10

 !#" %$ &
' ( ),+.-0/132345/6+879+
*
:;/<7>=5/<?@A?B7DCE/61F+87D-HG
IKJMLNJPOQSRUTVXW0Y[Z<T
\ T^]`_'a<ba[cdTfehgigkj
! " #%$&('*),+.-0/( +.1324156/(78$9-:)(1;<$'*/>=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9= A
! CB D%E$F)(EG+.$FH =9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9= I
J KMBN" LNOQ\]PS$RT^8O),LU_`aWVX'*130bcY-SZ^8/(_!/(+.132 =@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9= [d
BNBN""!!"CB e%lT13f:bm_!-:-0/(^8_!/(/(_!+.13/(2g+.132415612:5$^:^82:),+"_/(`&n28$F=9/hHi=91=@)(jG=9&k=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9== od
BNCB p8BNC$FBN$"fGqr5s1)(p8Ht$F$_!f8),fuqvp8281)($FHt/vHT_!1),)(fjG28&x$Fwz/vyGHTyG1{a)(&WjG|}&€=9H=9+./(7‚=@=9/(+ƒbc=9$*=@qrH=?+"=92:f:=91=@H=9&„=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9==…F†~
BNBNCCBNBNCCBŠ ‡]\]_$F/vf:HT+"_1`)(j}ˆ0_'*&,13+"&‰2:&<28/<$F)W/v^:HT'*/(1+.)(13jG2}&_`.=9‹1=9)W+.=@/(7:=9bm=9&Œ=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=…BB
BNBNCCBNBNŽCA GG^:+ƒbcˆ}-028`.$%$F/v)(HT$1'F)(^8jG)(&),$2‘=@/=92:=9$F/v=?HT=@1)(=9jN&’=9wr=@“F”=9{a=9&•|9=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=…**
BNBNCCBNBNC™Id p:‡^0$`"bm`.–—_!)(),j$'F^8=@)()(=9$2U=9/=@28=9$F/h=9Hi=?1)(=@jG&˜=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=…**
BNCBNCo lT1320&(+"f8$F),_!/(+"132š=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=…*
› œ4ŠN"LUSLG#%Rs0$FžE$sO`.1Ÿ -0bcP¢$¡v2US/QLN15¦3P:_cZF28s$O^:Ÿ¤),_`£¥28$F6/vHTLN1R )(j=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=…NA
ŠNŠN""!!"CB §€#%7:13bm$@/(__!+"2g)(‹$*$F¨N/]-©_$F2:)(f}/(+ƒ&</($—+"bc=9$@=?5s),=@_=9bc=9$ =@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=…II
ŠNŠN""!!CŽŠ ­®ª«)(_!$F/(-:7:)($F1G),'*+"28$&(‹—&(+"f02:_!‹’/(_¬/(7:$?=9f:=9_!=?/(_c=@5s=91)€=9/(=@78=9$?=92:$F=@/vHT=?1=9)(j}=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=…II
ŠNŠN""!!CCAI p§O),+"2:_f02:+"&<285s1‹’),b¯5$_!/(/(7:^8$9),$f:&_!+"/(2‚_m/(+.785$x_!-:+"28-:-0)(^81-0/t),f:+"_!_!/</($_ =9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=…Id
ŠNŠN""!!™Cod §€G'F7:_$@`ƒ+"/<28),‹c_+"f:2S_!°Q/(/<_˜$&<=9/W°Q=@),$=9f8=9$&(=?+.‹3=@2M=9`.1U=91=@- =9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=…od
± 8œ4"P8QP¢NZ1LU5s/v Ht_!)($³=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=…U² ~
88CCBŠ p8G1+.´F),$@b—1_!5//(1785$9/(f078_!$9/(_mf:_!&</($F_m/&(=9$F/µ=@=9=9=9=9=?=?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=…=¶B!†~
88ŽCA e%lT13f:2U_!E-:$F/(),_!&(/(+.+.13132}2g/<11˜5¦“F“·:·:””¸¸a{a{a{a{a¹‘¹Uºsº»4»½5s1=?),bm=@_!=9/¼=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶BGBG
8CI §O),_+"2:+"2:‹’132}/(78$?f:_!/(_m&($F/=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶BG
Š
8™d ª%$28$F)W_`"+.´_!/(+.132}_20f}bc$bc1),+"´_!/(+.132¯=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶BG
œ4AN"P8QP¢§€ZF78$@!/<13-uQ`.$FELN$Z `af:_!/(_—&</<),^:'*/(^8),$ =@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶J:B› Š
ANANCCBŠ §€§€7878$9$9^0`ƒ+"2:28+.j /‰f0&</<_!),/(^:_m'*&</(/<^:),)(^:$ '*/(^:=9)(=@$ =9=9=9=?=?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶BB
ANANŽCA §€§€7878$@$9HT^02:$+.+./t‹37UE/_`ƒf:^8_!$9/(_m&</<&(),/<^:),'*^:/('*^:/()(^8$µ)($ =9=?=?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶BBAA
ANCI e%24$*¨G_bm-0`.$?28$F/hHi1),j =@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶BI
Luž6QSŸ0P0£
J
[
ININ"CB §€bc78-0$@`.$‹bc$2:$$F2U),/(__!`a/(-:+.13),2 1‹=@),_=9b„=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=?=?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶B3B3dd
[ dU©"P8NLN/(ŸS_s2:LUf0Z—_!),¡v0f4˜/<$ž6',Q70LN2:6+Ns^8$4=9 =@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶J:B² ~
dUdU""!!"CB M­®)($$_f:2g+"'*&/(N+.13^:2‚_!)(1$5¦f}'W7:$F)(_)(281‹) $?+"24=@=9f0+.=9)($=@'*/(=9+.13=92 =@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶Š!Š!††
dUCB adUdU"C$BN!_C"Šf:$F)•°QMlT51313$`ƒ20`._1'F2gHT`"^:&$F&(N)+.^:13/<_!2 $)('W$7:f}=92:+ $F=@N)(^8)(=9$>1=9) =?=?=@=@=@=9=9=9=9=9=9=@=@=@=9=9=9=9=9=9=@=@=@=?=?=?=9=9=9=9=9=9=@=@=@=9=9=9=9=9=9=@=@=@=?=?=?=9=9=9=9=9=9=@=@=@=9=9=9=9=9=9=¶=¶=¶ŠŠŠBBB
dUdUCCBNBNCCBŠ ­®lT)(13$20f:'F+"`"'*^:/(&(+.13+.132‚2 15¦=9'W7:=@_=928‹=9$?=?+"24=@=9f0+.=9)($=@'*/(=9+.13=92 =@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶ŠŠŠ
dUCŠ ),)(1)€ˆ0_!),&M=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶ŠA
9P: zŸ OLgZ 3LS¡€ OLuRsLNP:!OzOŸ¥ZLU
oNoN"CB ­®\%^:_)(+.E-©$?13&<-:$«),$1f:56+"/('*7:/(+.$?132 _2:_=9`.–G=9&<$=@& =9=9=9=?=?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶›0ŠŠ² ~~
oNoNCCBNBN"CB N/($__20f8f:$F)•_!°Q),5sf413`"/<`.$1'WHT7:$F2:)+ N/<^8$'W$?7:=?2:+ =@N^8=9$¼=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9== 3‘†B
oNCŠ lT132:'F`ƒ^:&(+.132 =9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9= ‘Š
² @~N"OZLNG£ +"b’^:RsLU`"Z—_!/(0+"13¡]2}O=9LG=9=?P0=@Rt=9LU=9•=@V’=9SQ=9Y=?Z =@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9= ±‘I
~N~N""!!"CB ­i#«^8+ ©)($F-©)(13$&<2:$«'*1$&5/(78=9$9=@_2:=9_=9`.–G=?&<$=@& =9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9== ‘UId
~NCB ~NlT"13!2:CŠ 'F`ƒ^:&(‡+.13$2 &(^:`./(=9& =?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=?=?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9==¶‘AGo
6aQOLgVX0Y
:›
œ4‘6£ LNP:QsS
0
ex" ‡ex^0"!2:"n
2:+"28D%‹’-0/(78/(+.$9132:-0& )(1‹=@),_=9b =9=@=9=9=9=9=?=?=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=@=@=?=?=9=9=9=9=@=@=9=9=9=9=¶=¶AAAA
x
e
"
!
C
B
t_!/(',
7
S`.$ =9=9=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶A3d
exCB #«_!/(_—&<$F/(& =9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=?=@=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=@=?=9=9=@=9=9=¶A~
6Rzs0ŸSQP:ž !
a
¼i
N5s 1/<)(1G$—'(jX281-:/’),+ƒ&<'*13$‰bc-:$F)($13f:28+"$ '*/(H+"13782’1g+ƒ& +"&?_@_),`._!HT/(_78–N$F&x)i7:),+._!‹3´7U_!/),6f8ˆ013^8^:/9& 1&<13-bc$F)W$F_!13/(2:+.13$—2H¦e78µ1M‹+"1N&91Gˆ©f—$F_/</<2:$F_)x`.–G_!&</’/ _+"&E$F/(7:),_!$F‹)($*$q &<13bc $F2˜132:/(78$9$@H`"78_&<1m/t7:5$F_H&_m–$7:_!+.‹3)W&‰78$F+./‰)‰7:$˜_&t'Fˆ©+.$$2:'*'*13–˜bc/($@7:'F_`.2g$_!7:)‰+ƒ&T/(7:'*_!13/‰`ƒ`.$28_!$‹3^8^8),$_&F`©28$F/hHi1),jN&‰7:_E$9ˆ©$'*13bc$
-0/(78_!$])(/‹1$F1356bc/(70$F+"/<&€)(–m'F`"1_5&(&/(781$%5¦_7U2:^0_bm`.–G_&<2m/(&Fˆ:t\)W_+"2$^8§)W€_`a7828$€$F/(/v78HT$F11)(),jG–c&]HT_!_),&t$9f8-:$F)(E1$‹`.),1_-©b—$f &€/(+"2}7:_!/%~‘_!Š)($98Hˆ0_78&<$$2—fg/(13782 $
0),&(/9'*13bc-0^8/<$F),&?Hi$F),$ 281/x$FE$2¥-:),1Nf:^0'*$f—§€78$ f813bm_+"2 15‰28$^:),_` 28$F/hHi1)(jG&’7:_&
ˆ©–$$_!'*),13&Fbc$%1328$]15/(78$]5z_&</<$&</T‹)(1QH+"28‹X&(^8ˆ8qv_!),$_&i+"2˜'*13bc-0^:/<$F)T&('F+"$2:'*$%+ƒ2m/(78$«`"_&</T/<$2
28&<$$F_!/h),Hi\]'W178$)($^8j &@),_)(5s`N1$)«28'*$$F/(+./v78EHT$$X1&—)()($jG`"_!`"&¦_!)(‹_!/(+.)($413$t2:2Ubc&%^013b?ˆ©&<$Fˆ©/(/v`.$FHT–@),$F&x‹$1N211N5]f’+"28+"2:_!-S-0/^8^8)(/]$/(&’'*_12:_‹3fu2:2:f¤13+.´^8+ƒ/(28/<78-S‹]$‚^8'*/F$*13xD¨Nbc-©«-S$2:`.'*$*/<'*¨9$$’f¤-0/(_!7813/<$c^8/<$F/<'*-S),132:^8bc&/(e&F-0^8¤/( _!/h/X–U/(+"-S/(1378+"2:'F$__2 ``
),ˆ0^:^8`"/€$&9_2}7:_$FE)($˜)(1ˆ©)€$F1$52¢_c5s135s$F^:H2:f-©6$F/(),78'*$$˜2‘28/]$F+"/v&‰HT2811)(),j¢bm+"_&x`r_!ˆ0`.$m/<1u-:)(1Gf:^:'*$m13^:/<-0^8/(&9132 _2‘– +"28-0^8/
/(+"&@+"bcf8$D«13e2:2š$m/(+"5z7:2_$m&</(/&<78/<)($—1N$&<',_!-©ju)(13$b—2:_}&(_!1$i)(5ij/<1«$F/(78/?/($ 7:_4+"_&`.2:1+"_/«2:`.5–G115t&(),+"b—+"&«28_!15s/(15T+.),13/(bm2x78_!$m+ƒ/(&/(+./(13+"7Nbc2^:$m+"&¦&«&(28$F-:$),),'*+.1N$$f:&m&(&,^0_!ws'*/()($78–fu$mg+ƒ-02u)(13$_4&<f:/¦+"&,'*178/(501+.13/()(782u/«$t-©1)($F5t$),&<5z+.^8$1G_!/(fM),^8'W)(17 $ 5
E!/(78_$c`"^8&<$/<&«1Gˆ0'(ju_&</<$1‚fˆ13$’2 -:&()(/<$1Nf0',ju+"'*/<7:$+ƒf&</<€1/()(78–:$c|W&</<]1G1'(juHT$F-:E),$F+ƒ)'*O$’/(f87:$F$XE$70`"+"1&<-0/<1bc)(–u$2U+"/%&«1285i15/«1)«/(78$*$c¨8_13bc2:`.-0–}`.$c5z_­i'*/<7:1+")?`"+.-S1&5
