Video Ready Mobile
Networks
Peter Gaspar
Consulting System Engineer
December 2011
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Cisco Confidential
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• Market Recap
• Video in Mobile Transport
• Optimized Video
• Monetizing Video
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More Mobile Devices
> 5.6B devices
> 1.5B M2M Nodes
Enhanced
Computing
Mobile Outgrows Fixed 3.3X
Faster Mobile Data
2,600%
Increase in
Mobile Data
Traffic from
2010–2015 *
10-fold Speed Increase
More Rich Media
& Content
Video grows to 66% of
mobile data
* Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Forecast, 2010–2015
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92% CAGR 2010–2015
7,000
6,000
Petabytes / Month
5,000
4,000
1.5%
4.7%
6.1%
Mobile VoIP
Mobile Gaming
Mobile M2M
Mobile P2P
Mobile Web/Data
Mobile Video
21.0%
3,000
66.4%
2,000
1,000
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
* Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Forecast, 2010–2015
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Monetization
New revenue streams
Traffic
Profitability
Revenue
Optimization
Efficient delivery
Cisco Confidential
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6
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Multiple Interworked Networks
Converged Core
MPLS
Frame-Relay
ATM
Ethernet
RPR
Metro
MPLSTDM
Internet
DSL
• Often connection oriented
• End-to-end provisioning
• Scalability issues
• Capex intensive
• Less Opex efficient
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• Mostly connectionless
• IP/MPLS aware end-to-end
• Reduced provision replication
• Highly scalable
• More Capex and OPEX efficient
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3G Release 6 : MBMS
Portal, DRM
Core IP
RAN
Content Provider
n handsets
(in m cells)
m cells
p SGSN
1 GGSN
Existing GPRS Model
n GTP tunnels
n GTP tunnels
1 stream
With MBMS
m GTP tunnels
(m < n)
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p GTP tunnels
(p < m < n)
1 stream
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E-MBMS
• MBSFN is for delivering services like Mobile TV using LTE
• Transmission happens from a time-synchronized set of
eNBs using the same resource block
• Over-the-air combining improve the Signal-to-Interference plus Noise-Ratio
(SINR)
UE
eNB
eBM-SC
E-MBMS
Gateway
MBMS
packet
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
PHY
PHY
SYNC
SYNC
TNL
TNL
MBMS
packet
TNL
M1
SYNC: Protocol to synchronise
data used to generate a certain
radio frame
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MBMS with EPS with E-UTRAN and UTRAN
IP Mulicast distribution (SSM)
MME
M3
E-UTRAN Uu
UE
Sm
E-UTRAN
MBMS
GW
M1
Uu
UE
Iu
UTRAN
PDN
Gateway
SGi
SGmb
BM-SC
Content Provider
SGi-mb
Sn
SGSN
GTP-U Unicast distribution
(for RNC not supporting Multicast)
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MBMS with EPS with E-UTRAN and UTRAN
IP Mulicast distribution (SSM)
Multicast mode will result in an IGMP from the UE that will result
in the eNB dynamically joining the multicast tree when necessary
MME
M3
E-UTRAN Uu
UE
E-UTRAN
PDN
Gateway
Sm
SGi
SGmb
MBMS
BM-SC
GW as the
dynamic
the eNB will
SGi-mb
Content Provider
Broadcast modeM1
is less
be requested
to join the multicast tree via centralised functions (MBMS
Iu
Sn
GW/BM-SC)
Uu
UE
UTRAN
SGSN
GTP-U Unicast distribution
This functionality mandates the support of Multicast (more
(forSource
RNC not
supporting
Multicast)
specifically
Specific
Multicast)
in the RAN backhaul
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Extract from “3GPP TS 23.401 V8.3.0 (2008-09)”
Access
Layer
Pre-Aggregation
Layer
Aggregation
Layer
Core
Layer
MME GW
SGW
SGW
PDN GW
S1-u
S11
X2
S1-c
SGW to PGW
MME GW
Pre-aggregation site
i.e. CO or Radio agg.
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Aggregation site
i.e. RNC site
Core site
i.e. MSC site
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Extract from “3GPP TS 23.401 V8.3.0 (2008-09)”
Access
Layer
Pre-Aggregation
Layer
Aggregation
Layer
Core
Layer
EPS bearer uniquely identifies traffic flows that receive a common
QoS treatment between a UE and a PDN GW
MME GW
An EPS bearer is the level of granularity for bearer level QoS control
in the EPC/E-UTRAN
SGW
SGW
PDN GW
One EPS bearer is established when the UE connects to a PDN
called a default bearer.
