Public Disclosure Authorized
WPS3643
A “Research” Database on
Infrastructure
Economic Performance*
Public Disclosure Authorized
Antonio Estache
AnaGoicoechea
INFVP
Public Disclosure Authorized
Abstract:
Estache and Goicoechea present an infrastructure database that was assembled from
multiple sources. Its main purposes are: (i) to provide a snapshot of the sector as of the
end of 2004; and (ii) to facilitate quantitative analytical research on infrastructure sectors.
The working paper includes definitions, source information and the most recent data
available for 37 performance indicators that proxy access, affordability and quality of
service. Additionally, the database includes a snapshot of 15 reform indicators across
infrastructure sectors.
Public Disclosure Authorized
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3643, June 2005
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to
encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get
the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry
the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and
conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily
represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.
Policy Research Working Papers are available online at http://econ.worldbank.org.
* The research database wouldn’t have been possible without the input of Cecilia Briceno-Garmendia at the design stage. We are also
grateful to many colleagues at the African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, AFD,
KfW and the World Bank as well as colleagues in many of the countries covered by the database for their kind support in generating
the information. We are particularly grateful to Inger Andersen, Lorenzo Bertolini, Jaime Biderman, Yusupha Crookes, David
Cieslikowky, Katarina Gassner, Nigel Ings, Mukami Kariuki, Anat Lewin, Augustin Mapapa Mbangala, Kyran O’Sullivan, Eustache
Ouayoro, Fatimata Ouedraogo, Gylfi Palsson, Gary Stuggins, Gaetane Tracz, Lourdes Trujillo, Meike van Ginneken, Richard
Verspyck, Quentin Wodon and Christine Zhen-Wei for suggestions in the development of this database. The data reported here are
correct to the best of our knowledge. Please report any mistake or any new information to [email protected].
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1
2. THE DATABASE ...................................................................................... 2
2.1 SECTOR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ......................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Energy ......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Water & Sanitation ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Information and Communication Technology .......................................................................... 8
2.1.4 Transport ................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 INSTITUTIONAL REFORM INDICATORS ...................................................................... 13
2.2.1 Electricity................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Water & Sanitation ................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.3 Information and Communication Technology ........................................................................ 16
2.2.4 Transport ................................................................................................................................... 17
3. LIMITATIONS......................................................................................... 18
3.1 DATA RELIABILITY .................................................................................................. 18
3.2 COVERAGE ............................................................................................................... 18
3.3 INSTITUTIONS ........................................................................................................... 18
4. WHERE TO GET MOST OF THE DATA.............................................. 19
5. REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 20
APPENDIX 1: ENERGY DATA BY COUNTRY ...................................... 23
APPENDIX 2: WATER & SANITATION DATA BY COUNTRY........... 45
APPENDIX 3: ICT DATA BY COUNTRY ................................................ 58
APPENDIX 4: TRANSPORT DATA BY COUNTRY ............................. 101
APPENDIX 5: INSTITUTIONAL REFORM DATA BY COUNTRY .... 138
1. Introduction
This paper presents a database put together to allow economic performance
benchmarking of infrastructure sectors1. The database brings together in a single
document multiple sources of information on sector specific performance indicators and
offers new data on the institutional characteristics of the sector. It is ultimately intended
to also facilitate analytical assessments of sectors’ economic health.
The data collected focus on four basic policy areas:
• access
• affordability
• quality
• institutional reform
The database reports as much information as possible on these four policy areas
for 207 countries. It was organized in a systematic manner to facilitate policy analysis
and research, providing a service-oriented view of the sector with emphasis on the needs
of residential users, and complementing recent survey efforts generating information on
the investment climate.
The data are from publicly available sources and experts in international
organizations. The main sources are Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Global
Competitiveness Report (GCR), International Energy Agency (IEA), International
Telecommunications Union (ITU), World Health Organization (WHO), and World
Development Indicators (WDI). We have also been able to rely on data generated by
published academic research. Whenever possible we have validated the data by crossreferencing multiple sources and consulting with staff at international organizations to
double, and sometimes triple, check the data.
This is a first attempt, since the effort made in the World Development Report
1994, at generating a database on infrastructure sectors and it needs to be recognized as
such. This database is not a state of the art output—this is being worked on by sector
experts on a different time table. The effort has however generated a significant amount
of new information. The database already provides enough information to launch a much
more quantitative debate on the state of infrastructure. But much more is needed and by
circulating this information at this stage, we hope to be able to generate feedback and fill
the major knowledge gaps and inconsistencies we have identified.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains how the database
is organized, presents the criteria used to select indicators, and presents definitions for
indicators included. Section 3 discusses the main limitations in terms of reliability,
coverage, and policy analysis. Section 4 presents web addresses to the most useful
sources we have relied on.
1
The database is based on the design described in Briceño-Garmendia and Goicoechea (2005).
1
2. The Database
The database encompasses indicators for the following infrastructure sectors:
Energy, Water and Sanitation, Transport, and Information and Communication
Technology (ICT). These indicators are grouped in two sections: the first one assesses
sector performance and the second one deals with institutional reform.
2.1 Sector Performance Indicators
Sector performance can be assessed in many ways. This database has been built
with indicators that allow assessments around outcome measures widely seen to be the
main concern for policy makers (i.e. access, affordability, and quality of service). In this
context, a particular sector is considered to improve its economic performance if access
to the service increases among the population, if the service becomes more affordable,
and/or if the quality of the service improves.
Access indicators should measure the extent to which people have the right to
obtain or make use of or take advantage of infrastructure services—it does not
necessarily mean they use the service. Almunia and Byrne in the European Commission
report on the evaluation of the performance of network industries define access through
multiple dimensions. Geographically, it captures how far the next access point is. Time
wise, it measures how frequently the service is provided or how long does it take to be
connected. Socially, it measures if all citizens have access to services, or if services are
limited to specific groups (e.g. special tariffs, families, elderly, etc.).
Affordability indicators should give a sense of the extent to which infrastructure
services are provided at a reasonable price. Ideally, measures of this outcome should tell
us the extent to which the price of a standard consumption bundle is consistent with the
ability to pay of the users. Ideally also, these measures should be gathered from
household surveys—e.g. surveys specifying the percentage of the household income or
household expenditure allocated to a specific service for different income classes. In
practice, the only information not too difficult to collect is the average or sometimes the
nominal price and occasionally, the tariff structure.
Quality indicators should encompass both qualitative and quantitative measures.
The former are perceived quality indicators collected by asking qualitative questions
(like rank from 1 to 7 the quality of the service). The latter are technical quality
indicators with a low degree of discretion involved; usually reported by the utilities or
providers. Examples are electric outages or reported phone faults.
There are other outcomes that were considered relevant to the performance of a
particular sector in order to support analytical research. Examples are: cost and economic
efficiency, financial autonomy, and fiscal costs. As only a few indicators are reported by
public sources (mainly for ICT) and coverage remains extremely low, these indicators
2
were not included in the database at this stage. Additionally, these outcomes need to be
further developed and better defined.
Table 1 presents an overview of the number of indicators available for each
performance outcome by sector. Note that these figures do not imply that data are
available for all countries for each indicator. In the following sections, tables 2 to 5
present specific definitions and sources of sector performance indicators actually
included in the database. The latest observation available between 1997 and 2002 for
each indicator, as well as region and income level aggregates are reported in the
appendix. These aggregates correspond to arithmetic averages of available data. Further
effort is needed to report averages weighted by population, which would allow more
accurate comparisons.
Table 1: Number of Performance Indicators by Sector
Energy
Access
Affordability
Perceived quality
Technical quality
Total
3
1
2
1
7
Water &
Sanitation
2
1
1
4
3
ICT
Transport
5
3
4
2
14
4
2
5
1
12
2.1.1 Energy
The energy sector is relatively well covered by the database, at least in terms of
providing a relatively recent snapshot for the main policy areas. The best covered area is
access where data are available for 2000 for about 61% of the 207 countries included in
the database. The technical quality indicator is available for 60% of the countries, and at
least one of the perceived quality indicators is available for 40% of the countries. Price
information is available for about 41% of the countries, distinguishing between
residential and non residential.
Table 2: Energy Performance Indicators
ACCESS
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
1. Access to Electricity
Network
(% of population)
World Bank Energy Help
Desk. Data collected from
different household
surveys and weighted by
population.
Electricity access at the population level. It comprises
commercially sold electricity, both on-grid and off-grid.
It also includes self-generated electricity, for those
countries where access to electricity has been assessed
through surveys by government or government agencies.
The data do not capture unauthorized connections
(World Energy Outlook 2002, Annex 13.1 pag.35)
Coverage consists on data
for the year 2000 for 126
countries.
2. Households
Reporting Access to
Electricity
(% of households)
Latest observation by
country reported on table
A1-1.
Demographic and Health
Surveys (DHS): 54
countries with data.
One/three surveys per
country between 1990 and
2001.
Electricity access at the household level. Refers to the
percentage of households who answered “yes” to the
question: “does your household have electricity”? (DHS)
Rural/urban and Wealth
Group breakdown is
provided by DHS.
3. Energy Use per PPP
GDP (kg of oil
equivalent/1000 PPP
dollars, constant 2000)
Latest observation by
country reported on table
A1-2.
World Development
Indicators 2004: 121
countries, 1980-2002.
Latest observation by
country reported on table
A1-3.
4
Energy use refers to apparent consumption, which is
equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock
changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and
aircraft engaged in international transport.
(International Energy Agency, and World Bank PPP
data). Measure of energy intensity. Differences in this
ratio over time and across countries reflect in part
structural changes in the economy, changes in the energy
efficiency of particular sectors, and differences in fuel
mixes (World Health Organization. IEA, The World
Bank, WDI 2002, Table 3.8).
AFFORDABILITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
4. Electricity Average
End-User Prices
(US ¢/ kWh)
International Energy
Agency (IEA), Data
Services: 29 OECD
Countries, 1980-2003.
Organización
Latinoamericana de
Energía (OLADE),
Sistema de Información
Económica Energética
(SIEE): 25 LAC Countries,
1980-2003. Energy
Regulators Regional
Association (ERRA): 17
Central and Eastern
Europe and Eurasia
countries, 2000-2004.
South African
Development through
Electricity (SAD-ELEC):
13 Southern and East
Africa, as of February
2002. Total: 84 countries.
End-user prices include transport costs to the consumer;
are prices actually paid, i.e. net of rebates; include taxes
which have to be paid by the consumer as part of the
transaction and which are not refundable. This excludes
value added tax.
Breakdown by residential
and non-residential
customers is available.
Latest observation by
country reported on table
A1-4.
PERCEIVED QUALITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
5. Commercial
Perception of Electricity
Service (index)
World Economic Forum
Firm Level Surveys Global Competitiveness
Report 2002-2003:
82 countries, 2001 and
2002.
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of quality
services –based on a predetermined scale 1=worst 7
=best (WB INFVP). Question in survey: Rank the quality
of electricity supply in your country (in terms of lack of
interruptions and lack of voltage fluctuations 1 = it is
worse than most other countries, 7 = it is equal to the
highest in the world.
Latest observation by
country reported on table
A1-5.
6. Commercial
Perception of Public
Agency Electricity
Provider (index)
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of quality
services –based on a predetermined scale 1= worst,
7=best (WB INFVP). Question in survey: How would you
rate the quality and efficiency of power public services?
World Bank-Firm Level
Surveys, World Business
Environment Survey
2000: 79 countries,
2000.
Latest observation by
country reported on table
A1-6.
5
TECHNICAL QUALITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
7. Electric Power
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
(% total output)
World Development
Indicators 2004: 124
countries, 1980-2002.
Technical and non-technical losses. Includes electricity
losses due to operation of the system and the delivery of
electricity as well as those caused by unmetered supply.
This comprises all losses due to transport and
distribution of electrical energy and heat (WB Energy
Team). Electric power transmission and distribution
losses include losses in transmission between sources of
supply and points of distribution and in the distribution
to consumers, including pilferage (WDI).
Latest observation by
country reported on table
A1-7.
2.1.2 Water & Sanitation
Because the sector is part of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), it
enjoys a lot of effort on data generation in terms of the access rates. The WHO is the
main engine behind this effort in collaboration with the multilateral and bilateral aid
agencies. The coverage is actually quite high —some national, urban and rural
information is available for 75 to 85% of the countries— but there are significant
concerns among the research community about the fact that access rates have been
measured without much consideration to the quality of access level. The data on technical
quality are only available for 27% of the countries. There are data on perceived quality
for roughly 39% of the countries but it cannot be used to qualify the information provided
by the raw access rates (i.e. access 3 hours a day is not equivalent to access 24 hours a
day).
Table 3: Water & Sanitation Indicators
ACCESS
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
1. Access to
Improved Water
Sources
(% of population)
Joint Monitoring Programme: 163175 countries, 1990 and 2002.
"Improved" water supply technologies are:
household connection, public standpipe, borehole,
protected dug well, protected spring, rainwater
collection. Availability of at least 20 liters per
person per day from a source within one kilometer
of the user's dwelling. "Not improved" are:
unprotected well, unprotected spring, vendorprovided water, bottled water (based on concerns
about the quantity of supplied water, not concerns
over the water quality), and tanker truck-provided
water. (World Health Organization and United
Nations Children's Fund, JMP report (2004),
Geneva and New York (pp. 24-31)).
Rural/urban breakdown is provided.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A2-1.
6
2. Access to
Improved
Sanitation
(% of population)
Joint Monitoring Programme: 153160 countries, 1990 and 2002.
Rural/urban breakdown is provided.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A2-2.
"Improved" sanitation technologies are: connection
to a public sewer, connection to septic system, pourflush latrine, simple pit latrine, ventilated improved
pit latrine. The excreta disposal system is
considered adequate if it is private or shared (but
not public) and if hygienically separates human
excreta from human contact. "Not improved" are:
service or bucket latrines (where excreta are
manually removed), public latrines, latrines with
an open pit. (World Health Organization and
United Nations Children's Fund, JMP report
(2004), Geneva and New York (pp. 24-31)).
PERCEIVED QUALITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
3. Commercial
Perception of Water
Service (index)
World Bank-Firm Level Surveys,
World Business Environment
Survey 2000: 80 countries, 2000.
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality services –based on a predetermined scale 1=
worst 7=best (WB INFVP). Question in survey:
How would you rate the quality and efficiency of
water public services?
Latest observation by country
reported on table A2-3.
TECHNICAL QUALITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
4. Households Using
Piped or Well Water
as Main Source of
Drinking Water
(% of households)
Demographic and Health Surveys
(DHS): 55 countries, one/three
surveys per country between 1990
and 2002.
Percentage distribution of households according to
major source of drinking water. Question in
questionnaire asks “what is the main source of
drinking water for members of your household?
Piped, Well, Surface, Rain, Tanker Truck, Bottled,
or other” (DHS). The options Piped and Well were
aggregated to calculate this indicator.
Rural/urban breakdown is
provided.
Latest observation by country
reported on tables A2-4.
7
2.1.3 Information and Communication Technology
The ICT sector is probably the best covered among the infrastructure sub-sectors
to a large extent thanks to the fact that the International Telecommunications Union
(ITU) has taken on the responsibility to collect the data. ITU covers a wide spectrum of
activity under the communications heading and its coverage ranges from 85 to 99% for
all national access indicators. The information on prices needed to make assessments of
affordability is also quite extensive since it covers roughly 85 to 95% of the 207
countries. With respect to quality, the coverage of technical indicators is over 88% while
the information on perceived quality is only available for roughly 40% of the countries.