/(+"&@7:_!7:/€u+"‹317:_5¦`.'*–g+.)(/(1!&tf8qr$$F1Q'*-©H13$2g282:13f:f:bm$$F2‘),+ƒ'?+./«E!_!-01/(5T_!+.)WE/(_78$bc&F$m$Ff8/<$F$FE),&€$`.1312g-0bm/(78$$92‘/@1/(1785T$F1)«/(787:$F_)92:f4$`.$_!'*),/<$x),13b’2:^:+"'F',&97M'*7:13_!bc),f8-S$F_)€2:/<+.$1—&@-:_)(2:1Gf '*$1&(&5
5s_1E!)«_+"&,`"78_!ˆS1)(`.$/ qr/<T$F),^:b /®+"-02m^8`.)(13-©2:13‹!&<qr$/<&$F§),b €78bm$X_'F20__!^:‹&<$$Xbc+"$&]2‘/(/T7:1_!5©/]-©/(7:1)($/<&<5$x13`ƒ-S+.13_!& ),‘_28bc$$F^:/<),$F_),`:&«28_!$F)(/h$XHi2811)(jG/%&T)(_!$F‹3)($^:`"E_!$F),)(`"––
^:&<$F5z§€^:`+ƒbc$ &<$F)W+.$&x_20_`.–N&,+"&?+"&x^:&<$f +"2¥b—_2‘–¥f0+ $F),$2‘/’_!)($_!& #d "rD«^:)x1ˆG;<$'*/(+.E$‚+"2
/(-:7:),+"+ƒ&t'*$-S_!)(/(+"'F^:`"_!)‰'F_&<$9+ƒ&t/<1c-:)($f:+"'*/t/(78$92:$*¨N/‰E!_`"^8$@+"2‚_X/(+"bc$9&($F),+.$& /(78$928$*¨G/€&</<1G'(j
$&%'$ (*),+.-0/21435614798:79;<56=>)?3>/7A@B),-C5
§€^:2:7:f:+ƒ&$F)mf81G&(^8'F^:-©bc$F)($EG2U+"&(/%+.13'*2¥132U1/(5%_+"-02:)(&«1/(5h7:³f$’8bm)H_&(:/<$F\?)%,I/(7:9$1&(+"j &%-:15)(1
a;<$$'*+ƒf8/$2Gf813J]28$’2:+"ˆUE–g$F),&(pT+./hED – _D2:%f³-G+")FŽ/ O¥_2:\xf8/
A
6OQsS
]1U$FE$2:__!)W&m15@ºƒ{ \]$f8$F),`"_2:fa¤§78$4‹13_`€15%/(7:+"&X-:),1; $'*/—+ƒ&X/<1¥f8$FE$`.1-µ2:$^8),_`
25s81$F)x/hHi_}12N)(jG^:&bx¦ˆ&($F^:)?+"/<1$f5t'*5131bm)’-0&</<_1G2:'(+.j $&F-:‚§),+ƒ€'*$m78$c-:)(-0$)(f:$+ƒf:'*+"/('*+./(13+.21320a&«/(7:H_!+"/’`"`+"&ˆ©O$m/<1gbm-:_f8)($$ f0^:+"'*&(/@+"28/(‹478$ 5s$F&($/<fG1Nqr',5sj1)(Ht-:),_!+"),'*f $
28_!ˆ0$^8`.$@)W_/<`a1m28b—$F/v_!HTj1$9)(‹jG1U&F1G§f4€-:7:),$?$f:+"f8+"'*$/(_m+.13+ƒ&€2:&/<§1 +ƒ2‘78E$@$&<_/(f:+"‹3_!_!-:/</($x_!/(H+.137:2:$F&/(78+"2‚$F)/(785s$F$@$fG$F)(qr5s)(11)()]HTbc_!)W$fg_&(28^8$F)(/h$Hi&‰1_)(20jGf4&«/(_!78)($$
jG'*13+"2:bcf:-0&¦_!1),5O$f28$F/vHT1)(jG&iH]+"`"`8ˆ©$]'*1320&(+"f8$F)($f _2:f /(78$)($&,^:`./(& 15/(78$&<$«_!-:-:)(13_'W78$&TH+"`"`8ˆ©$
$&%
),/ 14)
D $€‹3+.E$]_2X1E$F)(EG+.$FHµ15/(78$‰)($&(/¦15S/(78$/(78$&(+"&F 2—lt7:_!-:/<$F)®B@_«‹$2:$F),_`:f8$&('*)W+.-:/(+.132
1528$^8),_`28$F/hHi1),jN&]+"&t‹3+.E$28 5s13`"`.1QHi$f4ˆN–‚_mf:+"&('F^0&(&(+.132 156&(13bc$9jG+"2:f:&T1528$F/vHT1)(jG&
/(17:-0_!+"2:/9‹m_!)(_c$m51&,^:),$+./('F_!_ˆ0&</(`.$X+"285s‹—1)@bm131N^8f8)@$`©-:H])(1+"ˆS`"`©`.$ˆ©b$@‹3_!+.)(E$$_G2}_ 2:2¥f}l‰/(787:$?_!-:f:/<+$F©)?$F)(Š˜$2U/(78/€$c&</</<$F$-0'W&7:2:/(7:+N_!^8/$X7:5_1E)x$?f8/<$F1—E$ˆ©` $ q
5sˆ©13$?`"`.1f8HT$&($'*f})W+.H]ˆ©$+"`"f`©ieˆ©¼$9f:5s$F+"&(H 'F^0_&(f:&<$_!f-0/(_! /(2+.13lt2:&]7:_!1-:5¦/</($F78)]$?m`"+./(ˆ078),$x_!)(f0–‚_!/(7:_—_f4&<$F/</%1˜_ˆ2:$xf}bm/(78_$xf8`"$ +.Tˆ:),/(_!78),$– &<$x^:_&<$f0fg_!-:H/(_+"`"q `
/(/(+.7813$€2:-0&)(H1‹+"`"),`__bŒ`ƒ&<1—H+ƒˆ©`"`N$xˆf0$€+"&(f:'F$^:&(&('*&(),$+.fˆ©$f 2u6§€l‰787:$_!f:-:_!/<$F/()%_?A—&</<),/(78^:$’'*/(f:^8_!),$/(&¦_—/(&<7:/<_!)W^:/ '*HT/(^8$)(^:$&<&$]/(_!7:)(_!$€/%ˆ0_!^:),+ƒ$x`./O^:ˆN&<–X$fM/(78+"2 $
`"lt+.ˆ07:),_!_!-0)(/<–$F)T d%2/(l‰78$7:_!&(/<-:),/<_!$F/<)@$F‹3Im+.$/(&i78$’/(7:-:_!)(/ 1HT‹)W$_^:b &<$5sfc1)«5s1bm) _!-:jN),+ƒ$28f:‹—+"'*/(/(78+.13$’2X-:H)($+ƒ`"f0`N+"ˆ'*/($€+.13f02:+"&(&]'F^:+"&]&(&(f:$$f&('*),/(+.78ˆ©$]$f&</(_2G2 q
/<1f:$/(_!',78),70$Ffm2:)T/<+ '*N$13',^8bc7:$42:-0H+ _U782:^8$F+.$]$)(&$4H7:-0 +"2—)('W$7mltf:^:+"7:'*&<_!/($+.-013&®/<2 13$F)i2:5s`.1o«–c)m/(_978/(78$€'*13$}),bc$5s&(13-S^:`"_`.`.1Q/(2:&¦Hi+.$H]$F&i) +"F1`"&m`NHˆ©&<2 /<$‰1G&<‹3'(/<+.j³1NE',$+"j 2m&X8+"ˆ0_2c2:_H]&<fm$7:fš/(+"78',13$]7c2³`.&($13_/(bc78f:$g$F$)•&<&<°Q/</(51G13_!'(/(`ƒ`.jG+"1&(&mHT/(+"$F'F1)&5
1f:5€+"&,/('F78^:$‚&(&<$^:f &<$Xf HT/<$ $',H]70+"2:`"+` Nf:^8+ƒ$&(&?'F^:H]&(&?+"`"`¦/(78ˆ©$‚$—-1 ©13&,$F&()(+.$ˆ0f+"`ƒ+./(+.$2¤&«l‰_2:7:f _!-:)(/<$$F&()c^:`.~g/(&x_u1285€$F$H¶2:&(_!$-:b?-:ˆ0)(`"13$_&?'W715H]2:+"$`"^8` ),ˆ©_$ `
‹328'*13+.$FE2U/h$Hi/(2_1€+")(2:jGG&€&F^8/(ˆ87:; $9 $2'*f8/(1Nlt&‰'F705s^01_!bc)-:$5z/<^8$F2‘)})(/(/(_!7:F/(†¥+"$F13)24_ +"2U12NE5^:$/(&<bx78/(+.ˆ$@‹3$F_!-:)c/()(+.1113‹5«2g),-©_Hb 13+"&(`"0&(`©+"+"ˆ©ˆ02:$@+"'F`"`"+./<^0/()(+"f:$$+"_!&@28/<5‹’$1fu)_c_+"ˆ:bc&),+.HT-:$F)(5O$1Q`"^:` ET§&<$$F€bc)78$bm$92U_/(_!&m2N-:^:H-©_$+"` `ƒ2:`if0ˆ©+ ¨ $
2/(78$?/(7:_f0+"&x_!-:',7:/(+._!E-0$@/<$Fˆ©)’$7:_M_EGf8+.$1&()€'*),1+.5-0/(28+.$13^82 )W_1`5€2828$F$/v^8HT)W1_)(`®jG28&$F_/h2:Hif41)(/(jG7:&x$9H'*13+"`"bc`ˆ©-0$—^8/(‹3_!+"/(E+.13$22g156 2 ^02:&<$+./('*&t/(+.H132¤+"`ƒ`SBNˆ©"$
¢
f138^8$&()€'*-0)W+.)(ˆ©1$ˆ0f`.$b¯N$_!'*)(/($+._G132¥BNCBgf:+"&('F^0&(&<$&@_45s$FH /h–U-©$&@15‰28$F/hHi1)(jG&x/(7:_!/?_!)($—&,^:+./(_!ˆ0`.$X5s1)
%'$ )
>/ -07 3
5A51 798
€HT§ 178)($4jN&/<$F¥§)Wb €7828$‚$_^8f),_;<$`‰'*'*/(13+.Ebm$-0<^828/($_!^8/(),+.13_2µ`M)(+"$F205$Ff:)W+"&c'F_!/</<1¥$&’'*/(137:bc_!-0/X^:/(/(78_!$‚/(+.13ˆ02³_&<ˆN$‚–¤15_!),/(/(7:+$S&<'F$4+"_28`t$F28/vHT$^81)W)(_jG`‰&c28`"$F+.$/ &q
+"'*2 $F),/(278$ D 0$c$`"fHT_12U5]/@28/<$14^:)(^:13&<&($X'F+./($782:$c'*$_!ˆ0+"t`"+"/(+.13+.$`"&€1‹31+"5'F_`tbc "!1N#f:$`"$©+"2828‹u$^878)W_1HT`62:$FE$F$F/vHT)i1+ƒ)(&’jN&2:a1H/’7:1+"5]'W7M_2‘+ƒbm– +.'*/(13_!2G/<$ q
/(78%$x &!ˆ'$(70_$:EG28+.$1^8)€),1_5¦`)(2:$$F_/v`OHT281$)(^8jN)(&’13wz2:¸a&{a0{ 5¦F &•/(|W78$9/<$F),b…28$^8)W_`a28$F/vHT1)(jg+ƒ&€^:&<$fS/(7:+"&‰),$F5$F),&/<1
)+*-,.*-, /01325461467-8:9;8.<=9>@?5AB13CD9>E4#FG8.AIHKJ
:-e%_'F)(2 'F1^8‹+"2U),)W__/<$F'*bm)(–$bc&<_!/($/—+ƒfX2813‹9282:$-:'*^8)($),1J_-©`N$F%28)($F/h&(–X/h^:Hi_11`"5`.)(–¤28jG$&_¥^8_!),2:)(_$‰$F`0/v2828HT1$F1/¦/v)(HT_!j ˆ01F &˜)(`.$ijGˆ©&T/<$1%+ƒ7:& -©_/($FEN78)(+.$5s11+.) )T),b +"_!&—ˆ0/(+"_78`"f:+"$/v_!–X+.)6-0/</(/<1x_$fµ&<`.j?$_!+"H]2š)W2+./(_ 7?g`./($7:_!13$T),&<2:/tf8+ƒ28$28&,$F‹ +.H)($1`"f– )
/<_4),_&<$F+"20/@+"281‹—5t+"-028)(-01N^:'*/]$&,-0&F_!x#/</<«$F^8)W2:),+ƒ&@28‹/<1/(‹70$F+"/(&%78$F-:)x)(1GH'*+.$/(&(7&«/(/(7878$m$c'*281$F)(/v),HT$1&<-©)(j132:+"&@f:+"+.28/<$F‹˜),_!13/(^8+"/<E-0$^:`.–}/%-:-S)(_!1Q/<EN/<$F+ƒf8),2:$fu&9^:H2U+./(/(7+"`
13/(+./@78^8$9-:/<-0),E!^:1N_f:/`"^8^0-0$'*_!&t$/<&«/<1$F5¦/(),78+.20/ $m&6F &€+ƒf8&-0$'F_!&(_+.),),`"_$`.bc$ff’$F13/<_]^8$F/<),/<),&]-0_^8_+"2:/F'Fc§+"'*2:1€‹),f:7:&<+"$F+ƒ2:&@/F‹cCD&<$F/</91m7:1/(+ƒ5t78`.$®$?+"28/<_!),-0-:_^8-S+ƒ/%2:`"+"+.-0$28Lf_!‹ /</<$N/(MO$F78),$i20PQ&92:R$FPT_/vSU2:HTf¢W1VX)('*jx$Y1M*)(bm),$_&<–?-©',13702:_f:28+"28‹‹$
+/<"bc1%-©-§€1$F),)(7:5/($?1_),2U-0b /i^8_),+./(-&,&O&(13^:/(&(_bc$9&<-:1j?5/(&(+"/<_!13),/(2_+"6e&(+"205s]_+"'*285s/</<‹—1$F)‰)(_˜–?/(287813$$]2?^8/<-:),)W_),_`O$F+"EN2:28+.+"$F1328/v^0‹?HT&(1-0`.–«)(7:jM^:_28&<13$]$2M2:/(78_˜'*13$%'*^:2:$F2U)($/</(^8$F_),)(+"_$2uf’`/(28+"_28$F&</v-0jgHT^:1f:/)($F-0j -_!$+ƒ/<&i20/<$Ff:_),&€&(2:&,13& ^:O2ubc/(_$782f $
/</<),1m_1+"20/(78+"28$F‹)%+"+"&628^:-0&<^:$F/i5z^:-0`‘_!13/<2:/<$F`.–9)W2:+.&F5G/(78$TjN2:1H`.$f:‹$i‹3_+"2:$f?5s)(13b /<),_+"2:+"2:‹€-0_!/</<$F),2:&KSTM%PM'Z$[Y\]M^
+"7:28_-SE^8$?§€/c7:/<1m-0$F)(_!ˆ©$F/<5$«/<1$F5s),),^0$}2:` &—S+./m`"13`.$+"2µ&cf H]+")(bc$F7:‹3-©+"_!',1),7š)(f0/(+"/(_28782U‹c$M/c/(285s781$F$@)m/hHi)(/($F178-0),$4)(jš$/<&<),H$_2U+"+"`"/(20`t_!+"/(28-©+.‹$FE)($5s&<281$F$),/m&(b &/<1¢1+"56/(ˆ©&m/<$4)W/(__)(+"&<$F2:j-0+"28)($‹X&<§‰$-02UHT_!/(/<1¥_!/</($F'*+.)WE132:$}2:& f: 5s+"1/()—+.13_2:`"& `
d
KMLNOQPSRTOLUWVX0YZ
§2:$F78/v$HT1/<)(),jµ_+"2:+"& +ƒ28$*‹ ¨N-©-S$_!'*/</</<$$Ff),2:/<&g1 b’-0^:)(&<1N/4'*$ˆ©&,&F$`.132:p8‹ 1)‚/<1µ$*¨8/(_78bc$ -0!'`.$$N €^O^+.5«HT$MEHt6(_-2UM%/ PE/(^478H$u7:28+"$F'W/v7
HT1/(78)(j $
/</<1)W_+"-:2:),+"$28f:‹c+"'*+./9/‰/(13782}$˜/(78E!_$?`"^8+"2U$—/<$F1)(5$&</(/‰78$˜),_!2:/<$$*&¨N/x)($F/(^8),2 +"2:f8$*¨ 15º{ ¦/(78$F)($‚+"&?281^:&<$˜+"2
§ 78^%$W/<%),VE_+ƒ2:
+"28Pm‹9+"2 -S_!H/<7:/<$F+"'W),72:&T_bx`"`S^:+"28&(/i-0^:ˆ©/ $]-0&(_!$`./<$/<'*$F/<),$2:f˜&T51G)('F13'Fb ^8)‰+"28+"2˜-S^8+./F/ ¦e&<-0_28'*$F$«/v_HT'F1'*)(1j˜),f:'F+"_2:2˜‹x2:/<11’/T/(ˆ©78$$
$*b—¨G_-©2‘$–‚'*/<13$^8f˜/(/<`"+"1x$F),-:&F),$f:+"'*/i'*1),)($'*/(`.–cH78$2˜+./T+"& /<),_+ƒ28$fm132‚_9/<)W_+"2:+"28‹x&<$F/iH]+./(7m/<1N1
€
§
:
7
m
$
8
2
F
$
v
/
T
H
1
(
)
j
"
+
@
&
:
^
(
&
0
^
_
"
`
.
`
}
–
<
/
,
)
_
ƒ
+
8
2
$

f
<
/
}
1
$
<
&
(
/
"
+
—
b
!
_
<
/
m
$
(
/
8
7
c
$
z
5
:
^
:
2
*
'
(
/
.