S1-u
S11
X2
S1-c
SGW to PGW
Any additional EPS bearer that is established to the same PDN is
MME GW
referred to as a dedicated bearer.
Pre-aggregation site
i.e. CO or Radio agg.
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Aggregation site
i.e. RNC site
Core site
i.e. MSC site
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QoS Profile parameters
EPS bearer QoS profile includes the parameters:
• GBR - bit rate that can be expected to be provided by a GBR bearer
• MBR - limits the bit rate to be expected to be provided by a GBR bearer
• ARP - whether a bearer establishment/mod. request can be accepted
• QCI - A QCI is a scalar that controls bearer level packet forwarding. The
current specifications have defined 9 QCI values (3GPP TS 23.203)
UL Service Data Flows
DL Service Data Flows
Radio Bearer
UL-TFT → RB-ID
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S1 Bearer
RB-ID ↔ S1-TEID
(QCI ↔ DSCP)
S5/S8 Bearer
S1-TEID ↔ S5/S8-TEID
(QCI ↔ DSCP)
DL-TFT → S5/S8- TEID
(QCI ↔ DSCP)
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QoS Profile parameters
The LTE Standards doesn’t make allowances for contention in the
EPS bearer QoS profile
includes
the parameters:
underlying
transport
infrastructure
• GBR - bit rate that can be expected to be provided by a GBR bearer
• MBRThe
- limits
the bitbackhaul
rate to be
expected
becontented
providedand
by may
a GBR
underlying
technology
willtobe
be bearer
involve establishment/mod.
adaptive techniques i.e.
AMR can be accepted
• ARP - whether a bearer
request
• QCI - A QCI is a scalar that controls bearer level packet forwarding. The
current
specifications
have
defined
9 QCILatency
values queues
(3GPP should
TS 23.203)
Traffic
Prioritisation and
Dual
priority/Low
be
supported for 3GPP compliance
UL Service Data Flows
DL Service Data Flows
Hierarchical multi-layer QoS profiles to be supported for multiple bearers
Radio Bearerwith GBR & MBR
S1 Bearer
S5/S8 Bearer
parameters
RB-ID ↔ S1-TEID
(QCI ↔ DSCP)
DL-TFT → S5/S8- TEID
(QCI ↔ DSCP)
Issues
with
mapping of QCI Parameters (9
values)
in L2 environments
S1-TEID
↔ S5/S8-TEID
UL-TFT
→ RB-ID
(QCI ↔ DSCP)
with insufficient 802.1p bits
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Control & Data Plane Protocol Stacks
eNB - MME
SGW - PGW
UE- PGW
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MME- SGW
eNB - SGW
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Control & Data Plane Protocol Stacks
eNB - MME
SGW - PGW
MME- SGW
SCTP has built-in recovery technique & requires path diversity for switchover
~700msec (In 3GPP R4 networks)
GTP has inherent Path management messages & timers i.e. Echo Request
Interval/Echo Response Interval (15s+)
UE- PGW
eNB - SGW
Need mechanisms like VRRP/HSRP, BGP PIC, MPLS FRR, IGP Fast
convergence, BFD which are used at IP layer for faster convergence i.e. 50300msec
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Tight SLAs for CE/MPLS Infrastructure
• Service Recovery = Protection (super-fast) and Restoration (fast)
• IP/MPLS fast convergence baseline has improved dramatically
IGP Fast Convergence (FC) broke the barrier of <200msec restoration time
Powerful and simple baseline tool for all L2 and L3 services, covering multiple failures
Combined with BGP PIC* ensures fast convergence for IP/IPVPN service edge
It is simple – a built-in property of the IP/MPLS network
• Protection with IP Fast ReRoute (FRR)
Tool to improve on IGP FC for some topologies (e.g. Two-plane designs)
Provides local protection with <50msec recovery
• Protection with MPLS TE FRR
Local Link and Node Protection for deterministic <50msec recovery
Seamless service restoration (make-before-break)
* BGP PIC – BGP
Prefix Independent
Convergence
Applies to all transit MPLS link and node failures
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Mobile Transport Hierarchy
BTS
RNC
BSC
NxT1/E1
MSC
IMA
SGSN
Node B
IP/MPLS
L3VPN
GGSN
MSC
Ethernet
NodeB
Ethernet
NodeB
Access
Last-mile
Small aggregation sites
Mostly Microwave transport
Limited traffic volumes
No redundancies or ring
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Aggregation
Core
Higher capacities
Redundancies
Partially meshed interconnections
Different transport technologies
Often includes wireline services
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IP/MPLS
PBB-TE (802.1ah,
802.1Qay)
MPLS-TP
T-MPLS
Multiservice
Yes (including
L3VPN, ATM,
TDM)
Ethernet L2 only
L2 only
L2 only
Switching
capacity
High
High
High
High
Interoperability
Yes
Limited