Table 4: ICT Performance Indicators
ACCESS
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
1. Teledensity
(total telephone
subscribers/1000
people)
ITU-ICT Indicators:
203 countries, 1980-2003.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-1.
Total telephone (fixed mainlines plus cellular)
subscribers per 1000 inhabitants (ICT Team).
2. Mainlines
Teledensity
(mainlines
subscribers/ 1000
people)
ITU-ICT Indicators: 203
countries, 1980-2003.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-2.
The number of fixed mainlines per 1000 inhabitants
(ICT Team).
Telephone mainlines are telephone lines connecting
a customer's equipment to the public switched
telephone network (WDI).
3. Cellular Teledensity
(cellular subscribers/
1000 people)
ITU-ICT Indicators: 204
countries, 1980-2003.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-3.
Refers to users of portable telephones subscribing to
an automatic public mobile telephone service which
provides access to the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN) using cellular technology. This can
include analogue and digital cellular systems but
should not include non-cellular systems.
Subscribers to fixed wireless (e.g.Wireless Local
Loop (WLL)), public mobile data services, or radio
paging services are not included. Calculated by
dividing the number of cellular mobile subscribers
by the population and multiplying by 100 (ITU).
4. Mainlines
Teledensity Outside
Largest City
(mainlines/1000
people)
ITU-ICT Indicators and WDI:
183 countries, 1980-2003.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-4.
Proxied by the difference between main telephone
lines in operation and main telephone lines in
largest city divided by the difference between total
population and population of largest city. “This
indicator captures a sense of rural access, it
subtracts the teledensity in the largest city (in %)
from the total. It's not a perfect proxy since there is
more than one large urban area, but it is widely
used in this way until a better rural measure is
available” (ICT Team).
5. Households with
Own Telephone
(% of households)
Demographic and Health
Surveys (DHS): 45 countries,
one/three surveys per country
between 1990 and 2002.
Rural/urban breakdown is
provided.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-5.
Percentage of households possessing a telephone.
Question in survey: Does your household have a
telephone? Yes/no
8
AFFORDABILITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
6. Cost of Local Phone
Call
(US cents/3 minutes)
ITU-ICT Indicators: 196
countries, 1981-2003.
Local call refers to the cost of a peak rate 3-minute
fixed line call within the same exchange area using
the subscriber's own terminal (i.e. not from a public
telephone). This indicator is expressed in US cents
(ITU-World Telecommunication Development
Report).
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-6.
7. Cost of Phone Call to
the US
(US cents/ 3 minutes)
8. Cost of Cellular
Local Call (US cents/ 3
off-peak minutes)
World Development Indicators
2004: 175 countries, 19962003.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-7.
ITU-ICT Indicators: 195
countries, 1980-2003.
Cost of international call to U.S. is the cost of a
three-minute, peak rate, fixed line call from the
country to the United States (ITU-World
Telecommunication Development Report).
Cellular - cost of 3-minute local call (off-peak).
Expressed in US cents (ITU).
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-8.
PERCEIVED QUALITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
9. Commercial
Perception of
Telephone/Fax
Infrastructure Quality
(index)
World Economic Forum- Firm
Level Surveys, Global
Competitiveness Report 20022003: 82 countries, 2001-02.
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality of services based on a predetermined scale
1= worst 7= best.
The relevant question in the GCR survey is: New
telephone lines in your business are 1= scarce and
difficult to obtain, 7= widely available and highly
reliable.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-9.
10. Commercial
Perception of
Availability of Mobile
or Cellular Telephone
(index)
World Economic Forum- Firm
Level Surveys, Global
Competitiveness Report 20022003: 82 countries, 2001-02.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-10.
11. Commercial
Perception of Internet
Access in Schools
(index)
World Economic Forum- Firm
Level Surveys, Global
Competitiveness Report 20022003: 82 countries, 2001-02.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-11.
12. Commercial
Perception of Postal
Efficiency (index)
World Economic Forum- Firm
Level Surveys, Global
Competitiveness Report 20022003: 82 countries, 2001-2002.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-12.
9
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality of services based on a predetermined scale
1= worst 7= best.
The relevant question in the GCR survey is: Mobile
or cellular telephones for your business are 1= not
available, 7= as accessible and affordable as in the
world’s most technologically advance countries.
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality of services based on a predetermined scale
1= worst 7= best.
The relevant question in the GCR survey is: Internet
access in schools is: 1= very limited, 7= pervasivemost children have frequent access.
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality of services based on a predetermined scale
1= worst 7= best.
The relevant question in the GCR survey is: Do you
trust your country‘s postal system sufficiently to
have a friend mail a small package worth US$100
to you? 1= not at all, 7= yes, trust the system
entirely.
TECHNICAL QUALITY
Indicator
13. Phone Faults
(reported faults/ 100
mainlines)
Sources and Coverage
ITU-ICT Indicators: 182
countries, 1980-2003.
14. Unmet Demand
(% of main telephone
lines in operation)
ITU-ICT Indicators: 199
countries, 1980-2003.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-13.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A3-14.
Definition
This is calculated by dividing the total number of
reported faults for the year by the total number of
main lines in operation and multiplying by 100. The
definition of fault can vary. Some countries include
faulty customer equipment. Others distinguish
between reported and actual found faults. There is
also sometimes a distinction between residential
and business lines. Another consideration is the
time period as some countries report this indicator
on a monthly basis; in these cases data are
converted to yearly estimates (ITU).
This series divides un-met applications for
connection to the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN) which have had to be held over
owing to a lack of technical facilities (equipment,
lines, etc.) by main telephone lines in operation.
This indicator refers to registered applications and
thus my not be indicative of the total unmet demand
(ICT Team).
2.1.4 Transport
The transport sector is possibly the least well covered in terms of the service
orientation of infrastructure indicators. Regarding access, network density is the closest
approximation to access to the service and is covered at a rate close to 90% for roads but
only at a rate of 50% for rail. The relevant data on prices only cover about 30% of the
sample for railways. Some type of technical quality information is available for 86% of
the countries. Quality perception is only available for about 40% of the countries.
Table 5: Transport Performance Indicators
ACCESS
Indicator
1. Road Density in
Terms of Population
(road-km/1000
people)
Sources and Coverage
World Development Indicators
2004: 184 countries, 19902002.
2. Road Density in
Terms of Land
(road- km/1000 sq
km)
World Development Indicators
2004: 185 countries, 19902002.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-1.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-2.
10
Definition
It is the total road network in km divided by total
population and multiplied by 1000 (INFVPFO).
Total road network includes motorways, highways,
and main or national roads, secondary or regional
roads, and all other roads in a country.
(International Road Federation, World Road
Statistics).
It is the total road network in km divided by total
land area in sq km and multiplied by 1000
(INFVPFO).
Total road network includes motorways, highways,
and main or national roads, secondary or regional
roads, and all other roads in a country. (Int. Road
Federation, World Road Statistics).
3. Rail Lines Density
in Terms of
Population
(rail- km/1000 people)
World Development Indicators
2004: 104 countries, 19952002. Only a few observations
per year, except for 2000 and
2002.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-3.
4. Rail Lines Density
in Terms of Land
(rail- km/1000 sqkm)
World Development Indicators
2004: 104 countries, 19952002. Only a few observations
per year, except for 2000 and
2002.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-4.
It is the total rail lines in km divided by total
population and multiplied by 1000 (INFVPFO).
Rail lines are the length of railway route available
for train service, irrespective of the number of
parallel tracks (World Bank, Transportation,
Water, and Urban Development Department,
Transport Division).
It is the total rail lines in km divided by total land
area in sq km and multiplied by 1000 (INFVPFO).
Rail lines are the length of railway route available
for train service, irrespective of the number of
parallel tracks (World Bank, Transportation,
Water, and Urban Development Department,
Transport Division).
AFFORDABILITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
5. Average Passenger
Rail Tariff
(PPP cents/passengerkm)
Unpublished World
Development Indicators: 62
countries, 1986-2000. One year
per country.
Proxied by PPP rail revenue per passenger-km
(DEC Team).
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-5.
6. Average Freight Rail
Tariff
(PPP cents/ton-km)
Unpublished World
Development Indicators: 65
countries, 1986-2000. One year
per country.
Proxied by PPP rail revenue per ton-km (DEC
Team).
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-6.
PERCEIVED QUALITY
Indicator
Sources and Coverage
Definition
7. Travel Time to Work
in Main Cities
(minutes/one-way
work trip)
UN-Habitat: Available for 87
countries, 1998.
Average time in minutes for a one-way work trip.
This is an average over all modes of transport (UNHabitat). In order to aggregate data at the country
level simple averages of cities' travel time to work
were taken even though the list of cities was not
exhaustive. A more accurate approach, should
more data becomes available, would be to use
averages weighted by city population with a
comprehensive list of cities per country (INFVPFO).
8. Commercial
Perception of Services
Delivered by Road
Department/Public
Works (index)
World Bank-Firm Level
Surveys, World Business
Environment Survey 2000: 80
countries, 2000.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-7.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-8.
11
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
services delivered by the Road Department/Public
Works 1 =worst 7 =best.
The question in WBES 2000 is: “Please rate the
overall quality and efficiency of services delivered
by the Roads Department/Public Works.”
9. Commercial
Perception of Port
Facilities (index)
World Economic Forum- Firm
Level Surveys, Global
Competitiveness Report 20022003: 82 countries, 2001-02.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-9.
10. Commercial
Perception of Railroad
Services (index)
World Economic Forum- Firm
Level Surveys, Global
Competitiveness Report 20022003: 82 countries, 2001-02.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-10.
11. Commercial
Perception of Air
Transport Services
(index)
World Economic Forum- Firm
Level Surveys, Global
Competitiveness Report 20022003: 82 countries, 2001-02.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-11.
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality services in port facilities based on a
predetermined scale 1 =worst 7 =best.
The question in the GCR survey is: “Rank from 1 to
7 port facilities and inland waterways in your
country. 1 = underdeveloped. 7 = as developed as
the world's best.”
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality of railroad services based on a
predetermined scale 1 =worst 7 =best .
The relevant question in the GCR survey is: Rank
from 1 to 7 the railroads in your country. 1 =
underdeveloped. 7 = as extensive and efficient as the
world's best.
Weighted average of firm-perception ratings of
quality of air transport services based on a
predetermined scale 1 =worst 7 =best .
The relevant question in the GCR survey is: Rank
from 1 to 7 air transport in your country. 1 =
infrequent and inefficient, 7 = as extensive and
efficient as the world's best.
TECHNICAL QUALITY
Indicator
12. Paved Roads
(% of total roads)
Sources and Coverage
World Development Indicators
2004: 178 countries, 19902002.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A4-12.
12
Definition
Paved roads are those surfaced with crushed stone
(macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized
agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a
percentage of all the country’s roads, measured in
length (WDI).
2.2 Institutional Reform Indicators
The main purpose of the institutional reform indicators is to better document
governance and institutional developments related to infrastructure at the sector level.
Ideally, the database should include measures to identify every step of reforms and their
intensity. For example: a measure of ownership (public/ private/ mixed) along with a
measure of the percentage of private capital in the sector and the degree of competition
prevailing in the sector or the type and extend of regulation. There is currently no
international database generating this type of information in detail for all countries,
probably because some of these assessments could be somewhat subjective. There are
however a lot of studies providing partial information we collected.
In order to generate some information, we narrowed down to three major groups
of indicators: (i) the existence of a regulatory institution, (ii) the existence of any private
sector participation and (iii) the market structure. These three categories correspond to
the main areas of institutional reforms that have been considered or have taken place
during the 1990s. The existence of an independent regulator in a sector reflects the extent
to which a country is willing to separate the regulatory function form other sector policies
to avoid conflicts of interests. The existence of private sector participation of any type
gives a sense of the willingness of the government to open a sector to private operators.
In some cases, we were able to distinguish among service types within a sector to refine
the information generated. It is however clearly very rough since it does not differentiate
between contract types in most cases2. The third group of indicators gives a sense of the
commitment or scope for competition in the sector in a country. Again, when possible,
we distinguished between services. Considered jointly, the three groups of indicators
provide a useful snapshot of the level and type of institutional reforms in any given
country.
Table 6 gives an overview of the number and types of policy reform indicators
contained in the database for each area of interest and each sector. ICT indicators were
collected from ITU regulatory database. Electricity and Water indicators were collected
by the World Bank from various published document and from a questionnaire applied to
World Bank country directors, managers, and staff. An issue to be addressed in the future
is that the quality and coverage of the information varies significantly across sectors.
Table 6: Number of Policy Reform Indicators by Sector
Regulatory Institution
Existence of Private Capital
Market Structure
Total
Electricity
1
2
1
4
Water
1
1
2
2
ICT
1
1
5
7
Transport
1
1
2
When reporting data, a distinction was made between “private capital” and “private participation” . The
first term refers only to contracts that require capital investment from private parties (such as concessions,
BOT, and divestitures). The second term was used to report any type of private participation, including
service and management, affermage, and lease contracts.
13
2.2.1 Electricity
The data on electricity policy reform were collected from the following sources:
ABS Electricity Deregulation Report (2004), AEI-Brookings telecommunications and
electricity regulation database (2003), Bacon (1999), Estache and Gassner (2004),
Estache, Trujillo, and Tovar de la Fe (2004), Global Regulatory Network Program
(2004), Henisz et al. (2003), International Porwer Finance Review (2003-04),
International Power and Utilities Finance Review (2004-05), Kikukawa (2004), Wallsten
et al. (2004), World Bank Caribbean Infrastructure Assessment (2004), World Bank
Global Energy Sector Reform in Developing Countries (1999), World Bank staff, and
country regulators.
The coverage for the three types of institutional indicators is quite good for the
electricity sector. For regulatory institutions and private participation in generation and
distribution, the coverage is about 80% of the 207 counties. It is somewhat lower on the
market structure with only 58%.
Table 7: Electricity Policy Reform Indicators
REGULATION
Indicator
Coverage
Definition
1. Existence of
Independent
Regulatory Agency
(Y/N)
165 countries.
Indicates whether the country has a regulatory
agency independent in its structure, decision
making and finance from the incumbent operator
and from the Ministry.
Question in questionnaire: Has a regulatory body
that is financially separate from the utility and
from the energy ministry started work? Yes/ No.
When?
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-1.
OWNERSHIP
2. Existence of
Private
Participation in
Electricity
Generation (Y/N)
164 countries.
3. Existence of
Private
Participation in
Electricity
Distribution (Y/N)
159 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-1.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-1.
Question in questionnaire: Is electricity generation
private?
a. Yes, please specify the year in which
privatization in generation started
b. No
Question in questionnaire: Is electricity distribution
private?
a. Yes, please specify the year in which
privatization in distribution started
b. No
MARKET STRUCTURE
4. Vertical
Integration from
Electricity
Generation to
Supply (Y/N)
120 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-1.
14
Question in questionnaire: Is the Electricity Sector
vertically integrated? In which year did vertical
separation occur?
2.2.2 Water & Sanitation
The data on water policy reform were collected from the following sources: ABS
Water and Waste Utilities of the World (2004), Asian Developing Bank (2000), Bayliss
(2002), Benoit (2004), Budds and McGranahan (2003), Hall, Bayliss, and Lobina (2002),
Hall and Lobina (2002), Hall, Lobina, and De La Mote (2002), Halpern (2002), Lobina
(2001), World Bank Caribbean Infrastructure Assessment (2004), World Bank Sector
Note on Water Supply and Sanitation for Infrastructure in EAP (2004), and World Bank
staff.
