................
Performing arts and spectator sports ..........................
Furniture and related product manufacturing ..............
Fabricated metal product manufacturing .....................
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ...............
Hospitals ......................................................................
Textile mills ..................................................................
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ...................
Primary metal manufacturing ......................................
Chemical manufacturing ..............................................
524
711
337
332
326
622
313
424
331
325
46
69
56
63
71
19
55
47
44
26
12,720
9,843
8,530
7,232
10,710
3,310
9,083
7,399
8,981
3,490
18
24
27
31
23
47
25
30
26
45
61
82
79
74
56
26
39
48
41
36
12,104
10,213
9,979
9,944
8,725
8,244
7,707
6,717
6,374
6,279
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Apparel manufacturing ................................................
Truck transportation ....................................................
Membership associations and organizations ..............
Printing and related support activities .........................
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods .........................
Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing .....
Motion picture and sound recording industries ............
Mining, except oil and gas ...........................................
Electronics and appliance stores .................................
Nursing and residential care facilities ..........................
315
484
813
323
423
335
512
212
443
623
53
39
51
36
24
45
34
36
13
17
7,575
5,890
6,357
4,904
4,251
11,103
6,511
6,306
2,539
2,401
28
36
34
40
43
20
33
35
53
54
49
44
51
37
43
33
27
38
30
17
6,244
6,011
5,932
5,790
5,596
5,375
5,359
5,301
4,735
4,249
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Personal and laundry services ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................
Clothing and clothing accessories stores ....................
Management of companies and enterprises ...............
Securities, commodity contracts, investments ............
Couriers and messengers ...........................................
Warehousing and storage ...........................................
Paper manufacturing ...................................................
Educational services ...................................................
Building material and garden supply stores ................
812
339
448
551
523
492
493
322
611
444
14
29
29
18
10
16
14
38
23
23
2,067
4,729
7,441
2,582
1,185
5,055
1,651
4,946
2,353
4,497
61
41
29
51
69
38
65
39
56
42
23
27
26
28
23
14
25
29
27
21
4,214
4,202
4,093
4,085
4,083
3,977
3,711
3,675
3,505
3,256
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
2
2
Industries
Industriesare
areranked
rankedby
bythe
thenumber
number of
of separations
separations in
in 2007.
2007.
See foonote 1, table 1.
See foonote 1, table 1.
10
1
Table 5. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS
industries, 2005–07
Industry
2
NAICS
2005
Separations
2006
Rank
1
Separations
2007
Rank
1
Separations
Rank
Total, private nonfarm ..........................................
…
884,661
…
935,969
…
966,526
…
Total, 50 highest industries ........................................
…
525,306
…
565,809
…
577,858
…
Supermarkets and other grocery stores .........................
Highway, street, and bridge construction ........................
School and employee bus transportation .......................
Food service contractors .................................................
Tax preparation services .................................................
Real estate credit ............................................................
Temporary help services .................................................
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels ........................
Child day care services ...................................................
Automobile manufacturing ..............................................
445110
237310
485410
722310
541213
522292
561320
721110
624410
336111
14,751
45,812
28,448
27,975
21,842
821
37,252
22,657
18,112
7,229
12
1
4
5
8
185
2
7
10
22
19,629
41,100
40,349
32,051
25,601
4,935
30,416
20,092
14,696
21,330
9
1
2
4
6
39
5
8
12
7
61,988
47,686
47,560
32,235
24,703
23,883
19,967
17,061
17,059
16,998
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Skiing facilities ................................................................
Amusement and theme parks .........................................
Mail-order houses ...........................................................
Discount department stores ............................................
Fruit and vegetable canning ...........................................
Commercial building construction ...................................
Nonresidential electrical contractors ...............................
General medical and surgical hospitals ..........................
Fresh and frozen seafood processing ............................
Commercial banking .......................................................
713920
713110
454113
452112
311421
236220
238212
622110
311712
522110
24,458
9,367
19,436
10,131
11,375
7,749
10,692
7,191
3,979
5,757
6
16
9
15
13
21
14
23
40
28
17,548
12,390
14,628
14,522
10,126
7,331
8,608
2,990
10,198
2,754
10
16
13
14
18
21
19
64
17
69
16,481
16,261
12,058
10,870
10,851
9,419
9,341
8,154
7,831
7,821
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Landscaping services .....................................................
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing ................................
Industrial building construction .......................................
Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors ............
New single-family general contractors ............................
Department stores, except discount ...............................
Professional employer organizations ..............................
Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing ...................
Engineering services .......................................................
Motor vehicle seating and interior trim mfg. ....................
561730
327320
236210
238222
236115
452111
561330
336112
541330
336360
6,731
6,067
8,325
5,335
1,618
5,988
28,550
1,890
5,109
3,405
24
25
19
29
115
26
3
101
31
49
7,247
6,148
6,628
5,528
4,454
16,713
36,803
13,812
2,332
8,531
22
26
23
29
44
11
3
15
83
20
7,804
7,699
7,451
6,981
6,889
6,751
6,552
5,852
5,819
5,802
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Heavy duty truck manufacturing .....................................
Convention and trade show organizers ..........................
Power and communication system construction .............
Mortgage and nonmortgage loan brokers .......................
Oil and gas pipeline construction ....................................
Other heavy construction ................................................
Full-service restaurants ...................................................
Nonresidential site preparation contractors ....................
Water and sewer system construction ............................
Savings institutions .........................................................
336120
561920
237130
522310
237120
237990
722110
238912
237110
522120
1,150
3,596
3,711
–
4,717
2,337
9,000
4,447
3,737
951
147
48
46
–
35
75
17
37
45
170
2,535
4,049
4,749
2,202
3,666
4,083
4,937
5,353
3,326
2,884
74
51
42
86
53
49
38
31
57
66
5,730
5,668
5,427
5,040
4,961
4,912
4,847
4,697
4,665
4,613
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Other individual and family services ...............................
Direct title insurance carriers ..........................................
Nonresidential drywall contractors ..................................
All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing ...................
Other social advocacy organizations ..............................
Payroll services ...............................................................
Couriers and express delivery services ..........................
All other plastics product manufacturing .........................
All other nonresidential trade contractors .......................
Semiconductors and related device mfg. ........................
624190
524127
238312
336399
813319
541214
492110
326199
238992
334413
3,797
273
2,081
4,909
5,070
3,097
7,805
4,019
2,675
2,257
44
379
89
34
32
53
20
39
67
80
4,970
901
4,062
5,107
4,350
4,220
5,055
5,961
3,360
2,692
37
189
50
33
45
46
35
27
56
71
4,503
4,487
4,373
4,253
4,197
3,999
3,977
3,917
3,885
3,880
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
11
2
2
Industries
Industriesare
areranked
rankedby
bythe
thenumber
numberof
ofseparations
separationsin
in2007.
2007.
See footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
11
1
Table 6. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2005–07
Layoff events
Reason for layoff1
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
2
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons ...............
4,881
4,885
5,364
884,661
935,969
966,526
834,533
951,102
977,880
Business demand ....................................................
1,385
1,788
1,888
212,844
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion ..............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown .........................................
71
692
71
1,056
11,402
115,992
257,878
248,055
260,049
351,092
358,966
10,813
146,069
10,017
134,105
10,357
183,699
( )
3
( )
10,458
11,165
107,461
1,769
7,424
11,589
( )
3
( )
10,086
( )
3
( )
11,847
10,832
144,742
1,512
8,521
15,381
( )
3
( )
11,112
( )
3
( )
56
3
( )
3
( )
64
3
73
897
15
38
73
566
597
792
74,338
90,538
108,647
105,841
145,189
177,978
Organizational changes ...........................................
550
597
397
103,266
149,893
124,175
99,587
148,251
73,798
Business-ownership change .................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .........
107
443
124
473
101
296
23,748
79,518
41,716
108,177
72,914
51,261
17,928
81,659
26,443
121,808
16,198
57,600
Financial issues .......................................................
223
221
456
46,243
50,380
102,362
37,687
37,213
92,910
Bankruptcy ............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
89
56
21,181
15,838
7,578
(3)
165
(3)
25,062
(3)
34,542
17,377
34,443
50,542
15,743
(3)
134
65
176
215
(3)
21,944
(3)
29,635
9,236
41,264
42,410
Production specific ..................................................
97
94
84
22,943
30,184
19,686
20,583
21,137
23,552
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued .....................................
3
4
(4)
8
( )
1,851
1,781
( )
27
6
7
10
40
(4)
14
18
13
(4)
2,637
4,927
1,163
(4)
3,141
1,237
( )
7,703
754
2,852
1,762
6,378
(4)
3
( )
7,363
2,146
2,649
1,757
6,030
(4)
1,670
7,041
1,520
(4)
17
7
( )
9,289
828
2,533
1,327
7,441
(4)
3
( )
11,313
1,486
4,278
2,201
9,688
655
479
( )
(4)
3
( )
18
10
9
12
36
542
983
(4)
2,482
1,419
Disaster/safety .........................................................
403
62
32
62,348
7,630
3,388
53,457
7,838
3,010
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Non-natural disaster .............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
( )
4
( )
4
( )
4
( )
( )
5
22
4
( )
4
( )
61,255
4
( )
476
2,068
4
( )
4
( )
52,366
479
655
1,449
5,255
( )
4
688
840
1,546
4,556
( )
( )
4
( )
398
4
5
5
48
(4)
440
2,046
Seasonal ..................................................................
1,905
1,725
1,880
370,986
355,091
364,225
299,789
304,644
318,758
Seasonal ...............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........
1,808
97
1,613
112
1,479
401
355,831
15,155
337,531
17,560
290,476
73,749
285,931
13,858
287,278
17,366
245,401
73,357
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
318
398
627
66,031
84,913
104,635
63,381
80,927
106,886
Other .....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
94
151
73
94
192
112
41
205
381
16,704
35,880
13,447
18,283
46,754
19,876
6,684
38,056
59,895
14,809
35,616
12,956
15,452
46,741
18,734
7,959
38,003
60,924
3
4
1
Beginningwith
with
publication
offor
data
for the
firstof quarter
2007, the
Beginning
thethe
publication
of data
the first
quarter
2007, theofpresentation
presentation
of data
by economic
reasons
for extended
mass
layoffs was
of data by economic
reasons
for extended
mass layoffs
was improved.
Clearer
improved. Clearer definitions and titles for many current reasons were introduced,
definitions and titles for many current reasons were introduced, and seven higher-level
and seven higher-level categories were identified, within which the detailed
categories reasons
were identified,
which In
theaddition,
detailed economic
were
classified.
economic
were within
classified.
four newreasons
reasons
were
added.
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
4
3
4
4
quarter
2007
data.new
Forreasons
additionalbegan
information
the changes2007
to MLS
reasons,
Use of
these
with on
first-quarter
data.
For please
additional
information
on the changes to MLS reasons, please see http://www.bls.gov/mls/.
see
http://www.bls.gov/mls/.
2
3
In addition, four new reasons were added. Use of these new reasons began with first-
12
4
See footnote 1, table 1.
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
4Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Table 7. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06 and 2006–07
2005–06
Reason for layoff
Level change
2006–07
Percent change
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons1 ....................................
51,308
5.8
30,557
3.3
Business demand .........................................................................
45,034
21.2
-9,823
-3.8
Contract cancellation .................................................................
Contract completion ...................................................................
Domestic competition ................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................
Import competition .....................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ..............................................................
-589
30,077
-5.2
25.9
352
-38,608
3.3
-26.4
2
2
2
2
( )
(2)
-654
( )
(2)
-5.9
( )
(2)
1,131
( )
(2)
10.8
16,200
21.8
18,109
20.0
Organizational changes ................................................................
46,627
45.2
-25,718
-17.2
Business-ownership change ......................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............................
17,968
28,659
75.7
36.0
31,198
-56,916
74.8
-52.6
103.2
Financial issues ............................................................................
4,137
8.9
51,982
Bankruptcy .................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................
Financial difficulty ......................................................................
-5,343
-25.2
1,539
9.7
(2)
9,480
(2)
37.8
(2)
16,000
(2)
46.3
Production specific ........................................................................
7,241
31.6
-10,498
-34.8
3
3
Automation/technological advances ..........................................
Energy related ...........................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................................
Material or supply shortage .......................................................
Model changeover .....................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................................
Product line discontinued ...........................................................
( )
( )
783
73.3
(3)
(2)
2,024
658
1,745
874
2,247
(3)
(2)
21.8
79.5
68.9
65.9
30.2
(3)
(2)
-6,386
-323
(3)
(2)
-56.4
-21.7
( )
940
-8,451
( )
42.7
-87.2
Disaster/safety ..............................................................................
-54,718
-87.8
-4,242
-55.6
Hazardous work environment ....................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................................
Non-natural disaster ..................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................................
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
3
( )
3
( )
-56,699
3
( )
3
( )
-92.6
3
Seasonal .......................................................................................
-15,895
-4.3
9,134
2.6
Seasonal ....................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .............................
-18,300
2,405
-5.1
15.9
-47,055
56,189
-13.9
320.0
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................................
18,882
28.6
19,722
23.2
Other ..........................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................................
1,579
10,874
6,429
9.5
30.3
47.8
-11,599
-8,698
40,019
-63.4
-18.6
201.3
1 See
footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
Use of this reason began with first quarter 2007 data.
3 Use of this reason began with first quarter 2007 data.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
1
2
2
13
3
( )
-1,070
-2,488
3
(3)
-69.2
-54.6
1
Table 8. Number of separations in extended mass layoff events by State and by selected higher level category for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2007
Separations
State
Total
Business
demand
Total, private nonfarm2 ...........
966,526
248,055
124,175
102,362
19,686
3,388
364,225
Alabama ............................................
Alaska ...............................................
Arizona ..............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ...........................................
Colorado ...........................................
Connecticut .......................................
Delaware ...........................................
District of Columbia ...........................
Florida ...............................................
Georgia .............................................
Hawaii ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
7,594
8,254
9,057
5,331
258,112
17,938
9,230
483
456
37,294
8,931
3,064
5,114
2,749
–
1,041
1,932
65,011
469
1,387
–
–
3
( )
–
(3)
–
448
–
1,549
–
–
–
972
8,254
4,753
818
50,784
16,487
5,011
367
–
10,338
–
399
2,277
Illinois ................................................
Indiana ..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Maine ................................................
Maryland ...........................................
Massachusetts ..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Minnesota .........................................
Mississippi ........................................
Missouri ............................................
81,719
17,443
6,760
4,262
8,788
6,261
6,704
8,717
17,980
53,870
19,928
5,019
23,326
26,461
7,256
1,496
659
2,767
1,924
1,292
1,019
5,098
20,418
2,966
1,477
4,727
Montana ............................................
Nebraska ..........................................
Nevada .............................................
New Hampshire ................................
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota .....................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma .........................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
2,119
1,555
5,990
1,564
43,841
2,514
59,817
7,222
1,614
43,872
3,803
17,181
38,163
1,324
3
( )
–
1,992
–
5,528
228
4,534
840
–
5,463
Rhode Island .....................................