Limited
No
Transport
Any
Ethernet Only
Any
Any
Any-to-Any
Yes
No
No
No
Multicast
Yes
No
No
No
Core Interop
Native
L2 to L3 handover
needed in Core
L2 to L3 handover No
needed in Core
Service
distribution
L3VPN,GGSN
SAE/PDN
No
No
No
Maturity
Mature
Early adoption
Early adoption
No standard
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E-UTRAN
Access
Layer
Cell Site
Fibre
Dot1q/QnQ/REP
PWE3/MPLS-TP
Dot1q/QnQ/REP
PWE3/MPLS-TP
Pre-Aggregation
Layer
GE Ring
E-PC
Aggregation
Layer
SGW
PDN
GW
Backbone
Layer
10 GE Ring
MPLS VPN Half Duplex (L3VPN)
MPLS VPN (L3 VPN)
MME
Core Application i.e. SGW,
MME, eMBMS
X2 Traffic (inter-NodeB)
Optional
Dot1q/QnQ/REP
PWE3/MPLS-TP
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E-Line (L2 VPN)
Management traffic for initial
setup and configuration
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• Video will make significant share of mobile traffic
• Video can be optimize without loosing the information value
• Optimization for better user experience
Video adapted to the network quality
Right size for the screen
Less packet-loss through localization of content
Service independence of access
• Optimization for CAPEX/OPEX reduction
Up to 45% less traffic
Up to 30% less RAN costs
Reduced churn rate
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TCP, HTTP, Transrating, Pacing
Potential reduction of up to 15% in video traffic
30%
25%
45%
Potential reduction of 30-50% in non-compressed text pages
Downlink data reduction potentially up to 25%
Trans
Rating
Pacing
HTTP
Data and Video
Tsunami
TCP
App
App
OS
OS
Data Center
ASR5k
IP Core
Mobile Backhaul
UE
(e)NB MWR2941
•
•
•
•
7600
ASR9k
ASR9k
CRS-1
Internet
Superior user experience
Superior mobile bandwidth utilization
Solutions for both data and video
In-line capabilities reduce Opex and additional 30-40% over external solutions
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Video / Data
Better video experience at lower cost
Distributed
IP
RAN
Distributed
ASR 5K
Mobile Video Gateway
(MVG)
Cisco ASR 5000:
• Control point for
video optimization
• Policy assignment
• Better mobile video experience for
end users
• Less cost and more revenues for
operators
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Central
Central
Local
Cache
OTT
Internet
Library
Cache
Cisco Content
Delivery System
CDN:
• Catalog distribution
• Content prepositioning
UCS
Content
Adaptation
Engine
(CAE)
Walled
Garden
VOD
Broadcast
Cisco UCS:
• Transcoding
offline
• Transrating
• Catalog
management
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Diameter
AAA and PCRF
Distributed
RADIUS
RAN
MWR
ASR 9000
Video and Net Adapt
Policy Enforcement
Mobile Video Gateway 1
(MVG)
Distributed
Central
Local
Cache
Central
OTT
Internet
CDS
Manager
Internet
Offload
Service
Router
Distributed
RAN
MWR
ASR 9000
Video and Net Adapt
Policy Enforcement
Mobile Video Gateway 2
(MVG)
Local
Cache
Library
Cache
Content
Delivery
Network
(CDS)
Cisco CDS
Catalog distribution
Content prepositioning
Content
Adaptation
Engine
(CAE)
Walled
Garden
VoD
Broadcast
Cisco Unified
Computing System™
Transcoding Offline
transrating Catalog
management
Cisco® ASR 5000
Video edge functions
Policy assignment
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Diameter
Distributed
AAA and PCRF
RADIUS
RAN
MWR
ASR 9000
Video and Net Adapt
Policy Enforcement
• Video pacing: Reduce unwatched
video downloads
Mobile Video Gateway 1
(MVG)
• TCP optimization: Dynamically
adjust TCP parameters to reduce
traffic and better user experience
Internet
Offload
Distributed
RAN
MWR
ASR 9000
• Online transrating: Reduce video
bandwidth in real time by
removing frames
Video and Net Adapt
Policy Enforcement
Mobile Video Gateway 2
(MVG)
Cisco® ASR 5000
Video edge functions
Policy assignment
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• Video traffic steering (DPI): Steer
only video traffic into video
solution to reduce load
• Profile management (policy):
Select optimal video content
based on device, user policy, and
network
• HTTP proxy: Manage redirection
to optimal video content
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RAN
MWR
ASR 9000
Internet
Offload
• Bulk transcoding: Transforms
video codec to optimize for device
• Bulk transrating: Reduces video
bandwidth in background by
decoding and reencoding
MWR
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ASR 9000
OTT
Internet
• Transwrapping: Transforms video
file type to optimize for device
• Catalog management: Delivers
optimal versions of video based