The coverage for institutional reforms in W&S is not as exhaustive as for the
other utilities. Information on the regulatory institutions responsible for large utilities is
available for about 67% of the countries. Ownership data are available for about 70% of
the countries. There is no information on the market structure good enough to be reported
here at this stage. In most countries small scale operators are important private actors but
there is no systematic record of their existence. Most of the information available on their
role and importance is only anecdotal.
Table 8: Water Policy Reform Indicators
REGULATION
Indicator
Coverage
Definition
1. Existence of
Independence
Regulatory Agency
(Y/N)
138 countries.
Indicates whether the country has a regulatory
agency independent in its structure, decision
making and finance from the incumbent operator
and from the Ministry.
Question in questionnaire: Has a regulatory body
that is financially separate from the utility and
from the energy ministry started work? Yes/ No.
When?
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-2.
OWNERSHIP
2. Existence of
Private Capital in
Water Utilities
(Y/N)
148 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-2.
15
Question in questionnaire: Is there private capital
in the main Water Utilities?
a. Yes, please specify the year in which
"privatization" in Water Utilities started
b. No
Privatization in the water sector was recorded in
cases in which private participation took the form
of concessions, built-operate-transfer (BOT), or
divestitures signed by private parties. These three
types of contracts require capital investment by
private parties. On the other hand, service,
management, or affermage contracts were not
classified as existence of private capital.
2.2.3 Information and Communication Technology
The report Trends in Telecommunications Reform from ITU (revised by World
Bank staff) is the main source of information for this sector. The information on
institutional reforms in the sector is however not as exhaustive as it is for its sector
performance indicators. While the coverage on the regulatory institutions is 100%, it
varies between 76 and 90% of the countries for more of the other indicators. Quite
surprisingly also, in contrast to what is available for other sectors, it proved difficult to
obtain data on the timing of reforms and of the creation of the regulatory agencies.
Table 9: ICT Policy Reform Indicators
REGULATION
Indicator
Coverage
Definition
1. Existence of
Independence
Regulatory Agency
(Y/N)
207 countries.
Indicates whether the country has a
telecommunications regulatory authority separate
from the Ministry and from the operator in terms of
its structure, financing, and decision-making. It
was assumed, after consulting ITU experts, that
countries that do not appear in the ITU list of
countries with Independent Agency do not have an
Independent Agency.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-3.
OWNERSHIP
2. Existence of
Private Capital in
Telephone
Companies (Y/N)
Indicates if the companies are state-owned or if
there is some private capital (ITU).
184 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-3.
MARKET STRUCTURE
3. Local Phone
Monopoly (Y/N)
186 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-3.
4. Digital Mobile
Monopoly (Y/N)
170 countries.
5. Long Distance
Monopoly (Y/N)
179 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-3.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-3.
16
The level of competition in the local PSTN market is
based on the number of legal operators in the
market (may not reflect the actual number of
operators) (ICT Team).
No refers to duopoly, partial or full competition,
while Yes refers to monopoly.
The level of competition in the mobile market is
based on the number of legal operators in the
market (may not reflect the actual number of
operators). (ICT Team).
No refers to duopoly, partial or full competition,
while Yes refers to monopoly.
The level of competition in the international long
distance market is based on the number of legal
operators in the market (may not reflect the actual
number of operators) (ICT Team).
No refers to duopoly, partial or full competition,
while Yes refers to monopoly.
6. Leased Lines
Monopoly (Y/N)
175 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-3.
7. Internet Service
Provider Monopoly
(Y/N)
158 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-3.
The level of competition in the leased lines market is
based on the number of legal operators in the
market (may not reflect the actual number of
operators) (ICT Team).
No refers to duopoly, partial or full competition,
while Yes refers to monopoly.
The level of competition in the Internet Service
Provider market is based on the number of legal
operators in the market (may not reflect the actual
number of operators) (ICT Team).
No refers to duopoly, partial or full competition,
while Yes refers to monopoly.
2.2.4 Transport
Information on transport institutions and reforms is not systematically generated
by any agency. Even though more data are needed to have a more comprenhensive
picture of the transport sector, it was possible to collect data on railways policy reform
from Janes World Railways (2003-04) and complement it with interviews to World Bank
task managers. When possible, data were cross-checked by colleagues from other
multilateral agencies, and experts in private companies. Data are available for 65% of the
countries.
Table 10: Railways Policy Reform Indicators
REGULATION
Indicator
Coverage
Definition
1. Existence of
Independence
Regulatory Agency
(Y/N)
134 countries.
Indicates whether the country has a regulatory
agency independent in its structure, decision
making and finance from operators and from the
Ministry.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-4.
OWNERSHIP
3. Existence of
Private
Participation in
Railways Systems
(Y/N)
134 countries.
Latest observation by country
reported on table A5-4.
17
Includes any type of private participation (i.e.
concessions, BOTs, divestitures, service contracts,
management contracts, affermages, and leases.
3. Limitations
The main limitations of the database come from 3 main sources: (i) data
reliability; (ii) coverage and (iii) subjectivity of the institutional variables.
3.1 Data Reliability
The first phase of the database project consisted in collecting data from publicly
available sources. Thus, the quality of the data depends on the source’s methods and
consistency and it is not uniform across the database. A preliminary check was conducted
by various auditors and users over a 12 month period but this check has not been
thorough enough to be able to argue that all data are fully reliable.
3.2 Coverage
Coverage is overall low and needs to be increased to allow for good cross-country
analysis. As usual, better data are available the higher the income of the countries. Thus,
efforts should be placed to produce good quality data in low income countries of the
region. Also, when possible, experts should suggest methods to consistently complete or
improve the coverage of infrastructure indicators building on what has been already
collected.
3.3 Institutions
On policy reform indicators the main issue is the subjective character of the data
collected. With the exception of ICT related data, all the data reported are based on
questionnaires collected by academic authors or by us with a view to minimize the time
the experts have to allocate to generate the information needed. We tried long
questionnaires and the return was quite low and in a second round we focused on yes vs.
no questions to the extent possible.
Policy reform indicators included in the database were defined to capture the
existence of a certain step of reforms. However, the database doesn’t include, at the
moment, indicators that measure the “degree” of reforms. For instance, the degree of
independence of the regulatory agency and the degree of private participation in a
particular sector.
18
4. Where to get most of the data
The following websites were particularly useful to gather data and information
related to infrastructure sector performance and infrastructure policy reforms:
Source
Website
Multiple Sectors
Global Competitiveness Report
World Business Environmental Survey
Demographic and Health Surveys
UN Millennium Indicators Database
UN-habitat Database
www.weforum.org
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wbes/
http://www.measuredhs.com/
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_goals.asp
http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/guo/guo_indicators.asp
Energy
International Energy Agency
World Energy Outlook
Energy Information Administration
South African Development through Electricity
(SAD-ELEC)
Energy Regulators Regional Association (ERRA).
Energy Tariff Data.
Organización Latinoamericana de Energía
(OLADE). Sistema de Información EconómicaEnergética.
www.iea.org
www.worldenergyoutlook.org
www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/electric.html
http://www.sad-elec.com/
http://www.erranet.org/Products/TariffDatabase
http://www.olade.org.ec/siee/defaultin.asp
Water & Sanitation
WB Benchmarking Water & Sanitation
Joint Monitoring Programme WHO-UNICEF
World Health Organization
Water Utilities Partership (Africa)
http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/water/topics/bench_network.h
tml
http://www.wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html
http://www.who.int/en/
http://www.wupafrica.org/spbnet/angl/waterf.html
ICT
International telecommunications Union
ITU Regulatory Database
Universal Postal Union
http://www.itu.int/home/index.html
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/profiles/guide.asp?lang=en
http://www.upu.int/statistics/en/index.shtml
Transport
Railisa Database
Janes World Railways 2003/04. Franklin Watts,
New York 2004.
http://www.uic.asso.fr/stats/
http://jwr.janes.com/
19
5. References
ABS Energy Research (2004), Electricity Deregulation Report: Global, London.
ABS Energy Research (2004), Water and Waste Utilities of the World, London.
AEI-Brookings Joint Center (2003), The Telecommunications and Electricity
Regulation Database, Washington DC, 2003.
Almunia, Bolkestein, and Byrne (2004), Evaluation of the Performance of Network
Industries Providing Services of General Interest. European Commission
Report, 2004.
Asian Development Bank (2000), Developing Best Practices for Promoting Private
Sector Investment in Infrastructure: Water Supply, Manila.
Bacon, Robert (1999), A scorecard for Energy Reform in Developing Countries,
Public Policy for the Private Sector, Note No. 175. The world Bank.
Bayliss, Kate (2002). Water Privatization in SSA: Progress, problems and policy
implications. Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU).
Benoit, Philippe (2004), Africa Water Sector Inventory: The Public/Private
Interface, Mimeo. The World Bank, 2004.
Briceno-Garmendia, Cecilia, and Ana Goicoechea (2005). Designing the Format of The
Infrastructure Research Database on Economic Performance, Mimeo. The World
Bank.
Budds, Jessica, and Gordon McGranahan (2003), Privatization and the Provision of
Urban Water and Sanitation in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, Human
Settlements Discussion Paper Series.
Demographic and Health Surveys-DHS (2004). Stat Compiler available at:
http://www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler/start.cfm?action=new_table&userid=13285
8&usertabid=146559&CFID=1629972&CFTOKEN=16760858
Diallo, Amadou and Quentin Wodon (2004), Access to Network-Based Infrastructure
Services in Africa: Benefit and Marginal Benefit Incidence Analysis, Mimeo. The
World Bank.
Energy Regulators Regional Association-ERRA (2003). Energy Tariff Data available at:
http://www.erranet.org/Products/TariffDatabase
20
Estache, Antonio, and Katharina Gassner (2004), Recent Economic Developments in
Electricity and Water Services in ECA countries: Basic facts and emerging
issues, Mimeo. The World Bank.
Estache, Antonio, Lourdes Trujillo, and Beatriz Tovar de la Fe (2004), A DEA
Decomposition of Economic Efficiency Sources in Southern African Electricity
Distribution, Mimeo. The World Bank.
Global Regulatory Network Program (2004). Country profiles available at:
www.globalregulatorynetwork.org
Hall, David, Kate Bayliss, and Emanuele Lobina (2002), Water Privatization in Africa,
Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU).
Hall, David, and Emanuele Lobina (2002), Water Privatization in Latin America,
Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU).
Hall, David, Emanuele Lobina, and Robin de la Motte (2002), Water Privatization and
Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe and NIS Countries, Public Services
International Research Unit (PSIRU).
Halpern, Jonathan (2002). A Global Overview of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
Sector Reform: Water Sector Reform Scorecard, Mimeo. World Bank.
Henisz, Witold, Bennet Zelner and Mauro Guillén (2003), International Coercion,
Emulation and Policy Diffusion: Market-Oriented Infrastructure Reforms,
1977-1999, Wharton School working paper, University of Pennsylvania, 2003.
International Energy Agency-IEA (2003). Online Data Services available at:
http://data.iea.org/ieastore/statslisting.asp.
International Power Finance Review (2003-04). Euromoney Publications. London, 2003.
International Power and Utilities Finance Review (2004-05). Euromoney Publications.
London, 2004.
International Telecommunications Union (2004), ICT Indicators Database, available at:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/
International Telecommunications Union (2004-05), Trends in Telecommunication
Reform: Licensing in an Era of Convergence, ITU, Switzerland, 2004.
Janes World Railways (2003/04), Franklin Watts, New York 2004.
Kikukawa, Takeshi (2004), Report on Recent Economic Development in
Infrastructure: Energy Sector in South Asia, Mimeo. The World Bank, 2004.
21
Lobina, Emanuele (2001), Water Privatization and Restructuring in Central and
Eastern Europe, Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU).
Organización Latinoamericana de Energía (2003). Sistema de Información EconómicaEnergética available at: http://www.olade.org.ec/siee/defaultin.asp
South African Development through Electricity – SAD ELEC (2002), Electricity Prices
in Southern and East Africa, SAD-ELEC Ltd, South Africa, 2002.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (1998), UN-Habitat indicators available
at: http://www.unhabitat.org/
Wallsten, Scott, George Clarke, Luke Haggarty, Rosario Kaneshiro, Roger Noll, Mary
Shirley, Lixin Colin Xu (2004). “New Tools for Studying Network Industry
Reforms in Developing Countries: The Telecommunications and Electricity
Regulation Database.” Policy Research Working Paper No. 3286. The World Bank.
World Bank (2004), Caribbean Infrastructure Assessment. Report No. 29680.
World Bank (1999), Global Energy Sector Reform in Developing Countries: A
Scorecard. Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistant
Programme (ESMAP).
World Bank (2004), Sector Note on Water Supply and Sanitation for Infrastructure
in East Asia and the Pacific, prepared by Castalia Strategic Advisors.
World Bank (2000), World Business Environment Survey-WBES, available at:
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wbes/index1.html
World Bank (2003), World Development Indicators. Oxford University Press.
World Bank (1994), World Development Report: Infrastructure for Development,
Oxford University Press, 1994.
World Economic Forum (2003). Global Competitiveness Report. New York, Peter K.
Cornelius. Oxford University Press, 2003.
22
APPENDIX 1: Energy Data by Country
23
Table A1-1: Access to Electricity Network (% of population)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
5
90
96
..
..
5
..
90
100
..
..
..
100
..
..
25
..
100
..
..
22
..
5
72
100
10
90
..
100
6
5
10
31
..
..
..
5
3
..
98
97
91
..
5
5
90
39
100
100
..
100
..
..
..
67
90
96
90
..
5
100
12
..
..
..
..
..
5
5
100
..
35
..
..
..
..
59
5
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
24
Table A1-1: Access to Electricity Network (% of population)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
5
..
31
5
..
100
..
40
80
95
95
..
..
100
..
90
..
95
95
12
..
20
..
100
100
18
100
95
6
..
95
..
100
..
..
95
11
5
95
..
8
..
..
50
50
..
95
..
100
..
90
47
6
5
20
15
..
..
..
..
68
8
20
..
..
..
55
..
95
5
49
72
78
100
..
..
..
100
100
5
..
..
2000
..
2000
2000
..
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
2000
..
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
25
Table A1-1: Access to Electricity Network (% of population)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
90
32
..
5
100
100
100
..
..
66
..
75
..
..
..
5
..
20
..
..
95
100
9
90
12
..
100
95
95
95
2
100
96
..
..
100
100
..
95
60
..
95
50
100
18
20
..
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2000)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
60
31
85
82
87
58
54
99
79
88
31
15
..
99
26
Table A1-2: Households Reporting Access to Electricity (% of households)
Country Name
Rural
Urban
Total
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99
..
..
..
..
..
..
21
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
29
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
9
22
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
84
..
..
..
..
23
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
77
..
96
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
30
..
..
..
21
..
..
..
..
54
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99
..
..
..
..
..
..
81
..
..
..
..
50
..
..
96
..
..
..
..
..
40
..
61
79
..
..
..
..
9
..
..
..
99
..
..
..
..
86
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99
..
100
..
..
..
..
76
..
..
..
..
..
90
..
..
..
82
..
..
..
..
91
54
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99
..
..
..
..
..
..
32
..
..
..
..