South Carolina ..................................
South Dakota ....................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Vermont ............................................
Virginia ..............................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia .....................................
Wisconsin .........................................
Wyoming ...........................................
3,401
5,045
760
17,894
18,100
4,056
2,323
14,748
10,610
2,780
23,373
2,546
( )
3,267
1,412
1,716
1,053
–
Puerto Rico .......................................
4,630
3,215
(3)
(3)
(3)
18,060
2,918
361
1,234
(3)
1,908
370
3,271
701
7,006
3,109
491
11,124
427
2,487
22,889
755
1,124
269
6,793
3,608
670
Organizational
changes
Financial
issues
(3)
1,488
32,255
(3)
65,467
–
1,012
–
–
4,427
1,620
–
1,328
(3)
904
–
–
1,892
3,289
–
Production
specific
(3)
–
–
550
(3)
(3)
3
( )
–
9,545
1,467
4,581
1,854
1,047
733
(3)
(3)
797
430
–
(3)
728
392
(3)
–
1,415
(3)
(3)
587
1,687
8,200
(3)
–
–
(3)
2,424
4,592
–
351
352
(3)
2,182
1,562
–
(3)
399
–
7,254
–
4,107
3,183
–
6,032
1,625
2,075
674
(3)
410
3,077
343
–
617
3
( )
–
1,248
1,285
(3)
1,295
4,720
(3)
–
486
3
3
(3)
898
2,433
–
(3)
900
–
3
( )
3
( )
(3)
–
3
( )
–
–
(3)
–
477
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(3)
–
(3)
–
(3)
–
–
205
–
–
470
–
189
–
(3)
3
( )
377
–
–
–
–
–
3
39,864
6,073
3,652
1,572
3,015
2,776
5,163
2,778
8,271
14,229
16,127
820
11,996
583
1,284
1,213
1,194
25,466
(3)
34,092
(3)
1,061
18,252
(3)
10,645
9,314
2,303
828
(3)
2,673
3,194
2,115
1,661
6,745
2,466
( )
375
–
(3)
–
–
–
–
( )
18,379
2,475
–
421
–
388
3
606
–
–
–
–
(3)
(3)
580
300
–
–
–
Seasonal
( )
(3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
(3)
453
2,451
1,727
(3)
–
985
–
1 1
The
(3)
–
–
–
2,775
Disaster/safety
3
Data
domeet
not meet
or State
agency
disclosure
standards.
Data do
not
BLSBLS
or State
agency
disclosure
standards.
NOTE:
DashDash
represents
zero.
NOTE:
represents
zero.
level
category
"other/miscellaneous"
is notisdisplayed.
Thehigher
higher
level
category
“other/miscellaneous”
not displayed.
Seefootnote
footnote
table
See
1, 1,
table
1. 1.
3
2 2
14
Table 9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations,
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2007
Layoff events
Industry
Work moved
Total, private nonfarm1........................................................
267
2
Mining ..............................................................................
Utilities .............................................................................
Construction ....................................................................
Manufacturing ..................................................................
Food ............................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products ..................................
Textile mills ..................................................................
Textile product mills .....................................................
Apparel ........................................................................
Leather and allied products .........................................
Wood products ............................................................
Paper ...........................................................................
Printing and related support activities .........................
Petroleum and coal products .......................................
( )
–
–
191
16
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
3,217
46,459
2
( )
–
–
33,902
3,257
( 2)
( 2)
6
10
–
17
6
877
896
64
8
30
9
28
4
94
20
13
6
Chemicals ....................................................................
Plastics and rubber products .......................................
Nonmetallic mineral products ......................................
Primary metal ..............................................................
Fabricated metal products ...........................................
Machinery ....................................................................
Computer and electronic products ..............................
Electrical equipment and appliance .............................
Transportation equipment ...........................................
Furniture and related products ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................
6
15
4
8
14
8
13
12
28
8
10
Wholesale trade ..............................................................
Retail trade ......................................................................
Transportation and warehousing .....................................
Information ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ....................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................
Professional and technical services ................................
Management of companies and enterprises ...................
Administrative and waste services ..................................
Educational services .......................................................
Health care and social assistance ...................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .................................
Accommodation and food services .................................
Other services, except public administration ...................
11
7
8
6
22
–
6
Work not
moved or
unknown
555,842
Work moved
46,553
2
Work not
moved or
unknown
612,569
( )
–
–
35,741
3,653
( 2)
( 2)
760
1,600
–
2,431
529
90,499
161,254
13,366
930
5,957
1,556
3,526
417
13,216
2,697
1,960
795
( 2)
( 2)
574
992
–
1,973
757
124,930
225,191
15,301
1,438
9,925
2,375
3,869
425
15,531
2,869
1,669
858
27
36
52
33
56
52
69
20
191
70
14
1,402
1,890
485
1,118
2,700
1,463
3,917
2,097
5,108
1,390
1,288
4,677
6,246
5,611
5,256
6,720
10,220
10,473
3,211
53,762
8,509
2,149
612
1,590
661
862
1,935
1,741
3,013
4,963
5,198
1,189
949
4,193
4,974
6,984
7,802
9,194
12,874
9,750
6,144
98,111
8,861
2,044
1,698
1,379
1,539
522
4,293
–
891
( 2)
–
500
7,464
86,829
18,483
11,293
62,538
3,721
20,542
2,223
41,481
1,624
16,661
5,270
17,415
4,889
1,262
1,676
1,382
517
3,509
–
762
( 2)
–
3
63
175
91
74
351
27
107
17
255
15
71
28
110
34
( 2)
–
342
7,803
40,731
18,180
14,249
63,929
3,714
21,611
2,049
47,976
1,675
9,048
4,622
19,520
4,097
–
3
–
696
–
514
( 2)
8
4
16
( 2)
6
–
3
Unclassified .....................................................................
11
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.
1.
See
Data
Datado
donot
notmeet
meetBLS
BLSororState
Stateagency
agencydisclosure
disclosurestandards.
standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero. NOTE: Dash represents zero.
22
15
( 2)
1,690
1,053
2,123
( 2)
934
–
258
( 2)
3,687
1,463
2,048
( 2)
846
–
222
Table 10. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations,
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007
Layoff events
Reason for layoff 1
Work moved
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Total, private nonfarm2 .......................................
267
3,217
46,459
555,842
46,553
612,569
Business demand .........................................................
61
1,827
10,192
237,863
10,521
348,445
Contract cancellation .................................................
Contract completion ...................................................
Domestic competition ................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ...........................
Import competition .....................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ..............................................
4
585
( )
3
( )
473
5,792
10,580
107,028
1,272
6,951
5,797
483
( )
3
( )
3
33
69
894
13
35
40
( )
3
( )
289
6,010
10,349
144,368
1,197
8,232
9,371
16
776
2,412
106,235
3,050
174,928
Organizational changes ................................................
121
276
20,863
103,312
18,928
54,870
Business-ownership change ......................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............
18
103
83
193
4,884
15,979
68,030
35,282
3,615
15,313
12,583
42,287
Financial issues ............................................................
73
383
13,929
88,433
15,707
77,203
Bankruptcy .................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...........
Financial difficulty ......................................................
3
63
7
62
113
208
439
11,609
1,881
16,938
22,834
48,661
358
14,058
1,291
8,878
27,206
41,119
Production specific .......................................................
( 3)
82
( 3)
19,306
( 3)
23,205
1,701
1,599
( 3)
1,670
7,041
1,520
7,387
2,482
3
3
( 3)
14
18
13
6
17
( 3)
2,637
4,927
1,163
4,338
3,141
( 3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
31
( 3)
3,248
( 3)
2,904
–
–
( 3)
Automation/technological advances ..........................
Energy related ...........................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................
Material or supply shortage .......................................
Model changeover .....................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................
Product line discontinued ..........................................
Disaster/safety ..............................................................
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................
Other ..........................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................
Data not provided: Does not know ............................
11
22
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table6.
6.
See
See
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.1.
7
3
3
( )
–
–
–
–
–
–
( )
–
–
–
–
–
–
Hazardous work environment ....................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................
Non-natural disaster ..................................................
Extreme weather-related event .................................
3
3
( )
–
–
–
–
3
( )
4
22
( 3)
–
618
9
3
34
( )
–
205
379
3
( )
3
3
( )
( 3)
–
( )
336
2,068
( 3)
–
( 3)
334
2,046
955
103,680
944
105,942
5,978
38,056
59,646
( )
–
3
( )
–
3
( )
3
3
3
( )
7,235
38,003
60,704
Data do3 Data
not meet
BLS
or State
standards.
do not
meet
BLS agency
or Statedisclosure
agency disclosure
standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
16
Table 11. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial
claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2007
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
United States1 ......................................................
267
3,217
46,459
555,842
46,553
612,569
Northeast ........................................................................
50
554
7,768
82,780
7,964
109,910
New England ..............................................................
Middle Atlantic ............................................................
9
41
90
464
2,073
5,695
15,526
67,254
1,074
6,890
12,326
97,584
South ..............................................................................
96
633
15,351
107,073
17,689
109,825
South Atlantic .............................................................
East South Central .....................................................
West South Central ....................................................
47
35
14
377
122
134
6,960
5,458
2,933
57,036
26,357
23,680
9,768
4,087
3,834
60,048
25,867
23,910
Midwest ..........................................................................
78
662
14,050
131,668
13,265
170,681
East North Central ......................................................
West North Central .....................................................
56
22
556
106
9,771
4,279
113,709
17,959
8,238
5,027
150,861
19,820
West ...............................................................................
43
1,368
9,290
234,321
7,635
222,153
Mountain ....................................................................
Pacific .........................................................................
10
33
103
1,265
2,887
6,403
16,051
218,270
1,965
5,670
14,747
207,406
1 1
See
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.1.
Tennessee;
West
South
Central—Arkansas,
Louisiana,
Oklahoma,
and Texas;
Virginia; East
South
Central—Alabama,
Kentucky,
Mississippi,
and Tennessee;
East
Indiana,
Michigan,
Ohio, and
and Texas;
Wisconsin;
West
WestNorth
SouthCentral—Illinois,
Central—Arkansas,
Louisiana,
Oklahoma,
East North
North
Central—Iowa,
Kansas,
Minnesota,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
NorthCentral—
Dakota,
Central—Illinois,
Indiana,
Michigan,
Ohio, and
Wisconsin;
West North
and
South
Dakota;
Mountain—Arizona,
Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota,
and SouthNevada,
Dakota;
Mountain—Arizona,
Colorado,
Idaho,and
Montana,
Nevada, NewCalifornia,
Mexico, Utah,
and
New
Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming;
Pacific—Alaska,
Hawaii,
Wyoming;
Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
Oregon,
andand
Washington.
NOTE:
NOTE: The
The States
States (and
(and the
the District
District of
of Columbia)
Columbia) that
that make
make up
up the
the census
census
divisions are:
are: New
New England—Connecticut,
England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
divisions
New
Hampshire, Rhode
Rhode Island,
Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New
Hampshire,
New
York, and
and Pennsylvania;
Pennsylvania; South
South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia,
York,
Columbia,
Florida,
Carolina,
South
Carolina,
Virginia,
and West
Florida, Georgia,
Georgia,Maryland,
Maryland,North
North
Carolina,
South
Carolina,
Virginia,
and
West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and
17
Table 12. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit
exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2007
Initial claims for unemployment
insurance
Characteristic
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………
Final payments for
unemployment insurance
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
46,553
612,569
11,270
82,262
24.2
13.4
5,885
15,509
14,548
10,057
554
120,468
225,053
164,894
99,386
2,768
1,250
3,703
3,362
2,823
132
15,302
28,729
21,788
16,168
275
21.2
23.9
23.1
28.1
23.8
12.7
12.8
13.2
16.3
9.9
24,350
21,573
630
396,353
212,842
3,374
5,178
5,915
177
44,562
37,343
357
21.3
27.4
28.1
11.2
17.5
10.6
26,388
9,153
4,636
322
1,705
4,349
352,556
96,261
99,050
4,149
16,819
43,734
5,598
2,599
1,553
101
419
1,000
41,679
17,125
13,275
603
2,755
6,825
21.2
28.4
33.5
31.4
24.6
23.0
11.8
17.8
13.4
14.5
16.4
15.6
Age
Under 30 years of age ……………………
30–44 ………………………………………
45–54 ………………………………………
55 years of age or over …………………
Not available ………………………………
Gender
Male ………………………………………
Female ……………………………………
Not available ………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White ………………………………………
Black ………………………………………
Hispanic origin ……………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………
Not available ………………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
Table 13. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2006–07
Layoff events
Action
Separations
2006
2007
2006
2007
Total private nonfarm …………………………………………
4,885
Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2…………
3,160
5,364
935,969
966,526
3,484
580,878
602,301
Total, movement of work3 ………………………………
252
267
55,751
46,459
Movement of work actions …………………………
349
352
( 4)
( 4)
With separations reported ………………………
232
253
34,036
30,179
With separations unknown ……………………
117
99
( 4)
( 4)
1
11
See
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.1.
Thequestions
questions
movement
of were
work not
were not
The
on on
movement
of work
asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either
asked of employers when the reason for layoff was
22
either “seasonal
"seasonal work”
work" or
or “vacation
"vacation period.”
period."
3
3
Movement
work
can involve
moreone
than
one action.
Movement
of workofcan
involve
more than
action.
4
Data are not available.
4
Data are not available.
18
Table 14. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations
is known by employers, 2006–07
1
Separations
Actions
Activities
2006
2007
2006
2007
232
253
34,036
30,179
Out-of-country relocations …………………………….......
Within company …………………………………..………
Different company …………..................………………
84
71
13
85
72
13
13,367
11,776
1,591
11,856
9,887
1,969
Domestic relocations ………......................………………
Within company …………………………………….……
Different company ……………………………….………
148
125
23
166
147
19
20,669
18,210
2,459
18,073
15,846
2,227
–
2
–
250
Within company ………………............................…………
Domestic ……………………..............................………
Out of country ……………….........................…………
Unable to assign …………………………………………
196
125
71
–
221
147
72
2
29,986
18,210
11,776
–
25,983
15,846
9,887
250
Different company ………………………………………....
Domestic …………………………………………………
Out of country ……………………………………………
Unable to assign …………………………………………
36
23
13
–
32
19
13
–
4,050
2,459
1,591
–
4,196
2,227
1,969
–
With separations reported2………………………………….
By location
Unable to assign place of relocation ………………………
By company
1
2
1Only actions for which separations associated with the movement
of work
were
See
footnote
1, reported
table 1. are shown.
Only actions for which separations associated with
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
the2 movement
of
work
were
reported
are
shown.
