Cisco Expo KSA:
CCIE Voice and Advanced UC
Ben Ng, Product Mgr, L@C CCIE Exam Team
Dec 6th, 2011
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CCIE Voice Overview
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CCIE Voice Overview
 CCIE Voice certification recognizes experts with the highest level
of technical knowledge and hands-on experience in building,
configuring, and troubleshooting a Cisco Unified
Communications solution
 CCIE Voice exams covers the technologies and applications that are
commonly deployed in Cisco Unified Communications networks
 Introduced in September 2003
 ~1,700 in the world
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CCIE Voice Written Exam Blueprint
Major Topics Covered:
 Infrastructure Protocols
 QoS
 Cisco Unified Communications
Manager
 Operations and Network
Management
 IOS IP Telephony: Cisco
Unified Communications
Manager Express and Cisco
Unity Express
 UC Security
 Telephony Protocols (Analog
and Digital, H.323, MGCP,
SCCP, SIP, etc.)
 Presence
 Cisco Unified Contact Center
Express
 Unified Messaging
Detailed CCIE Voice Written Blueprint on Cisco Learning Network
(CLN) Webpage:
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-8552
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CCIE Voice Lab Exam Overview
 An 8-hour, hands-on, 100-point lab exam; candidates must score 80
or above to pass
 Candidate builds, troubleshoots, and optimizes a voice network to
supplied specifications on a provided Voice equipment rack
 Physical cabling is done. IP routing protocol (OSPF), and WAN
(Frame Relay) are preconfigured
 Unified Communications applications are installed, with some preconfiguration of basic tasks, such as device registration and baseline
application integrations
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CCIE Voice Lab Blueprint (I)
Implement and Troubleshoot:
 Campus Infrastructure and Services
 CUCM and CUCME Endpoints
 Voice Gateways
 Call Routing Policies
 High Availability Features
 Media Resources
 QoS and Call Admission Control
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CCIE Voice Lab Blueprint (II)
Implement and Troubleshoot:
 QoS and Call Admission Control
 Supplementary Services
 Other CUCM Voice Applications
 Cisco Unified Contact Center Express
 Voicemail Messaging
 Cisco Unified Presence
Detailed CCIE Voice Lab Blueprint Is on the CLN website:
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-5281
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CCIE Voice Lab Equipment
 Cisco MCS-7845 Media Convergence Servers
 Cisco 3825 Series Integrated Services Routers (ISR)
 Cisco 2821 Series Integrated Services Routers (ISR)
 ISR Modules and Interface Cards
VWIC2-1MFT-T1/E1
PVDM2
HWIC-4ESW-POE
NME-CUE
 Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches
 IP Phones (7965) and Soft Clients
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CCIE Voice Lab Software
 Cisco Unified Communications Manager 7.0
 Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 7.0
 Cisco Unified Contact Center Express 7.0
 Cisco Unified Presence 7.0
 Cisco Unity Connection 7.0
 All routers use IOS version 12.4T Train.
 Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Switches uses 12.2 Main Train
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CCIE Voice Lab Rack Access
Candidate Workstation
Candidate Rack
Candidate PC
Exam
Routers
10/100/1000
LAN
HTTPS,
SSH,
VNC,
and/or
Terminal
Service
Candidate
Telephony
Endpoints
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Comm
Server
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Stand-alone
Server
Msgs
Exam
Servers
DIR
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CCIE Voice Lab Sample Topology
Stand-alone
Server
Msgs
DIR
CUCM
Cluster
Router/
Gateway
T1
Router/
Gateway
T1
PSTN
FR
E1
FR
Headquarters
IP WAN
Branch Office B
CUCME Router/
Gateway
FR
Branch Office C
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Troubleshooting in CCIE Voice
Lab Exam
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Troubleshooting Prerequisite and Methodology
1
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
2
3
4
5
Identify the Issue
Narrow the Scope
Collect Information
Analyze Data
Problem Resolution
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CCIE Lab Troubleshooting
Case Study
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CCIE Lab Troubleshooting Case Study:
Lab Sample Question
HQ IP Phone users have reported that occasionally when they
call PSTN numbers, they can’t hear anything for a few
seconds. Collect traces and find out the reason for this
delay, you must support your findings with trace analysis.