22
..
..
71
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
17
41
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
95
..
..
..
..
48
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
91
..
98
..
..
..
..
13
..
..
..
..
..
74
..
..
..
43
..
..
..
..
71
16
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2001
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
2000
1998
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
1999
1999
27
Table A1-2: Households Reporting Access to Electricity (% of households)
Country Name
Rural
Urban
Total
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
5
..
..
..
..
48
73
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
94
94
4
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
1
..
..
2
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
17
..
..
..
..
37
0
28
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29
52
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
82
..
..
..
..
91
98
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
100
..
48
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38
29
..
..
37
..
..
50
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26
..
..
86
..
..
..
..
91
37
84
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
93
91
..
..
..
..
..
..
39
..
..
..
34
..
..
..
..
60
80
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99
97
15
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11
5
..
..
11
..
..
22
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
25
..
..
..
..
70
7
45
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
69
71
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
1999
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
1999
1998
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
2000
..
..
2001
..
..
2001
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
2001
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
28
Table A1-2: Households Reporting Access to Electricity (% of households)
Country Name
Rural
Urban
Total
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
2
..
..
..
..
100
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
74
..
..
27
..
3
8
..
..
..
69
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
84
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
27
..
41
..
..
..
..
100
44
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99
..
..
90
..
45
87
..
..
..
32
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
15
..
..
..
..
100
9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
78
..
..
43
..
17
38
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
1998
..
..
..
..
2000
2001
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
1997
..
2002
1999
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
31
19
49
68
30
34
52
98
45
72
29
8
..
..
71
63
93
95
90
78
87
100
93
96
86
54
..
..
45
32
79
84
74
55
62
99
72
80
39
23
..
..
29
Table A1-3: Energy Use per PPP GDP (kg of oil equivalent/1000 PPP dollars, constant 2000)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
150
177
..
..
313
..
145
209
..
210
134
464
..
596
95
..
468
208
..
330
..
..
208
190
..
146
..
350
..
..
..
213
278
..
..
..
..
..
168
219
102
..
463
268
106
267
188
..
182
272
124
..
..
148
208
215
141
..
..
279
417
..
..
268
171
..
196
..
228
161
201
146
..
..
..
157
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2001
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
30
Table A1-3: Energy Use per PPP GDP (kg of oil equivalent/1000 PPP dollars, constant 2000)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
152
201
94
187
414
200
241
326
..
110
..
167
118
393
157
255
551
498
..
..
258
605
323
..
205
264
..
..
..
..
249
158
..
..
..
..
242
..
..
131
..
..
..
..
180
..
495
..
..
99
433
..
98
265
173
..
..
218
176
..
789
..
164
332
234
..
170
..
160
93
131
226
146
..
..
262
537
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
31
Table A1-3: Energy Use per PPP GDP (kg of oil equivalent/1000 PPP dollars, constant 2000)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
481
208
..
..
263
277
197
..
..
257
155
126
..
..
..
278
..
..
228
127
313
549
729
201
203
..
771
130
176
702
..
569
527
152
230
100
1277
..
413
239
..
..
264
..
792
333
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
1998
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2001
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1998-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
275
374
246
242
249
310
212
375
207
249
184
364
188
329
32
Table A1-4: Electricity Average End-User Prices (US cents/kWh)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Residential
Non-Residential
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
4
4
..
6
15
..
..
..
..
18
..
13
..
..
..
..
6
8
4
8
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
7
..
..
..
6
..
10
14
..
9
26
..
..
10
9
..
9
..
..
6
..
..
..
11
13
..
..
..
4
14
..
10
..
22
..
8
..
8
..
..
..
..
..
2
3
..
4
4
..
..
..
..
18
..
5
..
..
..
..
4
9
3
4
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
6
..
..
..
7
..
8
8
..
6
9
..
..
10
8
..
11
..
..
6
..
..
..
7
5
..
..
..
2
5
..
6
..
19
..
8
..
2003
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2003
..
2002
2003
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2002
2004
2002
2002
..
2003
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2003
..
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
2003
..
..
..
2003
2003
..
..
..
2003
2002
..
2003
..
2002
..
2002
33
Table A1-4: Electricity Average End-User Prices (US cents/kWh)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Residential
Non-Residential
Year
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
..
..
6
8
7
..
10
..
..
..
..
..
15
..
..
16
16
17
..
3
8
..
..
7
..
1
..
7
..
8
..
..
..
9
11
..
5
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
14
..
9
..
5
..
5
..
3
..
4
..
19
..
..
10
13
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
11
..
5
11
..
10
16
..
..
8
..
..
8
12
6
..
8
..
..
..
..
..
9
..
..
11
11
12
..
3
7
..
..
5
..
2
..
6
..
3
..
..
..
8
..
..
9
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
10
..
6
..
6
..
5
..
2
..
2
..
6
..
..
4
11
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
11
..
3
7
..
6
8
..
..
6
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2003
..
..
..
..
..
2003
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2003
2002
..
..
2003
..
2003
..
2003
..
2002
..
..
..
2003
2002
..
2004
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2003
..
2003
..
2003
..
2002
..
2002
..
2003
..
..
2003
2002
..
..
..
2003
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2003
2003
..
..
2003
34
Table A1-4: Electricity Average End-User Prices (US cents/kWh)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Residential
Non-Residential
Year
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10
..
..
..
3
11
..
..
..
..
..
17
4
10
13
..
..
5
..
..
..
3
..
9
..
9
3
..
12
9
10
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
2
6
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
2
5
..
..
..
..
..
13
3
3
8
..
..
9
..
..
..
2
..
9
..
7
4
..
6
5
5
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
3
10
2004
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2003
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
1997
2003
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2003
..
2002
2003
..
2003
2003
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
9
6
8
8
9
7
5
6
10
..
..
6
13
..
6
6
7
7
7
6
5
6
8
..
..
5
6
..
35
Table A1-5: Commercial Perception of Electricity Service (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.2
..
..
6.4
6.8
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
6.8
..
..
..
..
4.1
..
4.8
4.4
..
4.1
..
..
..
..
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
5.6
4.6
4.5
..
..
..
4.8
..
4.9
..
..
6.5
7.0
..
..
2.0
2.9
5.0
4.9
..
..
5.2
..
..
..
6.8
6.5
..
..
..
..
6.9
..
4.8
..
..
..
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
36
Table A1-5: Commercial Perception of Electricity Service (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
1.1
3.1
6.8
5.8
7.0
2.7
3.4
..
..
6.0
..
6.4
5.9
3.5
6.7
5.5
3.5
..
..
..
6.2
..
..
..
5.0
..
..
..
..
..
5.1
6.2
..
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
..
4.9
..
3.6
..
..
..
..
4.7
..
..
5.6
..
6.9
..
..
6.3
3.5
..
1.8
..
6.6
..
..
..
5.1
..
3.5
4.6
3.1
5.0
5.8
..
..
3.6
3.7
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
37
Table A1-5: Commercial Perception of Electricity Service (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.6
5.8
5.9
..
..
5.8
4.9
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.9
6.9
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
5.3
5.2
5.3
..
..
3.9
..
2.6
6.8
6.6
..
..
5.5
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
5.0
2.8
4.7
4.2
5.2
3.8
4.3
4.8
4.2
5.1
2.6
4.3
6.3
6.4
38
Table A1-6: Commercial Perception of Public Agency Electricity Provider (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
..
5.5
4.4
..
..
..
4.1
..
..
3.1
..
5.3
..
5.1
..
..
..
5.3
4.0
5.7
..
..
4.7
..
..
4.5
3.5
6.0
..
..
..
..
..
5.3
4.9
4.9
..
..
..
5.6
5.2
5.6
..
..
5.1
..
..
..
2.6
4.9
5.7
4.9
..
..
5.3
4.6
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
4.1
5.0
4.8
..
..
..
..
5.1
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
39
Table A1-6: Commercial Perception of Public Agency Electricity Provider (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
2.0
4.5
..
5.6
..
4.3
5.1
..
..
..
..
..
5.1
..
..
..
4.7
3.9
..
..
..
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
4.7
3.2
5.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.9
..
3.1
..
..
..
..
..
6.3
..
..
..
..
..
4.8
..
2.1
..
..
..
3.9
..
4.4
..
..
5.2
5.2
5.3
4.6
..
..
5.0
4.7
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
2000
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
40
Table A1-6: Commercial Perception of Public Agency Electricity Provider (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
6.1
5.5
5.5
..
..
6.0
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
3.9
4.9
..
..
5.0
6.2
5.0
..
3.1
4.5
..
5.5
5.6
5.6
4.9
..
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
4.8
4.1
..
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2000)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
4.8
4.0
5.2
5.0
5.3
4.6
5.0
4.8
4.8
6.0
3.8
4.3
5.3
5.8
41
Table A1-7: Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of total output)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
35
16
..
..
14
..
17
26
..
7
5
20
..
7
21
..
13
5
..
..
..
..
13
17
..
17
5
15
..
..
..
23
8
..
..
..
..
..
6
7
19
..
4
70
10
..
17
15
4
6
6
..
..
33
24
13
13
..
..
15
10
..
..
4
6
..
18
..
17
5
24
7
..
..
..
22
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
42
Table A1-7: Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of total output)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
51
23
12
12
5
26
16
16
6
8
..
3
7
9
5
12
16
21
..
..
6
5
37
..
25
16
..
..
20
..
8
7
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
13
..
..
..
..
15
..
50
..
..
7
8
19
..
20
4
14
..
10
29
..
38
..
7
17
26
..
22
..
3
10
16
10
8
..
6
13
12
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
43
Table A1-7: Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of total output)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
8
7
..
..
9
3
5
..
..
8
8
18
..
..
..
15
..
..
8
6
32
15
23
7
..
..
5
11
18
14
..
19
9
8
6
17
9
..
25
14
..
..
15
..
3
21
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
14
22
15
15
14
18
12
18
18
14
22
19
6
7
44
APPENDIX 2: Water & Sanitation Data by Country
45
Table A2-1: Access to Improved Water Sources (% of population)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
13
97
87
..
100
50
91
..
92
100
100
100
77
97
..
75
100
100
..
91
68
..
62
85
98
95
89
..
100
51
79
34
63
100
80
..
75
34
..
95
77
92
94
46
46
97
84
..
91
100
..
100
80
97
93
86
98
82
44
57
..
22
..
..
100
..
100
87
82
76
100
79
..
..
95
100
95
11
95
80
..
100
40
89
..
80
100
100
100
59
86
..
72
100
100
..
82
60
..
60
68
96
90
58
..
100
44
78
29
41
99
73
..
61
32
..
59
68
71
96
29
17
92
74
..
78
100
..
100
67
90
85
77
97
68
42
54
..
11
..
..
100
..
100
47
77
61
100
68
..
..
93
100
92
19
99
92
..
100
70
95
97
99
100
100
100
95
98
100
82
100
100
100
100
79
..
86
95
100
100
96
..
100
82
90
58
84
100
86
..
93
40
..
100
92
99
90
83
72
100
98
..
95
100
..
100
82
100
98
92
100
91
45
72
..
81
..
..
100
100
100
95
95
90
100
93
..
..
97
100
99
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
46
Table A2-1: Access to Improved Water Sources (% of population)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
51
59
83
71
90
..
99
100
86
78
93
81
..
..
100
..
93
100
91
86
62
64
100
92
..
76
43
..
100
76
62
72
..
..
100
..
..
45
67
95
84
48
100
85
56
100
..
91
94
92
..
62
80
42
80
80
84
100
..
..
..
81
46
60
98
100
79
90
84
91
39
83
81
85
..
..
..
100
57
38
49
83
59
82
..
98
100
82
69
83
50
..
..
100
..
87
100
91
72
46
53
100
71
..
66
38
..
100
74
52
68
..
..
100
..
..
34
62
94
78
35
100
95
45
100
..
72
94
88
..
30
56
24
74
72
82
99
..
..
..
65
36
49
97
100
72
87
94
79
32
62
66
77
..
..
..
100
16
78
79
83
91
99
..
100
100
96
89
98
97
100
..
100
100
98
100
91
96
89
77
100
97
..
98
66
..
100
88
72
72
..
..
100
..
..
75
96
96
99
76
100
80
63
100
..
97
95
97
100
87
99
76
95
98
93
100
..
..
100
93
80
72
98
100
81
95
79
99
88
100
87
90
100
..
..
100
91
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
47
Table A2-1: Access to Improved Water Sources (% of population)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
96
73
88
..
79
..
72
87
57
..
100
..
70
29
87
..
78
99
98
..
69
92
52
100
100
79
58
73
85
51
100
91
82
93
71
56
98
..
..
100
98
89
60
83
73
..
..
69
93
55
83
88
69
88
..
73
..
54
75
46
..
100
..
65
27
73
..
72
99
98
93
64
73
42
100
100
64
47
62
80
36
100
88
60
87
54
52
94
..
..
100
93
84
52
70
67
..
..
68
86
36
74
99
92
91
..
89
97
90
100
75
100
100
..
94
32
98
..
99
99
98
..
78
98
87
100
100
94
93
92
95
80
100
92
94
96
93
87
100
..
100
100
98
97
85
85
93
..
..
74
99
90
100
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
80
65
89
85
93
77
75
87
90
85
72
64
99
99
73
56
81
76
85
68
70
79
80
75
68
54
98
98
91
83
95
94
96
89
88
97
96
91
84
83
100
100
48
Table A2-2: Access to Improved Sanitation (% of population)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
8
89
92
..
100
30
95
..
84
..
100
100
55
100
..
48
99
..
..
47
32
..
70
45
93
41
75
..
100
12
36
16
48
100
42
..
27
8
..
92
44
86
23
29
9
92
40
..
98
100
..
..
50
83
57
72
68
63
53
9
..
6
..
98
100
..
98
36
53
83
..
58
..
..
97
99
61
5
81
82
..
100
16
94
..
61
..
100
100
36
100
..
39
100
..
..
25
12
..
70
23
88
25
35
..
100
5
35
8
33
99
19
..
12
0
..
64
29
54
15
23
2
97
23
..
95
100
..
..
27
75
43
59
56
40
46
3
..
4
..
98
100
..
97
30
46
69
..
46
..
..
97
98
52
16
99
99
..
100
56
98
..
96
..
100
100
73
100
100
75
99
..
..
71
58
..
65
58
99
57
83
..
100
45
47
53
63
100
61
..
47
30
..
96
69
96
38
43
14
89
61
..
99
100
..
..
55
86
67
80
84
78
60
34
93
19
..
99
100
..
99
37
72
96
..
74
..
..
96
99
72
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
49
Table A2-2: Access to Improved Sanitation (% of population)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
13
34
70
34
68
..
95
..
30
52
84
80
..
..
..
..
80
100
93
72
48
39
59
..
..
60
24
..
98
37
26
97
..
..
..
..
..
33
46
..
58
45
..
82
42
99
..
77
28
68
..
59
61
27
73
30
27
100
..
..
..
66
12
38
94
..
89
54
83
72
45
78
62
73
..
..
..
100
51
6
23
60
23
52
..
85
..
18
38
78
48
..
..
..
..
68
100
85
52
43
22
60
..
..
51
14
..
87
32
7
96
..
..
..
..
..
27
42
98
42
38
..
59
9
99
..
39
14
52
..
37
31
14
63
14
20
100
..
..
..
51
4
30
96
..
61
35
52
51
41
58
33
61
..
..
..
100
10
25
57
86
52
89
..
100
..