on device, user policy, and
network
RAN
Central
Content
Adaptation
Engine
(CAE)
Walled
Garden
VoD
Broadcast
• Video streaming preparation:
Segments content for adaptive bit
rate streaming
Cisco Unified
Computing System™
Transcoding Offline
transrating Catalog
management
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AAA and PCRF
• Central caching: Stores
Instrumented
transcoded
content to prevent
RAN
retranscoding
MWR
Distributed
Central
ASR 9000
• Distributed caching: Moves
transcoded content closer to
user
Local
Cache
CDS
Manager
• Catalog distribution: Delivers
Internet versions of video
optimal
Offload
based
on device, user policy,
and network
• Content pre-positioning:
Moves transcoded content to
optimal location
Instrumented
RANstreaming: Supports
• Video
bit rate streaming
MWR adaptive
ASR 9000
Service
Router
Local
Cache
Library
Cache
Content
Delivery
Network
(CDS)
Cisco CDS
Catalog distribution
Content pre-positioning
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Mobile Videoscape
Potential
Cost
Savings
Up To
$800M
Enable
New
Services
e.g.,
$250M
Premium
HD
• Reduces RAN costs up to 30%
Optimized mobile video
experience
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• Up to $1B ROI over 5 Years
• Based on 17M subscriber network
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Control
Gain New Revenues with Bandwidth on Demand
What’s the Opportunity?
• Upgrade QoS on-demand when accessing specific
applications
How Will This Impact My Business?
• New revenues from users upgrading QoS on demand
Upgrade quality for $1.99?
• Higher uptake of upgrades when “in service”
• Expose chargeable API for OTT apps
Why Cisco?
• Integrated Charging, Application Detection & Control,
Traffic Optimization, and Policy Enforcement lowers
OpEx and accelerates Time-to-Market
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Quality upgraded
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Collaborate
New Customers and Revenues from Internet Video
What’s the Opportunity?
 Offer high quality streaming internet video
content to gain new subscribers and revenues
 Bundle with top data tier plan and forge
content partnerships
How Will This Impact My Business?
Video Content Provider
e.g., Netflix, Hulu, Sky, etc.
Cisco
ASR 5000
with Mobile
Videoscape
 New video services revenues
 Upsell higher priced Speed Tiers
 Expose chargeable API for OTT
Why Cisco?
 Integrated Charging, Application Detection
and Control, Traffic Optimization, and Policy
Enforcement lowers OpEx and accelerates
Time-to-Market
 Cisco Mobile Videoscape solution
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Application Charging and Policing
• Deep packet inspection
Layer 4
Transactional
Mediation
Rating
Pre-paid
Post-paid
RADIUS, DIAMETER
Layer 7
• Charging per application
Volume
Time
Event
• Policy enforcement per application
Throughput limitation
QoS enforcement
Redirect
Content Blocking
Chargeable traffic
Category 1 (e.g. URL1 traffic)
Category 2 (e.g. e-mail traffic)
Non-chargeable traffic
Data Session Traffic
• Inline services
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• Database of user services
• Updated by provisioning systems or
applications
• Application function
• May request special policies for particular
streams dynamicaly
• Central decision point for
user policies
• Collects information from
AAA, SPR, Applications or
PCEF
• Reacts to external events
• Can Push policies to PCEF
• Connects to IN system for balance of
pre-paid services
• Translates monetary information to traffic
volumes, time or events
• Policy and Charging Enforcement point
• Applies policies activated by PCRF
• Predefined policies or dynamic policies
• Traffic metering for
• Online charging
• Offline charging
• Fair use services
• Deep packet inspection for application
recognition
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• Receives the CDRs for post-paid
• May include service level information
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• Video as a challenge
Network load increases (LTE allows for higher capacities)
Multicast services
SLAs (Packet loss, failover times etc.)
• Video as an opportunity
Any-screen services
Monetization models (Turbo Button, High Quality Video etc.)
• Network must have specific capabilities to address the
Video traffic efficiently (Multicast, QoS, Optimization, Policy
Control etc.)
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Thank you.
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