4 points
HQ
CUCM
PRI
PSTN
V
A
WAN
WAN Router
Voice
Gateway
Branch
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1
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)
 Media Gateway (MG) contains “simple” endpoints, which can be
either analog voice-ports (FXS/FXO/E&M) or digital (T1-PRI/T1-CAS)
voice trunks
 Call intelligence of these endpoints are provided by Media Gateway
Controller (MGC) or Call Agent (CA),
in our case, the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
 Master/Slave relationship between MGC/CA and MG
 MGCP messages are sent over IP/UDP between MGC and MG—
signaling plane
 Voice traffic is carried over IP/RTP—data plane
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1
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
MGCP Endpoints
 Endpoints are voice ports on a MGCP gateway
 Analog Endpoint Identifier
AALN/S1/SU0/[email protected]: the endpoint is voice port 1/0/0 on a
gateway with hostname of MGCP-GWY and domain name of cisco.com
 Digital Endpoint Identifier
S1/ds1-0/[email protected]: the endpoint is
b-channel #1 on T1 controller 1/0 on a gateway with hostname of MGCP-GWY and
domain name of cisco.com
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1
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
MGCP Messages (UDP Port 2427)
 End Point Configuration
EPCF (CA  EP)
 Create Connection
CRCX (CA  EP)
 Modify Connection
MDCX (CA  EP)
 Delete Connection
DLCX (CA <-> EP)
 Notification Request
RQNT (CA  EP)
 Notify
NTFY (CA  EP)
 Audit Endpoint
AUEP (CA  EP)
 Audit Connection
AUCX (CA  EP)
 Restart In Progress
RSIP
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1
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
MGCP Call Flow Explained (FXS):
CallManager
MGCP Gateway
(1) {Stn. Off-hook} “NTFY O: L/hd”
(2) “RQNT R: L/hu,D/[0-9*#] S:dl”
{dial-tone, send digit map}
(3) {Digit:}
“NTFY O: 4”
(4) :RQNT R: L/hu, D/[0-9*#] S:”
{Turn off dial-tone}
(5) {Digit(s)...} “NTFY O: 5”
(6) CRCX {create connection}
Turns on ring tone
.
.
(7) Ack with local RTP addr/port
(8) MDCX {modify connection,
sends remote peer RTP info}
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1
Understand UC Protocols and how it should work
MGCP: PRI Backhaul:
TDM
IP
PSTN
Q.931 Backhaul over TCP
PRI Layer 3
Layer 2
Framing
MGCP over UDP
Cisco CallManager
Call Signaling
 Framing and Layer 2 signaling terminates at the gateway
 Q.921 status and Q.931 signal backhauled to the Cisco
CallManager
 MGCP 0.1 with Cisco CallManager only
 MGCP messages over UDP, port 2427
 PRI Backhaul messages over TCP, port 2428
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
2
Identify the issue/symptoms:
HQ IP Phone users have reported that occasionally when they
call PSTN numbers, they can’t hear anything for a few
seconds. Collect traces and find out the reason for this
delay, you must support your findings with trace analysis.
4 points
 HQ IP Phones
 Outbound calls to PSTN
 IP Phones could not hear PSTN caller for a few
seconds
 This happens on some PSTN calls, not all.