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 15. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector,
2006–07
Layoff events
Number of workers
2
Total, private nonfarm ……
50–99 ……………………………
100–149 ………………………
150–199 ………………………
200–299 ………………………
300–499 ………………………
500–999 ………………………
1,000 or more …………………
Separations
1
Number
2006
2007
2006
2007
4,885
5,364
100.0
100.0
935,969
2,008
1,171
528
556
356
170
96
2,401
1,275
530
556
351
168
83
41.1
24.0
10.8
11.4
7.3
3.5
2.0
44.8
23.8
9.9
10.4
6.5
3.1
1.5
143,737
137,053
88,367
129,103
131,279
114,932
191,498
1
1
Duetotorounding,
rounding,sums
sumsofofindividual
individualpercentages
percentagesmay
maynot
notequal
equal 100.0 percent.
Due
2
100.0
percent.
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
19
Percent1
Number
Percent
2006
2007
2006
2007
966,526
100.0
100.0
168,320
149,772
88,749
129,003
125,807
110,914
193,961
15.4
14.6
9.4
13.8
14.0
12.3
20.5
17.4
15.5
9.2
13.3
13.0
11.5
20.1
Table 16. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector,
2000–07
Average number of separations
Measure
Total, private nonfarm1 .....................................
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
200
207
201
197
198
181
192
180
Industry
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
126
140
147
200
165
320
183
194
215
202
144
192
161
289
297
186
149
178
140
191
161
329
243
196
158
135
140
183
181
308
250
259
153
228
137
173
169
418
213
215
134
140
127
173
131
237
225
202
173
154
119
200
166
320
223
168
138
131
114
177
132
415
212
144
Finance and insurance …………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services ……………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
276
128
188
247
213
99
189
315
247
141
167
190
230
199
209
283
110
137
316
217
138
206
193
173
224
248
221
114
136
372
206
159
163
193
166
194
195
222
182
137
275
215
132
161
216
299
220
176
208
89
156
273
219
169
125
172
140
268
156
185
238
140
386
210
145
200
193
102
286
143
192
102
130
331
235
132
–
179
137
288
146
161
130
155
325
211
141
212
Business demand ......................................................
Contract cancellation ..............................................
Contract completion ................................................
Domestic competition .............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .........................
Import competition ..................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ...........................................
173
159
189
174
177
186
172
190
180
168
297
170
181
166
220
154
161
168
144
152
138
( )
3
( )
213
3
( )
3
( )
213
3
( )
3
( )
207
3
( )
3
( )
214
3
( )
3
( )
158
3
( )
3
( )
198
3
( )
3
( )
163
131
153
120
118
195
159
157
167
163
143
132
131
152
137
Organizational changes .............................................
Business-ownership change ...................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ...........
252
270
247
220
267
207
204
230
198
209
271
198
200
238
191
188
222
179
251
336
229
313
722
173
Financial issues .........................................................
Bankruptcy ..............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .........
Financial difficulty ...................................................
257
355
303
470
270
359
261
341
205
224
207
238
228
283
3
( )
205
3
( )
231
3
( )
226
3
( )
217
3
( )
197
3
( )
187
3
( )
209
224
267
196
235
Production specific .....................................................
Automation/technological advances .......................
Energy related ........................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..............
Material or supply shortage ....................................
Model changeover ..................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .....................
Product line discontinued ........................................
309
374
249
229
127
274
163
171
353
308
425
220
–
237
181
246
321
( 3)
631
155
266
163
157
( 3)
304
99
372
143
248
( 3)
192
159
283
157
123
( 3)
966
77
269
148
204
( 3)
344
138
362
133
186
Disaster/safety ...........................................................
Hazardous work environment .................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ....................
Non-natural disaster ...............................................
Extreme weather-related event ...............................
102
163
–
142
131
175
134
155
( 4)
252
( 4)
138
( 5)
95
( 4)
( 4)
139
120
( 4)
162
( 4)
123
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
154
123
172
168
309
95
106
( 4)
( 4)
5
235
107
Seasonal ....................................................................
Seasonal .................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ..........
191
192
159
206
207
194
211
212
178
201
202
193
197
199
160
195
197
156
206
209
157
194
196
184
Other/miscellaneous ..................................................
Other .......................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .....................................
Data not provided: Does not know ..........................
183
167
212
141
199
212
197
159
214
187
276
190
201
175
218
174
213
218
227
178
208
178
238
184
213
195
244
177
167
163
186
157
Domestic relocation ...................................................
Overseas relocation ...................................................
164
211
185
199
195
251
161
213
( 6)
( )
6
( )
6
( )
( 6)
( 6)
( 6)
( 6)
243
186
216
304
185
230
259
189
213
229
183
201
214
181
222
192
178
187
248
185
200
213
180
167
Reason for layoff2
( 4)
4
( )
( 3)
861
121
368
138
177
3
( 4)
4
( )
( 3)
629
149
475
183
269
234
231
4
( )
188
274
89
4
( )
185
177
( 4)
( 4)
95
94
6
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ………………………………………
Recall expected …………………………………………
No recall expected ………………………………………
1
See
1, table
1.
Seefootnote
footnote
1, table
1.
6.
3
3 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data.
4
4 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
5
Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the
5
Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the third
third quarter of 2001, in order to be able to identify layoffs directly
1
22
See
1, table
6.
Seefootnote
footnote
1, table
quarter of 2001, in order to be able to identify layoffs directly or indirectly
related
to the September
Thus, data 11
for 2001
pertain
to thedata
or indirectly
related11toattacks.
the September
attacks.
Thus,
for
and fourth quarters only.
6
6
Beginning
with
data
2004,
these
for
Beginning
with data for
2004,
these for
reasons
for layoff
are noreasons
longer
layoff are no longer used. For additional information,
used. For additional information, see the Technical Note.
see the Technical Note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
2001
pertain
to theonly.
third
third
and fourth
quarters
20
Table 17. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2006–07
State
Layoff events
Percent of total
Total initial claimants for
unemployment
insurance
Hispanic
origin
Black
Women
People aged 55
and older
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
Total, private nonfarm1 ........
4,885
5,364
951,102
977,880
15.9
15.4
14.5
16.3
40.4
39.7
18.7
18.6
Alabama .....................................
Alaska .........................................
Arizona .......................................
Arkansas .....................................
California ....................................
Colorado .....................................
Connecticut .................................
Delaware ....................................
District of Columbia ....................
Florida .........................................
Georgia .......................................
Hawaii .........................................
Idaho ...........................................
52
27
20
13
941
37
52
3
3
347
86
22
29
39
17
38
32
1,413
40
33
6
4
219
63
18
31
8,368
4,450
2,661
3,055
165,860
4,911
11,491
3,211
306
60,914
17,218
2,644
3,741
7,532
3,514
5,714
6,775
237,142
4,505
6,310
479
456
30,054
15,682
2,440
4,502
48.1
3.4
4.0
28.2
8.7
4.6
14.2
14.3
49.7
16.9
56.2
3.9
.4
57.6
3.9
6.4
28.3
8.7
2.7
12.3
43.8
79.6
17.6
38.3
8.8
.8
2.7
17.9
44.3
2.7
35.8
32.1
11.1
1.2
13.7
31.5
1.2
23.1
20.1
3.4
18.0
40.2
2.7
37.6
35.3
10.1
10.4
8.6
29.3
7.1
14.4
14.6
52.5
32.4
58.7
43.3
40.2
39.2
47.7
17.9
64.4
44.2
46.7
27.8
39.5
53.6
33.6
56.3
41.0
38.7
29.3
58.1
59.5
65.4
45.4
50.0
40.3
35.1
18.5
21.4
18.2
18.7
15.5
19.8
20.8
15.7
20.9
19.0
16.0
13.9
23.0
21.1
22.0
14.4
18.5
14.2
19.6
22.5
27.8
15.4
22.9
16.9
18.6
19.3
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana ........................................
Iowa ............................................
Kansas ........................................
Kentucky .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Maine ..........................................
Maryland .....................................
Massachusetts ............................
Michigan .....................................
Minnesota ...................................
Mississippi ..................................
Missouri ......................................
408
98
27
29
74
48
20
73
82
292
143
21
94
431
119
44
27
60
41
30
78
80
233
133
30
122
77,602
18,822
7,359
3,925
8,580
6,816
3,320
9,288
12,327
111,562
20,750
2,461
16,469
76,256
29,305
8,736
4,215
7,919
4,815
3,431
9,620
11,941
78,043
19,328
4,025
21,713
20.9
8.8
1.9
11.8
7.4
56.1
1.1
50.2
10.8
22.7
4.2
62.2
18.9
21.6
11.7
2.6
16.0
7.0
63.1
1.9
41.7
12.0
24.8
3.7
72.6
19.2
14.9
4.4
2.6
4.2
.3
2.3
.3
.6
3.7
3.5
7.4
2.0
.5
14.8
4.1
4.5
3.3
.2
1.1
.3
.4
1.7
4.1
7.4
1.0
.3
39.8
28.8
36.0
43.0
42.5
50.4
38.8
52.9
47.5
32.6
22.0
57.9
50.1
39.6
32.3
29.4
44.0
23.9
54.3
36.8
45.9
42.0
33.2
20.8
48.3
47.8
16.2
13.7
16.7
20.5
16.3
16.2
20.1
20.7
22.2
17.8
17.4
15.0
21.3
16.0
17.3
17.5
20.3
18.2
21.1
19.5
19.9
22.3
16.9
16.7
16.1
22.2
Montana ......................................
Nebraska ....................................
Nevada .......................................
New Hampshire ..........................
New Jersey .................................
New Mexico ................................
New York ....................................
North Carolina ............................
North Dakota ..............................
Ohio ............................................
Oklahoma ...................................
Oregon ........................................
Pennsylvania ..............................
22
13
11
17
163
18
404
58
6
234
13
61
301
20
11
30
12
190
18
371
47
12
277
13
74
303
2,777
1,491
2,876
1,928
30,575
2,327
79,472
9,120
1,144
45,989
2,585
13,485
68,968
2,151
1,142
5,829
1,462
33,736
2,513
67,834
9,742
1,614
50,299
2,384
17,247
72,998
.1
11.9
16.2
3.9
19.3
3.1
11.9
37.9
–
13.5
17.0
1.3
8.4
.3
8.1
12.7
1.0
19.9
3.2
14.1
40.8
.4
14.4
17.5
1.8
7.5
2.0
14.2
20.1
2.9
10.7
51.4
8.8
5.3
2.3
2.9
6.3
21.0
3.0
3.5
6.1
20.8
1.6
8.9
48.2
12.3
3.8
3.0
2.7
7.0
21.8
3.4
17.0
45.1
54.9
47.3
62.2
42.9
42.3
47.5
7.4
30.7
33.6
49.2
42.2
27.2
28.3
40.1
50.2
59.9
34.0
41.7
48.2
15.9
32.5
44.6
46.7
39.7
21.7
19.5
29.3
27.0
29.8
14.4
21.5
23.0
18.5
17.0
14.0
21.7
23.7
22.2
32.9
22.0
28.1
29.3
20.7
25.7
22.2
19.5
15.9
15.2
19.7
24.0
Rhode Island ..............................
South Carolina ............................
South Dakota ..............................
Tennessee ..................................
Texas ..........................................
Utah ............................................
Vermont ......................................
Virginia ........................................
Washington .................................
West Virginia ..............................
Wisconsin ...................................
Wyoming .....................................
15
41
4
45
95
20
14
52
76
19
138
4
21
33
6
80
109
27
15
72
83
18
137
4
1,892
7,674
320
5,968
19,519
2,617
1,845
16,185
11,446
3,046
29,331
411
3,127
4,706
448
17,214
20,636
3,835
2,224
12,442
11,865
1,925
25,795
260
4.0
58.9
.9
18.4
19.5
1.3
.5
36.8
5.7
.8
4.4
.5
3.6
68.2
2.9
28.6
20.0
1.4
.5
34.3
5.3
.3
6.0
1.2
11.1
.3
6.9
.1
41.1
12.1
.2
2.4
18.2
–
9.8
1.5
17.9
.3
6.9
.1
38.6
13.4
.4
2.9
18.3
–
8.9
.8
66.5
55.9
37.8
48.5
42.4
41.8
33.7
41.6
37.5
29.0
35.3
40.1
69.5
61.0
53.1
40.9
46.5
21.9
41.0
46.4
35.9
17.9
28.4
25.4
29.3
3.2
25.0
30.4
14.0
12.7
19.0
19.8
17.3
21.2
20.6
36.5
26.5
6.9
31.3
24.3
13.7
10.7
23.2
20.6
16.2
13.7
21.4
25.0
Puerto Rico .................................
51
48
15,259
12,073
.1
.1
73.9
97.9
58.8
57.9
9.8
8.7
1
1
See footnote
1. 1.
See
footnote1,1,table
table
NOTE:
represents
zero.zero.
NOTE:Dash
Dash
represents
21
Table 18. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason
for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006–07
Percent of total race/ethnicity1
Measure
White
Hispanic
origin
Black
American Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian or Pacific
Islander
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
58.5
58.4
15.9
15.4
14.5
16.3
.6
0.6
.7
0.7
2.2
2.6
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
75.6
85.2
70.0
61.1
47.2
51.4
59.3
60.5
83.7
89.7
67.6
61.7
49.9
48.6
54.3
68.0
4.0
5.6
5.0
17.4
13.4
19.1
20.3
14.1
2.4
2.9
5.4
17.0
11.1
19.5
23.2
10.6
8.7
5.1
17.6
11.3
27.1
17.9
9.2
9.9
5.5
5.2
21.0
12.6
26.6
20.3
14.3
8.7
3.0
.2
.9
.6
.6
.6
.4
.5
.8
.6
1.0
.5
.9
.9
.5
.6
.3
.4
.8
2.6
3.0
2.2
1.3
2.4
.1
.4
.8
2.8
2.3
2.4
1.4
3.0
Finance and insurance …………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services ……………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
45.8
59.5
63.2
53.6
45.9
48.0
42.1
63.5
53.1
47.0
–
50.4
53.2
60.3
57.0
49.9
37.0
40.3
66.3
53.3
43.8
55.0
16.1
10.3
12.1
18.5
19.7
27.8
23.3
12.5
22.0
31.0
–
12.2
15.1
12.9
21.3
23.0
31.3
21.8
11.5
20.3
30.8
5.6
17.1
17.2
9.8
16.5
22.9
8.1
23.9
10.0
10.7
12.1
–
18.5
15.3
14.6
11.1
18.2
18.1
23.3
12.7
14.1
14.7
21.5
.5
.5
.4
1.2
.4
1.1
.6
.6
.4
1.6
–
.4
.5
.7
.9
.8
.6
.7
.5
.6
1.5
1.4
6.6
3.1
3.1
6.3
1.9
2.3
1.6
1.4
2.8
1.5
–
7.1
4.3
4.0
5.5
2.0
2.9
1.8
1.7
3.7
2.2
9.2
Business demand ......................................................
Contract cancellation ..............................................
Contract completion ................................................
Domestic competition ..............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .........................
Import competition ..................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ...........................................