+
3
1
š
2
s
w

H
0
7
"
+
,
'
7
"
+
@
&
ƒ
+
c
b
0
"
`
"
+
F
'
"
+
/
H+"2c7:/(+ƒ7:',74$/<bm),_+.‹3+"207U+"/‰28-:‹9)(-0$FE_!/<$/<2U$F/€)W2:/(78&W|¦$x_28&T$F/v'FHT`.131&<)($j‚`"–X5),_13&ib -©13`.&($&(_!+.),ˆS2:`.+ƒ$28Oe‹X/(7:2N+"^:&tbx5z^:ˆ2:$F'*)®/(1+.1352 -: )(1ˆ0`.$b—& 'F_2 _!)W+"&<$
e/<1—&(/(_!78/($?+"&(`"5s__','*j˜/<11)(56–‚-0_!_!-:),-:_),bm1¨8$F/<+"bm$F),_!&€/(/<+.1m1324$*¨G'F-:_2})($&,2:&‰1/T/(78ˆ©$9$«5z)(^:$2:_'*'W/(78+.13$f}2a ˆN– _c&(b—_`"`©28$F/vHT1)(j4f:^8$
§H]78+"`"$c`-©28$F$F)(/v5HT1)W1b
)(jM-'F1N_12 ),`.–]&,^ 132@$F1)@/(5s78)($F13)6b…+"281-0E^8$F/) 0-0/<_!/(/<+"/<28$F‹4),20/<&F146§'*$F7:)(/(+"&_+"-:2)(1/<ˆ0)W_`"$+"2:b +"28'F‹ _29$*¨G5s1_)abm$*-0¨G`._$bm&F -0`.$/
ˆ©^02:$9+.&</(13&‰`"+"E2‚$f4/(78ˆU$x–‚7:)(+"$f:&(f8/<$),+"2‚'*/(`"+"_28–‹X$F)Q/(wz78&W$x|W 2U^:bxˆ©$F)‰15/<),_+"2:+"2:‹’'*–G'F`.$&_20f4/(78$?2N^:bxˆ$F)‰15
D+ƒ«&¦-:HT/(_+"bm2U/<+.$´f_!/(G+"'F13_2«2m/<$ˆ©',$7:'*2:13+bcU^8$€$/<& )W_!H-:-©78$F$),fm$ +"_‰2cbm`.1G+"'F2:_+"`:b—bm+.´+"_!20/(+"+.bm132%_ 31+"5N2:_&(29/<$$F_)(fc)(11)<5©q:-:1)()61'*-013_!&<‹3/ qr_!5s/(^0+"2:2:'*‹9/(/<+.131 2
/()W7:^:$’`.$&‰f8$_!&,)(+.$9)($ˆ©fM$`"‹3+"$F`.1Eˆ0$_f‚`6/<bm1—+"&<2:/(+"_!b’ˆ0^:+"`ƒb4+.´F$«]/(G7813$?bc28$x$F/h1Hi5®1/()(78j4$’+"bm2413`"1N&</%'F_'*`a13b—b—bc+"2:13+"bm2:`._G–g^0&<$fM`"$_!),2:+"28‹
5s/<$F1Hš-©13uf8`.1$_'F‹2‘_––uf8G$_!f:&F-:+ ©-0§€$F`"+.)($7:$fX$2U&</`.$‰$/v_!28–N)W$F-©2:/v$+"HT28&%1‹@1)(),5ijG^0& 28`.$f:$^83+ ©_)W$F_2:)`fm+"282X/($F7:/h_!$Hi)(+.$)1_)(ˆ©&jG$&@&(7:^07:_',EG_7mE+.1$’_)&¦pˆ©^:$F8&($1$2u)TfX_+"/v2U2m–NE-1$$E&<&/($F+.),1‹3EN5_!+./<^:$F$H
20f +./('*+"& 132M2:28/(&($F78^0/v$X`.HT/&`"1_)(&<"rj /
D $mHt_2‘/?/<1}^:&<$c5s$F$fGqr51),HT_!),f 2:$F/vHT1)(jN&?132 /(78$m&</<1G'(ju-:),+ƒ'*$’-0)($f:+"'*/(+.132u-:),1ˆ0`.$b4
§/<€1m78-:$€),+ƒ1N28f:-0^0^8'*/6$«-0__!&/</<13$F^8),2:/<-0& ^8H/€+"`"_m`N'*5s^813/(2‘^:/(_)($«+ƒ2mE_9_`"2N^:^:$@b?156ˆ©$F/(7:)¦$915©'*13f:bc+ ©-0$F)(_$2U2U– /F &]&(/<&<1N/<',1Nj’',j‚E!_-:`"),^8+"$'*&$ 15_@'*13bc-S_2‘–
)+*-,.*R) U8 2"?K4614I7 8:9 8.< ?97 4IJ
u_&t'_9ltˆ0^:+ƒ`"2:`.1G_!',)(7—–X_/(2:78f—)($­i&(7:+.13/</(`"&fm-:^:),2:1+"-/F13&(G$-fm$+"'F2 + S'F_"`"_?`.–&(3+"/(bm7:-0$]`.28$‰$bc^8),1G13f82—$`:bc11G5f8_?$2:`0$'*^813bm)(13-02g^8wz/<&<$$F&t$ _?0‹3HT^8$),+.‹3$7UBN/<"$f |
&(^:b 15a+"/(&®+"28-S^8/(&¦5s)(13b¬1/(78$F)t^:2:+"/(&U_2:f—-:)(1Gf:^:'*$& _x1328$]1)T_?´F$F)(18
wi1
wi2
wi3
p+.‹3^8)($?BN" g1Gf8$`15/(78$ u'lt^:`"`"1N'W7Gqv­®+./</(&‰2:$^8)(132
J J LNLU ¡vSVXP: OL‘•VX0YZ yGyG{ Z
²
/('*7813)(2:$28§€&,$7870'*13+"/<&O`"$fff:§$F/(-€78$78)(2013$f:^:2:&6‹3$F7m13/v2xHT^:1/(2:7:)(+"jNf0$‰&T+.E)(+"$_2—'*`"^:/(/(+.$i7:13+"12:&¦5S_-:`N/(78),`"+"1$€2:; jN&($^:'*&F/tb!_!®)(_H$'W7—78ˆS$F^:`"/(+"+"782:`./$Fjx5s) )(7:+.13/_b¬& +"&_9/(_!78Eˆ©$_1&(`"E$%^:$‰$ 28‘1$/()¦^:78)(ˆ©$€13$2:HT`.1Q&$Hš3+.‹3H]_%7U7:/ '*+"',$F17),5©/(/(__!78+")(2 $$
`"_m+"2:^:jS20+./‰i+"_& ',7 ^:20+./-:),1Nf:^0'*$&_‚'*132‘/(+ƒ2U^813^0&E!_`"^8$fu_'*/(+.E!_!/(+.132 «§€78$x_'*/(+"E_!/(+.13215
¦w r| ¦
w r|

H
:
7
F
$
(
)
$
¦
w |cf8$281/<$& /(78$u_'*/(+.E_!/(+"1321)˜/<),_2:&(5$F) 5s^:20'*/(+.132 D $MH]+"`"`t13bm+./ ˆ©$'F_\]^:1&<H $]/(Hi7:$?+"& 'F/(_7:2M)($bm&(78_!13j`"$?fm_mE_'F`"`ƒ^:_$]&(&('F+ S_2'F_!ˆ/(+"$]132‚&(+"b’15^:^0`"_!2:/<+.$/(fm&Tˆ0ˆN–m_&<_?$fg`ƒ+"281324j’5/()(7813$b +.)‰_ /<),0_¨N20$&<fG5$Fqr)E!_5s^:`"^820$]'*/(^:+.2:132+./F
§/(+"13782:)($&O&(_!78),13$i`ƒf¥)($&(^:/<2:),+"+"/('*&x/<$+"fx20'*/<11X)(®-©11),)¦_!† /<3$ __u&O&</(/(78_!)(/<$$&,fX78ˆ©13`"$Ff¢5s15z)(^:$2:p'*8/(1+"13)21u§-:/(+"bm78$+.´_!_/('*+"/(13+.29E!_!/</($+.',13702¤2:+5zN^:^82:$'•&q
13+ƒ&€2gf8_$2‚&(+.)W$F_!)(ˆ0)(1`.$)<q¦§1€)€78'*$13&<&<$9/ qr^05z2:^:+.2:/('*&t/(7:+"13_2}E$’_c'*'*13132‘2‘/(/(+ƒ+ƒ2U2U^8^81313^0^0&‰&‰Ef:_+`ƒ©^8$F$)(f4$2‘_/('*+ƒ/(_!+.ˆ0E!_!`.$%/(+./<13),2:_&F2:&<5s$F)‰5s^02:'*/(+.132
O+"28$_!)^02:+./(&t^:&<$9_c5z^:2:'*/(+"13
2 ¦
w S| a
\]§78132G$&<qv$`"+ƒ28^:$2:_!+"/()’&^0bc2:13+./(&<&’/(`.–«_!)(7:$4_Ebc$i13&(&<+./c‹3bc'*1313bm+"f«bc/<)W13_2:2:`"–¢&<5s$F^:)a&<5s$^0f¤2:'*+"2 /(+.13‹2:),&_Qf:&(+.^:$2U',7?/’_f:& $&(¦'*
w $S2‘| /c`.$_!)W2:+"28
w ‹8|
1)¦w
S| "!
§€78$@/(7:)($F$9f:+©$F)($2U/‰/<),_2:&<5s$F)€5z^:2:'*/(+.132:&‰_!),$?&(781QH2}+"2 0 ‹3^:)($9BNCB
1
1
0
1
0
threshold
linear
p+.‹3^8),$@BNCBT§€78)($F$9f0+$F),$2‘/‰/<),_20&<5$F)5s^:20'*/(+.132:&
%
#>),)%$'& ; 7&/ (/ $
8>) 5 79/() ++*-,.,0/+1
0
sigmoid
_f:2¥2:+©_/($F`.7:–G)($+ƒ&(&x2U+"&/€&<O§$_!€'*-:/(78-:+"13$i)(2 13&<_$HT'*'W/(78$˜+.$13H&€2’+"ˆS+"`"&O`_&<&(f:$/<$f4),&(^:'*13'*),2}/(+.ˆ©^828)($ $$fx&(^:13),_bc_&`$˜5s28132:$F`"`./v$1QHT^8H1),&F_)(jG`T&F282x$F_]/vHT2N1^:)(bxj¥ˆbc$F)O$F/(17:5:1N&<f:$'*&x/(+.5s1312:)’&O/(HT+ƒbc$T$˜f:+ƒ&(&($F'F),^:+.$&(&&
ˆ©'F^8$x)(),f:p$+ƒ+.&(2‘),'F/%&(^:/]28&(/(&<$F78$/vHTfa$’€§1-©)(€13jG&(78&&($+.)(2}ˆS$+"&(`"/($+.7:/(b?+.$x$ˆ0&t-:`"$x),115i`"-_5–$F$F),$F$/()(f8+.$qr$fg5&€1)(5s1$FHt5¦$_!)(fG),$qrf'F5s1^:)(28)(Ht)($F$/h_!Hi2U),/%fM1)(282:jG$F$F&«/h/vHiHT5s111)%),)(jN/(jN&%+ƒ&«bcH_$’+"2:`ƒ&(fM`$Fˆ©),_!+.$9)($$X&«$*¨N__-S`"2:&<`._1—1`.)(–G&($^0&(f+"+.&]‡/(_!Hˆ0+"$*`.`"$ q `
5sBN1CBN)%CIN/(7:t§$’€^:78&($«$x-:13)(2u1-©/($F+"bc)(/($X+.$&<&t$F1),5+"$$&F2:9D&($b?$Xˆ0H`"$+ƒ&t`"`1f:5+ƒ2:&('F$F^:/vHT&(&1)(/(jN7:&+"&%H_!+"-:`"`-:ˆ©)(13$@_f:'W7+"&('F+"^02g&(&<&<$$'*f4/(+"+"13242:'W&97:BN_!C-:BN/<C$FA‚)%_~N2:f
KMLNOQPSRTOLUWVX0YZ
)+*R)K*-,
>Q>@0 8.A6FG13AB0 9>E4#FG8.AIHKJGF 7 4 4I7 >F 7-9"058 F J
v/13
HT2:_1g`.––—$F/h)()(–U$13-Sf `.$@+"'F5s$F+"_&t$`¦fG/<$*1cqr¨85s1_5s$F)(bc$HTf4-0_!`.)W+"$f28&@-0281^85T$F/T/v-©HT-0$F_!1),/<)('*/<jG$F$F&9-:),/<20_!)(&‰)(13$X20+"2‘1&F/<m§51X/<$€/(2¥7878$@$F'F)(_),$m`"$`.&<$+ƒ/t&9fu1_4-©5O$F&</(),$F78'*/9$@$F-:1285‰/<$F)(/h+"1328Hi2:-S1&^8),?pjS/]Te/<+.$F‹3)W^85sbm/<)($F+"$c)‰2:BN_/(`"C7:Š‚&«+"&tH]&(78`"78_1Q–13H$F&<$)&
/(`"_78–$F$F)()@$ 5_!)()(13$cb…1328H$m70+"1',)’7ubc/(781$’)($m)($+"&(2U^:/<$F`"/]),bc15 $f:/(7:+ƒ_!$X/<$m'*13`"bm_–-0$F^8),&?/(_!1/(5‰+.13^:2 2:+.+"/(&]& )($5s_13f`"`.1QHi®$Ef¢$F)(ˆU–M–^0_ 2:+.S/2:5s_$F$`f:13&«^:/<13-02:^8`"– /
/(78$?^02:+./(&t+"2‚/(78$?2:$*¨N/`ƒ_–$F)
(a)
(b)
31p28+.‹3$?^8`ƒ)(_$€–$FBN)CŠ]wsˆ©­6|T$F),e '*$F/h-:Hi/<)(1!13qv2:`ƒ_&–‰w$F)«z_‘-©|6$Fe ),'*&($F+"-:bm/<)(-013`.$®2-©$F),'*$F-0/<)(132’H7:+"'W7‚wsˆN–xf:$ S2:+./(+.132|7:_&132:`"–
§€2813782:$]`ƒ+"5s28^0$2:_!'*)/(a§+.13€2 7:m$ bm+"&®_/(+"782@$]__f8'*E!/(_+"E2‘_!/(/(_!+.‹13$T2˜15z5G^:282:13'*2:/(+.`"13+"2:2—$1_!5a)©/(_78'*$%/(+"E^:_!2:/(+.+./(13&F2?§5s€^0782:$]'*/(5s+.^0132:2:'*&/(+"+.&©132/(70m_!/a+"&i/(78^:$F&(–@^:_'F`ƒ_`.2–
j^:$F&($F+ƒ28-?‹X/(7:/(78$ $13&<^8$9/<28-013^82:/`ƒˆ+"28$F$/hHi_!)t$F$5s^02 2::'*¨G/($+.13f@2:ˆ©& G13^:H2:70f:+"',&F7˜u/(78^:$F`.–4/(+.'Fqv`"__2}–$F28)6128/€$F&(/v13HT`.1E)($9jGH&'F78_$2?2‚&(/(137:`.$FE–˜$ -:^:)(&(1$9ˆS`"`.+"$28bm$_!& ) ^/(:782:)(+"13/(&F^:i§‹37¢€7:/($978$˜13^828/<$F-0/vHT^8/]1)(+"&€j¢__2}2:f¥$*¨G-:-0)(`"1G+ƒ'Ff:+./‰^:'*5s^0$&92:'*/(/(7:+.$m132413^81/<5-0/(^878/x$’),+"28+.‹3-07U^8/?/_8Ht/(7:_$x– +"28D%-S^85s/</‰$2¥+"&‰'*-:13)(2U1/(-S+"_!2U‹3^:_!13/<^:$& f q
E! /’_`"+"^8&x$-©f¢13^:&(&(20+.+.ˆS/(`.&m$cws/<H1 +./('*
7 132: &</<_}),^:'*'*13/X2U/(_u+"2N'*^81313&<^:/X&?5s^:_2020'*f /(+.132 M% M%V P "t H'7:$NM9+"'W5z7¥^:2:bc'*/($+._13&,2S^8|%)($_!&’),$ /(78'*$‚132:&<&(–N+ƒ&(f8/<$F$)(b!$fF &
-©/(78$F$)(2m5s1^0),bm&<$€_E!2:_!'*),$i+.13$F^:)()(&11)¦-:_/(&+ƒbm_%+.f0´+_!/($F+.13),$2c2‘/</($+"_!'W7:ˆS2:`.$ + N5z^:^82:$&'*U/(+.&(13^:2x',7 15:_/(& 78‹$T),Hi_f0$+"+.‹3$2‘7‘//(& f:V $&('*$2‘ / N/<1? bmCD+ƒ2:+"$€bm'F+._´F2 $
/(7:+"&tp8$F$F),$)(f81qr)51bc)(Ht$__!&(),^:f )($28$F/vHT1)(jG&9'F_2 ˆ©$c^:&<$f5s1)@/(78$c-:)($f:+ƒ'*/(+.132u15i/(78$c28$*¨G/@E!_`"^8$c+"2
_-:‚)(/($F+"EGbc+.13$m^:&(&t$F+"),2:+.$-0&F^8X§/(&T€/<781m$c/(+"78f8$9$_‚28$F+"/h&«Hi/<11g),j 1 :/<$F1)?‹2:$F/(17:/@$F13)]2:'F`._–g`"`./($7:f4$c_-:)( $/(+ƒ&<bc$2U$@/9H+"28+"2:-0f:^:1/ H ˆSG^8/@ 24_`"_c&<1 2U^0 b?