58
71
86
95
..
..
100
..
90
100
94
87
56
59
58
..
..
75
61
..
100
61
49
97
..
..
..
..
..
49
66
..
100
59
100
93
64
100
..
90
61
86
100
75
83
51
96
66
68
100
..
..
..
78
43
48
94
..
97
92
96
89
67
94
72
81
..
..
..
100
86
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
50
Table A2-2: Access to Improved Sanitation (% of population)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
87
41
100
..
24
..
52
..
39
..
100
..
31
25
67
..
91
96
89
..
34
93
52
100
100
77
53
46
99
34
97
100
80
83
62
41
99
100
..
100
94
57
50
68
41
..
..
30
87
45
57
70
38
100
..
20
..
34
100
30
..
100
..
18
14
44
..
89
96
89
96
24
76
44
100
100
56
47
41
100
15
96
100
62
62
50
39
97
100
..
100
85
48
42
48
26
..
..
14
77
32
51
93
56
100
..
32
100
70
..
53
100
100
..
98
47
86
..
98
96
89
..
50
99
78
100
100
97
71
54
97
71
98
100
90
94
77
53
100
100
..
100
95
73
78
71
84
..
..
76
97
68
69
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
64
41
79
72
86
60
60
78
77
77
48
37
100
99
54
30
67
58
76
49
51
65
64
60
40
28
100
99
78
60
88
85
91
74
80
90
85
90
72
54
100
99
51
Table A2-3: Commercial Perception of Water Service (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
5.4
3.9
..
..
..
3.9
..
..
3.8
..
5.0
..
5.4
..
..
..
4.8
4.1
5.7
5.3
..
4.6
..
..
4.5
3.0
6.0
..
..
..
..
..
5.1
4.9
4.7
..
..
..
5.1
4.8
5.2
..
..
5.1
..
..
..
4.0
4.4
5.5
4.5
..
..
4.9
4.5
..
..
..
5.1
..
..
..
4.6
5.2
4.7
..
..
..
..
4.8
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
52
Table A2-3: Commercial Perception of Water Service (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
3.5
4.5
..
5.3
..
4.6
4.8
..
..
..
..
..
4.8
..
..
..
4.8
2.5
..
..
..
..
4.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.7
..
..
..
3.5
4.2
5.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.7
..
3.7
..
..
..
..
..
6.2
..
..
..
..
..
4.7
..
2.6
..
..
..
4.0
..
4.7
..
..
4.9
4.8
5.3
4.7
..
..
4.6
4.4
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
2000
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
53
Table A2-3: Commercial Perception of Water Service (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
3.6
..
..
6.1
5.4
5.2
..
..
5.7
5.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
2.9
4.8
..
..
4.0
5.7
4.3
..
4.5
4.3
..
5.2
5.4
5.1
4.5
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
..
4.2
4.0
..
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2000)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
4.7
4.0
4.9
4.8
5.0
4.5
4.8
4.6
4.7
5.6
4.1
4.2
5.2
5.7
54
Table A2-4: Households Using Piped or Well Water as Main Source of Drinking
Water (% of households)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
93
..
..
..
..
..
..
97
..
..
..
..
83
..
..
85
..
..
..
..
..
94
..
63
63
..
..
..
..
80
..
..
..
91
..
..
..
..
93
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
42
..
99
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
80
..
..
..
73
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
84
..
..
..
..
..
..
97
..
..
..
..
76
..
..
67
..
..
..
..
..
94
..
61
52
..
..
..
..
84
..
..
..
69
..
..
..
..
88
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
48
..
98
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
41
..
..
..
62
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
98
..
..
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
94
..
..
96
..
..
..
..
..
94
..
72
86
..
..
..
..
66
..
..
..
99
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
39
..
100
..
..
..
..
100
..
..
..
..
..
95
..
..
..
93
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2001
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
2000
1998
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
55
Table A2-4: Households Using Piped or Well Water as Main Source of Drinking
Water (% of households)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
..
77
65
..
..
64
..
..
..
..
97
78
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
96
96
54
..
..
..
..
81
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41
89
..
..
94
..
..
89
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
70
..
..
77
..
..
..
..
88
90
57
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
87
..
..
..
82
52
..
..
48
..
..
..
..
96
70
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
86
94
42
..
..
..
..
68
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29
88
..
..
93
..
..
88
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
63
..
..
75
..
..
..
..
73
93
48
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
58
82
..
..
..
71
95
..
..
91
..
..
..
..
99
97
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
98
98
91
..
..
..
..
98
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
76
99
..
..
97
..
..
91
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
98
..
..
97
..
..
..
..
97
71
76
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
92
93
..
..
..
1999
1999
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
1999
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
1999
1998
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
2000
..
..
2001
..
..
2001
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
2001
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
1998
..
..
56
Table A2-4: Households Using Piped or Well Water as Main Source of Drinking
Water (% of households)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
44
..
..
..
..
96
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
85
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
76
..
74
..
..
..
60
85
77
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
70
..
..
73
..
80
100
..
..
..
..
39
..
..
..
..
96
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
70
..
62
..
..
..
43
73
74
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65
..
..
72
..
71
100
..
..
..
..
81
..
..
..
..
97
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
98
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
94
..
98
..
..
..
69
97
95
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
90
..
..
74
..
98
100
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
1998
..
..
..
1998
2000
2001
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
1997
..
2002
1999
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
79
78
81
82
80
80
74
83
75
89
90
78
..
..
72
73
56
72
41
64
70
72
64
85
89
71
..
..
90
91
91
88
95
91
88
92
84
91
98
91
..
..
57
APPENDIX 3: ICT Data by Country
58
Table A3-1: Teledensity (total telephone subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
12
441
115
290
1152
15
978
396
178
850
1262
1360
242
782
906
16
1016
424
1282
317
43
1323
45
224
519
372
486
659
847
24
12
38
51
1070
273
1229
5
6
..
732
424
321
19
11
96
459
91
952
67
1316
1325
1553
50
424
387
312
212
287
94
9
1119
8
1126
257
1402
1262
583
253
104
280
1442
49
1356
798
667
716
202
18
2003
2003
2003
1999
2003
2002
2002
2002
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2001
2002
2002
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2001
2002
2003
59
Table A3-1: Teledensity (total telephone subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
9
191
55
104
1638
1117
1626
71
127
271
29
1371
..
1419
1502
702
1151
356
195
61
57
39
1239
768
103
32
811
434
63
3
159
925
869
1991
1201
448
21
21
624
251
10
1246
94
141
552
198
454
158
351
..
186
285
19
8
182
18
1382
442
651
1097
123
3
32
353
1622
317
44
..
390
14
345
173
311
770
1310
797
794
524
502
16
131
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
..
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
1998
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2000
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
60
Table A3-1: Teledensity (total telephone subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
1392
78
477
78
851
18
1303
925
1278
16
48
408
1345
122
606
409
801
47
472
129
1625
1571
147
45
29
499
56
147
528
315
662
79
33
369
1017
1431
1170
472
80
69
384
88
1010
220
49
581
29
58
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1998-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
501
64
468
301
635
266
172
547
433
292
72
99
1393
986
61
Table A3-2: Mainlines Teledensity (mainlines subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
2
83
69
252
535
7
488
219
148
350
542
481
114
415
268
5
497
311
489
113
9
862
34
72
245
75
223
256
380
5
3
3
7
651
156
849
2
2
..
221
209
179
17
0
2
278
14
417
64
572
360
669
15
304
115
122
127
113
18
9
341
6
482
124
492
566
214
29
29
134
657
13
454
447
290
509
71
3
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2001
2002
2002
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2001
2002
2003
62
Table A3-2: Mainlines Teledensity (mainlines subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
8
92
17
49
559
349
660
46
39
220
28
491
..
458
484
169
472
114
141
10
51
41
538
196
76
12
285
200
16
2
136
588
239
797
389
271
4
8
182
102
5
521
83
14
285
62
160
103
219
..
56
40
5
7
66
16
614
372
227
448
37
2
7
309
713
88
27
..
122
11
46
67
41
319
411
331
261
199
253
3
73
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
..
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2000
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
63
Table A3-2: Mainlines Teledensity (mainlines subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
766
46
155
22
256
5
450
241
407
13
7
107
429
49
500
320
273
27
152
44
736
727
123
37
4
105
12
113
250
118
268
77
2
233
281
591
624
280
67
31
111
54
635
87
28
243
8
26
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2000-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
213
29
193
126
261
111
76
224
192
129
35
31
572
448
64
Table A3-3: Cellular Teledensity (cellular subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
10
358
45
42
616
9
490
178
30
500
719
879
128
367
638
10
519
113
793
205
34
462
11
152
274
297
264
401
466
19
9
35
66
419
116
380
10
8
..
511
215
141
3
19
94
181
77
584
3
744
965
883
34
120
272
189
84
173
76
0
777
1
644
133
910
696
367
224
75
145
785
36
902
352
376
207
131
14
2003
2003
2003
1999
2003
2002
2002
2002
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2001
2002
2003
65
Table A3-3: Cellular Teledensity (cellular subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
1
99
38
55
1079
769
966
25
87
51
3
880
..
961
1018
680
679
242
64
50
6
0
701
572
27
20
526
234
47
1
23
337
630
1194
812
177
17
13
442
149
23
725
11
127
267
216
295
54
132
..
130
244
23
1
116
2
768
899
424
648
85
6
26
44
909
228
18
..
268
3
299
106
270
451
898
467
533
324
249
16
58
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2000
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
66
Table A3-3: Cellular Teledensity (cellular subscribers/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
626
32
321
56
595
14
852
684
871
3
42
364
916
73
106
89
529
20
320
84
980
843
65
7
25
394
44
34
399
197
394
2
30
136
736
912
546
193
13
38
273
34
375
133
35
338
22
32
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1999-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
296
37
280
179
381
158
96
325
249
167
37
73
827
569
67
Table A3-4: Mainlines Teledensity Outside Largest City (mainlines/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
0
38
55
..
..
1
430
188
101
..
516
452
53
283
..
2
..
250
..
116
4
..
17
54
183
..
167
106
305
2
0
1
3
..
113
909
..
0
..
153
132
146
..
..
..
..
9
..
34
627
339
..
3
..
163
94
108
..
4
2
261
2
..
114
512
..
233
12
10
57
632
4
454
..
281
..
..
1
2001
2000
2001
..
..
2000
1998
1998
2001
..
1998
1997
2001
2001
..
2001
..
2000
..
2001
2000
..
2002
2001
2000
..
2000
2001
1999
2001
1998
2001
1999
..
2000
1998
..
2000
..
2001
2001
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2001
2001
2001
..
2000
..
2002
2001
2003
..
1998
2001
2001
2001
..
2001
1997
..
1998
1997
2001
2000
2001
2001
2000
..
2000
..
..
1997
68
Table A3-4: Mainlines Teledensity Outside Largest City (mainlines/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
0
61
..
31
..
330
562
36
23
142
18
..
..
..
..
..
481
86
99
4
10
..
518
413
56
5
217
382
5
..
93
..
302
..
..
..
1
3
198
36
1
498
49
2
241
80
132
..
128
..
28
41
..
4
45
2
..
..
152
..
16
1
4
..
640
..
17
..
79
7
39
..
7
230
334
..
..
146
195
0
4
1998
1999
..
1999
..
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
1998
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
1998
2001
1998
..
2001
2000
2001
2001
2001
1998
2000
..
1999
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
1999
2001
2000
2001
2001
1999
2001
1998
2001
..
2001
..
2000
1998
..
2001
2000
2001
..
..
2000
..
1999
2001
2000
..
1998
..
1998
..
2000
2000
2001
..
2001
1998
1997
..
..
1999
1999
1999
1998
69
Table A3-4: Mainlines Teledensity Outside Largest City (mainlines/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
5
129
11
..
1
0
257
..
3
1
..
399
35
..
..
208
6
71
24
..
..
95
27
3
52
3
77
222
112
262
65
1
178
279
..
..
232
50
..
90
21
..
93
16
197
5
12
..
2000
2000
2001
..
1998
1999
2001
..
2000
1998
..
1999
2001
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2001
..
..
2000
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
1999
2001
2000
2001
1998
1998
2001
..
..
2000
2000
..
1997
1999
..
1999
2001
2001
2001
2000
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
132
17
159
96
222
88
43
173
137
125
18
16
500
334
70
Table A3-5: Households with Own Telephone (% of households)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
61
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
23
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
4
2
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
52
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
33
..
28
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
13
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
16
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
40
..
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
1
0
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
10
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9
..
11
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
75
..
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
..
9
..
..
36
..
..
..
..
..
10
..
17
5
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
67
..
..
..
..
10
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
47
..
45
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
..
..
17
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
..
27
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2001
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
2000
1998
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
1999
71
Table A3-5: Households with Own Telephone (% of households)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
2
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38
39
3
..
..
..
..
30
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
2
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
11
1
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24
16
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20
20
1
..
..
..
..
14
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
0
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
1
0
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
3
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
11
..
..
..
..
20
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
42
55
9
..
..
..
..
54
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
9
..
..
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
18
..
..
..
..
16
3
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37
29
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
1999
1998
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
2001
..
..
2001
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
2001
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
1998
..
..
..
..
..
72
Table A3-5: Households with Own Telephone (% of households)
Latest Observation
Country Name
Total
Rural
Urban
Year
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
42
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
8
..
4
7
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
1
..
0
1
..
8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
66
15
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
27
..
..
26
..
10
17
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2001
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
1997
..
2002
1999
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
13
6
22
31
13
14
9
43
23
24
4
4
..
..
4
2
5
9
1
4
2
23
4
11
1
1
..
..
23
14
31
45
17
23
24
62
34
38
15
10
..
..
73
Table A3-6: Cost of Local Phone Call (US cents/3 minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
2
4
0
8
9
6
2
2
9
19
19
10
..
5
3
0
1
17
15
11
20
2
9
2
2
5
0
3
10
7
3
6
0
5
11
43
11
..
10
3
2
17
..
..
2
9
10
9
8
15
11
8
10
6
3
2
1
5
3
11
2
40
6
16
15
32
26
3
3
11
3
9
27
9
0
8
8
..
2002
2003
2001
2001
2002
1999
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
..
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2000
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2002
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2000
2002
2002
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
..
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
1998
2002
2003
2003
1997
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2002
2003
2000
2003
2001
2001
2002
74
Table A3-6: Cost of Local Phone Call (US cents/3 minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
15
0
..
6
0
16
9
2
3
1
..
17
..
2
11
2
7
5
0
9
12
..
3
0
10
6
12
10
22
..
..
11
16
104
0
1
7
6
2
6
7
12
0
11
4
11
14
0
2
..
2
17
8
6
4
1
11
..
27
0
8
10
10
..
15
7
2
..
12
8
9
8
0
9
13
..
0
12
2
9
4
1997
2003
..
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
..
2002
2001
2003
2003
2003
2002
2002
2003
..
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
..
..
2001
2003
2003
2003
2001
2002
2002
2003
2003
2001
2002
2003
2003
2002
1999
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2001
..
2001
2003
2003
2001
2003
..
2002
2003
2003
..
2001
2003
2001
2002
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2003
1999
2002
2003
75
Table A3-6: Cost of Local Phone Call (US cents/3 minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
6
17
5
20
16
3
2
19
8
6
5
15
7
9
..
9
13
3
6
5
11
15
1
1
12
7
10
5
4
2
14
..