59.6
42.3
55.3
61.3
51.5
55.9
59.3
70.1
62.0
14.6
24.3
11.4
14.8
24.2
11.2
13.8
17.5
27.9
15.2
21.4
22.2
16.1
11.3
25.0
18.8
5.7
4.9
.6
1.5
.7
.7
.9
.9
.4
.4
1.0
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.7
2.4
1.5
2.0
2.5
.9
66.2
65.8
16.8
16.0
6.9
10.6
.4
.4
1.4
1.9
Organizational changes .............................................
Business-ownership change ...................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ...........
54.9
46.2
56.8
53.8
54.6
53.6
20.3
19.8
20.4
18.7
14.7
19.8
11.2
17.1
9.9
14.8
17.5
14.1
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.6
3.5
5.0
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.0
Financial issues .........................................................
Bankruptcy ..............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .........
Financial difficulty ....................................................
56.3
53.0
53.1
63.7
52.1
51.8
20.8
19.5
16.9
12.5
18.4
16.5
12.5
14.9
14.4
13.6
14.2
14.9
.5
.1
.6
.4
.6
.7
2.6
1.8
4.6
2.8
4.5
5.0
Total, private nonfarm2 ....................................
Industry
Reason for layoff3
(4)
(4)
60.9
(4)
57.2
Production specific .....................................................
Automation/technological advances .......................
Energy related .........................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..............
Material or supply shortage .....................................
Model changeover ..................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .....................
Product line discontinued ........................................
61.0
38.6
46.2
(4)
(4)
29.3
(4)
21.1
18.4
31.4
14.5
(4)
79.1
39.9
51.9
69.0
52.4
61.2
33.9
5.6
42.0
62.1
71.3
67.6
66.5
69.8
(4)
7.8
42.3
30.0
17.2
15.7
14.7
22.0
.4
29.5
6.1
17.7
19.5
9.2
14.7
Disaster/safety ...........................................................
Hazardous work environment .................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .....................
Non-natural disaster ................................................
Extreme weather-related event ...............................
60.5
33.0
80.3
49.7
63.5
66.1
73.3
49.7
52.5
71.5
15.1
37.2
4.7
40.5
7.4
Seasonal ....................................................................
Seasonal .................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ..........
60.3
60.7
53.7
60.4
63.4
50.5
Other/miscellaneous ..................................................
Other .......................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .....................................
Data not provided: Does not know ..........................
54.1
42.9
55.0
61.0
50.0
56.3
54.3
46.6
(4)
(4)
4.5
(4)
12.0
(4)
4.6
4.9
10.2
7.5
10.7
8.1
34.1
90.9
11.9
3.4
7.5
.4
16.7
5.3
6.6
3.4
10.1
17.7
3.9
15.9
25.5
4.1
.8
20.7
13.6
13.4
16.0
14.3
11.5
23.6
19.9
18.0
20.2
20.6
17.7
10.7
16.7
19.3
1
33
1 Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within
Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within race/ethnicity
may
not equalmay
100.0
race/ethnicity
notpercent.
equal 100.0 percent.
2 2 See footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
7.7
10.0
25.6
(4)
(4)
.5
(4)
.5
.9
.5
.9
(4)
(4)
1.0
(4)
2.8
(4)
.4
.9
1.4
1.5
1.3
.4
1.3
.4
.7
.2
.6
.2
.6
.4
3.2
1.9
1.7
(4)
2.3
3.5
3.2
.9
5.2
1.9
3.4
1.2
2.9
2.1
1.7
.6
1.8
4.5
17.2
10.3
23.0
20.0
16.0
1.6
–
–
4.0
1.3
3.3
1.4
.5
.7
4.5
1.1
.6
.5
.6
1.4
1.7
–
11.9
.5
.1
16.3
16.1
20.1
17.6
17.5
17.9
.7
.7
.7
.7
.8
.6
2.0
2.1
1.3
2.1
2.2
1.5
12.8
19.0
11.7
10.4
17.9
14.5
14.3
20.6
.7
1.0
.7
.5
.8
.6
1.0
.8
3.1
5.0
2.7
2.6
4.3
7.5
4.3
3.8
See
footnote1,1,table
table6.
6.
See
footnote
Use
ofofthis
2007data.
data.
Use
thisreason
reasonbegan
beganwith
with first-quarter
first-quarter 2007
NOTE:
zero.
NOTE: Dash
Dash represents
represents zero.
44
22
Table 19. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for
layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006–07
Percent of total by age1
Measure
Less than 30 years
30–44
Percent of total by gender1
45–54
55 or older
Men
Women
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
17.4
18.8
34.8
35.2
27.5
26.9
18.7
18.6
59.1
59.8
40.4
39.7
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
16.1
14.6
18.3
11.0
15.5
35.4
12.4
17.5
28.0
14.8
15.1
19.4
12.5
14.0
39.8
12.9
17.3
28.1
34.6
33.4
39.9
34.9
34.6
29.2
32.6
39.9
36.2
33.2
31.8
39.4
35.7
32.3
28.0
31.0
39.7
42.2
31.7
32.7
27.9
32.8
29.2
19.0
25.0
25.2
19.6
31.7
32.9
28.0
31.6
31.2
18.2
25.3
25.2
18.1
17.1
19.1
13.1
19.6
19.9
15.2
28.6
16.3
15.1
20.2
20.0
13.1
19.5
22.4
13.6
30.6
17.7
11.4
93.8
84.6
93.2
64.9
53.8
39.1
44.9
55.1
35.9
93.7
90.4
92.8
65.5
58.3
41.6
46.1
58.2
37.6
6.0
15.2
6.4
34.6
46.1
60.8
54.8
44.7
63.4
4.7
9.3
6.8
34.1
39.6
58.1
53.8
41.7
62.2
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
22.0
14.7
15.9
24.4
23.0
15.2
22.7
15.4
14.9
–
24.3
16.5
18.3
26.8
15.7
16.6
24.3
16.3
16.2
11.4
43.0
30.5
36.2
35.2
35.4
39.4
27.5
29.8
37.3
–
36.7
30.3
35.4
33.9
35.3
38.7
25.5
29.7
36.1
38.0
22.6
23.2
27.8
23.6
20.0
26.4
20.8
27.7
26.7
–
23.4
23.6
27.3
23.7
25.9
25.7
19.9
28.8
26.0
26.7
12.2
29.5
19.9
15.0
15.4
17.4
25.9
24.0
19.2
–
15.3
29.4
18.8
15.3
23.0
18.3
30.1
24.7
19.8
23.9
45.5
40.4
51.8
58.1
37.8
11.1
54.6
31.7
30.8
–
51.9
42.6
43.7
59.3
26.7
9.9
53.8
31.5
31.6
77.2
54.3
59.3
48.2
40.9
62.1
88.7
45.0
68.1
69.1
–
47.9
57.2
56.2
40.4
73.3
84.3
45.7
68.2
68.2
22.7
Business demand ....................................................
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion .............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasona
business slowdown ........................................
17.2
19.1
20.3
17.7
23.3
20.1
16.7
15.6
8.2
36.7
34.4
37.9
36.7
31.5
37.4
35.3
37.4
29.2
28.6
25.3
26.2
28.6
26.3
27.8
29.4
29.6
34.7
16.1
15.6
14.2
16.5
18.9
14.6
18.5
16.6
24.2
69.0
55.5
74.2
72.2
52.3
81.9
80.0
71.9
59.7
30.1
44.3
25.1
27.4
47.1
17.6
20.0
28.1
39.3
13.7
16.4
35.6
37.1
31.9
28.9
17.9
17.3
64.8
66.5
34.2
33.2
Organizational changes ...........................................
Business-ownership change ................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ........
16.5
21.8
15.4
19.4
17.9
19.8
33.9
32.2
34.3
34.8
33.8
35.1
29.6
25.0
30.5
26.9
27.7
26.6
19.3
20.2
19.2
18.8
20.1
18.4
53.7
42.6
56.1
49.6
46.2
50.6
46.1
57.2
43.7
49.9
53.7
48.8
Financial issues .......................................................
Bankruptcy ...........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
17.7
15.6
22.4
19.4
21.3
24.1
36.5
33.5
37.8
39.8
36.5
38.6
27.0
31.4
23.8
23.0
25.6
22.1
16.8
19.2
15.7
16.9
16.4
14.8
57.9
54.3
50.0
44.0
53.9
47.5
41.9
45.4
49.5
55.9
45.5
52.1
Production specific ..................................................
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued .....................................
12.0
17.8
7.7
32.6
33.7
19.7
(4)
78.9
53.1
71.5
72.1
57.7
66.2
66.2
57.5
42.6
59.5
83.0
74.4
68.7
62.9
32.6
52.6
24.8
(4)
19.7
12.4
22.7
19.5
19.5
16.3
18.4
14.7
14.7
17.7
10.5
16.2
15.0
18.4
67.1
47.4
75.2
(4)
38.3
23.3
36.6
31.6
29.6
36.4
32.0
29.0
22.0
34.2
26.8
47.5
28.7
36.6
19.5
21.8
43.6
(4)
33.4
36.2
24.1
29.0
35.2
35.5
37.1
42.1
33.4
39.0
34.9
32.0
37.8
32.9
32.9
26.7
28.2
(4)
8.6
27.8
5.5
13.3
12.3
10.5
12.4
14.3
29.8
9.1
12.7
3.7
18.4
12.1
(4)
20.8
46.9
28.5
27.0
42.1
27.7
32.0
42.5
57.4
20.4
17.0
25.6
31.3
36.9
Disaster/safety .........................................................
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Non-natural disaster .............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
16.2
24.4
15.7
8.3
17.8
17.6
27.4
17.2
14.3
17.7
33.6
47.0
30.8
12.3
38.6
36.3
26.0
31.7
37.0
37.7
25.6
18.2
26.9
13.6
29.4
30.2
29.5
30.7
27.0
30.8
13.0
10.2
23.2
8.8
13.1
15.8
17.1
20.4
21.6
13.7
75.0
43.8
49.8
51.2
87.6
86.3
98.6
47.1
77.5
94.6
24.8
55.9
50.2
48.8
12.2
13.3
1.4
52.6
22.5
4.9
Seasonal .................................................................
Seasonal ..............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......
17.9
18.2
11.8
18.1
20.5
10.2
33.1
32.9
37.4
32.6
32.9
31.5
25.9
25.7
27.9
26.2
25.8
27.5
22.1
22.1
21.5
22.9
20.7
30.1
50.7
52.5
21.0
51.3
59.7
23.3
49.1
47.2
79.0
48.3
39.9
76.5
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
Other ....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
19.5
21.9
19.7
16.8
23.0
16.6
21.8
24.6
34.2
31.3
34.6
35.8
36.1
37.9
35.8
36.1
24.0
25.4
23.0
25.5
23.6
26.2
24.7
22.6
17.3
19.9
16.6
17.0
16.1
19.1
16.3
15.6
54.9
53.2
54.0
58.6
56.4
64.1
56.1
55.5
45.0
46.6
45.9
41.4
43.4
35.5
43.8
44.1
Total, private nonfarm2 .................................
Industry
Reason for layoff3
(4)
(4)
10.4
(4)
18.2
(4)
(4)
34.0
(4)
37.3
1
(4)
(4)
30.4
(4)
25.8
33
1 Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and
Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender
may
notmay
equal
gender
not100.0
equal percent.
100.0 percent.
22
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table
See
1. 1.
(4)
(4)
23.9
(4)
16.1
(4)
(4)
53.5
(4)
58.8
(4)
(4)
46.3
(4)
41.0
Seefootnote
footnote1,
1,table
table 6.
6.
See
Useofofthis
thisreason
reason began
began with
2007
data
Use
withfirst–quarter
first–quarter
2007
data.
NOTE:
representszero.
zero.
NOTE: Dash
Dash represents
44
23
Table 20. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by State, private nonfarm
sector, 2007
Continued claims without earnings1
State
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Final payments for
unemployment insurance 1
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
Number
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
977,880
1,829,150
1.9
124,429
12.7
Alabama ………………………………………………………
Alaska …………………………………………………………
Arizona ………………………………………………………
Arkansas ……………………………………………………
California ……………………………………………………
Colorado ……………………………………………………
Connecticut …………………………………………………
Delaware ……………………………………………………
District of Columbia …………………………………………
Florida ………………………………………………………
Georgia ………………………………………………………
Hawaii …………………………………………………………
Idaho …………………………………………………………
7,532
3,514
5,714
6,775
237,142
4,505
6,310
479
456
30,054
15,682
2,440
4,502
17,312
3,028
10,730
12,435
453,298
9,298
13,559
511
1,480
73,381
22,790
4,911
8,926
2.3
.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.1
1.1
3.2
2.4
1.5
2.0
2.0
1,049
–
854
1,120
33,611
346
822
20
82
6,858
2,548
140
850
13.9
–
14.9
16.5
14.2
7.7
13.0
4.2
18.0
22.8
16.2
5.7
18.9
Illinois …………………………………………………………
Indiana ………………………………………………………
Iowa …………………………………………………………
Kansas ………………………………………………………
Kentucky ……………………………………………………
Louisiana ……………………………………………………
Maine …………………………………………………………
Maryland ……………………………………………………
Massachusetts ………………………………………………
Michigan ………………………………………………………
Minnesota ……………………………………………………
Mississippi ……………………………………………………
Missouri ………………………………………………………
76,256
29,305
8,736
4,215
7,919
4,815
3,431
9,620
11,941
78,043
19,328
4,025
21,713
181,833
25,273
16,399
8,894
2,185
9,050
4,330
20,792
24,658
121,636
42,967
9,644
42,893
2.4
.9
1.9
2.1
.3
1.9
1.3
2.2
2.1
1.6
2.2
2.4
2.0
10,177
2,292
621
566
1,046
576
605
1,077
1,704
8,049
2,235
273
1,536
13.3
7.8
7.1
13.4
13.2
12.0
17.6
11.2
14.3
10.3
11.6
6.8
7.1
Montana ………………………………………………………
Nebraska ……………………………………………………
Nevada ...........................................................................
New Hampshire .............................................................
New Jersey ....................................................................
New Mexico ...................................................................