ˆ©$F)
1e 5¦f8_!),-:_-0H€`"+ƒˆ0'F__!',/(jm+.132:+"& &t/(‹7:1N_!1N/ifg/(78)($]$&(2N^:^:`./(bx&‰ˆ©70$F_)®E1$?5aˆ©+"$F28$-S2g^8/ 1ˆ:^:/(2:_+.+"/(28&®$+"f4& -:H]),+.1/(-7‚1/(),7:/(+.+"13&‰2:jG_+"`G2:/<f‚1 1 5¦28U$F)(/h$Hi&(^:1`.),/(jN+ƒ28>& ‹9 +""r2
$*E!¨G_/<`"^8),_?$%HT15 $+. ‹37U/(§€&T78/<1x$%ˆ©-©$$F)(^851-)Wf:bm_!/<_$2:f '*$«f:^8bm),_+ƒ28–‚‹9f8/<$F),-©_$+"202:+"f˜28‹878e$_]EG28+"`.1–m/(7:13$F2‚)T/(f:7:+ƒ$«&(_'Wf878E!13_+"'*2‘$@/(_!1‹5O$«/(+"78& $«/(7:E_$ `"^::$%¨G$1f 5
,D $?7:_E$xf8$'F+"f:$f‚/<1m$*¨N-©$F),+ƒbc$2‘/‰H]+./(74_c2U^0b?ˆ©$F)€15f:+ ©$F)($2U/‰E_`"^:$&‰51
) ¥
D $€7:_E$‰$*¨N-©$F),+ƒbc$2‘/<$fX+"2’_f:f:+"/(+.132?H]+./(7?/(7:$T$F),)(1) bc$_&(^8),$ /¦+"&_`"&<1%-13&,&(+.ˆ0`.$
/<1m-:),$F-:)(1G'*$&(&‰/(78$9+"2:-0^8/F¦§€78$&<$9_!),$9/(78$@/<1-0+"'F&€156/(7:$?28$*¨G/‰/vHT1 &(^8ˆS&<$'*/(+.132:&F
œ} ®LNQLG—LNQ0‚£¥LNP:ZOLUZ
a$_!)W2:+"28‹˜+"&ˆS_&<$fu132u_2u$F)(),1)%bc$_&,^8)($@§€78$X+"f8$_ +"&%/(7:_!/]/(7:$’&(b—_`"`.$F)%/(78$x$F),)(1)
bc$_&(^:)($@1)]'*13&</5s^:20'*/(+.1324+"& 8/(78$@ˆ©$F/</<$F)]/(78$@Hi$+"‹37‘/(& 15/(78$928$F/hHi1)(j4_!)($
J J LNLU ¡vSVXP: OL‘•VX0YZ yGyG{ Z
0
HT+"'F$_+.`"‹3`"ª«– 7‘+"/(E&X/($7824w $m /(^:78 &($«|‰^:$FˆU_)(–4`)(‹1&()W)`ƒ_+"f:bmf:+"+.28$$_‹X2U&(/9f8^81Qf8)($«H$&(2g5z'*^:$2:7:2U'*+ƒ/9`"/(`©+._1313`.2 2}‹1 /(),78+./(V$x7:&(b" :^8)(HT&,5z$9^8_'*‹'F$x‹_$2}+.&</]/(+"f8&?bc$ 'W-:S7:),28_1$28E&€‹3$@+ƒ+"22:1324‹4V _c$_&<&<',-S-©7 _$'*'F $+S€ '«GˆU-&<–$F$/‰'F_+"15ƒ2 q5
_bc13D%^:5s2U/</ $2/( 78$m bc+"2U$E_$F2),&<$%& U-:^:)(_!1),-©$1fM)(/($F+.),13)(2:1_)9`0+"/<&@1x^:/(&<7:$$%f2‹)WˆS_^8f:/«+.$/(2U78/i$F1)($m5 Œ_!)($c_!/tbm/(78_2U$%–u-:)(_$`"&(/<$$F),2‘2:/t_!`./(1G+.'FE_!$/(&F+.132h5
HTw «$]“ /(S_!|Tj$9+"&\ f8$ /<S1’28ˆ©$$]f‚/(ˆN7:– $% 2N^:bxˆ$F)i15&(_bc-S`.$&i+ƒ2—/(78$«f:_!/(_’&<$F/ G/(78$«bc$_2‚& U^0_!)($f—$F),)(1)
w |
H 5®78/<$F),),_$x+"20D¼+"28‹˜+"&tH/(78+./($97u-0/()(781N$cf0^:&<'*/(_$f‚2:f:13_!^8)W/<f-0^8$F)(/€)(_120)9f4bc§$_+"&( &‰^:/()(78$a$@f8$*$¨G&(-©'*$),'*+"ˆ/<$$f}f13_!^8ˆ©/<1-SE^8$/FO/(^8),2:&%13^8/«/<1}ˆ©$
/<+"2:1N'F1u`ƒ^:&(f8`"1$tH /(781$)’-028)(1$/Xf:+"_'*/(f8+.$ 13N2X^:1_!5a/<$ 'W7:__28`./<‹$F$%),20+"2—_!/(f:+.E+")($ $'*$F/(),+.)(1312c)’$Fbm)(),$1_) &(‘^81)()T$&’· 'F_S2¥º gˆ©$F$˜)(),^:1&<)$fh5©/(78¨G$€_/(bm_!),-0‹`.$F$/&
E!E!__`"`"^8^8$$?b’+ƒ&9^:‹&<)(/]$_!ˆ/<$x$F)X_!/%/(7:`.$__2 &(//(78$ N$—^:-0_)(`a$F/<EN1˜+"13/(^:78&9$?/(-0_!)()($F‹EN$F+"/’13^:E!_&‰`"13^8^8$ /<-0+ƒ2¢^:/x/(78wz$˜_2:&<fM$F),EN+.$+"&'*6$x/(E78$F$),2 &(_ /(©78&<$—$F$ 13^:0/<‹3-0^8^8)($/
1BN5ŽU-:|W®§)($€f:+ƒ7:'*$/(+.· 132:&0º ¥g$F),)(1)i+"& /(78$/<1/(_`2U^0b?ˆ©$F)®15©$F)(),1),& )($`ƒ_!/(+.E$/<1x/(78$/<1/(_`2U^0b?ˆ©$F)
H78$F),$
† - w :w (| :w |<| Uw 8w (| 8w |<| †
§€§€7878$9$@‹· 13_S`Oº +"&t`"/<+.1—$&‰bm_+ƒ`.2:Ht+"_bm–G+.&€´F$%ˆ©$F/(78/hHi$?$F· $2MS†cº ¥_2:$Ff¢)()(1!)
!
"
" #
%$
"
(
!&
!&
' )(
(
+*
,& -$./,
0 1
0 1
predicted
target
Value
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Time
14
/(p _!+.)(‹3‹^8$F)(/‰$4_BN2:Žf /(78­®$)($-0f:)($+"'*f:/(+"+"'*13/<2¤$f D%E5«_`ƒlt^87:$]_'W287:‹_$ 28‹ 2 $«+"#«2m+.1)(-:$'*-©/(13+.13&(2a+"/<e$]f:>+.),$· '*/(S+.13º 2:
&]$Fws)(13)(2:1$%)X+"1N20'F'*'F)(^:$_),&<&X$+.&5‰N/(/(7878$$
1/(78$F)%f8$'*)($_&<$&W|WT§€78$«$F)()(1)W&€_!)($?bm_!),j$f4ˆU–‚/(78$9_!),)(1H&
N J
KMLNOQPSRTOLUWVX0YZ
§€',7078_$%28‹$F)($)(& 1)€+ƒ2¤f:$/(78&('*$}),+.1ˆ©-:$-©f—13_!&(ˆ©+./<1Q$}E$9f0+.'F)(_$2‚'*/(ˆ+.13$«2¤^:1&<5«$f˜/(78/<$}1c/</(),_!_),+ƒ‹2 $F/u/(7:w $«2: $F/vHT1)(|'jSttD/(«78$}2:`.$–m2U+./(5O+.)(_$}2 $F13)(^:),1/<)—-0^8+"/&
ˆ0^:+"2‚&<_$',-0fMj‘_!qr),/<-:/(1‚),+"1'F'F^:-0_`"_!`"_!'F‹3)‰^:_!`"H/<_!$+"/<f/($’7‚/(/(78D 78$?$9$ HT· -:$)(+.1‹30-©7Uº ¢/%13&<'W$F$m7:)(_),/<11M28)‹$*$¨N9D-©%$F),/(+"78bm$F$)(2‘H]/9+"&<H]$ 0+./(137 20`./(–}78$—_mf05s),+_'*$F/(),+.$132‘2u/91$F5¦),)(/(178)x$’'*$F),)(+")(/<1$F),)«+"_ +"& LUž63LUZZzŸ
-:Hte%)(_281G–G1'*&/($78&($F5s&(1+ƒ)—28)9‹}-©$*13¨81&(_5€&,bc+./(ˆ078-0+"`"$‚`.+"$c/v+"–¢28^:-S&(5s1+ƒ^828)—/9‹ +"f:bcD¢_!-0/(__G)(E1<D$EG`.$F+"28/’‹$˜/<),'F/(_78_2:2$g&<5s5S1$F`"),$/<bmfG$F)xqr_!5s/(1/(+.)(7813Ht$‚20_!&«+"),281fµ-S)9^82:/(/9$F_!/vjNf:HT+ƒ_!281/(‹‚)(_jš/(+"782¥_!$m-:b—-:`.1G)(_13'F2‘__–¢`¦'W7µ_f:E+ +"$F&m),$F_!)(-:‹$)(2U$$*&/q
15/(78 / $9+"f:&—_!_/(_m`"&<1¢^0&(-©+"2813‹c&(&(f:+"ˆ0+ ©`.$‚$F)(/<$1¥2U/]/<),ª«__+ƒ2š^:&(/(&,78+"_$M2‚-05s_!^0),2:_'*bc/(+.$F13/<2:$F& ),8&—5s11)5@&(/(bm78$ 1U1S/(`"7:/<$F+ƒ28),&F‹X/(78 $?2µf:/(_!7:/(+"_G&cHt_–³HT$
Ht'F__242‘/</<$)(fg–˜13/<1 ^8/<S-020^8f‚/F 1-:/(+"bm_`!S`"/<$F),&t51)/(78$9f:_!/(_ 0_2:f}/(78$@ˆ©$&</€_!-:-:)(1¨G+ƒbm_!/(+.132:&T15/(78$
)
)+*R)K*R)
107-1C"1J 7 J 9>E4#FG8.AIHKJ
0ˆ5z‡€^:_$2:&('*'*+ƒ$&9/(2U+.2813/(`.2}$F–/v3HT+ƒ2}E!1_!)(/(),j¥78+"_!$ /(+ƒ&?+"013),_}2:&<&/5s$F1370$2’+"fGf:5sqrf8$F5s1$$)(fG24Htqr5s`"_!1_),)(–f¥HT$F)X_!28)Wws$Ff’$/hŽHi‹82:1«ª$F),/v«HTj 1_/()(^:7:jN&(_!&¦&(/’+ƒ70_^02}_&<E$5z$t^:&?ˆ©2:_M$F'*$/(f:2x+.13+©2:-0$F&•)()(1|W$-©2‘13 /?2}&<$jN/(f +"7020+"f &€Š Ht1"r6e5t_³–}/<),__)W_2:28f:&<$F5s+"$F_/ )q `
HT5s$F1$)(fGj qr51+"&x),HTˆ©_!$F),/<f/<$F28)m$F_!/hHiˆ0`.1$˜),jN/<&1©$*ˆ0¨N^:-0/`"1),)(_$ f:+ƒ5s_$`a_!/(ˆ0^8_)(&($+ƒ&]&¥‡28$F/hHi_f:1+ƒ),_jN`®&%ˆ0/<_),_&,+"+"&x2u2:bc$F/v1HT)($’1)(),jN_!&c-0+ƒ_!f:),`.$‚– 0&,H]+"bm7:+"+"`"`._!$@)x$*/<¨N1 q
7:bm+.ˆS+"20+.+"/(bm+"28_x‹4-:28)(11/’ˆ0`.&<$1Mb—b’& ^:',"r7 ®§1€5‰78ˆ0$F–‚_',7:j‘_qr-:E),$?113-028_!$?‹3_!b—/(+._Q13; 21F )&xf0/<+"),&(__+"f82:E!+ƒ28_‹}2‘/(-0_!_!‹/($x7878131`"1HT‹3$F+.$E&?$F) &(t^0_!',57 /<$F_)]&x/<),`.1G_'F+"2G_q`
+"'F28`"_‹’&(&,/(+78S$F'F–—_!/(_!+.),13$%24‹_!$-:2:-0$F),)(1_¨8`"`.+"–—bm&,_!`.1/(+.HT13$F2a)t/<1m^:&<$ N)($ U^0+.),+"28‹xbc1)($@'*13bc-0^8/(_!/(+"132:&T/<1c-$F),51),b _
)+*R)K*
>E4#FG8.AIHX8:9J 46AB?T4I7-8:9 1C
.8.AB7 4 J
e¶f:+©$F)($2U/?_!-:-:)(13_'W7¥+"&9/<1M7:_E$ < &<$`.5qrˆ0^:+ƒ`"f:+"28‹I˜28$^8)W_`
2
8
F
$
v
/
T
H
1
(
)
G
j
F
&
‚§
€
:
7
"
+
@
&
h
/
U
–
©
m
$
1
5
/(/<281¥78$F$€/h/(Hi+"702:1+"-0)(&mj4^8'F/'*_!13f:/<$F2:_!‹&(/(1/<_G),)(¦§^:–€'*/(78_&$20+"fš/(ª%&‰)(7:113_H^8&—-2M_M_!`")(),$F$',/(_7078f8+./<1G–¤$fc'*ˆ©/(1^8$F5©$)(#%$92š_!H]_!/(_7:-:+"-0]`.$«`"+"_$/<2:f¤),f0_/<`"+"+"201¢28+"‹c28/(‹X78wr$Mª /(78u&($?/<1N# 28',@$Fj³H | -:_),f:+"B '*f8" $46$Žf}-:A#),":^:$ˆ©20f:$+.+"`./('*13&t/(28+.1313‹322 &
-:_2:)(1f}ˆS2:`.$13bŒ2GqvˆN`"+"–c28$/(_!78)‰$]`.º1Q{ Hi$F)%§€f:+"Hibc1X$_20`.&(/<+.$F13),2:2:__!`S/()(+"E$F$-:&i)($'F&(_$2 2‘/(ˆ©_!$]/(+.+"132U2 E$wz&<\ /(+.
O‹3#«_!/<‡%$f|t®28lt$F/h_Hi&,1'F_),jNf8&F$*qv'*1)()($`"_!/(+"132
t
l
_
,
&
F
'
_
8
f
*
$
v
q
*
'
1
(
)
(
)
$
"
`
!
_
(
/
"
+
3
1
m
2
"
+
&
«
_
(
&
8
^
©
F
$
(
)
G
E
"
+
<
&
$
?
f
"
`
$
!
_
,
)
:
2
"
+
8
2
«
‹
_
.
`
‹
1
,
)
"
+
(
/
:
7
b

H
:
7
"
+
W
'
?