21
0
0
18
0
17
1
25
2
2
0
5
2
1
9
1
2000
2002
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
..
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2001
2002
2002
2003
2002
2003
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
..
2002
1999
2003
2002
2003
2000
2001
2003
2003
2003
2000
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
9
8
7
6
9
8
5
7
7
6
4
10
15
9
76
Table A3-7: Cost of Phone Call to the US (US cents/3 minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
247
415
..
230
134
590
277
581
290
68
160
555
240
199
207
405
225
200
284
576
350
115
367
302
364
177
..
146
258
371
..
325
120
526
..
1359
911
..
218
670
200
..
..
..
193
638
..
735
28
83
152
473
..
390
175
257
123
..
355
74
705
..
407
106
638
367
1088
346
68
35
113
67
241
397
..
76
461
..
2003
1999
..
1998
2003
1998
1999
1999
1999
2003
1998
2003
1999
2003
2003
2003
2003
1998
2003
2001
1998
2003
1999
2003
1999
1999
..
2003
2003
2003
..
1999
1998
1999
..
2003
2001
..
2001
1998
1999
..
..
..
2000
2003
..
2001
2003
2003
1999
2003
..
1998
2001
2003
2001
..
2003
2003
2003
..
1999
2002
1999
2000
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
2001
2000
1999
..
1999
2001
77
Table A3-7: Cost of Phone Call to the US (US cents/3 minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
389
710
285
262
79
84
320
418
195
..
73
..
330
140
520
167
196
276
436
696
..
174
148
904
637
202
448
231
..
..
..
231
40
112
395
741
6
237
586
1228
333
..
436
250
..
304
600
221
..
492
163
522
36
428
528
65
..
343
94
320
877
715
..
31
78
360
..
436
432
82
245
481
179
93
87
195
182
291
1123
136
..
1999
1998
2003
2003
2003
2000
2001
1999
2003
..
1999
..
1998
1999
1998
2000
2003
1999
2003
2000
..
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
1999
2001
..
..
..
2003
2000
2003
1999
2003
2001
2001
2003
2001
2001
..
1999
2003
..
2001
2003
2003
..
2000
2003
1999
2001
2000
1999
1999
..
2000
1999
2003
2001
1999
..
2003
2003
2000
..
2000
2000
2001
1999
1999
2003
2002
1998
2003
2003
1999
1999
2003
78
Table A3-7: Cost of Phone Call to the US (US cents/3 minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
495
240
181
559
274
68
79
52
..
..
58
188
233
..
..
397
392
129
242
32
98
481
695
528
154
215
109
222
228
209
..
351
..
173
115
..
488
1395
745
520
944
87
15
410
208
645
436
..
2003
2003
2001
1999
1999
2000
2001
2003
..
..
2001
1998
2003
..
..
2000
2001
2002
2003
2001
1999
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2003
..
2003
..
2003
1999
..
2000
2000
2000
1998
1999
1998
2003
2003
2003
2003
2000
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1998-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
335
504
309
314
305
407
450
326
325
281
336
497
128
206
79
Table A3-8: Cost of Cellular Local Call (US cents/3 off-peak minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
20
78
30
24
8
..
123
35
75
189
101
30
90
32
31
105
10
84
90
59
75
..
15
46
33
36
..
..
103
68
57
103
20
90
..
52
..
..
59
14
2
73
..
..
25
62
51
90
44
25
25
34
..
37
..
13
..
..
..
43
11
159
30
42
101
282
65
48
20
54
71
96
14
44
240
38
46
..
2001
2003
2003
2001
2003
..
1999
2002
2001
2003
2003
2002
1999
2002
2003
2002
2002
2003
2002
2003
2002
..
2000
2001
2003
2002
..
..
2003
2003
2002
2003
1999
2002
..
2003
..
..
1999
2002
2003
2003
..
..
2001
2003
1999
2001
2002
2001
2001
2003
..
1999
..
2003
..
..
..
2001
2002
1997
2002
2001
2003
2003
2003
2001
2003
2002
2002
1999
2000
2001
2002
2001
2002
80
Table A3-8: Cost of Cellular Local Call (US cents/3 off-peak minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
46
..
149
18
26
35
13
..
66
..
62
..
..
28
50
32
59
..
57
117
..
21
20
..
21
39
168
26
..
..
142
41
42
26
47
58
65
31
47
98
80
30
..
10
..
83
120
106
..
95
33
35
1
30
7
35
..
27
85
25
23
90
..
40
100
29
..
45
58
47
29
23
57
34
72
59
45
2
37
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2001
2001
2003
..
2001
..
2001
..
..
1999
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2003
..
2003
2002
..
2002
2000
2003
2002
..
..
2001
2002
2003
2002
1999
2003
2002
2002
2003
2001
2001
2003
..
2002
..
2001
2003
1997
..
2002
2002
2003
2002
2002
2003
2000
..
2001
2003
2003
2001
2002
..
2001
2003
2002
..
1999
2002
2000
2002
2002
1999
2002
1999
2003
2002
1999
2002
..
81
Table A3-8: Cost of Cellular Local Call (US cents/3 off-peak minutes)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
32
43
49
48
17
25
40
91
1
25
104
8
..
..
99
25
56
34
..
38
23
107
41
21
71
7
96
41
49
..
43
79
17
22
30
27
29
..
48
16
..
39
16
31
77
33
..
..
2002
2003
2001
2002
2002
2001
2000
2002
2003
2002
1999
2002
..
..
2000
2003
2002
2003
..
2002
2002
2000
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2003
2002
..
2003
1999
2003
2002
2002
2000
2002
..
2001
2003
..
1999
2003
2001
2002
2001
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
49
40
49
44
54
44
42
40
57
52
17
42
57
70
82
Table A3-9: Commercial Perception of Telephone/Fax Infrastructure Quality
(1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.8
..
..
6.6
6.7
..
..
..
1.8
..
..
6.4
..
..
..
..
4.7
..
4.6
6.0
..
4.5
..
..
..
..
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
5.5
5.5
..
..
..
2.7
..
6.2
..
..
6.2
6.9
..
..
5.5
2.8
5.5
6.2
..
..
6.2
..
..
..
7.0
6.7
..
..
..
..
6.8
..
6.0
..
..
..
4.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
83
Table A3-9: Commercial Perception of Telephone/Fax Infrastructure Quality
(1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
..
..
1.8
1.6
6.9
6.4
7.0
5.6
4.5
..
..
6.3
..
6.8
5.9
4.7
6.7
5.9
4.8
..
..
..
6.4
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
..
5.7
5.8
..
..
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
..
..
5.2
..
5.0
..
..
..
..
6.1
..
..
5.1
..
6.7
..
..
6.7
2.3
..
3.1
..
6.6
..
..
..
5.7
..
3.2
5.9
4.4
5.1
6.5
..
..
4.4
4.5
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
84
Table A3-9: Commercial Perception of Telephone/Fax Infrastructure Quality
(1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.8
6.0
6.2
..
..
5.1
6.0
5.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
6.9
..
..
..
6.2
..
..
4.8
5.5
5.2
..
..
3.7
..
6.6
6.8
6.4
..
..
5.3
4.8
..
..
..
..
..
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
5.5
3.4
5.3
4.9
5.6
4.3
5.2
5.3
4.6
5.8
4.3
4.3
6.6
6.7
85
Table A3-10: Commercial Perception of Availability of Mobile or Cellular
Telephone (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.0
..
..
6.6
6.9
..
..
..
5.8
..
..
6.9
..
..
..
..
5.2
..
5.7
6.4
..
5.2
..
..
..
..
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
5.1
5.5
..
..
..
2.9
..
6.5
..
..
6.8
6.8
..
..
5.9
5.1
6.1
6.0
..
..
6.7
..
..
..
7.0
6.6
..
..
..
..
6.9
..
6.3
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
86
Table A3-10: Commercial Perception of Availability of Mobile or Cellular
Telephone (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
..
..
5.1
4.4
6.9
6.5
7.0
6.1
5.6
..
..
6.2
..
7.0
6.6
6.3
6.6
6.3
5.8
..
..
..
6.6
..
..
..
6.1
..
..
..
..
..
6.4
6.2
..
..
..
..
6.3
..
..
..
..
..
6.1
..
5.2
..
..
..
..
6.4
..
..
5.9
..
6.9
..
..
6.7
4.2
..
5.3
..
6.8
..
..
..
5.8
..
5.9
5.8
6.3
6.1
6.7
..
..
6.1
5.4
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
87
Table A3-10: Commercial Perception of Availability of Mobile or Cellular
Telephone (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
6.5
6.8
..
..
6.3
6.3
5.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.0
6.8
..
..
..
6.3
..
..
5.7
4.9
6.5
..
..
3.8
..
6.9
6.4
5.7
..
..
5.9
4.8
..
..
..
..
..
4.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
6.1
5.0
5.9
5.8
6.0
5.5
5.7
6.0
5.5
5.9
5.9
5.7
6.7
6.9
88
Table A3-11: Commercial Perception of Internet Access in Schools (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.2
..
..
5.8
5.7
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
..
2.5
..
3.2
4.2
..
2.8
..
..
..
..
6.2
..
..
..
..
..
4.6
3.1
3.0
..
..
..
3.5
..
3.7
..
..
4.8
5.8
..
..
3.4
2.2
2.3
3.3
..
..
5.8
..
..
..
6.7
4.8
..
..
..
..
5.2
..
3.5
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
89
Table A3-11: Commercial Perception of Internet Access in Schools (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
1.4
1.9
6.0
5.0
6.3
3.2
2.8
..
..
4.9
..
6.0
3.4
2.8
4.8
4.2
2.1
..
..
..
6.3
..
..
..
4.3
..
..
..
..
..
3.6
4.7
..
..
..
..
4.1
..
..
..
..
..
3.4
..
3.1
..
..
..
..
2.8
..
..
3.4
..
5.7
..
..
5.8
1.5
..
1.3
..
5.3
..
..
..
3.3
..
2.0
2.8
3.5
3.6
4.7
..
..
3.3
3.0
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
90
Table A3-11: Commercial Perception of Internet Access in Schools (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.3
4.2
5.5
..
..
3.6
4.7
2.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.2
5.9
..
..
..
4.2
..
..
2.9
4.6
3.2
..
..
2.1
..
5.7
5.9
3.7
..
..
2.7
2.7
..
..
..
..
..
2.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
4.0
2.1
3.4
3.0
3.8
2.8
3.4
3.7
2.8
3.5
2.7
2.8
5.4
6.0
91
Table A3-12: Commercial Perception of Postal Efficiency (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
6.5
6.4
..
..
..
2.8
..
..
6.1
..
..
..
..
3.1
..
5.2
5.3
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
6.5
..
..
..
..
..
4.7
4.9
3.9
..
..
..
3.0
..
5.3
..
..
6.0
6.8
..
..
2.6
2.2
4.7
2.3
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
6.8
6.0
..
..
..
..
6.7
..
4.5
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
92
Table A3-12: Commercial Perception of Postal Efficiency (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
2.8
1.9
6.6
5.1
6.7
3.9
3.3
..
..
5.7
..
6.5
4.6
3.1
6.8
4.4
2.5
..
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
4.3
..
..
..
..
..
4.2
6.8
..
..
..
..
5.2
..
..
..
..
..
4.5
..
2.6
..
..
..
..
5.2
..
..
4.1
..
6.0
..
..
6.7
2.7
..
1.9
..
6.2
..
..
..
3.1
..
2.3
3.2
1.8
4.4
6.3
..
..
3.8
3.7
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
93
Table A3-12: Commercial Perception of Postal Efficiency (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.5
5.4
6.4
..
..
3.3
5.2
3.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.6
6.7
..
..
..
5.1
..
..
4.4
5.3
4.1
..
..
3.0
..
5.9
6.7
4.0
..
..
1.9
4.7
..
..
..
..
..
2.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
4.6
3.1
3.9
3.5
4.4
3.5
4.2
4.3
3.1
4.9
3.3
3.7
6.2
6.5
94
Table A3-13: Phone Faults (reported faults/100 mainlines)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
57
6
..
14
37
59
17
53
..
8
5
45
..
15
208
..
25
6
50
6
..
..
..
..
37
2
86
3
20
32
7
60
..
43
56
..
61
..
25
..
33
56
..
..
5
81
12
10
26
7
9
9
..
..
35
1
35
62
51
16
100
..
9
8
..
25
1
..
17
..
67
14
..
9
..
..
2
..
2002
2001
..
1997
1999
1998
1998
2003
..
2002
2003
2003
..
2001
1998
..
2003
2003
2003
2001
..
..
..
..
1997
2003
1998
2003
2002
1998
1999
1998
..
2003
1998
..
2001
..
2001
..
2003
2002
..
..
2003
2003
2002
2002
2002
2003
2003
2002
..
..
2001
2003
2003
1998
2003
2001
2003
..
2002
1998
..
1999
2003
..
2002
..
2001
2003
..
1998
..
..
2002
95
Table A3-13: Phone Faults (reported faults/100 mainlines)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
71
87
..
4
1
17
..
126
20
3
..
6
..
..
16
40
..
13
..
149
..
..
1
4
..
..
20
..
75
144
..
1
16
7
15
..
43
..
40
46
178
21
..
115
41
13
2
48
5
..
21
25
70
155
40
88
1
..
27
31
5
105
21
..
14
..
99
..
8
..
3
17
5
17
10
..
23
9
35
16
22
2000
1999
..
2002
2003
1997
..
2002
2001
1998
..
2003
..
..
1998
2002
..
2003
..
2002
..
..
2003
2003
..
..
2003
..
2003
1997
..
2002
2003
2001
2003
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2000
2002
..
1999
2002
1998
2003
2003
2003
..
2003
2000
2002
2003
2003
2002
1999
..
2003
2000
2003
2001
2003
..
1997
..
1998
..
2003
..
2001
1999
1997
2001
2003
..
2003
2003
1999
1999
1999
96
Table A3-13: Phone Faults (reported faults/100 mainlines)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
4
2
17
6
23
99
10
23
5
..
48
14
17
..
..
17
5
39
70
..
18
50
144
24
92
6
..
75
28
30
86
80
34
0
11
13
6
87
..
2
..
..
94
..
..
91
223
..
1999
2002
2001
2003
1998
2003
2003
2003
1999
..
2002
2003
2002
..
..
2003
1999
2003
2003
..
1999
2001
2003
2002
2003
2002
..
1997
2002
2003
2001
1998
1999
2002
2002
2003
1999
2001
..
2001
..
..
2003
..
..
2002
1997
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
37
64
25
33
18
45
39
34
24
23
97
57
11
28
97
Table A3-14: Unmet Demand (% of main telephone lines in operation)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
45
39
..
0
31
..
1
11
..
0
0
0
..
..
21
1
10
..
4
45
0
10
1
..
19
1
2
4
20
23
..
53
0
1
0
13
6
..
1
..
16
33
..
..
1
1
0
..
1
1
0
0
..
..
1
1
6
34
121
1
34
0
5
0
0
..
11
28
13
0
64
0
0
0
0
..
6
..
2002
2001
..
2000
1999
..
2000
2003
..
2003
2002
2003
..
..
2003
2001
2003
..
2003
2000
1999
2003
1999
..
1998
2001
1998
2003
2002
2001
..
1998
2002
2003
1998
2002
1999
..
2001
..
2001
2002
..
..
2003
2003
2002
..
2003
2003
2001
2003
..
..
2001
2003
2001
1998
2003
2003
2003
2000
2002
2002
2001
..