New York……………………………………………………
North Carolina ………………………………………………
North Dakota …………………………………………………
Ohio …………………………………………………………
Oklahoma ……………………………………………………
Oregon ………………………………………………………
Pennsylvania …………………………………………………
2,151
1,142
5,829
1,462
33,736
2,513
67,834
9,742
1,614
50,299
2,384
17,247
72,998
2,333
1,907
11,421
2,383
80,503
8,305
129,785
36,893
2,380
91,167
3,062
26,192
80,544
1.1
1.7
2.0
1.6
2.4
3.3
1.9
3.8
1.5
1.8
1.3
1.5
1.1
155
40
911
40
5,943
673
6,775
4,473
326
3,895
317
1,654
4,359
7.2
3.5
15.6
2.7
17.6
26.8
10.0
45.9
20.2
7.7
13.3
9.6
6.0
Rhode Island …………………………………………………
South Carolina ………………………………………………
South Dakota ………………………………………………
Tennessee ……………………………………………………
Texas …………………………………………………………
Utah …………………………………………………………
Vermont ………………………………………………………
Virginia ………………………………………………………
Washington …………………………………………………
West Virginia …………………………………………………
Wisconsin ……………………………………………………
Wyoming ……………………………………………………
3,127
4,706
448
17,214
20,636
3,835
2,224
12,442
11,865
1,925
25,795
260
7,262
9,140
667
53,991
40,305
5,286
3,552
23,700
19,348
3,887
42,486
438
2.3
1.9
1.5
3.1
2.0
1.4
1.6
1.9
1.6
2.0
1.6
1.7
276
809
50
5,606
3,072
196
333
1,873
907
91
2,544
53
8.8
17.2
11.2
32.6
14.9
5.1
15.0
15.1
7.6
4.7
9.9
20.4
Puerto Rico …………………………………………………
12,073
28,227
2.3
1,849
15.3
Total, private nonfarm2………………………………
Number
such in
claims
are classified
as employed
in the for
areindividuals
classifiedwho
as make
employed
the CPS.
Final payment
information
CPS.
Final is
payment
information
for MLS
claimantsNote
is collected
MLS
claimants
collected
weekly. (See
the Technical
for additional
weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.)
information.)
2 2 See footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE:Dash
Dashrepresents
represents zero.
NOTE:
1
1
The
Mass
Layoff
Statistics
(MLS)
program
tracks
continued
claim
The
Mass
Layoff
Statistics
(MLS)
program
tracks
continued
activity
initial claimants
with extended
layoffs
once a
claimforactivity
for initial associated
claimants associated
with mass
extended
mass
layoffs
once
month Population
during the Survey
Current (CPS)
Population
Survey
(CPS)
month
during
theaCurrent
reference
week,
which
reference
which is usually
week
including
12th day claims
of
is usually
the week,
week including
the 12ththe
day
of the
month.the
Continued
month. are
Continued
claims
with earnings
excluded
because
withtheearnings
excluded
because
individualsarewho
make such
claims
24
Table 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007
Continued claims without earnings1
Measure
Total, private nonfarm2……………………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Final payments for unemployment
insurance1
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
977,880
1,829,150
1.9
124,429
12.7
Mining ……………………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………………
Information ………………………………………………………
4,791
1,548
192,355
309,550
12,106
72,317
72,678
16,804
9,565
2,262
327,567
526,085
27,984
137,399
108,977
33,501
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.3
1.9
1.5
2.0
350
106
14,725
41,291
2,098
12,059
4,404
2,571
7.3
6.8
7.7
13.3
17.3
16.7
6.1
15.3
Finance and insurance …………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………
Professional and technical services ……………………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………………
Administrative and waste services ……………………………
Educational services ……………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………………
Other services, except public administration …………………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………………
67,511
3,792
38,075
3,409
60,269
3,814
30,571
17,101
58,917
11,685
587
204,780
9,015
85,706
8,273
114,506
6,836
65,333
33,653
103,059
23,646
1,003
3.0
2.4
2.3
2.4
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.0
1.7
2.0
1.7
14,921
623
10,340
541
8,520
527
3,368
1,862
4,847
1,229
47
22.1
16.4
27.2
15.9
14.1
13.8
11.0
10.9
8.2
10.5
8.0
Business demand ................................................................
Contract cancellation ........................................................
Contract completion ..........................................................
Domestic competition ........................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ...................................
Import competition ............................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown .....................................................
358,966
10,832
144,742
1,512
8,521
15,381
555,967
25,160
225,652
4,151
16,547
35,163
1.5
2.3
1.6
2.7
1.9
2.3
36,857
1,952
14,878
402
1,323
3,401
10.3
18.0
10.3
26.6
15.5
22.1
177,978
249,294
1.4
14,901
8.4
Organizational changes .......................................................
Business-ownership change .............................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .....................
73,798
16,198
57,600
178,913
40,337
138,576
2.4
2.5
2.4
15,505
3,425
12,080
21.0
21.1
21.0
Financial issues ...................................................................
Bankruptcy ........................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...................
Financial difficulty ..............................................................
92,910
9,236
41,264
42,410
245,318
27,660
90,471
127,187
2.6
3.0
2.2
3.0
19,771
2,126
7,187
10,458
21.3
23.0
17.4
24.7
Production specific ...............................................................
Automation/technological advances .................................
Energy related ...................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .............................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ........................
Material or supply shortage ...............................................
Model changeover ............................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...............................
Product line discontinued ..................................................
23,552
1,781
252
1,670
7,041
1,520
7,387
2,482
1,419
49,662
6,310
668
4,830
6,745
1,859
22,462
4,378
2,410
2.1
3.5
2.7
2.9
1.0
1.2
3.0
1.8
1.7
4,366
571
84
340
447
132
2,429
124
239
18.5
32.1
33.3
20.4
6.3
8.7
32.9
5.0
16.8
Disaster/safety .....................................................................
Hazardous work environment ...........................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...............................
Non-natural disaster ..........................................................
Extreme weather-related event .........................................
3,010
146
378
440
2,046
4,751
411
565
975
2,800
1.6
2.8
1.5
2.2
1.4
251
39
61
71
80
8.3
26.7
16.1
16.1
3.9
Seasonal ..............................................................................
Seasonal ...........................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ....................
318,758
245,401
73,357
575,008
460,393
114,615
1.8
1.9
1.6
30,787
27,967
2,820
9.7
11.4
3.8
Other/miscellaneous ............................................................
Other .................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...............................................
Data not provided: Does not know ....................................
106,886
7,959
38,003
60,924
219,531
16,065
79,298
124,168
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.0
16,892
890
6,658
9,344
15.8
11.2
17.5
15.3
Other selected measures
Worksite closures ………………………………………………
Recall expected …………………………………………………
No recall expected ………………………………………………
102,466
479,037
333,582
295,797
798,133
733,632
2.9
1.7
2.2
26,924
44,329
58,436
26.3
9.3
17.5
Industry
Reason for layoff3
1
1
MassLayoff
LayoffStatistics
Statistics (MLS)
continued
claim
TheThe
Mass
(MLS) program
programtracks
tracks
continued
activity
for initial
associated
with extended
layoffs mass
once a
claim
activity
for claimants
initial claimants
associated
withmass
extended
month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which
layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS)
is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
reference
week, which is usually the week including the 12th day
claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such
of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because
25
claims are
classified
employed
in theCPS.
Final payment
individuals
who
makeassuch
claims
are classified
as employed in
information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical
the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected
Note for additional information.)
weekly.2 (See the Technical Note for additional information.)
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See
footnote 1, table 1.
3
See footnote 1, table 6.
3
See footnote 1, table 6.
Table 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest
metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2007
Continued claims without
earnings1
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Metropolitan area
Total, 369 metropolitan areas2……………………………………
Number
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
Average
number filed per
initial claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
468,131
917,250
2.0
61,661
13.2
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas …………………………..………… 364,301
694,919
1.9
45,450
12.5
3
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………...……
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI ……………………………………..………
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA ………...…
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ………………………...……..……
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA …………………..……………
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA ………………………..…………
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA ……………………………..……
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA ……………………………
St. Louis, MO-IL ……………………………………….…………………
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ………………..…………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ………………….………………
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY ………………………………….……………
61,493
39,588
32,918
31,933
13,784
13,602
11,493
9,662
9,351
8,344
7,770
7,192
121,552
61,821
72,823
83,064
25,857
22,997
23,467
17,460
19,086
18,580
14,632
10,111
2.0
1.6
2.2
2.6
1.9
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.9
1.4
8,760
2,973
4,881
5,040
1,742
1,556
1,663
1,122
589
697
1,006
193
14.2
7.5
14.8
15.8
12.6
11.4
14.5
11.6
6.3
8.4
12.9
2.7
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD …………...………
Pittsburgh, PA ………………………………………………….…………
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA ………………………….………………………
York-Hanover, PA …………………………………………..……………
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX ………………………………..……
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV …………………………...……………………
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA …………………..…………
Elkhart-Goshen, IN ……………………………..…………………………
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN …………………………...……………………
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA ………………...………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL …………………….……
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH ……………..………………………
Modesto, CA ……………………………………………………..………
6,870
5,786
5,174
4,737
4,521
4,427
4,209
4,072
3,835
3,782
3,766
3,618
3,413
11,988
7,861
1,933
1,792
6,852
8,990
5,989
1,927
3,171
11,388
10,060
7,027
6,332
1.7
1.4
.4
.4
1.5
2.0
1.4
.5
.8
3.0
2.7
1.9
1.9
857
335
78
43
440
821
390
141
195
787
1,237
342
715
12.5
5.8
1.5
.9
9.7
18.5
9.3
3.5
5.1
20.8
32.8
9.5
20.9
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC ………………….……
Atlantic City, NJ …………………………………………..……………...
Rochester, N.Y. ................................................................................
Reading, PA ………………………………………………….……………
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA ……………………………….…
Medford, OR ……………………………………………………..………
Stockton, CA ………………………………..……………………………
Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA ……………………………...
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin, TN ………….………...…
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC ………….………...……………
Baltimore-Towson, MD ……………………………...……………………
Fort Smith, AR-OK ……………………………...…………………...……
Fresno, CA ………………………………………………..………………
3,171
3,079
3,006
2,885
2,848
2,835
2,754
2,748
2,705
2,564
2,560
2,521
2,428
5,973
6,327
4,922
2,761
8,893
3,299
6,086
4,730
8,455
9,163
6,133
843
4,980
1.9
2.1
1.6
1.0
3.1
1.2
2.2
1.7
3.1
3.6
2.4
.3
2.1
438
543
90
166
663
191
600
353
868
1,253
287
21
451
13.8
17.6
3.0
5.8
23.3
6.7
21.8
12.8
32.1
48.9
11.2
.8
18.6
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ ……………………..……………
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ………………………..…………
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN …………………………………..…
Kansas City, MO-KS ……………………………………………….……
Toledo, OH ……………………………………………………...…………
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ …………………………………………
Salt Lake City, UT ……………………………….…………………
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH ………………..…………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX …………………………………….…
Salem, OR ……………………………….…………………
Tampa-St.Petersburg-Clearwater, FL ……………………………..……
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL ………………………………..…
2,277
2,014
1,974
1,971
1,955
1,945
1,906
1,890
1,834
1,765
1,752
1,574
2,216
3,718
4,186
5,656
3,563
3,590
2,769
4,007
4,381
3,418
4,721
3,369
1.0
1.8
2.1
2.9
1.8
1.8
1.5
2.1
2.4
1.9
2.7
2.1
103
443
216
405
155
177
86
107
313
274
549
95
4.5
22.0
10.9
20.5
7.9
9.1
4.5
5.7
17.1
15.5
31.3
6.0
1
1
TheMass
MassLayoff
Layoff Statistics
Statistics (MLS)
continued
The
(MLS)program
programtracks
tracks
continued
claimactivity
activity for
for initial
initial claimants
claimants associated
extended
mass
claim
associatedwith
with
extended
mass
layoffsonce
onceaamonth
month during
during the Current
Survey
(CPS)
layoffs
CurrentPopulation
Population
Survey
(CPS)
referenceweek,
week, which
which is usually
usually the
thethe
12th
dayday
of of
reference
theweek
weekincluding
including
12th
themonth.
month.Continued
Continuedclaims
claims with
with earnings
because
the
earningsare
areexcluded
excluded
because
individuals who
who make
claims
are are
classified
as employed
in the in
individuals
makesuch
such
claims
classified
as employed
CPS.
information
for for
MLS
claimants
is collected
the
CPS.Final
Finalpayment
payment
information
MLS
claimants
is collected
weekly.
(See
the
Technical
Note
for
additional
weekly.information.)
(See the Technical Note for additional information.)
2
See2 footnote
1, table
See footnote
1,1.table 1.
3
The
50 highest
metropolitan
areas
in level
terms
of the level of
The3 50
highest
metropolitan
areas in terms
of the
of extended
mass
layoff initial
claims
activity
shown.
extended
mass
layoff
initialare
claims
activity are shown.
NOTE:
The geographic
boundaries
of the metropolitan
areas shown areas
NOTE:
The geographic
boundaries
of the metropolitan
in this
table in
arethis
defined
U.S.defined
Office of in
Management
Bulletin and
shown
tablein are
U.S. Officeand
of Budget
Management
08-01,
November
20,08-01,
2007. November 20, 2007.
Budget
Bulletin
26
Table 23. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics,
private nonfarm sector, 2007
Characteristic
Total, private nonfarm2 ………………
Initial claims for
unemployment insurance
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
977,880
124,429
12.7
184,085
344,402
262,941
182,339
4,113
22,130
41,563
32,492
27,811
433
12.0
12.1
12.4
15.3
10.5
584,360
388,431
5,089
63,074
60,755
600
10.8
15.6
11.8
571,464
151,031
159,773
6,828
25,106
63,678
62,099
25,458
22,788
929
3,812
9,343
10.9
16.9
14.3
13.6
15.2
14.7
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
Age
Under 30 years of age ……………………
30–44 ………………………………………
45–54 ………………………………………
55 years of age or over …………………
Not available ………………………………
Gender
Male ………………………………………
Female ……………………………………
Not available ………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White ………………………………………
Black ………………………………………
Hispanic origin ……………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………
Not available ………………………………
11
Final payment
payment information
information for
for Mass
Mass Layoff
Layoff Statistics
Statisticsclaimants
claimantsisis collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.)
Final
2
collected
the Technical
Note for additional information.)
Seeweekly.
footnote(See
1, table
1.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
27
Table 24. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2005–07
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
United States1 .................................
4,881
4,885
5,364
884,661
935,969
966,526
834,533
951,102
977,880
Northeast ..................................................
1,064
1,068
1,055
168,088
177,161
183,023
187,278
211,818
203,063
New England .........................................
Middle Atlantic .......................................
179
885
200
868
191
864
30,047
138,041
43,342
133,819
41,202
141,821
28,865
158,413
32,803
179,015
28,495
174,568
South .........................................................
1,327
1,043
944
230,608
199,811
158,466
215,253
184,314
156,406
South Atlantic ........................................
East South Central ................................
West South Central ...............................
614
193
520
682
192
169
540
209
195
115,676
35,129
79,803
136,776
31,876
31,159
85,676
39,295
33,495
109,583
29,304
76,366
126,962
25,377
31,975
85,106
36,690
34,610
Midwest .....................................................
1,707
1,486
1,552
309,339
311,693
278,482
301,355
334,764
316,894
East North Central ................................
West North Central ...............................
1,337
370
1,170
316
1,197
355
246,238
63,101
259,342
52,351
220,277
58,205
241,999
59,356
283,306
51,458
259,698
57,196
West ..........................................................
783
1,288
1,813
176,626
247,304
346,555
130,647
220,206
301,517
Mountain ...............................................
Pacific ...................................................