7
0
ˆ
0
^
"
+
"
`
:
f
O
&
%
_
:
2
$
8
^
,
)
_
`
1285$F/h/vHiHT§€11m7:)($gj -07:13__^8&i&(/<-S$-0&_!^:¦)(/—/i13^81^:5/<2:-0/(+./(^878&—/€$])(^0`.$$2:'*_!+.$)W/t+.2:E/<+"$),28_‹9+"+"282:-0-0+ƒ)(28^:1N‹c/c'*$_5&,2:)(&F13f}b§€7:+"78_f0$%`"f8`]_$+"`.2‚28‹-01^:),^82:+./m/(+./t7:_b /<20),fµ_'*+"13207:2:+"+"28&(f0+ƒ‹8f8&</($&®2š1^:52:/(78+"/($]&F +./<$F )W2_!/(/(+.13782 $
0),&(/T-S7:_&<$813^8/<-0^:/€^:2:+./tHT$+.‹37‘/(&_!)($9/<),_+"2:$f‚/<1—bm+"2:+ƒbm+.´F$/(7:$?&(^:b¯&N^:_!)($f‚$F),)(1)
b)(c$$&(+ƒ_f:&(^:^:_)($`G®D$F)(«)(12:)i'*$51/()T70$+"&_',/<7˜),_^:+ƒ2:2:+"+"28/¦‹@132—-:),$1N_'*'W$7—&(&i/<),`.$F_E+ƒ2:$+"`"28&®‹@1 C-0G_!_/</<S$F)W202_`8h$F5©-©/(1N78'W$7 $F+")(&®)(),1^:)®2c),$/<bm1x_)(+"$2:'*&i1),_!f ˆ1Q/(78E$$
_m'*$F§€)(/(7:_$«+ƒ242:$F/(78H)($7:&(+"7:f:13f8`"$f2˜8_m^:2:28+"$F/iH )($70'*$+"f:+"Ef8$$&€2‚+"28^:-02:^:+"/t/i+ƒ5s&‰)(13+"2:b¶&<$F/()(78/<$$9fa+"2:-0^8/i^02:+./(&t_2:f4_`"`-:)($FEG+.13^:&,`.–
'*^:)(2:$+"_!/®/<HT$fu$+.‹37:7‘+"f:/‰f:+"$&i2˜/<),^0_2:+"2:+./($&Ff /<§€1c7Nbm^:& _0¨8/(+"78bm$?+"´F7:$+"f0/(f878$$@2‚&(^:^:b 2:+./(1&t55s/(17:),$«b b—_m_!'F‹3_2:&,+.'F/(^:_f8f8$$]‰§1€5/(7878$9$«28'*$F1H )()($70`ƒ+"_!f:/(f8+.13$22
J J LNLU ¡vSVXP: OL‘•VX0YZ yGyG{ Z
U›
ˆ©13^8$F/v/<HT-0^:$F$/‰2m/<),13_^8+"2:/<-S+"2:^8‹’/E-S_7:`"_^:&<$$&i51N)$F$ $_S'W‹37m^8-0)($9_!/<BN/<C$FAc)W2m5s1_)2:_fc24/($*78¨8$‰_),bc$&(-0+"f:`.$^:_`U$F)()(1)®5)(13b¼/(7:$‰-:)($FEG+.13^:&
output units
hidden units
6p +"‹3^8)($?BNCA ¨G_bm-0`.$@15'F_&('F_f8$*qv'*1)()($`ƒ_!/(+.132
\
#«‡>2:$F/vHT1)(jN&—^:&<$4_u/<$',7:2:+ U^8$‚5s1)c)($'*1Gf:+"28‹ b’^:`./(+"f:+ƒbc$2:&(+.1320_` f:_!/(_ +"2¤_
)(/<$$F-:',70),$2:&<+$N2‘^8/($4_!/(+"+"&X132x-07:1_5S&<)($*$qvf:&(-0^:_'*$'*f’$4f:)($+"bm'*13$2:2:&<&(/<+.)W13^:2:'*_/(`ƒ+.+.13/v2¤–pˆN:– 1) $&(bx'Fˆ©_`"$_!f:)¦f:/(+"+"28bc‹u$t/(&<78$F$‚),+"$/(&O+"bcf:$*_!qv/(`ƒ_ _U'(j_%$'*fµ13b—&,'Fbc_`"13_!2 )
&(_?+.‹3&(20$F/i_`U1+"5a2X+"2:_«-07:^8+./®‹37:f:$F_!)6/(_xf:+ƒ+"bc2—$_’2:28&(+.13132G20qv_`ƒ+"`‘28&<$-0_!_) '*Ht$¦§_–€7:T$T–m+"f:^:$&,_]+"28+"&6‹9/</(1@7:)(+ƒ$& f0)(^:$f:'*$i^0'*/(7:/(+.$t132f0‘+"bc/(7:$$]2:&('*+"113)(2:)(_$`ƒ`"_!+./h/(–%+.1312 5
ˆ©HT$F1/v)(HTjN$F&$2˜/(78$]f:_!/(_’+"&i_`"&<1?),$f:^:'*$f®N$F$ 0‹3^8)($«BNCI95s1)T_2˜+"f8$_?15a781H /(7:+"&i28$F/vHT1)(j
input units
Auto associator
Output
Decoding layer
Hidden layer
"bottleneck"
(representation layer)
Encoding layer
1p 5¦+.‹3f:^8_!)(/($’_ BNCITe¼28$F/hHi1)(j}'F_!-S_!ˆ0`.$915¦28132Gqv`ƒ+"28$_!)€`.1QHi$F)«f:+"bc$20&(+.132:_`)($F-:),$&<$2‘/(_!/(+"132:&
Input
‘±
KMLNOQPSRTOLUWVX0YZ
)+*R)K*
K? 9 >E4#FG8.AIHKJ
82+"2U2µ$FE$$_¥f &</(2Nf:+.‹3^:+©_!bx/<$F$@ˆ©)($$FH2‘)—/97:1$F&,59/(^878ˆ0_!$F-:28)‰-0$F/(/h`ƒ7:Hi+"'F+"1_!&t)(/(+"jG+.&t13&92:_5s`"&c1&<1X)xHT/($M'*78$F$9),70/(_'F_E_+"$2¢&($@/<-015_!1),)‰f8/($&9/(78_1`]$@5tH&</(/<78+.1G/($—'(7µj˜f:78/(_!$F+"/(bc/<_G$F$@)(1&< ‹$F/?$)W2:+"+.&9$+.&t/h_g– ˆU ‹–˜1U/(^:1G70&(f¥_!+"2:/ +ƒ‹xf8+"& $5st$F_‚$HT/<fG1$ q
5s_1`.‹)(HT1),_!+")W/(f³7:b 28$F1/v5,HTI@1)(13jG7:&m1328+"2³$2'*‰§13bx€ˆ078+"$ 2:
_!/(+.13¬2 _H`"‹+"1/(7¤),+./(/(7:78b $ a'F`ƒ$^:_&<&</</ $F),¦&$/('*78/<$x1) +"2:«-0^8^:/€_2Uf:/(_!+.´/(_!_ /(©+._132:2fgw &($2:9f:&|
+./‰/<1m/(7:$?_!-:-:)(1-0),+"_!/<$@&(^8ˆ02:$F/vHT1)(jS
)+*R)K*
K7 2"C-> AI> E?5AIAI> 9:4L95>E4#FG8.AIHKJ
5J
€/(§ 7878$F$%)($˜/<1_!-©)(13$—`.1_‹f:–˜f0+.1/(5+.13“F2:”_{`¦&T5s$F+ƒ$&Tf8&,ˆ0+"bm_',+"j¢`"_!)i'*13/<2:1c28/($7:'*_!/(/‰+.131205O&9_X/(7:`"__!–/’$F)(bm$f4_!j5s$ $F$/(fG7:qr$—5s128)(HT$F/v_!HT)Wf˜1)(2:j¢$F&(/vHT^0+.1/()(_!jNˆ0&`.:$cˆ05s^81)/
/(7:78+"f0$’f8^:$&<2$9!13_2g2:f’/(+"13bc28$?$t13&<$F^8)W/<+.-0$&F^8te/`"_–“F$F”){¢§€/h–U78-S$t+"'*'F13_2‘`"`./<–‚$*¨G'*/132:`"_&(–+"&($F/()®&€)(1$5'*$13+.28E$x$&+ƒ285s$F-0$^8f8/ˆ08_13'(28j’$’5s)('*1313b¼2‘/<$*_%¨G70/+.©‹3137828$F$)
HHT`"_$+.–/(+.$F7
‹3)x7‘/(+"wz2:+&iŽ5$_!1®')(),$]b—F`.&(13_!$F&(/(/ $F+.13)‰/<21 /<1c:_!¨Gˆ©/(78$13fc$@^8/‚E!13_^8-:`"/<^8),-0$F$^8EN& /‰U+.13_`"^0_2:–& fc$F_)•13|i'*2:/(1`.+.–’E!)€_!/(5s/()(78+.1313$€b¯2:HT&‚$+./(+.1‹3&<5’$7U`"/('*5&®$F_)(132:/(2m_f4+"/(2 +.78/t$^:-:5s20)(11Q+.)(/(ENHt&F+ƒf8_!$),fm&T]/(1'*78HT13$92:$F28E28$F$$F)'*/v@/(HT+"131/(782:)(j $&
_-0!)(`"_$‚2u/<),/<_1}+"2:+"2U$f E$&<^0/(&(+.+"‹328_!‹M/<$—51H)c78$*$F¨8/(_78bc$F)?-0“F`.$˜”{/(78&%$4_20&</(f_2:Hf07:_!+"),'Wf 7Mˆ0/h–U_-©'(jU$cqr-:15‰)(1“F-0”_!{a‹3&«_!/('F+"_132 2šˆ©_$c`.‹1^:),&<+.$/(fu70b45s1)@13D ^8$)
-0^8),-§€137:&($F$)(&F$˜_!),$˜bm_2U–¥f:+ $F)($2U/x_!)W',7:+./<$'*/(^:)($&X-©13&(&(+.ˆ0`"$c51)X/(7:+"&xjG+"2:f¢15]28$F/vHT1)(jG&
__2:2:fgf4/<Hi$$’&(/]'F_f:2M+ ©^:$F)(&($$92U‹/€$2828$F$F/v/(HT+"'’1)(_jG`.‹&]1+ƒ),2‚+./(-070_!bm),&‰_`"/<`.$1 `©S132:2gf}/(78+./F$?‰§2 €70+"&‰» 4‹$&(28^8$F-©/($F+"'x),'*_13`.bm‹1-0),^8+./(/<70$Fb>)€_'F2:_f}2M&(/<$),`._$+"'*2 /
/(78$9ˆ©$&</‰132:$@51)€/(7:$?&</<1G'(j‚-:),+"'*$@-0)($f:+"'*/(+.132˜-:),1ˆ0`.$b4
)+*R)K*
?C-C AI> E?AIAI>@9 4 9>E4#FG8.AIHKJ
()/(§€$78782U$$%/¦&<$928f:'*$F+©13/vHT$F20)(128$)($2:jX'*'*/($%+"+.2:13ˆ©'F2:`"$F&‰^:/vHTf:'F_$$F24&O$24f:ˆ©+"“$«)($”`.'*{0$/O_!F &T1),28) _$+ƒ2:fa2:f—f:+.5z¦)(^:$¨8`"'*`"_–’/6bc`.),1N$-01'F`.-0$^8&T&6)()(11$552U'*&(/T^:132:2:',$F742:/v$HT2:'*$F1/(/v)(+.13HTjN2:&t1&)(+"3jN&i_&/(2:7:_!f’_!)($/t/(78_’$‰15sHT^:- `ƒ$S`.+.–x$‹3`"7U),f4$/('F&_^82:13)<2f q
/(T_78`.13/<$«$F`./<),5s´20$Fbm$_!fG/(_qr+.2 E51$28),HT$F/v_!HT),1f‚)(jG28&F$F/hHi§1)W),_jN+"2:&‰+"f8281X‹@28'F_12c/t‹3ˆ©+.$€E$«f:+ /( 78$«'F^:f8`.$/ &(3+._),2:$f—fm)(/($+"bc&,^:$€`./('*& 13N2:/(&(7:^0+"&Tbmbm+"28+.‹8‹37U/tˆ1Q$%Hi$F_’E‹$F1U) G1G+"f 5
)+*R)K*
> 13AIH
8/(p 781$@)?'*bm1G13f8&<$@/«'F1_5i24/(ˆ©78$]$X)(-:$*),qv1^0-&<$13f&($fu§€_78`"$«/<$F_),f2:;(_!^:/(&<+.E/(bc$&«$12U5i/(&t/(78ˆ©$c$F/v5HT$F$$Ff8$24qr51/()(78Ht$@_!f:),+f ©$F28)($F$/h2UHi/T1_!),-0jM-:/()(7813$c_','*7:1$)(&‰$c1312 5
/(78$?`"$FE$`156'*1Gf8$?_!),$?281/‰/<1N1mˆ0+.‹8
)+*R)K*
U8:9J7-0>QAI14I7 8:9
Hf:2š++.©/(/(7}$F7:)($/(+"&m+"2Ubc/‰-:$*$F)(qr)(1H)(;<1$+"20)'*/—f8bm1HTH$$g_&€&(H^8H)(+"+"$`ƒ`"`‰`&?ˆ©28w «$?1/—“^:g&</<$)(_–³f}2:5f}_1`")]`€· 131^85@S)º /(678-:|T$g),1_-:ˆ020),`.f‚$1b4-/(7813,D&($?$&(f³+.$’´FjN$@H+ƒ2:1+"`ƒ5f:`S&c/($*78¨G1$9-©5@`"$F$28),_!$F+"bc),/h2:Hi$+"12U28)(/€‹cjGH&F&<y$F+"/F/(74GyG/({a78$&
1
i ‰ @ ‰ 15s§€)(5‰1378&<b>$F/<),1G$/('(+ƒ+"j bc& _9-:$x),`ƒ/<+ƒ_!1˜'*)($’‹/($+"-0bc)(_$$xbcf:H13+"'*^:+./(/(2U+.7M13/®2 /(1785ŽI$X+""2UA`"/<_!$F/<)($$&<"&</«/®f:51_!B )i/("r_ /(©78§5$178^:)«$m&<$*$¨8281_$5©bc^82:),-0_$`.`¦^8$’),2:_+"$F2:`8/v'FHT28`"$F^:1/hf0)(HijN+"281&’‹X)('FjG$_&T_!2¢+"),2c2:ˆ©+"/($c2:78‹3$)(&$Ff:/<)()W13$_bm&,+"^:28_`.$+"/(2f &
_2:f}+ƒ2‘/<$F)($&(/‰),_!/<$&F
%'$ (*) 9)" 793 ) 8 5 7&; 8>)
>/ 8>)05 7&/()
§€78$F),$9_!)($?bm_2U–˜&(/<$F-0&€+"2‚ˆ0^0+"`"f:+"2:‹x_c5s1)($'F_&</(+"2:‹—bc1Gf8$` 8 _&&</(_!/<$fM+"2 " ! #/(%7:$$'F&<+"$?f:$ &</<$F13-02 &•|TH57:1_!)/’$–_13',7}^8)X/(_!/(),_!‹)($F‹/F$F/c+"&’_2:f f8$FE$`.1-³_M2:$^8),_`®2:$F/vHT1)(j ws5s13`"`.1QH+"28‹
BN#%$F/<$F),b—+"28$9/(78$@/(+ƒbc$@5)W_bc$9/(7:_!/€–13^}H+"&(7‚/<1m5s1)($'F_&</F
ŠN%ª@_!/(78$F)]+"2:51),b—_!/(+.1324_!ˆ©13^8/‰/(78$9-:),1ˆ0`.$b¶f813bm_+"2a
8%ª/(@_!_!),/(‹78$F/F$F)/(78$92:$F$f8$f4f:_!/(_m_2:f‚‹$F/]_c5$F$`©5s1)€$_'W7g+"28-S^8/(&T)($`"_!/(+.132:&,7:+.-˜/<1m/(78$
AN­®)(1G'*$&(&€/(78$9f0_!/(_c/<1—7:+.‹370`"+.‹37U/T5s$_!/(^8)($&€51)€/(7:$?28$F/vHT1)(j‚/<1—f:+ƒ&('*$F),2
IN§O),_2:&(51),b /(78$9f:_!/(_m_&]_!-:-:)(1-:)W+"_!/<$
dU%8'F_`.$?_2:f‚ˆ0+ƒ_&‰/(78$9f:_!/(_c5s1)/(7:$928$F/vHT1)(j4_&28$F$f:$f
oN‡$f:^:'*$9/(7:$9f:+"bc$2:&,+.132:_`"+./h–m156/(78$?+"28-S^8/Tf0_!/(_m_&b’^:',7g_&€-©13&(&(+.ˆS`.$
~N#-S%_!$),&(_+"‹3bc2g$F/<_m$F),28&$FS/hHi`.$1_!),),j‚2:+"_!2:)W‹’',7:-S+._!/<),$_'*f:/(^:+.‹3)(b $ |Wws/<1-©13`.1‹– S2N^:bxˆ©$F)‰15`ƒ_–$F),& S&(+.´F$915`"_–$F)W& F†G%ª«1m/(78)(13^8‹37}/(78$9/<),_+"2°Q/<$&</W°Q)($f8$&(+"‹32}`.1N1-451)%_c28$F/vHT1)(j