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
3
Narrow the scope to the critical components
HQ
CUCM
PRI
PSTN
V
A
WAN
WAN Router
Voice
Gateway
SCCP
RTP
MGCP
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
4
Collect information
Select the
Server
Select Service
Group
Select the Service on
Which Trace Needs to
Be Enabled
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
4
Collect information
Set to Detailed
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
4
Collect information
•
RTMT is the primary serviceability interface for unified CM
•
Client Downloaded via CCMAdmin  Application  Plugins
•
Provides the following serviceability functionality
–
Monitor performance counters
–
Supports OS, unified CM application, and unity connection
–
Both live and historical counter data
–
Alert central
–
Trace and log central
–
Pre-canned screens
–
Syslog viewer
–
Device search
–
Analysis Manager
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
4
Collect information
• Real-Time Monitoring Tool:
Trace and Log Central  Remote Browse
• RMTM: Use to See
Filenames on the Servers
for One or More
Services/Applications or
System Logs or Crash
Dump Files and
Download or Delete them
Manually
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
5
Analyze Trace
CUCM sent CRCX to an endpoint:
11/22/2011 13:48:18.749 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler send msg SUCCESSFULLY to:
172.16.14.13
CRCX 107 S1/DS1-0/23@R1 MGCP 0.1
C: D0000000010000120000000000000005
M: inactive
CUCM received ACK to CRCX: in which the gateway offered RTP port number:
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler received msg from: 172.16.14.13
200 107 OK
I: 9
a=rtpmap:98 G.729a/8000
v=0
a=rtpmap:99 G.726-16/8000
o=- 9 0 IN IP4 172.16.14.13
a=rtpmap:101 G.726-24/8000
s=Cisco SDP 0
a=rtpmap:102 G.729b/8000
c=IN IP4 172.16.14.13
a=rtpmap:125 G.nX64/8000
t=0 0
a=X-sqn:0
m=audio 18712 RTP/AVP 0 8 98 99 101 2 102 18 125
a=X-cap: 1 image udptl t38
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
5
Analyze Trace
CUCM sends out Q931 Setup Msg through the BackHaul Link:
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Out Message -- PriSetupMsg -- Protocol= PriNi2Protocol
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie - Ni2BearerCapabilityIe IEData= 04 03 80 90 A2
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie - Q931ChannelIdIe IEData= 18 03 A9 83 97
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie - Q931CallingPartyIe IEData= 6C 06 00 80 32 30 30 31
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|Ie - Q931CalledPartyIe IEData= 70 08 80 34 32 33 37 36
31 38
11/22/201113:48:18.779 Cisco CallManager|IsdnMsgData2= 08 02 00 05 05 04 03 80 90 A2 18 03 A9
83 97 6C 06 00 80 32 30 30 31 70 08 80 34 32 33 37 36 31 38
Gateway backhauls Q931 Call_Proceeding to CUCM:
11/22/201113:48:18.829 Cisco CallManager|In Message -- PriCallProceedingMsg -- Protocol=
PriNi2Protocol
11/22/201113:48:18.829 Cisco CallManager|Ie - Q931ChannelIdIe -- IEData= 18 03 A9 83 97
11/22/201113:48:18.829 Cisco CallManager|IsdnMsgData1= 08 02 80 05 02 18 03 A9 83 97 |
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
5
Analyze Trace
CUCM told IP phone to get ready to receive audio:
11/22/201113:48:18.849 Cisco CallManager|StationD: 6e5da08 OpenReceiveChannel
CUCM send MDCX to gateway:
11/22/201113:48:18.849 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler send msg SUCCESSFULLY to:
172.16.14.13
MDCX 108 S1/DS1-0/23@R1 MGCP 0.1
C: D0000000010000120000000000000005
I: 9
X: 17
L: p:20, a:PCMU, s:off
M: recvonly
R: D/[0-9ABCD*#]
Q: process,loop
CUCM resend MDCX to gateway:
11/22/201113:48:21.929 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler TransId: 108 Timedout Retry#1
11/22/201113:48:25.132 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler TransId: 108 Timedout Retry#2
11/22/201113:48:25.132 Cisco CallManager|MGCPHandler received msg from: 172.16.14.13
200 108 OK
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Troubleshooting Step-by-step
5
Analyze Trace
Why Was the Modify Connection (MDCX) Retransmitted?