172
611
161
1,127
208
1,605
51,355
125,271
44,335
202,969
49,334
297,221
22,150
108,497
22,321
197,885
29,309
272,208
11
See
table 1.
1.
See footnote
footnote 1, table
TheStates
States(and
(andthe
theDistrict
District
Columbia)
that
make
up the
census
divisions
NOTE: The
ofof
Columbia)
that
make
up the
census
divisions
are:New
NewEngland—Connecticut,
England—Connecticut,Maine,
Maine,
Massachusetts,
New
Hampshire,
Rhode
are:
Massachusetts,
New
Hampshire,
Rhode
Island, and
and Vermont; Middle
York,
and
Pennsylvania;
South
Island,
Middle Atlantic–New
Atlantic–NewJersey,
Jersey,New
New
York,
and
Pennsylvania;
Atlantic—Delaware,
DistrictDistrict
of Columbia,
Florida,
Georgia,
Maryland,
North North
Carolina,
South
Atlantic—Delaware,
of Columbia,
Florida,
Georgia,
Maryland,
South Carolina,
Virginia, Virginia,
and West
East South
Central—Alabama,
Carolina,
South Carolina,
andVirginia;
West Virginia;
East South
Central—Alabama,
28
Kentucky,
Mississippi,
and Tennessee;
West South
Central—Arkansas,
Kentucky,
Mississippi,
and Tennessee;
West South
Central—Arkansas,
Louisiana,
Louisiana,
and
Texas;
East North Indiana,
Central—Illinois,
Oklahoma,
andOklahoma,
Texas; East
North
Central—Illinois,
Michigan,Indiana,
Ohio, and
Michigan,West
Ohio,
andCentral–Iowa,
Wisconsin; West
North
Central-Iowa,
Wisconsin;
North
Kansas,
Minnesota,
Missouri,Kansas,
Nebraska,
Minnesota,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
North Dakota, Colorado,
and South
North
Dakota, and
South Dakota;
Mountain—Arizona,
Idaho,Dakota;
Montana,
Mountain—Arizona,
Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, NewCalifornia,
Mexico, Utah,
Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah,
and Wyoming;
and Pacific—Alaska,
Hawaii,
and and
Wyoming;
and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and
Oregon,
Washington.
Washington.
Table 25. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2005–07
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
State
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
Total, private nonfarm .......................
4,881
4,885
5,364
884,661
935,969
966,526
834,533
951,102
977,880
Alabama .......................................................
Alaska ...........................................................
Arizona .........................................................
Arkansas .......................................................
California ......................................................
Colorado .......................................................
Connecticut ...................................................
Delaware ......................................................
District of Columbia ......................................
Florida ...........................................................
Georgia .........................................................
Hawaii ...........................................................
Idaho .............................................................
14
21
18
10
430
43
36
39
17
38
32
1,413
40
33
6
4
219
63
18
31
1,639
4,290
5,830
2,067
80,682
24,777
7,796
( )
(2)
70,295
8,462
1,353
5,537
9,567
10,875
4,375
3,550
160,807
18,488
18,227
1,781
306
77,660
11,981
2,921
3,745
7,594
8,254
9,057
5,331
258,112
17,938
9,230
483
456
37,294
8,931
3,064
5,114
2,077
3,572
3,296
1,626
76,766
5,803
6,832
( )
(2)
343
72
13
39
52
27
20
13
941
37
52
3
3
347
86
22
29
( )
(2)
58,252
11,767
1,406
5,093
8,368
4,450
2,661
3,055
165,860
4,911
11,491
3,211
306
60,914
17,218
2,644
3,741
7,532
3,514
5,714
6,775
237,142
4,505
6,310
479
456
30,054
15,682
2,440
4,502
Illinois ............................................................
Indiana ..........................................................
Iowa ..............................................................
Kansas ..........................................................
Kentucky .......................................................
Louisiana ......................................................
Maine ............................................................
Maryland .......................................................
Massachusetts ..............................................
Michigan .......................................................
Minnesota .....................................................
Mississippi ....................................................
Missouri ........................................................
455
107
55
32
75
389
21
5
80
295
155
63
93
408
98
27
29
74
48
20
73
82
292
143
21
94
431
119
44
27
60
41
30
78
80
233
133
30
122
101,106
18,373
9,614
5,003
11,038
59,162
6,457
905
10,009
44,490
24,562
14,165
20,045
86,832
17,120
4,130
4,430
9,444
10,812
4,711
8,643
14,612
67,138
20,128
3,680
19,121
81,719
17,443
6,760
4,262
8,788
6,261
6,704
8,717
17,980
53,870
19,928
5,019
23,326
84,289
21,550
10,348
4,379
8,857
49,949
3,180
493
13,224
57,223
23,886
11,028
17,044
77,602
18,822
7,359
3,925
8,580
6,816
3,320
9,288
12,327
111,562
20,750
2,461
16,469
76,256
29,305
8,736
4,215
7,919
4,815
3,431
9,620
11,941
78,043
19,328
4,025
21,713
Montana ........................................................
Nebraska ......................................................
Nevada .........................................................
New Hampshire ............................................
New Jersey ...................................................
New Mexico ..................................................
New York ......................................................
North Carolina ..............................................
North Dakota ................................................
Ohio ..............................................................
Oklahoma .....................................................
Oregon ..........................................................
Pennsylvania ................................................
22
23
12
14
163
10
443
76
7
306
11
49
279
22
13
11
17
163
18
404
58
6
234
13
61
301
20
11
30
12
190
18
371
47
12
277
13
74
303
2,789
2,453
1,424
2,116
35,471
1,220
70,565
13,831
1,076
48,553
2,042
20,863
32,005
2,726
2,794
3,261
1,871
39,084
2,317
55,573
6,301
1,290
59,293
1,665
17,195
39,162
2,119
1,555
5,990
1,564
43,841
2,514
59,817
7,222
1,614
43,872
3,803
17,181
38,163
2,010
2,283
1,378
2,094
28,075
1,210
75,311
15,210
1,072
44,826
1,811
11,457
55,027
2,777
1,491
2,876
1,928
30,575
2,327
79,472
9,120
1,144
45,989
2,585
13,485
68,968
2,151
1,142
5,829
1,462
33,736
2,513
67,834
9,742
1,614
50,299
2,384
17,247
72,998
Rhode Island ................................................
South Carolina ..............................................
South Dakota ................................................
Tennessee ....................................................
Texas ............................................................
Utah ..............................................................
Vermont ........................................................
Virginia ..........................................................
Washington ...................................................
West Virginia ................................................
Wisconsin .....................................................
Wyoming .......................................................
14
39
5
41
110
23
14
66
98
8
174
5
15
41
4
45
95
20
14
52
76
19
138
4
21
33
6
80
109
27
15
72
83
18
137
4
1,654
6,784
348
8,287
16,532
5,873
2,015
11,685
18,083
1,741
33,716
3,905
1,977
7,455
458
9,185
15,132
5,186
1,944
19,176
11,171
3,473
28,959
4,237
3,401
5,045
760
17,894
18,100
4,056
2,323
14,748
10,610
2,780
23,373
2,546
1,520
7,644
344
7,342
22,980
2,901
2,015
13,117
15,296
1,127
34,111
459
1,892
7,674
320
5,968
19,519
2,617
1,845
16,185
11,446
3,046
29,331
411
3,127
4,706
448
17,214
20,636
3,835
2,224
12,442
11,865
1,925
25,795
260
Puerto Rico ...................................................
52
51
48
6,545
7,551
4,630
13,562
15,259
12,073
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table1.1.
See
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
29
2
Table 26. The 50 metropolitan areas with the highest number of extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm
sector, 2007
2006
Metropolitan area
Events
Separations
2007
Rank1
Events
Separations
Rank1
Total, 369 metropolitan areas2 ………………………………………
2,700
452,902
…
2,781
409,343
…
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas ………………………………………
1,877
335,769
…
2,001
307,375
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………………
260
39,638
1
337
46,651
1
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA ……………
259
33,517
3
213
37,350
2
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ………………………………………
197
35,815
2
218
35,424
3
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI ………………………………………………
119
24,815
4
100
19,327
4
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA …………………………………
61
7,948
11
105
11,491
5
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA …………………………………
51
5,701
16
90
11,286
6
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA ……………………………………
84
10,305
7
105
9,655
7
St. Louis, MO-IL ……………………………………………………………
36
10,334
6
35
9,199
8
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ……………………………
68
9,644
8
62
8,780
9
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade–Roseville, CA ……………………………
40
6,466
14
63
7,988
10
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA …………………………………
45
10,695
5
46
6,581
11
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH ……………………………………
42
6,686
13
32
5,752
12
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD ……………………
60
9,008
9
52
5,663
13
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL ……………………………
40
8,465
10
29
4,711
14
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC …………………………
12
7,893
12
15
4,636
15
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV …………………………………………………
10
3,080
32
20
4,516
16
Medford, OR ………………………………………………………………
5
4,605
20
7
4,360
17
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA …………………………………
18
2,525
37
22
4,066
18
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ ……………………………………………
7
1,796
48
15
3,842
19
Pittsburgh, PA ………………………………………………………………
36
4,126
21
34
3,118
20
Fresno, CA …………………………………………………………………
14
1,755
50
19
3,064
21
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC ……………………………………
6
477
144
9
2,782
22
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA ………………………………
17
3,912
24
14
2,744
23
Modesto, CA ………………………………………………………………
21
3,660
27
21
2,734
24
Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN ………………………
10
2,482
38
12
2,673
25
York-Hanover, PA …………………………………………………………
12
1,571
59
12
2,568
26
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL …………………………………
12
1,439
64
13
2,535
27
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA ……………………………………
6
422
155
15
2,532
28
Kansas City, MO-KS ………………………………………………………
11
1,667
54
17
2,515
29
Baltimore-Towson, MD ……………………………………………………
25
2,744
34
26
2,349
30
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH ……………………………………………
25
3,347
28
22
2,232
31
Atlantic City, NJ ……………………………………………………………
13
3,944
22
16
2,070
32
Toledo, OH …………………………………………………………………
13
1,990
44
15
2,035
33
Richmond, VA ………………………………………………………………
6
866
94
6
2,023
34
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY …………………………………………………
35
5,520
17
19
2,014
35
36
Yuma, AZ ……………………………………………………………………
3
911
91
8
2,007
Springfield, MA-CT …………………………………………………………
7
1,264
71
(3)
(3)
37
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL ……………………………………
7
1,663
55
10
1,864
38
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN ………………………………………
20
5,908
15
13
1,844
39
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ……………………………………
29
3,251
30
12
1,838
40
Salt Lake City, UT …………………………………………………………
10
3,927
23
13
1,837
41
Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN ………………………………………
16
1,608
57
14
1,777
42
Rochester, NY ………………………………………………………………
25
2,289
41
14
1,724
43
Stockton, CA ………………………………………………………………
16
1,606
58
14
1,691
44
Reading, PA ………………………………………………………………
12
1,195
75
18
1,655
45
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI ……………………………………
7
1,263
72
12
1,635
46
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX ………………………………………
24
3,324
29
15
1,615
47
48
Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA …………………………………
(3)
(3)
267
7
1,611
Danville, VA …………………………………………………………………
3
1,682
52
(3)
(3)
49
Salem, OR …………………………………………………………………
5
1,125
79
8
1,555
50
11
Metropolitan
inin
2007.
Metropolitan areas
areasare
areranked
rankedby
bythe
thenumber
numberofofseparations
separations
2007.
See footnote
1. 1.
See
footnote1,1,table
table
33
Data do
or or
State
agency
disclosure
standards.
Data
donot
notmeet
meetBLS
BLS
State
agency
disclosure
standards.
NOTE:
TheThe
geographic
boundaries
of the
areas areas
shownshown
in
NOTE:
geographic
boundaries
ofmetropolitan
the metropolitan
thisthis
table
are defined
in U.S.in
Office
Management
and Budget Bulletin
in
table
are defined
U.S.of Office
of Management
and Budget
20, 2007. 20, 2007.
08-01, November
Bulletin
08-01, November
22
30
Table 27. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2000–07
Percent of events1
Nature of recall
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
55.0
39.0
41.4
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
83.2
45.8
79.6
45.3
79.1
45.9
82.4
47.2
84.2
47.7
87.1
50.1
88.7
53.5
86.5
49.0
89.5
50.5
84.2
40.5
89.8
41.6
87.5
43.7
90.1
47.1
90.6
47.9
92.2
49.4
90.2
49.8
94.5
90.1
92.6
94.2
95.1
94.8
93.6
94.7
88.3
42.1
88.2
40.8
86.7
45.1
87.5
44.5
87.8
43.0
91.5
45.6
91.0
48.2
91.6
46.6
95.8
56.7
95.2
53.8
96.0
54.2
95.2
54.1
96.4
54.7
96.7
55.0
96.8
57.0
96.0
59.1
Anticipate a recall ………………………………………………………
33.5
25.3
23.5
23.4
26.6
31.6
29.4
25.1
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months ……………………………………………………
75.4
51.6
71.3
49.5
68.6
47.0
74.4
51.4
77.0
56.9
78.5
58.7
84.7
62.7
76.1
53.8
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
79.8
40.8
73.7
27.8
81.3
24.5
75.5
27.3
77.7
31.9
78.9
34.3
84.3
36.2
78.3
31.0
ALL
ALLLAYOFF
LAYOFF EVENTS
EVENTS
Anticipate a recall ………………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months ……………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
ALL
LAYOFF
EVENTS
DUE
SEASONAL
WORKAND
LAYOFF
EVENTS
DUE
TOTO
SEASONAL
WORK
ANDVACATION
VACATION PERIOD
PERIOD22
Anticipate a recall ………………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months ………………………………………………………
Within 3 months ……………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half ……………………………………………………………
All workers …………………………………………………………
ALLLAYOFFS
LAYOFF EVENTS,
EXCLUDING
THOSE
DUE
TO TO
ALL
EVENTS,
EXCLUDING
THOSE
DUE
2
SEASONAL
PERIOD
SEASONALWORK
WORKAND
ANDVACATION
VACATION
PERIOD2
1
1
Seefootnote
footnote1,
1,table
table 1.
1.
See
See
footnote
See
footnote1,1,table
table 6.