! i`"+"bm+ƒ2:_!/<$@'*1)()($`"_!/<$f}+ƒ28-0^8/(&‰_&€b’^:'W7g_&‰-©13&(&(+"ˆ0`.$ GH7:+"`"$%+"24&(/<$F-¥F†G
BN#%$F-0`"1–‚/(78$?28$F/hHi1),j˜132g28$FH f:_!/(_m_20f4/<$&</+./€_20f4)($ S28$9+"/t_&]28$'*$&(&(_!),–
2 /(7:$%28$*¨G/‰&(^8ˆ0&($'*/(+.132:&T&<13bc$«15/(78$@&</<$F-S&Tbm$2‘/(+.132:$f˜_!ˆ©1QE$@H+"`"`0ˆ$%$*¨8_bm+"28$f˜+"2
bc1)($xf8$F/(_+"`
A
œ4LUSLGRs0žsOŸ P¢¡vSQLN3P:ZFsOŸ¤£¥6LNR
+*-,.*-,
5> 4613A .>E4 139"0;4I7 > <ZAI1 >
:-p'*$F)(+.)(),$/(&<f0_/—+"+"'*2Hi/i$uE!+"20_7:f8`"^8_$*E$¨.&t$u1+./<5561 Hi/(78'W$X78$9Ht1U&<13_/<&(1G2‘$M'(/%jG/(/<&F781‚®e$g‹3%+./(E28_!$X1)(‹/(_78$F2g/F$F)$FE!-§€_13`"78&,^:&($g_!+.ˆ0/(/(+.+"_!13`ƒ+.)(2u/v‹–c$F5s1/+"&T)%1/<_˜5@1c2N13-:^:^:)()b?$f0ˆ©28+"'*$F$/t)%^8)W/(1_785 `€$9'*2813f:$Fbc+./v)(HT$-0'*1_/()(2:+"jµ13+"$2 &F+ƒ&c15/<21_
/(+"2:7:f:_!$*/T¨'F_&<$/(78$%f:+.)($'*/(+"132c15©/(78$]'*13bc-S_2‘.– F &i+ƒ2:f8$*¨c+"& +"bc-©1)(/(_2U/ U2:1/ /(78$$*¨8_'*/T-:),+"'*$
2/<8$F$F),/hbHie%128-:)(1j‚)(/($78bcf0$F+"1G)˜'*f8/(f8+.$13$`S2'F5¼§+"1&()€+.13€_X2µ78&($787:1_&<),&m$F/ $qr/<bm/<1¢$F+"),2:ˆ©b¶‹3$g`.-:–³b—)($),__f:f82:+ƒ$'*f8g/(13+.13/(b 278$M+ƒ&T',&(7:70+.´F_!_!$}1),/(f81+ƒ$F'M5«)t/(E!/<78_!1c$M),+"'*_!/()(/(+"$bc+"_!13/<$42:$9& 5s/(),7:_!_/4_bc2˜&($b—5s
e1_)€…`"`._’$F)˜2:`"13$/(28^8+"‹bc),$F_$) `
&$('F'*_13`.28$13&bm]_+ƒ'2:5sf 1),/('*78$$&T/(_!7:-:_!-©/ $8_!13),2 _2:/('*78$$]11/(5x7:b—$F)t_!70)(j_$F2:/4f N285s13^:+"&<20$f:_bmbc+.‹3$2U7U/(/ _$*`"`.¨G–X-0bc`"_1+ƒ2µE$9/(bm7:+ƒ_!&F),j$F§/i781Q$uE$Fb—)€_`.13'*28)(1‹
-©bc$F13),2U+.1G/(79f:& 5s1)(bc$1'FE_$m&</6&(H`"1+"H`"``./(–_!9pj$t:1`.$)9&(&_ $ ‹3+"1E)($/O2MH$F+.),/()(791)@_]/<2813$`.^8$F),),__`‘2:28'*$$F/vaHT_˜113)(j@28$*/(qr7:–_$2x_!)?_‰513128)($*$qv'Ff:__&(/–9a511)«),$13'F28_$*&</q
H+"`ƒ` p81)’/(78$m‹3+"E$2¢-:)(1ˆS`.$b _}&(781),/ qr/<$F),b -:),$f:+"'*/(+.132 H]+"`"`6ˆ©$m^:&<$f 1QHi$FE$F) 5s1)
_/(782u13+"&<2‘$—E1$&(5i/(/(bc78$$ 2‘28/%$/(_!78)9$’5z^8$*¨N/(^8-©)($$ '*a/(_!&</(1g+.13/(2078&%$2¢+ƒ2}_4/(78`.13$x285s‹!^8qr),/</($F78)Wb$F)-:5z^8)(/($^8f0)(+"$x'*/(_!+.13)(2$’bm&(78113)(^:$’`ƒfM+ƒbcˆ©-©$m1^:)(/(&(_$2‘f/c§/(€7:_782 $
_yGf:yG_!{g-:5s/(1_!)‰/(+"`.13132:28&9‹!qr/(/<7:$F_!),b/’7:-:_)(E$$ f0+"/<'*1g/(+.13ˆ©2˜$m_!bm)($]_f8$*$—¨G-©/<1g$'*/<-:$)(f‚$F-S/<_!1X)($mˆ$%_gbm&(7:+"2:1+ƒ)(bm/ qr_/<$F` ),b h/t+"-0& )($Uf:^:+"+"'*/</($%+.13`"+"2j$/<`.)W–X_/(+"287:$_!f /
132:`.– /(78$?2N^:bxˆ$F)‰15¦+"2:-0^8/t_2:f}7:+"f0f8$2‚281Nf:$&‰7:_E$x/<1mˆ©$@)($f8$F/<$F),bm+ƒ28$f
+*-,.*R)
8 137 9 >K2 >QA64I7-J >
O§bm1’_!)(ˆSj^:$F+"/`"f jG_282 1H$ ©`"$$f8'*‹/(+.$?E$9_!ˆ©-013)(^8$f:/+"/('*7:/(+.$9E$%5s_bc'*/<1G1f8)W&$`/(17:5_!/«/(78+"$«2&</<^81G$'(2:j‚'*$«bm/(_!78)($xj$Fb—/8_!1)(j)€$F_/]28+"1&/()(78$ $FN) ^:+.)(2:$_f2:‰'F+"N_1 `
HTf:_!$X/(_G70_E$c/<14+"2UE$&</(+.‹3_!/<$c/(7:+"&%f813bm_+ƒ2gˆ©$F5s1)($x/<)W_+"2:+"28‹ /(78$c28$F/vHT1)(ju_2:fu)($F/<),+.$FEG+"28‹
+*-,.*
145>QAB7 9 051461
()§€§€$F787:/<),$u+ƒ&+"$Ff:-:E_!)($1/(f _ EG+"5sf8)(/<131$F)b ˆ©'F$_#«2m_!^:1/(&<_‘$Nf$F/<)T)(5^:$1_&)˜b4_9/<),`._1+"/¦#«201+"_!285©/(‹_‘f:‰N+©/</<)($F$$)(&<_$/(2Ub+"2:/¦‹ jN+"&’+ƒ_2:_M2:f:f&-:1)(),15©^:EGf:20+"_!2:f8/(+"$F_28)xN‹ 1&,5^:/(78',&<$7m/<1G_28'(& j $F/h)(Hi$Ff:/(1_!^8)(/(),.j_g2m5s+ƒ1H]2:)Xf:+"`"ºƒ+"`€{'*$ˆ©&$ +"2U/<$F)($&</€)W_!/<$& :ˆ©132:f:& G$F/('! 15¦_m`ƒ_!)(‹$92U^0b?ˆ©$F)‰15¦f:+ ©$F)($2U/€bm_!)(j$F/(&F
+*-,.*
AI>Q2"AI8 X >@JJ 7 9 4 5> 051461 <Z8.A 45> 95>E4]FU8.ABH
*$/(/t78¨8$X_+ƒ&®bcf:-©-0_!13/(`.&($9_ &(HT+"ˆ0_$?`.&«$€'Ff:/<_+"1c2u&('F-:^:^:),&<&,$F$?&<-:$)(_fg1GD¢'*+"2M$_&(&®',E7:$/(_!`.7:$F-0$«/«/<f0$F/<)@),_!_/(BN2:_x«§&(ˆ©5€1$F),7:5sb1+ƒ)(&$%/<+"1&%‹3+._—SEN`.+ƒ)W/<28_!$F‹’)/(78+"13/i$F^8)%/</€1Xf0/(+/(78 78$’$@'F'*^:281`.$/)(^8)(1$)W-`"__!$F`S/()W28+._!13$F/(20/h+.Hi&‰1321ˆ©©),$FjS_/vHT®p2:fM:$F$1+"2 ) 5
/(78$?2:$F/vHT1)(j‚-$F),51),b—&t‹1U1Gf4132}&('F_`"$f}f:_!/(_ 0/(7:$24/(7:+"&‰+"&t15s/<$2g2:1/28$'*$&(&(_!),–
+*-,.*
7 90"7-9 Z< >Q14I?5AI>@JL7-9 45> 7-92"?54 051461
eE!_`"-©^813$&(&@&(1+.ˆ05t+ƒ`"&<+.13/v–Mbc$—+"&@'*/<131gbm/<-0),–u_2:/<+.1$&9S'F2:_f¢2¢`"/($78_$f82 $F),ˆ©&9$m_2:^:f¥&<$f513`ƒ/<`.1}1HT-0$F)(),$&?f:+"+ƒ'*2 /9/(_‚78$—E!_&<`"/<^81G$c'(j¢5s1b—)?_!&<13)(jbc$F$—/F4§1/(€7878$F$)
'*13bc-0_2U– p:1) $*¨8_bc-0`.$/(78$F),$M&<$F$b/<1¥ˆ©$ o¥`.$_f:$F),&m5s1) /(7:$M#«^8/(',7 5z^:2:f³15
› Mœ4L‘LNRs0ž£ LN—S¡P¥OLGP0RTLUWVX0Y
8[
ˆN­®­®–˜7070+"+"&<`"`"13+.+.-0-0bm&‰&$@ws5s/()(+"13bcb $&(7:*+"5"s/F|W D §€$?78$'F&<_$]2}`.$^0_&<f8$@$F/(),78&i$@&<$FE!$_b `"^8/<$1’&t1f856$F/</($F78),$9bm`.+ƒ$28_$€f8/($F78),&t$]/<5s1—^8/(-:^:)()($$€f:E!+"'*_/t`"^8/($€78$915a&(­i/<1N7:',+"j˜`"+.-S1&5
+*-,.*
AI19"J <Z8.A 45> 051461 7-< 1322AB8.2AB7-14>
T1-:$/(&(+.+"13f82}$&9H/<+"),`"_`2:ˆ©&<$@5s1f:),+"bm&('F_!^:/(&,+.&<13$2f41+"5t2‚/(/(7878$m$9f028_!$*/(¨G_ /O&(+.^:/9ˆ0+"&<&@$_'*/(`ƒ&<+.13142-©13&(&(+.ˆ0`"$x/<1g&,'F_`.$m/(78$mf:_!/(_G §€7:+"&
+*-,.*
X1C-7-9
0141
H§€bc787:$$€_+ƒ`.2 $&,'F`.E!_13_`"_+"`"f:28^8+ƒ‹«$28a1‹92N-©/(^:$F78bx),$«_!ˆ©/(f:+.$F_!13)@/(2c_x1H]5i5)(7:E!13+"_b',`"7c^8_$+ƒ&¦&2‚a^:+"_&<2820$-0fXf¢^:ˆN/ &<–x/(S_`.132:$^8Uf:)i/(_!7828)W$%f $F/vb—HTf8$F+"12:EN)(+"+ƒjGb’_!&/(U^:+.13+"bŒ&¦2+ƒE!bc_!_)(-0`"$—^8`.$$f8bcG$Fbm/<$$F2U_),/<b—¨8$+"fc+"bx28_$^0& fb¬5s’p13E!`"6`._1Q+"`"),H^8&<$/&
/(ˆN78– $—/(bm78$˜$_2N2¢^:bxE!_ˆ©`"$F^8)9$—1+"&?5€E!'*13_bc`"^8-0$&F^8/<$ f 5 ’ _f:+"f&x/($78_$ 'W7¥&(+"E!´F_$—`"^81$m5‰/(/(7870$‚_!/?f:+"_!&@/(_u)($&<_$Ff¥/ /<1/(78$2¥/( 7:$˜_2:&<f¢/(_f:20+.f:EG_!+"f8),f $
f8$FEG+"_!/(+.1324+"&'*13bc-0^8/<$f4ˆN–.
=
$1\]©50$$e%^8'*)(78/(13+.13E2:`"$f&‚`"H +.28j+"$M-0`ƒ`‘^8/<28/‰1¤1f:/6)(_!ˆ©$/('*$i_m$^:+.HE&<$$F7:5z+"^:/('W787‚` !$&(E+"_!+"2028)('*–˜-0$®^8ˆ©/(/ 78$F/v$tf:HT_!28$F/($$_¤^82M)(+"132ŠX20_&O_¤2:+"2?f¥'*$F/()(78/(F$t_† +ƒ7:02 +"`"f:+.j+ƒf828$@$-02x/(^878/m`"$9_–)W&(_$F/<)¦281N‹',7:j˜$M_E-0/<$‰1¤),+"_]'*ˆ©$@&($+"‹3E!_bcbc`"^81313$+"&<f /&
_BN'*CB3/(|W+.E!_!/(G+.131³2cHi5z^:$¥2:'*&,/(78+.1313^:2X`"f
/(70_!',7:/ 1U& 13U&<^0$ _7:f:&<_!$/(& _³`"_!H),‹+"/($€7:+"+"282
-0^8_¤/6),E!__28`"^8‹$$¢&/(/<7019_!$/g+./(f87:1N$F)$&}†@2811) /gX&(9_!/(wz&<^:$F),$ _!/<0$‹3@^81)($)
1&('FE_$F`.),$?H/(7878$$9`"b>+"28-0/(78^:$x/(&‰28^:$^:&(+")(2813‹’2:&F/(Te78$9¼5s13‹`"1U`.1Q1GHfg+"28+"f:‹X$_m5z^:+"2:&‰'*/</(1˜+.1322',78 1N13&<$X+"28-0^8/(&t5s)(13b q,9/<1M! D $X'F_2
.
,
"
"
(/ 7:_!/]+"&:&(^8ˆ0/<),_'*/‰/(78$?_E$F),_!‹$’_20f4f:+.EG+"f8$«ˆU–˜/(78$9&</(_20f:_!),f}f8$FEG+"_!/(+.132a
G'F_`"+ƒ28‹X156/(7:$@13^8/<-0^8/(&
=
´F$*¨8$F)(_1U'*e]|'/(€5`.–/<_$F)x2:Hf¤&(7:'F_!/(_/97:`"+"$}HT28‹˜$—13^8/(Ht/<78-0_$m2U^8+"/</(2:$&—-0f _!^8)(/(ˆ$}&]$‹3H'F^:_+"^0`"_!`O),&<_$mˆ©2U$X/(/<78$F&,$˜+.$/(f^:&(+._!/<‹3/<1¢bc$f ˆ©13+"$4_!f¢)(ˆ135s$F^:^:/h2020Hi'*fM$F/($+.´F132µ$F2 ),1´F$FH])(ws$F17:E+"$',_7¥2 20f³+"),&9_!13/(^:2878&<$$F$)9µ§f¥'F€5`"11370)x&<+"$c&c/(78/<+"1$&
13__'*^8'*/(/(/<+.^:-0E!_^:_!`/«/(+.-:1370)(2u_$&«f:1+"ˆ5®'*/($F/(+"$78132u$X2 -:^:E!),2:_1N`"+"^8/(f:& $Q^0S|''*+"$&%fˆ©13+./«^:2:Hf:+"$`"`Of}ˆ©ˆN$’–}&(´F'F$F_)(`"$1‚f_ˆ02:fu_'(ju1328/<$‚14wz/(&(78$F$$mS_'*‹3/(^8^:)(_$c`BNE!C_B3`"|W^89e$}wz5s+ /<Ž$$F’/)@/((7878$$
w ‘w O|<
| ¦=
.
$
'
$
$
$
œ4LUSLGRs0žsOŸ P¢¡vSQLN3P:ZFsOŸ¤£¥6LNR
+*-,.*
5> 46AI17-9 46>@J 4 AI>@0>@J7 :9 C 8+8.2
Mf:+ ©13&<$F/€)($12U5//(178-:$9/(-:+"13),2:1N&€'*$/<&(1 &€S12:56fgf8$F/(/<78$F$?)Wbmˆ©$+"2:&</+"2:0‹’//(5s7:1$@)]ˆ/($7:&($?/‰-:-0)(_!1),ˆS_`.bc$b>$F/<$F7:),_&]E+"$X&‰/</<1 ),+ƒ_ˆ©`$9_$*2:¨Gf4-0`.$F1)()()($1fa)€§€§€7878$$
5s13`"`.1H]+"28‹c&</<$F-0&€70_E$?/<1—ˆ$@/(_!j$22
žRsx L‚6P8P #«+.EG+"f8$€/(78$«f:_!/(_’&<$F/t+"2‘/<1’_x`"$_!),2:+"28‹9&($F/T_2:f˜_x/<$&</(+"28‹’&<$F/F
J%&<$?_!ˆ©13^8/o!† ¯51)/(78$9/<),_+"20+"28‹X&<$F/ S_2:f}B!† ¯51)]/(78$@/<$&</(+"2:‹—&<$F/F
TP0z¢P0O¢QLUZF N/(_!)(/¦H]+./(7c_@28$F/vHT1)(jX/<1-©13`.1‹–X_2:fc/<),_+"2X/(7:$€28$F/vHT1)(jX132