 MGCP is UDP-based and therefore handles
retransmissions at the application layer
 Each MGCP message must be acknowledged
 CallManager will wait until the “MGCP timer” expires
(configured in CallManager service parameters in
CallManager administration)
 MGCP gateway did not send an acknowledgement to
the MGCP message
 Nearly all cases of MGCP message retransmissions
are due to packet loss in the Network
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CCIE Preparation Resources
and Tips
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Exam Preparation (I)
Getting Started
 Use exam blueprint on the Cisco Learning Network (CLN)
(learningnetwork.cisco.com) page as your guide
 Evaluate and determine your knowledge level and hands-on
experience in the major topic areas: exam topic check-lists are
available for each track (downloadable from CLN)
 Formulate a realistic study plan according to you own work/personal
schedule, also customize it according to your technical strength
and weaknesses
 Don’t spend all your time and focus on collecting the exact replica of
the lab equipment rack
 Seek advise, from other CCIE Voice certified engineers, on
preparation plans and tips
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Lab Exam Preparation (II)
Study and Practice
 Books
No single “All-in-One” book that covers it all; use the suggested book list
as an reference and stay informed about any upcoming books.
 Online reading resources
Abundant online documentations, write papers, and articles on
www.cisco.com which compliments any books on latest technical
developments
Develop a habit of utilizing and navigating the Cisco on-line documentation
at http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/psa/default.html?mode=prod
 Online forums and Study Groups
Online forums and study groups on the Cisco Learning Network at
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com are excellent sources to seek technical
supports and encouragements on questions that arise during your study
process
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Voice Lab Exam Preparation (III)
Study and Practice (Cont.)
 Practice labs and scenarios
1. You don’t need the exact lab replica to learn
2. Use the equipment which you have access to and learn each
technology thoroughly
3. Form study groups to exchange ideas and share equipment
4. Go beyond configuration, learn to debug and troubleshoot
5. Stay with real world, applicable scenarios
6. Focus on learning the technologies instead of learning only
what you think (or what you’ve been told) is on the lab exam
7. Stay aware and informed on up-coming new features
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Voice Lab Exam Preparation (IV)
Study and Practice (Cont.)
 Trainings and bootcamps
1. To get the most out of trainings and bootcamps, learn as
much material as you could _before_ you attend them
2. Leverage bootcamps for practice time on hard-to-get
equipments
3. Leverage bootcamps to enhance your in-depth knowledge
and hands-on skills on various technologies
4. Leverage bootcamps to gauge you technical and mental
readiness to take the lab exam
5. Don’t attend bootcamps to learn the test
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Exam Tips and
Test-Taking Strategies
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Lab Exam Tips: Pre-Lab
Before Your Lab Exam:
 Visit lab test site the day before
 Don’t schedule flights too close to the
end of the exam: you should be thinking about the exam instead of
catching your flight
 Avoid last minute lab material cramp
 Get some sleep the night before the exam
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Lab Exam Tips: In-Lab
Think the 4 “C”s:




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Calm
Careful
Confident
Courteous
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Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Understanding Exam Requirements:
 Read the entire exam first
 Read the questions very carefully: every word is in there for a reason.
 Don’t assume requirements that aren’t mentioned in a question
 Some questions have multiple solutions, unless the test explicitly
asked you to use one versus another, all are valid
 Excessive configurations are generally ignored during grading,
unless they interfere with expected solution
 Ask the proctor for clarification
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Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Time Management:
 Use question point values to judge time
 Know time-saving configuration techniques
 Know when to move on – don’t spend too much time on a single task,
no matter how important you think it is
 If you suspect hardware issues, notify the proctor immediately
 Don’t make any drastic changes towards the end of lab exam
 Save your configuration frequently
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Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Verification:
 Verify, verify, verify, and verify again
 Some prefer to verify after each question, others like to verify until
they finish the whole test. It’s a matter of personal preference
 Verify against all requirements – not just basic functionalities.
 Makes notes and check-lists
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Lab Exam Tips In-Lab (Cont.):
Troubleshoot:
 Troubleshooting skill is often the difference between failing and
passing
 Know what and where to look for debugs and traces
 Look out for those seemingly “invisible” typos
 Remember the test lab is not your home lab – addressing scheme is
different
 Troubleshooting is important but don’t spend all your time on one
problem
 Don’t let a unresolved problem impact your confidence
 Again, seek the proctor’s assistance
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For More Information
 Beware of rumors!
 Visit the CCIE web page at: www.cisco.com/go/ccie
 Support: www.cisco.com/go/certsupport
 Post-lab Email: [email protected]
 Cheating: [email protected]
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Q and A
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Thank you.
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