22
31
Table 28. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private
nonfarm sector, 2000–07
Percent of layoff events
Measure
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
55.0
39.0
41.4
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
49.5
Mining …………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ……………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………
61.1
31.8
81.6
48.5
35.5
29.1
70.3
26.0
5.3
62.3
26.3
72.6
33.5
18.3
21.2
54.9
8.6
2.8
59.0
31.6
76.5
33.2
32.0
19.4
53.3
10.7
2.0
68.6
27.3
71.9
38.7
26.6
25.7
54.8
9.8
3.4
77.5
46.2
76.7
43.8
36.2
27.6
68.7
12.4
5.1
90.9
53.8
80.2
48.2
44.1
31.3
65.3
17.5
8.2
75.0
72.7
58.9
45.6
36.9
29.1
72.3
26.5
5.0
76.9
55.6
53.8
43.1
31.6
29.9
76.0
23.7
.5
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………
Professional and technical services ………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………
Administrative and waste services …………………
Educational services …………………………………
Health care and social assistance ........................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
41.2
50.8
50.0
52.2
54.5
56.6
81.7
73.5
82.3
32.3
24.2
20.6
37.5
38.8
33.3
68.4
76.2
55.0
72.0
28.9
29.4
30.9
25.0
37.2
57.9
63.1
82.3
62.3
72.5
9.1
13.6
32.7
35.0
31.3
48.1
60.9
68.6
64.8
66.7
57.1
23.1
42.4
23.8
34.7
68.8
69.7
83.3
69.4
64.8
50.0
31.6
46.8
42.9
42.6
50.0
69.1
77.8
65.8
71.3
–
29.4
52.9
33.3
41.1
60.9
79.7
81.5
73.8
81.5
–
10.7
40.4
42.9
56.2
55.6
77.7
84.2
74.3
69.9
25.0
58.7
27.4
57.0
41.4
16.7
52.2
39.4
13.3
53.1
40.9
13.6
41.6
44.3
9.0
38.6
48.9
15.5
42.8
43.5
14.1
36.6
39.1
21.9
36.3
Domestic competition .........................................
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
26.7
Excess inventory/saturated market ....................
Import competition .............................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasona
business slowdown ......................................
(3)
9.5
(3)
9.2
(3)
9.5
(3)
5.4
(3)
7.8
(3)
5.4
(3)
9.4
34.2
2.7
69.8
42.3
36.8
47.8
62.0
64.8
63.0
47.6
Organizational changes ........................................
Business-ownership change ..............................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ......
9.2
3.3
11.1
5.7
4.3
6.1
4.3
3.9
4.4
6.5
5.8
6.6
5.7
4.7
6.0
4.5
1.9
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.1
6.0
3.0
7.1
Financial issues ....................................................
Bankruptcy .........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ....
Financial difficulty ...............................................
5.3
2.6
6.4
2.4
5.5
3.7
5.1
2.3
1.9
–
4.0
2.2
5.0
1.8
(3)
6.8
(3)
8.1
(3)
6.3
(3)
6.7
(3)
2.7
(3)
5.2
(3)
6.1
4.4
–
4.0
6.0
Production specific ................................................
Automation/technological advances ..................
Energy related ....................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..............
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .........
Material or supply shortage ................................
Model changeover .............................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................
Product line discontinued ...................................
48.1
–
40.0
42.3
36.4
20.0
40.4
40.0
33.3
48.1
–
–
45.1
–
–
40.2
33.3
–
44.7
12.5
100.0
(3)
46.4
83.3
77.8
84.2
20.0
(3)
58.3
40.0
53.8
100.0
5.0
(3)
57.1
44.4
40.0
83.3
7.1
(3)
57.9
80.0
66.7
95.8
2.9
(3)
45.2
80.0
77.8
94.7
8.6
(3)
55.6
50.0
71.4
90.0
15.0
(3)
72.2
70.0
66.7
83.3
11.1
53.6
12.5
–
7.1
55.6
100.0
66.7
82.4
28.6
Disaster/safety ......................................................
Hazardous work environment ............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ................
Non-natural disaster ...........................................
Extreme weather-related event ..........................
80.3
28.6
–
66.1
–
75.0
(4)
85.9
4
6.7
90.2
82.0
66.7
100.0
37.5
91.9
83.6
60.0
33.3
–
95.8
95.7
50.0
100.0
100.0
96.8
42.9
100.0
50.0
100.0
42.5
80.6
25.0
60.0
60.0
89.6
84.4
–
66.7
80.0
95.5
Seasonal ...............................................................
Seasonal ............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .....
94.5
94.3
98.7
90.1
89.4
99.2
92.6
92.3
97.5
94.2
93.9
98.1
95.1
95.0
97.3
94.8
94.5
100.0
93.6
93.3
98.2
94.7
93.5
99.3
Other/miscellaneous .............................................
Other ..................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ................................
Data not provided: Does not know .....................
9.8
26.8
–
2.7
9.2
15.0
–
1.7
6.7
16.7
–
.7
2.3
11.8
–
–
5.3
16.8
–
–
5.0
17.0
–
–
4.8
19.1
–
.9
3.3
46.3
–
.5
Domestic relocation ..............................................
–
5.0
4.9
2.0
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
Overseas relocation ..............................................
2.3
1.3
4.4
1.6
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………………
Industry
Reason for layoff2
Business demand .................................................
Contract cancellation .........................................
Contract completion ...........................................
1 1
See
2 2
3
1, 1,
table
1. 1. Seefootnote
footnote
table
See
1, table
6. 6. Seefootnote
footnote
1, table
3
Useofofthis
this
reason
began
first-quarter
Use
reason
began
withwith
first-quarter
2007 2007
data. data.
4 4 Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the
Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the
third
quarterofof2001,
2001,
order
to identify
layoffs
directly
or indirectly
third quarter
in in
order
to identify
layoffs
directly
or indirectly
related
to the
11 attacks.
Thus, data
for data
2001 for
pertain
to pertain
the
related
toSeptember
the September
11 attacks.
Thus,
2001
to
thirdthe
andthird
fourth
quarters
and
fourthonly.
quarters only.
5
5
Beginning
with data
2004,
reasons
layoff are
Beginning
withfordata
forthese
2004,
thesefor
reasons
fornolayoff are no
longer
used.
For additional
information,
see the see
Technical
Note.
longer
used.
For additional
information,
the Technical
Note.
Dash represents
zero.
NOTE:NOTE:
Dash represents
zero.
32
Table 29. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations after which the employer
does not expect a recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007
Measure
Events
Total, private nonfarm1………………………………………
Separations
1,775
296,479
Mining …………………………………………………………………
Utilities ………………………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………………
Information ……………………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………………
7
4
412
570
43
132
43
36
252
1,259
378
42,012
101,582
6,040
33,138
10,597
4,541
48,109
Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………………
Educational services ………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………
Accommodation and food services ………………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………………
Unclassified establishments ………………………………………
15
56
12
82
8
40
8
35
18
2
1,816
9,401
2,069
12,856
851
11,750
842
6,123
2,477
638
Business demand ......................................................................
Contract cancellation ..............................................................
Contract completion ...............................................................
Domestic competition .............................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ........................................
Import competition ..................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ..........................................................
870
52
377
11
20
70
110,985
7,956
41,289
1,283
2,777
11,017
340
46,663
Organizational changes .............................................................
Business-ownership change ..................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..........................
359
92
267
68,834
23,357
45,477
Financial issues .........................................................................
Bankruptcy .............................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........................
Financial difficulty ...................................................................
416
63
159
194
93,829
16,752
30,093
46,984
Production specific ....................................................................
Automation/technological advances .......................................
Energy related ........................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..............................
Material or supply shortage ....................................................
Model changeover ..................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .....................................
Product line discontinued .......................................................
29
7
(3)
12
3
–
3
( )
–
4
6,411
1,796
(3)
2,414
600
–
(3)
–
993
Disaster/safety ...........................................................................
Hazardous work environment .................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ....................................
Non-natural disaster ...............................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..............................................
4
449
(3)
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
–
(3)
(3)
Seasonal ...................................................................................
Seasonal ................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .........................
60
10,462
57
3
10,127
335
Other/miscellaneous ..................................................................
Other ......................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .....................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .........................................
37
5,509
17
4
16
2,292
661
2,556
Industry
Reason for layoff2
1
See
table
1. 1.
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,
table
1
22
3
See
table
6. 6. Seefootnote
footnote1,1,
table
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
33
Table 30. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2003–07
Layoff events
Separations
Reason for layoff1
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Total, all reasons2 .................................................
919
746
560
621
Business demand ....................................................
189
130
104
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion .............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasona
business slowdown ........................................
28
21
39
20
22
15
(3)
(3)
78
(3)
(3)
31
(3)
(3)
32
62
40
Organizational changes ...........................................
245
Business-ownership change ................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ........
51
194
Financial issues .......................................................
Bankruptcy ...........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
Production specific ..................................................
16
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued .....................................
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
595
210,903
159,867
107,399
153,718
126,642
123
139
39,846
23,587
16,704
22,977
23,426
28
28
7,239
3,698
7,202
3,780
3,180
1,721
4,227
4,667
(3)
(3)
36
24
13
4
9
49
(3)
(3)
17,672
(3)
(3)
6,272
(3)
(3)
6,091
(3)
(3)
6,151
4,488
2,792
568
1,373
7,903
35
31
40
11,237
6,333
5,712
7,932
6,302
290
227
274
172
50,924
63,725
43,418
78,219
30,647
59
231
46
181
70
204
57
115
15,433
35,491
10,206
53,519
8,651
34,767
23,548
54,671
11,341
19,306
291
210
144
143
242
81,691
47,007
32,990
34,122
64,146
122
70
59
41
42,824
16,759
16,654
13,207
(3)
169
(3)
140
(3)
85
(3)
102
51
81
110
(3)
38,867
(3)
30,248
(3)
16,336
(3)
20,915
15,103
18,087
30,956
3,482
4,943
3,317
–
(4)
–
–
(4)
(3)
(4)
–
(4)
(4)
11
Disaster/safety .........................................................
3
24
(4)
–
(3)
5
(4)
(4)
(4)
14
4
( )
4
20
15
10
2,459
6,583
–
(4)
–
(4)
–
(4)
5
–
–
–
–
(4)
(3)
(4)
–
(4)
–
(4)
(3)
(4)
(4)
–
–
16
(3)
(4)
–
–
–
11
15
5
4
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Non-natural disaster .............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
( )
( )
–
–
( )
( )
( )
(4)
–
Seasonal .................................................................
–
–
6
Seasonal ..............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......
–
–
–
–
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
70
Other ....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
39
5
26
Domestic relocation .................................................
Overseas relocation ................................................
70
35
1
2
3
4
–
–
–
4
1
See
footnote
1, table
6. 6.
See
footnote
1, table
4
( )
606
4
4
( )
–
4
( )
( )
–
–
–
4
( )
–
–
( )
8
–
–
6
–
8
–
–
–
91
44
53
66
6
19
31
3
10
38
4
11
(5)
(5)
5
5
( )
( )
–
4
(4)
(4)
(4)
4,285
(4)
–
4
See
footnote
1, table
See
footnote
1, table
1. 1.
3
Use
of
this
reason
began
with first-quarter 2007 data.
Use
of
this
reason
began
with first-quarter 2007 data.
4
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
2
( )
–
4
(4)
(4)
(4)
1,744
(3)
1,396
4
( )
(3)
(4)
–
–
–
4,342
2,353
1,743
–
4
(4)
(4)
4
(4)
–
( )
4
( )
(4)
–
–
585
513
–
–
–
–
–
585
–
513
–
–
–
30
13,900
18,782
7,867
11,201
4,796
11
4
15
9,460
1,016
3,424
14,992
927
2,863
5,593
490
1,784
8,458
582
2,161
1,634
661
2,501
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5
12,032
9,445
(5)
5
5
5
5
(5)
( )
4
( )
( )
–
(4)
(4)
1,575
–
–
–
–
( )
(4)
–
( )
5
(4)
(3)
(4)
(4)
–
–
2,699
4
( )
( )
Beginning
with datawith
for 2004,
these
reasons
layoff are
longer
used.
5
Beginning
data for
2004,
theseforreasons
fornolayoff
are
no longer used.
For additional
information,
see the Technical
Note.
For additional
information,
see the Technical
Note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
34
Table 31. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector,
private nonfarm sector, 2003–07
Layoffs
Separations
Industry
Total, private nonfarm 1 ..................................
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
919
746
560
621
595
4
–
16
357
28
94
24
30
36
2
( )
–
24
249
17
74
25
15
27
2
5
26
( )
8
2
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
( )
18
469
42
123
29
37
39
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
( )
20
4
64
–
27
7
18
12
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
1
1
5
2
2
( )
–
18
314
21
81
23
30
34
6
–
6
289
26
63
16
12
87
4
11
4
20
(2)
16
3
20
11
(2)
24
(2)
34
13
( )
29
5
31
8
28
15
3
17
3
24
–
–
–
( )
38
(2)
35
2
2
See
table
1. 1.
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,
table
1
Datado
donot
notmeet
meet
BLS
State
agency
disclosure
standards.
Data
BLS
or or
State
agency
disclosure
standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
2 2
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
35
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
210,903
159,867
107,399
153,718
126,642
2
( )
–
1,377
67,228
4,265
40,784
7,852
6,537
5,510
1,184
–
2,083
56,264
4,103
19,771
3,209
1,623
16,970
2
296
2,970
367
5,226
532
1,831
811
3,913
(2)
3,109
320
6,150
1,387
(2)
8,351
–
538
789
–
2,718
71,013
4,815
24,921
5,423
8,282
8,714
( )
–
3,270
48,184
2,491
17,318
4,965
2,906
5,119
1,299
4,136
( )
1,503
(2)
13
9
( )
3,877
1,001
14,926
–
4,285
1,398
3,796
1,660
(2)
8,410
1,868
( )
5,609
568
5,818
1,208
4,935
2,517
1
51
–
–
1,222
2
( )
5,068
94,990
6,815
45,136
8,931
8,048
9,270
2
2
( )
9,345
(2)
7,397
2
2
(2)
3,296
1,814
Table 32. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector,
50 highest ranking three-digit NAICS industries in 2007
Permanent closures
Industry
NAICS
2006
Events
2
Separations
2007
Rank
1
Events
Separations
Rank
Total, private nonfarm ......................................
…
621
153,718
…
595
126,642
…
Total, 50 highest ranking industries .............................
…
581
148,650
…
567
123,481
…
Credit intermediation and related activities .................
Food and beverage stores ..........................................
Transportation equipment manufacturing ....................
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ...............
Computer and electronic product manufacturing ........
Food manufacturing ....................................................
Textile mills ..................................................................
Administrative and support services ............................
Nursing and residential care facilities ..........................
Fabricated metal product manufacturing .....................
522
445
336
326
334
311
313
561
623
332
27
24
51
26
15
31
26
22
8
13
4,784
16,587
13,273
4,302
7,278
7,264
5,549
4,108
1,392
1,885
8
1
2
9
4
5
6
10
33
26
78
16
41
23
18
20
23
20
9
19
14,772
8,548
8,303
5,425
5,245
5,130
4,664
3,913
3,682
3,279
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hospitals ......................................................................
Chemical manufacturing ..............................................
Apparel manufacturing ................................................
General merchandise stores .......................................
Wood product manufacturing ......................................
Printing and related support activities .........................
Furniture and related product manufacturing ..............
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ...................
Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores ..........
Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................
622
325
315
452
321
323
337
424
451
339
3
6
16
20
13
10
19
12
8
10
1,126
1,024
2,815
11,883
1,948
1,769
3,770
1,833
3,450
1,890
36
39
17
3
23
28
12
27
13
25
7
14
20
10
16
14
15
13
8
10
3,122
2,960
2,808
2,630
2,516
2,242
2,180
2,161
2,053
1,985
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Insurance carriers and related activities ......................