/(_!7:-0$T-0`./<–g)W_/(+"7:2:$m+"28/<‹]),f:_+"_!28/($_Gf D 2:$F78/vHT$2X1)(_%j &(13_!2/(+"&</(5z78_'*$m/<1/<$)(&(–’/?bmf:+"_!2:/(+"_}b’_^:2:b f¥/<28),_1+"/<2:$m+"2:/(78‹€$m$F)($F)(),1)()¦1)+"&Om‡)(€$_$',&(7:/($_!f)(/ /(HT7:$$m+.‹3-:7U)(/(1G&‰'*_$2:&(&«f‚H&<$F+.$@/(7+.5/(_’7:$mˆ©$F&(/<_/<bc$F)t$—$F28)($F)(1/hHi)‰113),2˜ju/</<),1_-©+"2:13+ƒ`.281‹x‹–u_2:5s1f˜)?/<_4$&</‰f:+ &<©$F$F/()(&‰$'F2U_/92‚&<$Fˆ©/@$%1)(5‰$_+"2:',7:+./($+"f_`
§S),78&<$?/4)(_!$/<_/<&($13bc2M-:+"/g&_/(7:20_!f
/),/(_7:2:$xf82813$Fbm/hHi+"´1+"28)(jM‹¤bm+"2:_+.–g/(+"_70`]_EHT$’$+.5‹3137‘^:/(20&gf}bm_ _`"–
1N'F`._$`O_fbm+"/<2:1š+"b’_³^:b¶f:+ 13$F2M)($/(2U78/ $ b—_–Nˆ$?ˆ$F/</<$F)]&<13`"^8/(+.132a
),/<@)W$Rz_bcz+"£ 2:1+"EGz28+"O28‹cP8‹m_2:L¤_24f}z+"/<2:$ž-0&<a/^8Q/t&<Z$F_/(2:&F§Of4)(28–1/</(1}+"28‹X)($/(f:78^:$@'*$—ˆ©$/(&<78/t$—$F2N)(),^:1b?)‰ˆ©/(7:$F)9_!/€15‰'F_+"242:-0ˆ©^8$@/(& _',7:ˆN–+.$FE+./<$$Ff}),_!13/(24+.E/($78`.– $
*_mQˆLU$F/<P8/<Q$F)SLG)($R }&(^:`./FP0zP0OLUZ ‡€$F-©$_!//(78$t/<),_+"2’_2:f’/<$&</¦-:),1N'*$&(&O/<19_',70+.$FE$
-©œ4_20$FLN)(f4ž5s1/<R),$ bm&</€&-0O70hL—_5‰&<O/($97:L‘7:$ •_V’$F&‰)(S/<),Q1 1Y )’ˆ+"$«&’J])(&(28$*$‰qr1$/’/(2U78&(/<$t$F_!)(/</($$+"&<f&<5z/®_'*&<$F/<1/¦)(/<–19 &</($F78$€$‚7:f81H³$&(+"/(‹3782¢$‰-01-:7:/(_+ƒ&(bm$ +.1´F$)’fX/(7828$˜$F/vHT/<),1_)(+"j2
L),$F/<U),_+"ZQ28ƒ$‰f ‘HL?78O$2XLUW/(VX78$F0)($]Y—+"&V )($_LG&<4132—3/<19/(7:Q+"s28SjxO/(Z€7:_!O/®P028O$FHŸ0L +"285s§€178),bm$ 2:_!/($F+./v13HT241)(ws)(j@$7:`.$F_E!&_/<2U1/ ˆ©/<1$
/(/(7:7:$’$g-0&</<)(1G1'(ˆ0jš`.$b-:)W|€+"'*'F$4_2-:)(+"$bcf:-:+ƒ'*)(/(1Q+.13E$x2¤/(-:7:)($x1ˆ0-©`"$F$)(b 5s1),&(bm7813_^:2:`"'*f¤$’ˆ©15$}/(),78$F$X/<),28_$F+"28/hHi$fš1)(j_!/˜9§`.€$_78&<$X/myG13yG20{¥'*$M5s1_ )
HTHT$F$$F`"`.j H]:+.+.5/(7‚281/(/i78$9132˜28$F_’H f:_+ƒ28+"`.5–X1)Wˆ0bm__!&(+ƒ/(&F+.132h5G/(/(7878$«$?28f:$F$/h&(Hi+.‹312‚)(j -07:&<$F_$&(bm$9&t7:_28&‰1x/<`"1m1328ˆ©‹$@$F)t)($*/<qr1x$2U‹/<$$F28)($F$)Wf_`"+.´F$
/(§6_7878_!$9$jN_+"yG2:fgyG‹M{ 51/()f878$$e%&(&(+.78$‚‹3132:&(`"$/<f$Ff |'-0 5s& 1 )€/(1378^8$‚)€5s&(13/<`"1N`.1Q',Hj˜+"28-0‹M),+"'*-0$%_!-:),_)($bcf:$F+"/<'*$F/(),+"13&c2 70-0_)(E1$4ˆ0ˆ©`.$$Fb $2 ws-:513)(^:$f020+"f¥'*/(/<+.131 2‚ˆ©1$˜56ˆ1328$&($9/xf:5s_1– )
2N2N^:^:bxbxˆ©ˆ©$F$F)‰)‰1155+ƒ7028+"-0f:^8f8/t$2‚^:2:^:+.2:/(+"& /(&
F†
/($F7:/(_ )($&(7813`"f
†G"@1)]`.$!&,† &
)W__`"2:5s2:__f8` 13%bm“ +.´F$f4&(/(_!)(/(+"28‹cHT$+.‹37U/(& †G= †8 i†G†G= †8†G†8C ~ "
š 2/(78$c/(7:f:+"_!&9/(_‚'W7:&<_!$F-:/(&F/<$F9§)x/(7878$$ 2Mf:_‚_!/(f:_g+ƒ&(&<'F$F^:/x&(&(+"&?+"13f:2}+"&(_!'Fˆ©^:13&,^8&<$/]f/(7:$XD &,$—+.´FH]$©+"`"5`1),+"2Ub—/<)(_!1N/«f0_^:20'*fu$c'*/(13782U$—E&<$F1),5s&(/v+"Ht132M_!)(1$‚5i_/(2:78f $
f:7:_!_E/(_4$?/<&<1m$F/?ˆ©H$@+"bm`"`O_ˆ©f8$’$:‹3+"/(E70$+"2&‰’­+"&‰6/(1378&($@&,+./<ˆ01`.-S–g+"'@_2¥15_&<f:$_!'*-:/(+./(13_!2}/(+.1382CAN 15T/(78$c'*1Gf8$c15i/(7:$m`"+.ˆ:),_!),–}bm_–
%'$
79;5 /)
€§2N^:78b?$@ˆ©-0$F)()61‹1),5S_+"b¯2:-0^8/(7:/_!_/2:HifX$@7:+ƒH€f:),f81$/<2?$92:1 1Nf8$F$)W&&€O§/(€78$@78$F-©),13$T&(+"&(&+"ˆ0_+"`.`"Ht+./h_–c–G/<&61m1328ˆ0$t^:+ƒ13`"f^8/<yG-0yG^8{a/&t28H1Gf8+"/($74__c&EHi_!$t)W+"13_!2:ˆ0`"`.– $
$*13¨G`"f-$'*`.$/‰_!13),202:$@+"28E‹}_),`"^:_!$@/<$5¦1)‰$F/(-:'!),up$f:8+"1'*)X/(+.13/(782$ ¦p:+ƒbc^:)(-0/(`.78$$Fbc),$bc2U1/(),_!$/(8+.13132¥28$915€'F_/(2}78$ ',7:yG1UyG13{š&<$?/(7:/(78$4$@“$F·:)(”)(¸a1)‰{a/({a78¹U),º$» &(7G+"&q
HT1^:5@&<1$)(§f jN$&'W7:"rh28˜§/‰13Ht`.1_7:‹&€+"–&@
§f8+"$F&x€E$_}78`.1$}`"+.-©ˆ:`ƒ$+.)Wˆ:f‚_!),)(ˆN_!–g)(–—– H/(7870^:$9+"&<',$7¢­&c_!'*/(/<1378/<2U$F$M),/(2M_\]+"2:^:‡€&xbm$'*&<$F1/(),_‹3+"'F2:2:_f:+"`€/(_!+.‡13)Wf2g$'F1ª%+.-©-©)($F$13),&m^8_!-4+"/(2µ+.1312:5l &?#%13$F2¥`.† 5s/" 28tJ]$H^82:70)W+"E_+"',$F`¦7¤),28&($FHT+./h/ –$ q
1ˆ:/(_+"2:$f45),13b]_!),E_!),fa
%
1 0)7&; 56=>) $ A53 + ) 5
€§7:_78&T$9_xf0f0_!/(+"&(_—7—&<_$F2U/(&/<$H2:+"2:`"`_xˆ©H$@7:)(+ƒ$F',/<7m),+.-0$F)(E1$EGfg+"f85$),13&®b¯)($_/(`78qr$?/(+"bc#«_!$«/(f:_‘_!N/(/<_ )($G_/(b7:_!/T-:)(511Q)tEN+ƒ&<f8$$F'F)^8®º)W+./v{ –c)($º _&(”©13$2:&<$&8_!),_!'W)(7 $
-:'F`.)(13$&(&(+ƒ$282‘‹c/<$-:fX),+"5s'*1$«)¦1/<5$&</(/¦78-0$@^85z),^:-2:13f:&(&t$&1320H`.+"–/(TD7’«_«`"f8f‚$f:`ƒ__!–?/(_ 156&<$F/(A«&bm_!),+"2N$@^85/<$$f}&F +ƒ2‘/<1m1QHi/($F7:E$?$FyG) ‘yNHT{$‰5s1H)€+"`"/<`U),^:_&<+ƒ2:$t+"/(2878‹ $ H7:+ƒ§€`.$]7:5s$T1)&(+"/(´F7:$i$@15:-:/()(7:$f:$t+"f0'*/(_!+"/(13_%2‚&(1$F5O/(&O5z^85s1/()^8)(/<$@),_E!+"2:_`"+ƒ^828$‹]&t'F/(_7:2’$?$*yG¨GyN/<${ 2:fX+ƒ&‰/<-:1@)(^81QEN-x+"f:/<1c$f‚F†H† +./(M74ˆa286§$FH 7:f0+"&6_!/('*_G13^:`"f
'F+"2U_/<^:1m&<$x_cbc-©13$bc+"2U/<1$F)()€–‚&<-:/<),)(^:1ˆS'*/(`.$^8bm),$& 08+"_24&€&</(/<7:$_$’fg“F·:1”56¸7:{a_20{af:¹‘+"ºs28»4‹X`.13-0__!f:)(/(&&€'*11356bc+.-0/‰`./<$F1—/<$?/(78f0$?_!/(yG_—yG&<{¦$F/(&5)(13b S`.$&
5s'F)(_13^:b¯&<e%$2’_/(2M$78_!$D%),`"),)(+._$F$'F)6&(`"/˜-:$9)(1f:15x_!‹/(),/(_!_78ˆ0b $u_&<-:5s$1)()¦1‹&<2‚/<),1N_/(b',7:j?+ƒ&‰-:+"&˜)W'F+"_'*H€&<$i)W$9-0+./</()(/<78$$$9f:2+"^:'*+ƒ/(&(2 +.$%1312l«5T§$€Bbx":7:ˆ©_!$u$/¦f:f:ºƒf8{ _!$/(f}_³`"13 &(_$Ff8/(
¢&‚$f’+ƒ)(&‰$/(78&(28+"$‰$Ff8$$Mf:f8_!$13/(f 2
_«8&</(ˆ©$F78/($*$&q
22 »» +ƒ&(&T^8_X-©$F-S),_!'*),13_bm`"`.$-0`^8'*/<13$F)bc@-0H^8/<7:$F$F) )(N$¥H]/(7878$F$F)(–$@_’'F_-:2 )(1ˆ©‹$¢),_)(b¯$F/<'F)W_+.$F2‚E$ˆ©f $«),ˆN^:– 2 /(137824$ bx-:^0)(1`./(‹+.),-0_`.$]b}-:)(1G§€'*$78& $ q
&<1),&xwz_`.HT_–N&]_c-©1HT$F)15¦B3|W
~
J
4œ P8P ZLU
/</(1@78$—ˆ©D $i&,_),$]bc$Hi_-0fx13`.$^:5s&@)(`ƒfc13_!b )(`"+.$ jS$tbm`"$/<_&F1?f8^:$ &<2’$€13 _?2¢^8&()¦&<+"&<bm/<13$+"`"_`ƒ^8f¥_!/()O+.113/<5‰2’$'W^:/(7:78&(2:+"$‰28+N‹4f:^8_!_4$/(¦§_«-©€_!13)(78+"$t2U$‰/<-0$F-:`ƒ)9),_1'*&<ˆ0$/<fc),`.$^0b¼+"'*2x/(^8+"_&¦)(2c$/(7:_!),_!/(),/¦7:_$—/(–7:3&($5s_)(bcf:13_!b -0/(`"_9$H&97:7:__!+ƒE',)(7 $$
-©&</<$F1)()(5s$1fu),bm+"2M_2:_'*2u$9_!'*),13),2:_&,–}+"f8&<$F/<),)W_!^:ˆ0'*`"/(–^8)($’_&]HT$`"` €§7:+"&_f0_!-:/(_!/(+.132u7:_&]+ƒ2:'*)($_&<$fM/(78$4ws/(+"bc$Q|
% ># 7&/. A5 79; 56=>) $ A5 +.) 5
Nˆ®'*13–¢_bm'W_}7cbmE!`"_ +"_28U`"$i^8_2:$—15:f?1/()137820$‰`.–@f:_!13w /(28_«$t1&</ f:$F_/¦ –xE!b’_-^:+"`"$F&<_!)/ˆ0`"'*`"+"$Q2:13|W2‘$®‚§/(+"_&6+"_2X78`"`.$—_«1HTf:f:_!$_!/<f/<$t$‚¦§ˆ©€_$F2:78/vf¢HT$T$Ff:/($7:_!2 $—/<$‰UE!7:^:__1`"^8&6/(_!$ /(/(78+._!13$T),2c$513bm&<`"`"$F1_!-0H)(_!jG+")W2:& _!!‹€/<5$135f1`ƒ`.)W1bmˆNHT–¢_!$/f_ 1) @§€70_!/«+ƒ& ©/vHT1}-©13&(+./(+.132:&]5s1)@/(78$cf:_– a/hHi1g-13&,+./(+.132:&
5sˆ01^8)/9/(2:78$F$?Ebm$F)x132‘_}/('*7 13Sbm_2:b—f4_G/v˜§HT€1—7:-©$c13&(-:+")(/(1+.13‹2:),_&tb 5s1)€f:$/(78bm$9_–2:$f:_!&@)t§/(70€_!78/?$?_E`"` _`"`"^:+ƒ28$9$&@bm'*_13–42‘'*/(_13+ƒ2U2¥/(_&(+"^82gˆS_—&<$ -U13^:+ƒ$2‘2‘/ / f:`"+"_!2:/<$«$&70O_$*&‰¨G/('*78$F$@-0/?5s135s`"1`.1)9H]/(+"7828$m‹XHT51$F)W$Fbmj$_!2:/ f:&?H7:+"'W7 bm_–ˆ©$m&<jG+.-:-©$fX§€7:+"&«bc$_2:&?/(7:_!/9$_'W7
/(7:+"&‰f:_– F &E_`ƒ^8$ §€78$9f:_!/<$?_20f4E_`ƒ^8$«156/(7:$?+"2:f8$*¨
/(7:+"&‰f:_– F &E_`ƒ^8$ §€78$9f:_!/<$?_20f4E_`ƒ^8$«156/(7:$?+"2:f8$*¨
§€&<$78'*13$M2:f:f}_!-/(_ 13&,&(+.$F/(+./˜132‚bm1_56–³/(78ˆ©$?$g`"-:+"2:)($$«'*+ƒ$&‰f:28$1fš/ˆN_m–š2N_^:2‘bx–šˆ5s$F1)),b 159'*13bmbc$2U/ -:)(1QEN+ƒf8$f³/(7:_!/˜/(78$
5s5s§€1178)c),bm$x13_!5^81/)c)W bm-:)(_!1/‹1),5¦_b}/(78 §$’€f:_!7:/($‚_˜f0&<_!$F/(/(&_ H]&<$F7:/(+"&c',7M-:)(_!1Q)(EN$’+ƒf8-:$)(f 1EGˆU+"f8–¤$f}#«ˆU_!–}/(_‘#«N/<_!)(/($_‘_Nb /<)($70__b E$}+ƒ&/(78_!$‚-:-:5s13),`"1`.-:1QH),+"+"_!28/<‹$
:
2
_
c
b
@
$
1
5
$
U
2
<
/
F
$
(
)
:
,
)
ƒ
+
<
&
$
8
p
1
]
)
(
)
$
*
'
1
3
‹
:
2
.
+
´
ƒ
+
8
2
c
‹
(
/
8
7
9
$
*
'
3
1
c
b
0
_
U
2
–
'*1Gf8$95s1)€$2‘/<$F),-:),+"&<$ §€§€7:7:$9$9'*'F1N^8f8)()($@$2:5s1'*)€– )(1$F5/<)W/(+.78$FEN$@+ƒE28_‹c`ƒ^8/($78& $9f:_!/(_
'F^8)(),$2:'*–
– F &€E!_`"^8$ §€7:$9f:_!/<$?_2:f‚E!_`"^8$@15/(78$9+"20f8$*¨
/(7:+"&‰f0_.
e%24$*¨G_bm-0`.$9f:_!/(_m&($F/€15¦#%_!/(_‘G/<)($_b!
"!
#%$'&)()*+,-
$
.'/
103245)6)0
$'7)8)8"9:;<=)>
?)5)@3A)?