2002
2002
2003
2003
2001
2003
2000
2000
1999
..
2001
98
Table A3-14: Unmet Demand (% of main telephone lines in operation)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
46
118
..
99
0
1
0
4
..
11
..
..
..
..
0
38
0
0
9
34
1
..
0
0
10
14
2
..
73
36
15
0
0
0
0
..
3
24
1
0
..
0
..
289
4
10
0
1
11
..
26
0
15
28
2
86
0
..
2
0
72
..
0
0
0
1
5
..
..
0
8
2
..
4
1
..
0
11
17
63
37
2000
1999
..
2003
2003
2003
2002
2001
..
2003
..
..
..
..
2000
2002
2001
2003
2001
2002
1998
..
2003
2003
2003
2000
2003
..
2003
1999
1999
2001
2003
2003
2003
..
2002
2002
2003
2002
..
2002
..
1999
2002
1998
2001
2003
2003
..
2003
2000
2002
2003
2002
2003
2000
..
2000
2003
1999
..
2003
1999
2002
2002
2003
..
..
2000
1998
2001
..
2001
1999
..
2003
2003
2001
1999
2003
99
Table A3-14: Unmet Demand (% of main telephone lines in operation)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
0
10
2
4
9
144
0
1
0
0
625
1
0
42
..
..
1
99
8
49
0
0
154
2
5
9
54
37
4
11
0
9
16
20
0
0
0
0
2
..
14
..
2
0
130
12
13
44
2000
2002
2002
2001
2003
1998
2003
2003
2003
2000
2003
2000
1999
2003
..
..
2003
2001
2003
2003
2000
2002
2001
2003
2002
2003
2002
2001
1999
2002
2003
2001
1999
2002
2002
2002
1999
2000
2001
..
1997
..
1997
2003
2002
2003
2002
2003
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2003)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
21
47
12
20
4
29
13
8
17
26
24
50
0
0
100
APPENDIX 4: Transport Data by Country
101
Table A4-1: Road Density in Terms of Population (road-km/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
5.7
3.5
..
..
4.0
3.5
6.1
2.7
..
42.8
24.8
3.4
9.0
5.0
1.6
5.9
8.1
14.4
11.8
1.1
..
4.7
7.0
5.6
6.2
10.1
3.5
4.7
1.1
..
1.0
2.3
44.9
2.6
..
6.5
4.4
..
5.2
1.4
2.7
1.6
3.4
3.8
9.0
3.3
6.4
5.5
15.2
12.5
13.4
4.4
10.9
1.5
3.4
1.0
1.6
6.5
1.0
41.2
0.5
..
4.3
15.1
15.0
..
6.7
2.1
3.9
2.8
2.3
10.8
..
10.3
..
1.3
4.2
..
2002
1999
..
..
2001
1999
1999
2002
..
1999
2002
2002
1999
2002
1999
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
..
2002
2002
1999
1999
2000
1999
2002
1999
..
2000
1999
2002
1999
..
1999
1999
..
2001
2002
1999
1999
1997
1999
2002
1999
2002
1999
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
2002
2002
..
1999
2002
2002
..
2000
1999
2002
1999
2001
1999
..
1999
..
1999
1999
102
Table A4-1: Road Density in Terms of Population (road-km/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
3.3
10.5
0.5
2.2
0.3
15.7
45.1
3.2
1.7
2.7
2.0
24.4
..
2.6
8.3
7.3
9.2
1.4
5.6
2.1
7.6
1.4
1.9
2.1
3.8
4.2
25.9
1.7
3.4
3.5
16.2
..
22.2
11.9
0.8
4.3
3.3
2.8
2.9
..
1.4
5.6
..
3.0
1.7
..
3.4
2.1
3.0
..
20.1
1.9
1.8
..
21.3
0.6
7.4
..
..
23.5
3.5
1.0
1.6
..
20.2
14.0
1.8
..
4.1
3.9
5.7
3.0
2.5
9.5
1.7
6.3
2.2
9.1
3.7
1.6
4.6
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
2002
2002
2002
2002
1998
1999
2002
..
2002
1999
1999
2001
2002
2002
2000
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
2002
2000
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
1999
2002
..
1999
2002
..
1999
1999
2002
..
2002
2002
1999
..
2002
2002
1999
..
..
2002
2002
1999
1999
..
2002
1999
2001
..
2000
1999
1999
2001
2002
2001
2001
2001
1999
2002
2001
1999
1999
103
Table A4-1: Road Density in Terms of Population (road-km/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
2.2
7.3
1.6
4.8
2.2
0.8
8.0
10.2
3.3
2.6
6.1
16.3
..
7.6
7.9
7.6
0.4
10.4
3.0
23.9
9.8
3.8
4.5
2.7
0.9
1.7
6.8
6.5
2.0
5.1
5.3
1.2
3.5
0.4
6.3
22.4
2.7
3.3
5.5
4.0
1.2
..
..
3.9
4.8
6.9
1.5
..
1999
2000
1999
1997
2002
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
2002
2001
..
1999
1999
2002
1999
2002
2000
2002
2002
2002
2000
1999
2000
1999
1999
1999
2001
2002
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
2001
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
..
1999
1997
1999
1998
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
6.7
3.0
7.0
4.9
9.2
5.0
4.2
8.6
5.7
4.8
2.4
3.3
17.3
4.3
104
Table A4-2: Road Density in Terms of Land (road-km/1000 sq km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
32.2
656.9
43.7
..
..
41.3
568.2
78.7
299.0
..
105.6
2417.5
339.3
269.0
4871.8
1594.0
3720.9
385.5
4929.8
126.0
61.4
..
85.3
55.6
426.7
18.0
203.9
218.2
335.1
45.7
..
69.8
73.7
152.8
273.0
..
38.2
26.5
..
106.3
189.3
108.8
394.6
69.3
37.5
691.4
158.5
506.9
554.2
1254.7
1646.0
1693.3
124.7
1040.0
260.4
156.0
64.3
484.0
102.7
39.7
1319.7
33.3
..
188.3
258.2
1623.5
..
32.8
270.0
291.1
661.2
202.9
907.7
..
3058.8
..
130.2
124.1
1999
2002
1999
..
..
2001
1999
1999
2002
..
1999
2002
2002
1999
2002
1999
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
..
2002
2002
1999
1999
2000
1999
2002
1999
..
2000
1999
2002
1999
..
1999
1999
..
2001
2002
1999
1999
1997
1999
2002
1999
2002
1999
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
2002
2002
..
1999
2002
2002
..
2000
1999
2002
1999
2001
1999
..
1999
..
1999
1999
105
Table A4-2: Road Density in Terms of Land (road-km/1000 sq km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
156.5
40.5
150.9
121.6
1757.2
1732.6
129.5
1115.0
203.3
102.2
104.1
1389.7
..
778.6
1631.0
1726.7
3214.4
82.1
30.7
112.3
917.8
259.1
881.1
249.7
96.5
94.1
974.6
713.6
195.7
110.0
47.3
..
1230.8
2014.7
16238.1
341.5
85.7
301.9
200.5
..
12.4
6943.8
..
7.5
985.2
..
172.6
341.9
386.8
25641.0
31.4
129.3
38.8
..
51.3
107.0
3438.6
..
..
344.7
154.1
8.0
213.4
..
299.9
106.0
334.3
..
156.4
43.3
74.3
61.1
677.9
1198.3
187.3
2708.3
111.8
864.6
31.8
486.4
279.2
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
2002
2002
2002
2002
1998
1999
2002
..
2002
1999
1999
2001
2002
2002
2000
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
2002
2000
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
1999
2002
..
1999
2002
..
1999
1999
2002
1999
2002
2002
1999
..
2002
2002
1999
..
..
2002
2002
1999
1999
..
2002
1999
2001
..
2000
1999
1999
2001
2002
2001
2001
2001
1999
2002
2001
1999
1999
106
Table A4-2: Road Density in Terms of Land (road-km/1000 sq km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
333.3
70.7
75.7
828.9
157.8
4672.1
880.5
1006.5
48.6
35.2
227.2
1331.2
..
888.9
1983.6
2125.6
5.0
28.8
180.6
518.0
1800.6
352.0
197.5
99.8
112.4
138.3
944.4
1621.8
122.3
460.5
51.1
137.0
292.9
13.0
1544.0
696.4
51.3
197.0
87.8
109.0
286.6
..
..
126.9
494.3
89.8
47.4
..
1999
2000
1999
1997
2002
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
2002
2001
..
1999
1999
2002
1999
2002
2000
2002
2002
2002
2000
1999
2000
1999
1999
1999
2001
2002
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
2001
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
..
1999
1997
1999
1999
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
840.6
181.0
702.0
327.7
1076.4
441.5
276.4
580.3
712.7
608.9
544.6
155.7
1340.4
4390.9
107
Table A4-3: Rail Lines Density in Terms of Population (rail-km/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
0.14
0.11
..
..
..
..
0.98
0.23
..
..
0.71
..
..
..
0.02
..
0.56
0.34
..
..
..
..
0.43
0.25
..
0.17
..
0.55
0.05
..
0.05
0.06
1.31
..
..
..
..
..
0.32
0.05
0.07
..
0.07
0.28
0.22
0.04
0.61
0.39
..
0.93
0.42
..
..
..
..
0.08
0.19
..
..
0.71
..
..
..
1.13
0.49
..
0.56
..
0.30
0.43
0.05
0.22
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
1997
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2000
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2000
2002
..
..
..
..
..
108
Table A4-3: Rail Lines Density in Terms of Population (rail-km/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
..
..
..
0.76
..
0.06
0.03
0.09
0.10
0.49
..
0.10
0.28
..
0.16
0.06
0.91
0.08
..
0.23
0.07
..
0.08
..
0.97
..
..
..
..
..
0.51
..
..
0.34
0.05
0.07
0.07
..
0.06
..
..
..
..
..
0.26
..
0.26
..
0.74
0.06
0.11
..
1.23
..
0.17
..
..
1.02
..
..
0.03
..
0.90
..
0.05
..
..
..
..
0.08
0.01
0.53
0.28
..
..
0.52
0.59
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
1998
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2000
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2000
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2001
..
2002
..
..
1999
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
1999
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
109
Table A4-3: Rail Lines Density in Terms of Population (rail-km/1000 people)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
0.05
0.09
..
..
..
0.68
0.62
..
..
0.44
0.34
0.08
..
..
..
0.14
..
..
1.10
0.44
0.14
0.10
0.13
0.07
..
..
..
0.20
0.12
0.53
0.01
0.45
..
0.29
0.57
0.89
0.16
..
0.02
0.03
..
..
..
0.47
0.13
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
1999
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2000
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2000
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
2000
..
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
0.33
0.13
0.40
0.30
0.51
0.27
0.14
0.47
0.33
0.10
0.05
0.18
0.53
0.36
110
Table A4-4: Rail Lines Density in Terms of Land (rail-km/1000 sq km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
16.31
1.50
..
..
..
..
13.06
25.21
..
..
68.81
..
..
..
21.44
..
26.57
116.37
..
..
..
..
3.41
20.16
..
3.59
..
39.03
2.27
..
3.42
2.18
4.27
..
..
..
..
..
6.57
6.50
3.04
..
1.61
3.00
16.61
2.01
48.75
39.90
..
122.92
53.57
..
..
..
..
5.17
58.01
..
..
22.81
..
..
..
19.21
53.36
..
2.84
..
22.52
102.79
4.19
18.49
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
1997
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
2000
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2000
2002
..
..
..
..
..
111
Table A4-4: Rail Lines Density in Terms of Land (rail-km/1000 sq km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
..
..
..
83.92
..
21.24
2.94
3.76
5.35
27.86
..
31.14
55.45
..
55.13
3.28
5.04
4.63
..
43.30
31.63
..
2.17
..
36.57
..
..
..
..
..
28.32
..
..
27.49
1.52
7.55
4.98
..
0.60
..
..
..
..
..
13.97
..
34.06
..
1.16
4.27
2.64
..
2.89
..
82.82
..
..
14.60
..
..
3.85
..
13.31
..
10.11
..
..
..
..
1.66
1.65
66.03
31.48
..
..
49.44
5.07
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
1998
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2000
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2000
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
2001
..
2002
..
..
1999
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
1999
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
112
Table A4-4: Rail Lines Density in Terms of Land (rail-km/1000 sq km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
0.50
4.71
..
..
..
74.94
61.08
..
..
16.50
27.74
22.39
..
..
..
1.93
..
..
23.95
81.49
13.33
4.39
5.05
7.92
..
..
..
12.29
11.27
5.37
1.31
38.11
..
70.79
17.47
17.10
9.96
..
0.49
7.82
..
..
..
37.34
1.71
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
1999
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2000
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
2002
2000
2002
2002
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
2000
..
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
23.12
9.33
23.26
15.20
31.33
16.30
8.85
33.22
14.78
5.50
18.79
3.65
46.22
46.11
113
Table A4-5: Average Passenger Rail Tariff (PPP cents/passenger-km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
3
..
..
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
4702
..
..
3
..
13
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
7
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
8
8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
1999
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
1997
..
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
1999
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
2000
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
114
Table A4-5: Average Passenger Rail Tariff (PPP cents/passenger-km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
..
10
..
..
12
..
..
0
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
5
4
..
..
..
13
3452
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
1997
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
1998
2000
..
..
..
2000
1998
..
..
115
Table A4-5: Average Passenger Rail Tariff (PPP cents/passenger-km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
3
3
..
..
..
8
3
..
..
..
..
..
14
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
1999
2000
..
..
..
1999
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2000)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
232
4
376
745
6
190
5
911
4
5
2
4
9
..
116
Table A4-6: Average Freight Rail Tariff (PPP cents/ton-km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
12
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
12
..
..
3
..
6428
..
..
9
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
6
4
..
..
..
..
..
11
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
3
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
1999
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
1999
..
2000
..
..
1997
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
1999
1999
..
..
..
..
..
1999
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
2000
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
117
Table A4-6: Average Freight Rail Tariff (PPP cents/ton-km)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
8
..
..
4
..
..
..
9
..
..
..
..
..
50
5
..
..
..
10
3545
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1997
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
..
..
1999
..
..
1997
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
1998
2000
..
..
..
2000
1998
..
..
118
Table A4-6: Average Freight Rail Tariff (PPP cents/ton-km)
Country Name
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2000)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
Latest Observation
Year
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
..
8
4
..
..
..
6
2
..
0
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
1999
2000
..
..
..
1999
2000
..
1998
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
256
8
460
916
5
234
13
1114
5
6
9
6
4
..
119
Table A4-7: Travel Time to Work in Main Cities (minutes/one-way work trip)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
25
..
..
..
..
..
31
30
..
..
..
..
..
..
43
..
..
..
..
48
..
..
29
12
..
31
..
29
..
25
45
43
..
..
..
..
..
..
37
..
37
..
57
25
..
33
31
54
..
24
..
..
..
30
26
40
..
..
..
35
..
..
..
..
..
..
38
22
..
..
21
..
..
..
..
15
45
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
1998
..
..
1998
1998
..
1998
..
1998
..
1998
1998
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
1998
..
1998
1998
..
1998
1998
1998
..
1998
..
..
..
1998
1998
1998
..
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
..
..
1998
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
120
Table A4-7: Travel Time to Work in Main Cities (minutes/one-way work trip)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24
33
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
45
25
27
34
..
..
51
10
35
27
..
10
15
60
20
..
37
..