Furniture and home furnishings stores ........................
Electronics and appliance stores .................................
Professional and technical services ............................
Machinery manufacturing ............................................
Food services and drinking places ..............................
Clothing and clothing accessories stores ....................
Electrical equipment and appliance mfg. .....................
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods .........................
Primary metal manufacturing ......................................
524
442
443
541
333
722
448
335
423
331
6
4
4
17
15
7
11
14
7
15
656
501
1,710
2,970
3,992
1,026
3,047
2,783
1,999
2,202
48
50
30
15
11
38
14
18
22
20
8
5
8
11
10
9
6
8
10
7
1,903
1,902
1,841
1,831
1,822
1,809
1,682
1,664
1,662
1,647
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Accommodation ...........................................................
Construction of buildings .............................................
Textile product mills .....................................................
Personal and laundry services ....................................
Paper manufacturing ...................................................
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ................
Warehousing and storage ...........................................
Mining, except oil and gas ...........................................
Social assistance .........................................................
Transit and ground passenger transportation .............
721
236
314
812
322
327
493
212
624
485
13
3
( )
4
6
15
6
4
(3)
3
( )
(3)
5,124
3
( )
363
715
1,901
1,012
796
(3)
3
( )
(3)
7
65
56
46
24
41
43
58
61
49
4
3
8
5
12
8
6
6
6
5
1,487
1,434
1,431
1,370
1,352
1,276
1,233
1,184
1,028
953
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Management of companies and enterprises ...............
Specialty trade contractors ..........................................
Support activities for transportation .............................
Unclassified establishments ........................................
Telecommunications ...................................................
Ambulatory health care services .................................
Data processing, hosting and related services ............
Health and personal care stores .................................
Rental and leasing services ........................................
Publishing industries, except Internet ..........................
551
238
488
999
517
621
518
446
532
511
3
13
4
–
17
3
4
(3)
3
( )
–
367
1,019
1,415
–
2,326
389
737
(3)
3
( )
–
55
40
32
–
19
54
45
51
64
–
4
3
3
( )
3
( )
6
(3)
(3)
4
3
( )
3
1
1
2
2
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2007.
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2007.
See footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
811
649
(3)
3
( )
528
(3)
(3)
481
3
( )
385
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
36
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
Table 33. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff
events and separations by State, private nonfarm sector, 2006–07
State
Layoffs
Separations
2006
2007
Change
2006
2007
Change
Total, private nonfarm1 ……
621
595
-26
153,718
126,642
-27,076
Alabama …………………………
Alaska …………………………
Arizona …………………………
Arkansas ………………………
California ………………………
Colorado ………………………
Connecticut ……………………
Delaware ………………………
District of Columbia ……………
Florida …………………………
Georgia …………………………
Hawaii …………………………
Idaho ……………………………
18
–
(2)
(2)
93
5
7
–
–
46
32
3
–
16
–
4
7
95
–
5
–
–
35
40
(2)
4
-2
–
(2)
(2)
2
-5
-2
–
–
-11
8
(2)
4
4,017
–
(2)
(2)
28,290
1,769
1,874
–
–
14,409
4,367
453
–
3,558
–
1,258
1,540
21,318
–
1,431
–
–
6,442
5,599
(2)
437
-459
–
(2)
(2)
-6,972
-1,769
-443
–
–
-7,967
1,232
(2)
437
Illinois ……………………………
Indiana …………………………
Iowa ........................................
Kansas …………………………
Kentucky ………………………
Louisiana ………………………
Maine ……………………………
Maryland ………………………
Massachusetts …………………
Michigan ………………………
Minnesota ………………………
Mississippi ………………………
Missouri …………………………
32
15
6
9
11
5
(2)
6
7
36
(2)
5
9
45
22
6
(2)
13
3
(2)
13
10
18
(2)
7
17
13
7
0
(2)
2
-2
(2)
7
3
-18
(2)
2
8
8,757
4,544
1,760
1,596
1,499
1,698
(2)
904
1,736
6,962
(2)
621
3,474
8,964
5,112
1,645
(2)
1,714
730
(2)
1,929
1,770
7,865
(2)
2,239
3,325
207
568
-115
(2)
215
-968
(2)
1,025
34
903
(2)
1,618
-149
Montana …………………………
Nebraska ………………………
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ………………………
North Carolina …………………
North Dakota ……………………
Ohio ……………………………
Oklahoma ………………………
Oregon …………………………
Pennsylvania ……………………
(2)
5
4
(2)
31
3
54
28
–
47
6
5
8
3
(2)
5
(2)
40
(2)
32
24
–
29
4
7
8
(2)
(2)
1
(2)
9
(2)
-22
-4
–
-18
-2
2
–
(2)
1,451
1,862
(2)
7,541
646
7,052
3,218
–
16,346
693
680
1,448
274
(2)
1,469
(2)
9,510
(2)
7,118
3,439
–
5,850
2,118
1,347
938
(2)
(2)
-393
(2)
1,969
(2)
66
221
–
-10,496
1,425
667
-510
Rhode Island ……………………
South Carolina …………………
South Dakota …………………
Tennessee ………………………
Texas ……………………………
Utah ……………………………
Vermont …………………………
Virginia …………………………
Washington ……………………
West Virginia ……………………
Wisconsin ………………………
Wyoming ………………………
(2)
3
8
(2)
(2)
(2)
7,259
6,144
(2)
(2)
4,600
705
1,045
601
–
385
1,529
(2)
3,295
4,635
(2)
(2)
1,628
1,532
413
1,360
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
-3,964
-1,509
(2)
(2)
-2,972
827
-632
759
–
(2)
(2)
26
20
(2)
(2)
12
3
5
3
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
-10
-1
(2)
(2)
-5
1
-1
4
–
(2)
16
19
(2)
(2)
7
4
4
7
–
1
Seefootnote
footnote 1,
1, table
table 1.
See
1.
Datado
do not
not meet BLS
standards.
Data
BLS or
or State
Stateagency
agencydisclosure
disclosure
standards.
NOTE:
Dashrepresents
representszero.
zero. NOTE: Dash
1
22
37
Table 34. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, 25 highest ranking metropolitan areas,
private nonfarm sector, 2007
2006
Metropolitan Area
2007
Events
Separations
Rank1
Events
Separations
Rank1
Total, 369 metropolitan areas2………………………………………
410
90,358
…
390
74,746
…
Total, 25 highest ranking metropolitan areas…………………………
227
58,014
…
227
47,712
…
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA ………………
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………………
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ………………………………………
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA ……………………………………
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI …………………………………………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ……………………………………
St. Louis, MO-IL ……………………………………………………………
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV …………………………………………………
45
45
13
5
17
5
6
4
7,423
8,572
2,437
532
2,220
5,546
2,358
1,862
2
1
5
42
7
3
6
11
44
34
32
12
8
8
8
4
9,835
6,672
5,437
2,595
2,019
1,757
1,573
1,389
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ……………………………………
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL …………………………………………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA …………………………………
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade–Roseville, CA ………………………………
New Haven, CT ……………………………………………………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL ……………………………
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC ……………………………………
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ ……………………………………………
11
(2)
4
3
(2)
17
3
(2)
1,121
(2)
814
1,457
(2)
3,742
233
(2)
21
80
26
16
44
4
79
48
9
(2)
7
5
3
7
5
3
1,359
(2)
1,262
1,184
1,058
1,001
985
942
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA ……………………………………
Fort Wayne, IN ………………………………………………………………
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH ……………………………………………
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI ……………………………………
Albuquerque, NM …………………………………………………………
Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN ………………………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX …………………………………………
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL ……………………………………
Syracuse, NY ………………………………………………………………
7
(2)
6
–
(2)
–
8
4
(2)
1,327
(2)
1,164
–
(2)
–
1,654
440
(2)
17
81
20
–
37
–
14
52
97
7
3
6
4
(2)
4
4
4
3
932
925
867
865
(2)
754
740
731
706
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
11
NOTE:The
Thegeographic
geographicboundaries
boundaries of
of the
the metropolitan
metropolitan areas
areas shown
shown in this
NOTE:
table
aretable
defined
in U.S. in
Office
Management
and Budget
Bulletin 08-01,
in this
are defined
U.S. of
Office
of Management
and Budget
November
20, 2007.
Dash represents
Bulletin 08-01,
November
20, 2007. zero.
Dash represents zero.
Metropolitan areas
areas are
are ranked
ranked by the number of separations
Metropolitan
separationsin
in2007.
2007.
See
See footnote
footnote 1,
1, table
table 1.
1.
33 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
22
38
Technical Note
T
he Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a Federal-State program that uses a standardized, automated
approach to identiying, describing, and tracking the
effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each State’s
unemployment insurance (UI) database. Establishments that
have at least 50 initial claims for unemployment insurance
filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are
contacted by the State agency to determine whether these
separations are of at least 31 days duration; when the separations have lasted at least this long, information is obtained on
the total number of people separated and the reasons for these
separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance
claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age,
race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The MLS
program yields information on an individual’s entire spell of
unemployment, to the point at which regular unemployment
insurance benefits are exhausted.
Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass
layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff information for agriculture and government are no longer collected.
With the release of first-quarter 2007 extended mass layoff
data, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics introduced improvements to the presentation of data on economic reasons for
extended mass layoffs. Clearer definitions and titles for many
of the current “reasons” were introduced and four new reasons were added. In addition, seven higher level categories—
business demand, disaster/safety, financial, organizational,
production, seasonal, and other/miscellaneous—are used to
aggregate and report the detailed economic reasons for layoff. Because of these changes, data beginning with the first
quarter of 2007 are not strictly comparable with data from
previous quarters. For additional information on the changes
to the MLS reasons, including a detailed definition of each
reason and an explanation of how the new reasons differ from
the old reasons, please see www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm.
payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS
program collects continued claims for 1 week each month.
This is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
day of the month and is referred to as the Current Population
Survey (CPS) reference week. Because continued claims are
not tracked for all weeks, an exact measure of insured jobless
duration is not available.
Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which
predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted.
Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a
5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more
than 30 days.
Final payment recipients. People who have exhausted all of
their unemployment insurance benefits and are no longer eligible for any further benefits.
Food processing and distribution. Industries that are involved
in the production and distribution of food. These industries
include food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing, grocery and related product wholesalers, farm product raw material merchant wholesalers, alcoholic beverage merchant
wholesalers, farm supplies merchant wholesalers, food and
beverage stores, food (health) supplement stores, refrigerated warehousing and storage, farm product warehousing and
storage, veterinary services, and food services and drinking
places.
Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent
period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of
eligibility.
Layoff. The separation of people from an employer as part of
a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both
people who are subject to recall and those who are terminated.
Definitions
Clothing manufacturing and distribution. Industries involved
in the production and distribution of clothing. These industries include textile mills, apparel manufacturing, footwear
manufacturing, apparel and piece goods merchant wholesalers, clothing stores, shoe stores, department stores, and formal wear and costume rental.
Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment
insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of the duration of the layoff.
Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim—by
mail, telephone, or in person—for waiting-period credit or
Movement-of-work action. Employer-confirmed relocation of
work within the same company or to other companies, domes39
tically or outside the United States. Because employers may
cite more than one location to which work is moving, a layoff
event may have more than one action associated with it.
(1) “Did this layoff include your company moving work
from this location(s) to a different geographic location(s)
within your company?”
Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations
specifically associated with movement-of-work actions.
(2) “Did this layoff include your company moving work
that was performed in house by your employees to a different
company, through contractual arrangements?”
Separations. The total number of people laid off in an extended mass-layoff event for more than 30 days, according
to the employer.
A “yes” response to either question is followed by:
“Is the location inside or outside of the United States?”
and “How many of the layoffs were a result of this relocation?”
Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single-unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit
establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are
closed or are planned to be closed with no employer expectation of recall.
Layoff actions are classified as “overseas relocation” if
the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2, and if
the employer indicates that the location(s) was outside of the
United States. Domestic relocation is determined if the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates
that the location(s) was within the United States.
After the interviewer asks the movement-of-work questions, he or she asks questions regarding recall expectations
and open/closed status of the worksite.
The MLS program uses a range to report separations associated with movement of work. The data provided by respondents on the number of separations associated with specific movement of work actions establish a lower bound. The
upper bound is the total number of separations in extended
mass layoff events in which there was some movement of
work. The difference between the lower and upper bounds includes an unknown number of separations that were not due
to movement of work and an unknown number of separations
from movement-of-work actions for which employers could
not provide detail.
Movement-of-work concepts and questions
Because of the employer interview component, BLS decided
to use the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional information on offshoring and outsourcing associated
with job loss, by adding questions that address movement
of work. The term “moving work” means that the company
experiencing the layoff has reassigned work activities that
were performed at a worksite by the company’s employees
(1) to another worksite within the company; (2) to another
company under formal arrangements at the same worksite; or
(3) to another company under formal arrangements at another
worksite. The type of work activities subject to movement
can include accounting, customer service, cleaning, warehousing, etc.
“Overseas relocation” is the movement of work from
within the United States to locations outside of the United
States. “Overseas relocation” can occur within the same company and involve movement of work to a different location
of that company outside of the United States, or to a different
company altogether.
“Domestic relocation” is the movement of work to other
locations inside the United States, either within the same
company or to a different company.
“Overseas relocation” and “domestic relocation” are no
longer used in the same way as they were in earlier extended mass layoff reports. Therefore, the data presented in this
report are not comparable to those which were presented in
earlier reports.
Questions on movement of work and location are asked
for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation
is other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period.” Seasonal
and vacation layoff events are excluded because movement
of work appears unlikely.
Questions on movement of work are asked after the State
analyst verifies that a layoff in fact occurred and lasted more
than 30 days, and after he or she obtains the total number of
workers separated from jobs, the date the layoff began, and
the economic reason for the layoff. If the reason for the layoff
is anything other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period,”
the employer is asked the following:
Reliability of the data
The identification of establishments and layoff events in the
MLS program and associated characteristics of claimants is
based on administrative data on covered establishments and
unemployment insurance claims and, therefore, is not subject
to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling errors
such as typographical errors may occur but are not likely to
be significant. Although the MLS establishments and layoff
events are not subject to sampling error, and all such employers are asked the employer interview questions, the employer
responses are subject to nonsampling error. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the inability to
obtain information for all respondents, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and
errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For
2007, outright refusal to participate in the employer interview
accounted for 3.6 percent of all private nonfarm events. In
99 instances, employers were included in the total number of
actions entailing movement of work but did not provide the
number of separations specifically associated with the movement of work. Out-of-country moves were involved in 24 of
these instances.
40
Material in this report is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The information in this report is available to sensory-impaired indi-
viduals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-7828; Federal
Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. E-mail address: mlsinfo@
bls.gov.
41