..
..
60
5
40
..
30
..
..
50
..
..
23
..
23
..
30
25
60
45
20
18
..
..
..
..
15
23
53
..
..
20
..
..
15
..
25
18
35
25
..
..
..
..
35
45
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
1998
1998
..
..
1998
1998
1998
1998
..
1998
1998
1998
1998
..
1998
..
..
..
1998
1998
1998
..
1998
..
..
1998
..
..
1998
..
1998
..
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
1998
..
..
1998
..
..
1998
..
1998
1998
1998
1998
..
..
..
..
1998
1998
..
121
Table A4-7: Travel Time to Work in Main Cities (minutes/one-way work trip)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
17
..
..
30
..
30
..
..
35
32
25
..
..
..
..
..
..
22
..
40
..
..
45
23
..
..
..
32
..
16
..
..
21
24
45
..
..
..
28
..
..
20
40
..
23
..
..
..
1998
..
..
1998
..
1998
..
..
1998
1998
1998
..
..
..
..
..
..
1998
..
1998
..
..
1998
1998
..
..
..
1998
..
1998
..
..
1998
1998
1998
..
..
..
1998
..
..
1998
1998
..
1998
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1998)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
31
33
29
30
29
31
36
29
29
25
27
34
32
23
122
Table A4-8: Commercial Perception of Services Delivered by Road
Department/Public Works (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
3.4
..
..
..
..
..
4.4
3.0
..
..
..
3.6
..
..
3.9
..
4.4
..
4.5
..
..
..
2.4
3.2
5.3
3.5
..
2.3
..
..
4.2
2.4
4.6
..
..
..
..
..
4.2
4.6
3.5
..
..
..
3.1
4.2
4.1
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
4.2
3.6
5.4
4.2
..
..
3.1
3.5
..
..
..
4.9
..
..
..
3.8
4.3
4.6
..
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
123
Table A4-8: Commercial Perception of Services Delivered by Road
Department/Public Works (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
..
..
2.4
3.9
..
4.1
..
3.3
4.2
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
3.3
1.7
..
..
..
..
3.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.6
..
..
..
2.5
2.7
5.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.5
..
2.7
..
..
..
..
..
5.9
..
..
..
..
..
3.8
..
3.1
..
..
..
4.5
..
4.7
..
..
4.7
4.2
3.4
4.1
..
..
3.5
3.6
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
2000
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
124
Table A4-8: Commercial Perception of Services Delivered by Road
Department/Public Works (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
3.7
..
..
6.1
4.2
4.5
..
..
5.3
5.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.5
..
..
..
3.3
4.3
..
..
4.3
5.6
4.0
..
4.1
3.6
..
3.8
4.1
4.8
4.1
..
3.4
..
..
..
..
..
3.2
3.8
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2000
2000
..
..
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
..
2000
2000
2000
2000
..
2000
..
..
..
..
..
2000
2000
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2000)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
4.0
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.8
4.4
3.6
4.0
5.5
3.9
3.7
4.3
5.3
125
Table A4-9: Commercial Perception of Port Facilities (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.8
..
..
5.8
4.6
..
..
..
2.2
..
..
6.6
..
..
..
..
1.5
..
2.9
3.6
..
3.6
..
..
..
..
6.3
..
..
..
..
..
4.3
3.8
2.5
..
..
..
2.0
..
2.5
..
..
2.7
6.2
..
..
3.0
3.1
4.4
2.7
..
..
5.1
..
..
..
6.3
5.7
..
..
..
..
6.4
..
3.7
..
..
..
2.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
126
Table A4-9: Commercial Perception of Port Facilities (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
1.6
3.5
6.7
3.2
6.1
3.0
2.9
..
..
3.6
..
5.2
3.9
4.9
5.7
4.0
3.1
..
..
..
5.2
..
..
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
..
3.9
4.6
..
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
..
4.9
..
3.1
..
..
..
..
3.7
..
..
5.0
..
6.5
..
..
5.8
2.1
..
3.1
..
5.7
..
..
..
6.0
..
2.2
2.7
2.2
3.3
4.5
..
..
3.3
4.1
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
127
Table A4-9: Commercial Perception of Port Facilities (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
3.8
5.0
..
..
4.7
4.9
4.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.0
5.1
..
..
..
4.4
..
..
4.5
4.4
3.5
..
..
3.5
..
5.4
6.3
3.7
..
..
2.3
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
4.2
2.6
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.1
4.1
3.4
3.8
5.4
5.9
128
Table A4-10: Commercial Perception of Railroad Services (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.7
..
..
..
5.0
5.4
..
..
..
2.3
..
..
6.2
..
..
..
..
1.5
..
4.0
2.5
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
1.8
3.7
1.3
..
..
..
1.1
..
2.3
..
..
4.8
6.0
..
..
1.4
1.1
4.5
1.1
..
..
3.6
..
..
..
6.0
6.5
..
..
..
..
6.2
..
2.8
..
..
..
1.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
129
Table A4-10: Commercial Perception of Railroad Services (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
1.1
1.2
5.7
4.0
2.6
4.9
2.6
..
..
2.5
..
2.9
3.7
1.2
6.7
2.4
4.3
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
3.9
..
..
..
..
..
3.6
4.0
..
..
..
..
4.9
..
..
..
..
..
2.1
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
3.2
..
..
4.1
..
5.0
..
..
3.9
1.8
..
1.2
..
4.0
..
..
..
2.6
..
1.0
1.7
1.6
3.2
4.0
..
..
2.9
4.7
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
130
Table A4-10: Commercial Perception of Railroad Services (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.6
4.7
3.8
..
..
4.3
4.3
3.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.4
6.6
..
..
..
3.6
..
..
1.4
3.7
2.2
..
..
4.3
..
3.6
4.6
1.4
..
..
1.0
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
3.4
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.1
3.7
1.5
3.5
3.6
3.2
4.8
4.5
131
Table A4-11: Commercial Perception of Air Transport Services (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.3
..
..
6.0
6.0
..
..
..
2.8
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
..
3.1
..
4.3
5.2
..
2.9
..
..
..
..
6.1
..
..
..
..
..
5.5
3.6
4.5
..
..
..
3.8
..
3.9
..
..
4.9
6.2
..
..
5.3
2.8
4.6
5.4
..
..
4.9
..
..
..
6.3
5.9
..
..
..
..
6.6
..
4.8
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2001
2002
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
132
Table A4-11: Commercial Perception of Air Transport Services (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
..
..
3.1
3.0
6.7
4.2
5.7
4.8
4.2
..
..
4.6
..
5.8
4.9
5.8
5.1
4.9
3.1
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
4.5
..
..
..
..
..
4.3
4.8
..
..
..
..
5.9
..
..
..
..
..
5.3
..
4.8
..
..
..
..
4.8
..
..
4.7
..
6.6
..
..
5.7
3.3
..
4.0
..
5.5
..
..
..
5.4
..
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.8
5.7
..
..
3.7
4.1
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2001
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2001
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
133
Table A4-11: Commercial Perception of Air Transport Services (1=worst 7=best)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.8
2.5
4.7
..
..
5.6
5.4
5.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.2
5.4
..
..
..
5.2
..
..
5.1
5.4
5.0
..
..
3.4
..
6.2
6.7
3.2
..
..
4.0
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
3.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
2002
..
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
..
2002
2002
2002
..
..
2002
2002
..
..
..
..
..
2002
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (2001-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
4.8
3.6
4.4
4.2
4.5
4.0
4.4
3.9
4.2
4.9
4.2
4.5
5.7
6.0
134
Table A4-12: Paved Roads (% of total roads)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
13
39
69
..
..
10
..
29
97
..
39
100
92
57
77
10
99
87
78
17
20
..
61
7
52
55
6
100
92
16
..
16
13
..
78
..
3
1
..
20
..
14
77
..
10
12
10
85
49
62
100
100
13
50
49
19
78
20
..
22
25
12
..
49
64
100
..
10
35
94
..
18
92
..
61
..
35
17
1999
2002
1999
..
..
2001
..
1999
2002
..
1998
2002
2002
1999
2002
1999
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
..
1997
2002
1999
1999
2000
2000
2002
1999
..
2000
1999
..
1999
..
1998
1999
..
2001
..
1999
1999
..
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
..
1999
2002
2002
..
1999
2002
2002
..
2000
1999
2002
..
2001
1999
..
1999
..
1999
1999
135
Table A4-12: Paved Roads (% of total roads)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
10
7
24
20
100
44
32
57
58
56
84
100
..
100
100
70
77
100
94
12
..
6
77
81
91
45
95
85
18
6
57
..
90
100
100
64
12
19
78
..
12
90
..
11
98
..
33
18
86
100
4
56
19
..
13
31
90
..
..
64
11
8
31
..
78
30
59
..
35
4
51
13
10
68
86
94
90
50
67
8
42
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
2002
2002
1999
2002
1998
1999
2002
..
2002
1999
1999
2001
1999
2002
2000
..
1999
2001
1999
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
2002
2002
2000
1999
1999
1999
2001
..
1999
2002
..
1999
2002
..
1999
1999
2002
1999
2002
2002
1999
..
2002
2002
1999
..
..
2002
2002
1999
1999
..
2002
1999
2001
..
1999
1999
1999
2001
2002
2001
1999
2001
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
136
Table A4-12: Paved Roads (% of total roads)
Country Name
Latest Observation
Year
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
..
68
30
29
85
8
100
87
100
3
12
21
99
..
43
5
70
36
26
..
79
..
14
..
4
99
32
27
51
65
42
81
7
97
100
100
59
90
87
24
34
25
..
..
12
59
..
47
..
1999
2000
2000
1997
2002
2002
2002
2002
1999
1999
2002
2001
..
1999
1999
2002
1999
2002
..
2002
..
2002
..
1999
2000
1999
1999
1999
2001
2002
1999
1999
2002
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
..
1999
1997
..
1999
UNWEIGHTED AVERAGES (1997-2002)
World
Low Income
Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Upper Middle Income
Low & Middle Income (developing)
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin American & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High Income OECD
High Income Non-OECD
50
30
52
47
57
41
32
76
36
56
38
25
82
90
137
APPENDIX 5: Institutional Reform Data by Country
138
Table A5-1: Electricity Reform Indicators as of 2004
Regulation
Ownership
Market Structure
Country Name
Existence of
Independent
Regulatory
Agency
Existence of Private Existence of Private
Participation in
Participation in
Generation
Distribution
Vertical Integration
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
NO
YES
YES
..
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
..
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
..
YES
..
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
..
..
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
139
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
..
..
NO
..
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
..
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
..
..
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
..
..
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
..
..
YES
NO
..
..
YES
YES
..
NO
..
NO
..
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
..
YES
YES
..
..
NO
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
Table A5-1: Electricity Reform Indicators as of 2004
Regulation
Ownership
Market Structure
Country Name
Existence of
Independent
Regulatory
Agency
Existence of Private Existence of Private
Participation in
Participation in
Generation
Distribution
Vertical Integration
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
..
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
..
YES
..
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
..
NO
..
NO
..
..
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
..
..
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
..
NO
YES
..
YES
YES
140
..
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
..
YES
..
NO
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
..
..
..
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
..
..
..
YES
..
..
..
NO
..
NO
..
YES
..
NO
..
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
NO
..
NO
..
YES
..
..
..
NO
..
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
..
YES
..
..
YES
..
NO
..
..
..
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
NO
..
NO
..
NO
..
..
..
YES
NO
NO
Table A5-1: Electricity Reform Indicators as of 2004
Country Name
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Regulation
Ownership
Market Structure
Existence of
Independent
Regulatory
Agency
Existence of Private Existence of Private
Participation in
Participation in
Generation
Distribution
Vertical Integration
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
..
..
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
141
NO
..
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
..
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
..
..
YES
..
..
..
..
YES
YES
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
..
YES
..
NO
..
YES
YES
..
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
YES
..
NO
..
..
..
..
YES
YES
YES
Table A5-2: Water Reform Indicators as of 2004
Regulation
Ownership
Country Name
Existence of Independent
Regulatory Agency
Existence of Private
Capital
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
NO
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
..
..
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
..
NO
NO
..
YES
..
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
..
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
..
YES
..
NO
..
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
..
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
..
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
..
142
Table A5-2: Water Reform Indicators as of 2004
Regulation
Ownership
Country Name
Existence of Independent
Regulatory Agency
Existence of Private
Capital
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
..
..
..
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
..
..
YES
..
..
..
..
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
..
..
..
YES
YES
NO
..
..
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
..
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
..
..
..
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
..
NO
NO
..
YES
..
..
..
NO
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
..
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
..
143
Table A5-2: Water Reform Indicators as of 2004
Country Name
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
144
Regulation
Ownership
Existence of Independent
Regulatory Agency
Existence of Private
Capital
..
YES
..
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
NO
NO
..
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
..
YES
..
YES
..
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
..
YES
YES
YES
..
..
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
Table A5-3: ICT Reform Indicators as of 2004
Regulation Ownership
Country Name
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Market Structure
Existence of
Existence of
Independent
Local Phone Digital Mobile Long Distance
Private
Regulatory
Monopoly
Monopoly
Monopoly
Capital
Agency
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
145
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
Leased Lines
Monopoly
Internet Service
Provider
Monopoly
NO
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
..
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
Table A5-3: ICT Reform Indicators as of 2004
Regulation Ownership
Country Name
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Market Structure
Existence of
Existence of
Independent
Local Phone Digital Mobile Long Distance
Private
Regulatory
Monopoly
Monopoly
Monopoly
Capital
Agency
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
146
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
Leased Lines
Monopoly
Internet Service
Provider
Monopoly
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
..
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Table A5-3: ICT Reform Indicators as of 2004
Regulation Ownership
Country Name
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Market Structure
Existence of
Existence of
Independent
Local Phone Digital Mobile Long Distance
Private
Regulatory
Monopoly
Monopoly
Monopoly
Capital
Agency
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
..
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
147
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
Leased Lines
Monopoly
Internet Service
Provider
Monopoly
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
..
NO
YES
..
..
YES
NO
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
..
..
NO
..
NO
NO
Table A5-4: Railways Reform Indicators as of 2004
Country Name
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
148
Regulation
Ownership
Existence of Independent
Regulatory Agency
Existence of Private
Participation
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
..
YES
NO
..
YES
NO
NO
..
..
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
..
..
..
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
..
YES
NO
..
YES
YES
NO
..
..
YES
..
NO
YES
..
NO
..
..
YES
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
YES
..
..
..
..
NO
YES
YES
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
YES
NO
..
..
NO
YES
..
YES
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
..
..
Table A5-4: Railways Reform Indicators as of 2004
Country Name
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
149
Regulation
Ownership
Existence of Independent
Regulatory Agency
Existence of Private
Participation
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
NO
..
..
NO
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
NO
..
..
NO
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
..
..
..
NO
YES
YES
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
..
NO
..
..
..
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
..
YES
..
..
YES
..
..
YES
..
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
..
YES
..
..
YES
..
..
NO
..
NO
..
NO
NO
YES
..
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
..
Table A5-4: Railways Reform Indicators as of 2004
Country Name
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
150
Regulation
Ownership
Existence of Independent
Regulatory Agency
Existence of Private
Participation
NO
YES
..
..
..
..
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
NO
NO
..
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
..
..
..
NO
YES
..
..
..
YES
NO
..
..
NO
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
..
..
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
..
YES
YES
YES
NO
..
NO
NO
..
..
..
NO
YES
NO