@3B4)C)D
A4@3A)2
@3B4)C)D
A'E@3A)2
@3B4)CE6F,CG)0
A)0)@3A)2
@3B4)CEGF,C5'E
A)6)@3A)2
@3B4)CE5F,CG)2
A)G)@3A)2
@3B4)CE5F,C?'E
A)5)@3A)2
@3B4)CE5F,CA'E
)4)4@3A)2
@3B4)CE6F,CB)0
)4?)@3A)2
@3B4)CE6F,CG)0
)42)@3A)2
@3B4)CE6F,HE6
)4E@3A)2
@3B4)CEGF,HE)E
)40)@3A)2
@3B4)CEGF,C5'E
± ± SLUZsS “F·:”¸a{{a¹‘ºs» ¡vS£ P8
J
5]/(78$gE_`"^:$451)—_¥f:_–³+"& ¦/(7:+"&cbc$_2:&—/(7:_!/m5s1)m/(7:+"&—f:_–¤/(78$4E!_`"^8$}Ht_& 1/
E_+"`ƒ_!ˆ0`.$p:^8)(/(78$F)Wbc1)($%$_',7˜Hi$F$Fj$20f4+"&®&<jG+.-:-©$fU_2:f—/(7:$%f:_!/(_X_!)($«&(+"bm-0`.–’‹3+.E$2
^:2U/(+"`©/(78$9`"_&(/‰‹3+.E$2gf:_!/<$x+"&t)($_',7:$f
% 798 ),/+.14798 567 /'/
; 7&/. A5
§€bm78_!$i/F§`"+.€ˆ:),7:_!+"),&–’5z^:wr2:“F·0'*/(”+.13¸a2«{a{a),$¹U_ºf:»©&|/(1 78$®$F)Wf0&_!/(/(78_‰$i5),-©1313b &(&(13+.ˆ028+ƒ$ `"+.S/v–`.$ /<1]'*13'*2‘132UE$FE),$F/()(&a/6/(f078_!$/(b _/</<1@1%“F“F·:·:””¸a¸{{a{a{a¹‘¹‘ºsºs»9»«5s5s11)<)<q q
b/(m78_!$?/2N_^:2:bxf?ˆ©-0$F)‰^8/(1&a56/(+"7:2:$-0b ^8/‰+"2U_/<2:1f‚_1328^81/</(-07:^:$F)/‰6eE³_`"^:2N^:$&‰bx/<ˆ©1—$F)a'*)(1$58_!1/<-:$ S/(+./(13782:$9&O/v'F–N_-©2?$@ˆ©1$®5¦'Wf:78_!13/(&<_m$2x&<$F/</ 1%:+ƒ$F2:/(f:'!+"'F_!/<$
+./€_f:D§€f070$’&€+"&i7:_c+ƒ_&T`"E_!$’_)(2:‹f8$?1$/('F_78+"bm$Ff8)‰$13f}1^:ˆ02‘2:&</1/(1/€_5O'F/<`.1—/($ +"8bm^:ˆ©&<$@$$?'F/</(_1m7:^:/(+"&(&t78$ $95zG^:'*/(2:13+"bm'*20/(&($9+.+"13f8282 $F$F8)($$ˆSf8f˜^8$/‰f4/(78/</<1—$@1m7NH€/<^8)W)W‹_+./<$@+"$924&(_+./(´F2}78$«$9_1`.yG5/<yG$F/({¦),7:20$«_!f0/(+._!E/($?_’5z&(^:$F2:/('•& q /(ˆ©+.$F13/v2
HT$F+"2:$2˜&(/<$/(78_f$]Œ§+"2:-0€^87:/ +"& f:_!5s/(^0_ 2:G'*_/(+.2:13f˜2_?1 f8$$F`"),_&‚–c/(ˆ©7:$F$u/vHT-©$F13$&(2 &,+./(ˆ07:+"`"$]+"/v`"– _&</</T1¤+"28^0-0&<^:$u/¦f:E$_`"`"_^:–G$&‚_12:5 fm:/(¨G7:$$f
E!_&(`"+.^8´F$$
/<“F1¤·0”ˆ©¸a$g{a-:{a)(¹U$ºf0»4+"'*5s1/<$),fbm_!/F§78$g5z^:2:'*/(+.132 S`"`ƒ&—_2 _!)(),_–H+./(7&(_bc-0`.$& €H7:+"'W7µ_!)($_`"`%+"2
% $ 35A5614798:79;' / /
-:§€“F·0)(781”$mˆS¸a`._{a$f0bm{a_!¹U&€-:º/(»’H]_!+./(`./(13+.7}13_2¢f:/(&O781$X/(5t78+"/($i2U78/<'*$ $F13),bm'*2:1N_-0f8`6`.$ $Fbc/<+"$t2‘$f:bcE13_!1`"/(E)(_]–$&(&?$F&</6_1‚2¢+"2U_/<$*2u1«¨G/<__$f:2:-©_!&(13-:+"+"E/(2U_!$—/</($F+"+.)O2U132uE&</<$)W1&<^:/(5 +.'*‹3/(/(78_!^8/($X)(+.$13'*§2¥1G€f81$’7:5T+"+ƒ&/(&]7:bmf8$—_$`"–?&,+.+.ˆ:),'F)W_!__!ˆ0^0)(`.&<– $$ 5z1_^:5@`"`:2:/(^0'*78/(&<$+.$13& 2¤&<1/(_57:2:/(_78f:&c$_!ˆ©)W-f$F13$+ƒ2¤“F2‘·0/<H€”$F)T¸a)W+.&<{a/</</<{a),$^:¹U2 '*ºi»µ/(^8_),5s20^:$€f³207:'*'*_/($FE+.)(13$%/(2:_/<&—1?+"2³'*ˆ©13_$€^0f:)(`"_!fš$F-:-S/(ˆ©`"_!_$M/('*+"$13^0f2:&<¦e$&mf]7:‰&i_&<Ef81 $$2š&(/('*78),ˆ©$M+"ˆ$F$_$2³f:fc_!_!bm-0ˆ©/(_1Q_!f8E/($$+.13G2:_?&‚M28_!13$F)(&<H $/
`"+"b—+./<$f
% / 148 1'8 798 5=>) $A5 + ) 5
HT1D«),$ 2:f8'*$F7:$«) _HTE/($ 7:$9$i/<7:1M28_$FE1 /h$?Hi$F‹1)’$)(28jx/($F78+"),&a$ _!/</<&,),$__fgbc+ƒ28_c-0$`.f?'*$1&9+"),20)(+ƒ+.2$/('*+"_/(),`.`"_–`.2:–]f8'F13`ƒ13_2?b &(/(&(7:+ 10$ ),$0f8f‚$F),&()_/a2:1f‚ ˆ:5tHT/(/(_$7:+"`"28+"`&9$f:f’+"+ƒ&?&<&</</<28),1G+.1ˆ0'(/xj9^:f8/<-0$13),fm2:+"'*$ /<$ ),+"E!_2 _+"20`")W^8+"_28$2:‹X&6f8_&<13$F2:b / f /(H+./i78+.$tH/(7³1+"`"),`8`ƒf8_!5s$F1/<)$F)()—‹1$F5&(/T_&(/(_bc78bc-0$-0&<`"$$%`.$&F$*& ¨G_/( 7:2¤bm$t-0/(2:7:`.$$F+ƒ&i/v&XHT5sHT^81),_)(/(j?– 78H$FHT)®+ƒ$4`"13`‘2˜/<`.$)(_!+"– 2m)W2x/</(1¢7:E!$]_j`"$F/<^8),$F$_-µ&6+ƒ2:5s/()(+"7:2813$}‹9b 28&</($$F78&,/v&($HT+.13012)(),j¤&</6T5-©),–m$F13),b ),+._1G2:f951f:/<)(131‹bm‹$F$F/<+./(´/(78+ƒ+"2828$F‹‹)
5s1),bc$F),`.–˜`.$_!),28$f}5$_!/(^8),$&F
% ) 8>),/41 KA561 7 8 8 $ ) 79/21 KA5614798
D $%HT_2U/®/(78$%yGyN{g/<1xbc$bm1),+.´F$€/(78$]1 $F),$f—/<),_+ƒ2:+"28‹9&(_bm-0`.$&F 2c1),f8$F)i/<1’'W78$'(j—+"5
/(/<),78_$@+"2028+"$F28/h‹?Hi1&<$F)(/Fj˜+"D &T28+./(17 /t1/(78E$F$)(&</<$%),/<_$+ƒ28&</‰$f &(_8bc_X-S2U`.^:$bx&®HTˆ©$F$«)i_!1)(5$%/<_!$ˆS&</‰`.$]&(/<_1Xbc&<-0$F`.$«$&tH+"78&i$Fj/($F7:-:$F/‰)i_/(78&(+"$«f:$]28$F5s/h)(Hi13b 1)(j˜/(78+"$&
/(_!7:ˆ0_!`.$i/@/<HT1]$m-0)(7:$_f:E+"$—'*/1'*E1$F),)()(/<$),'*_/(+ƒ28`.–$fh—D58/(%7:/($i7828$F$F)(/hH]Hi+"&<1$’)(jxHi)($m$&<'F-©_132¢2:f:&,_&a–-1N/(7:1_!),`./@–«/(/<781%$m/(7828$®$F/h/<Hi$1&(/6),j&<$F/ MHT $TjN28Y\]1QM H 0J J
œ4P8P ZLU
/(§€7878$«$«/<‹),_$+"2820$F+")W28_‹?`"+.´F-S$_!f /</<0$F),/‰2:+"&F&t`"_! 2ˆ©$0`.$‹3f}^8)(ª $%:8_"@2:f˜_24/(78_!$@)(ˆ01Q+"E/<$F),)_!0)(–—/+ƒ'F&T^8`ƒ),_!Eˆ$*$q 0`"$/<f‚/(+"28D’‹c_ 2˜2:_/(`.781$9‹–˜'F_+"&t&<$@&(7811Q56H/(782$
1-:E)($F$)f00+"'*/‰/(_+.132‘2–˜f:_!/(_’-13+ƒ2‘/i13^8/(&(+"f8$%15a/(78$«/<),_+ƒ2:+"28‹?f0_!/(_x),$&(^:`./(&T+"2˜_’70+.‹37:`.–X$F)()(132:$F13^:&
G
O
p +.‹3^8),$@8" Tª%$28$F),_`Twrª9|TE$F),&,^:&‰1E$F)0/</(+"28‹MwrD?|T156f0_!/(_G
§Of:^:1M'*-:$fa),$Ft§E$2‘78/X$9/(178ˆG$‚;<$28'*$F/(/v+.EHT$X1)(+"&€j /<51 )(13Sb 2:f}1E/($F7:)$?05z/<^:/(+"2:28'*‹ /(+.13/(247:$˜H]+.2N/(^:74bx/(ˆ78$’$F)’`.$1_5&</]+"2:+ƒ-028^8-0/(^8&?/(&‰&,78/(1370^:_!`"/ f 0ˆ©/(&]$˜/()(78$*$ q
f:+"28_!-S/(^8_4/(_&6f8$/(N78^:$]_!),/<$$&(`.^:–`./(&TD 1$—5/(7:7:_$]E$c/<),_/<14+ƒ2:ˆ©+"28$X‹’'Ff:_!_!),$F/(_X5s^:bm`H]_–˜+./(ˆ©7$]7:E_$FEG)(+"– 28‹‚‹1U/<1G1Nf1}Gbmˆ0^8_2‘/i–¤/(78wz$@^:2:28+"$Fbm/vHT-11)(),j‚/(_'F2‘_/W2 |
-©$F)(5s1),b¶$*¨N/<),$bc$`.–˜-1N1)€1324/(7:$9/<$&</f:_!/(_G
D $¢^:&<$ _2 _f:_!-0/<$f
E$F),&(+.132 15?/(7:$¢f:_!/(_¤&</<),^:'*/(^8),$u15x/(78$¥“F·:”¸{a{a¹‘ºs» "r e
/<5s&(1)(^:$)4b—_!/</(bm),bc__!$+")(2:2U–?+"/€2:11‹ 55O /(/(78/<78$$$@&<+ƒ/(f8f:+"2:$_!_‹¤/(&_c_1&<205©/<f
),/(^:7:'*),_!^:/(/ ^:2:-0)(2:$_!+ƒ&-©288 $F‹¢&<) $F/(+"$ 78&$¢‹3+.r" E28$$Fp:2—/hHi^:+")(2X1/(),78/(j 7:$F),+"+"&¦bc&4'W12:7:),1_!$/‚-:8 /</(_!$F78-0)$@/4^:p8/<&<11³$)Tf4/(_@78f:bc$ _!/(1&<_X)(/<$1N&</<',f:),j
$F^0/('*-:_/(+"),^8`.+"$'*)(f $$
-:_!)()($%$f0bx+"'*^:/('W+.137—24/<1Nbc1?1GˆSf8+.$‹9` T§/<1?€ˆ©7:$€+"&€-S+ƒ`"&€_'F'*$_f—^:&<+"$2—fg_ ˆUS–‚`.$/(¦e78$x%5s28_1'*/(/]78/($F7:)i_!-:/€)(1/(78ˆ0$’`.$b¬f:_!/(/(_—7:_!&</®$F/(Ht&_/(&®7:$_!20/]'*º13{ ^:2‘/<1 $F©),$$Ff),& 11+"&6)«5/(/(/<78781‚$‰$%-:5z'*_)(1N'*$f8/¦f:$%+"/('*7:5s/%1_!)®&</¦1313/(bc78^8$])t$X“_!f:·:-:_”-0–G¸a`"&+ƒ©'F{a_!1{a/()«¹U+.13º$F»X2E§$7:2 €_&¦78bc2:$11@+")(f:$5s$^: _?20_'*78+"&®/($+./<_131’f2:&O@§^8-S/<€1?`.137:7:_$F_fc)(2:$F/(5f:178`"),$«$i$?f8f:HT$_!`"$’/(__9–x),13$Fˆ©H€28$Fqv)(/h`"1Hi+"28/<$F$’$$2m_/(7:20+ƒ+"f—28&]-01 -0^8©_!/($F)(&)/ /(78$bf:+.),$'*/(`.–‚/<1˜/(7:$x5s$F$fGqr5s1)(HT_!)WfM28$F/hHi1),j /(7:_!/«+"&]ˆ0^:+"`"/€^:&(+"28‹ 5s^02:'*/(+.132:&15 /(78$
“F·0”¸a{a{a¹Uº»
%'$ =>) 56793 ) 9) $ A5 +B5./.
>-C5
>/)
Network description
Creation/Modification date
Control information
Number of inputs
Number of outputs
Number of units
Weight 1
Weight n
Next
Next
Unit 1
Unit 2
Number of layers
Number of links
Number of weights
General purpose space
Pointer to first unit
Pointer to last unit
Pointer to weights
Unit m
p+.‹3^8)($?AN" T§€78$@/<1-g28$F/hHi1),j}f:_!/(_m&</<),^0'*/(^8)($85s)(13b “F·0”¸a{a{a¹Uº»
Next/Previous
BŠ
Next/Previous
Next/Previous
8J ±
œ4P:P¢ZF!OQOQLNZ
§€28$F78/h$«Hi/<11)(-}j41),$56`"/(_!78/<$$9f4285z$F^:/hHi2:'*1/(),+.j˜132:f:&_!^:/(_—&<$9&</<_c),^:-©'*13/(+"^82U),/<$c$F)€wz&(/<$F1—$ /(070‹3+"&‰^8)(f:$9_!/(AN_—"&(|t/<),+ƒ&T^:'*_c/(^82:)($F$@/vHT1312M)(j4+"2878-0$^:_/tf8_$F20)f}e%_`"`"``
E!_!),+"e _!ˆ0-©`.$13&‰+"2U'F_/<$F2g)@ˆ©/<1}$«_/('F78'*$ $&,0&<),$&(fg/95s_)(2:13f¢b¯`"_/(70&</9+"&‰^0&<2:/<),+./«^:'*1/(5i^:/()(7:$$—f813^8ˆ0`"$X`ƒ+"28j$f`"+"&</«15‰^:2:+"/(&«‹3+.E$&
_+"&t'F'*-:$),&(1&]EG+"/<f81—$/(f‚785s$x1)H78N^:13`.+"$9'(j˜2:_$F/v'FHT'*$1&()(&]j}/<&<1m/<),/(^:78'*$9/(^:HT)($$+.Te‹37U/(&F-©13+"2U/<$F)€/<1 _ `"+"28j$f4`ƒ+"&</‰15¦_`"`aHT$+.‹37U/(&
% =>) 8 1 5 +B5./.
>-C53
>/)
1§€'*13‹782:–$@¥§28^:$€'*20/<7:+.$/($f¥&@^:wz/<&<1g2:$F+"$ /($&x_0'W‹3_!7 ^8)($4)(^:$920_!AN)(+./F)WCB3m§_|T28€‹/<17:$‹f¤+"&@$F/(+"`ƒ27:+"&<$F/@_u)&<Hf8-©13+.$/(^8'F7˜+ˆS0/(`.$$ 78&«$@`"+ƒ/(`"2878+ƒ28j$ $jNf^:&t2:f8`ƒ+.+"$F/(&</<&«/F$Fe1)Wbm)’+"+"2828`"-0+"$%28^8/(j/%78$$9f /<$F28),`"$F+"bm&(/h/9Hi+ƒ2:11_5])(`"j˜&«`"+ƒ/<28H1jN7:-©&x+ƒ13',+"`7 &q
H_!)(7:$˜+ƒe',+"7‚28-0-©/(^81378/(+"$92‘&9/<13/<$F^:1M)t/<-0/</(1m78^8$˜/€/(7:+"^:&t$92:/<^:+.),/(2:_&+.20˜e/t&<¯5_$F'*),/(&<)(+.$$E!'*f_!13/(20+.13f 24`"5z+ƒ^:282:j$'*f¢/(+.13`"2‚+"&(/9_2:1f45€`"^:+"2820jG+./(&@&Tf8/<),$F_/<$F2:),&<b—5s$F+")‰285s$^0&92:/('*7:/($+.1324^:2:_+"`"/(`.&@1QH/<1 &
13Htf:2M+ _©–H$F)(7:$+"2U'W/€74/v5s–N^0-©2:$'*&/(+.1135¦24^:/<201‚+./(^:&‰&</<$1˜‰§ˆ€$978$?b—/<+ ¨N),_$2:fM&<+"5s24$F)]/(5z78^:$’2:&('*_/(+"bc132:$’&€28_!$F)(/v$’HT1+"bc)(j-0€§`.$€bm78$$?2‘/<^:$&(f}$F)]+ƒ2}'F__ 2u&,f8+"bm$'F+"+"`"f8_!$)
Unit identification
Layer identification
Control information
Input/Ouptut index
Link
Activation function
Link
Theta weight
Unit value/state
Number of inlinks
Next
Number of outlinks
Next
General purpose space
Pointer to input links
Pointer to output links
Pointer to next unit
To previous unit
To next unit
Pointer to previous unit
Pointers to Act./Der.
p+.‹3^:)($?ANCBi§€7:$9^:2:+./‰f:_!/(_m&(/<),^:'*/(^8)($85s)(13b “·:”¸a{a{¹‘º»
% =>) '148 ) $A53 + 56/.
>-C53
>/)
e+"28‹u`"+ƒ28^:jc2:+.f:/x_!/</(1 _X&<_/<28),1^:/('*78/($F^8)c),$’^:2:wz&<+.$F/’$ +"02 ‹3_M^8),28$%$FAN/hHiCŠ31|i),)(jS$F-:),i$&<_$',2‘7³/(&t^:_’2:+"'*/x13'*2:13282U$/('*_/(+"+.2:13&X2˜+"5s28)(13-0b ^:/?13`"28+"28$%jG-:&)(c1G`"'*+"$2:&(jN& &q
/(/<_1—7:&(&<_!_c1G/%'FHT/<+"_!),$_/<+.$2:‹3f 7U&<5s/$FH)&<+./</(/(),7¥7:^0$x'*/(/(78^:^8$‚2:)($+"'*/€:1313782:^81328/<`"$f0-0'*+"^8/(28+./]‹’13/<2:/(1—&X78$?1'*/(13'*78bm13$F2:)@+ƒ2828^:‹g$20'*/</(+./(1+"13&F2}/(78®&<$‚/<_)('W^:$7M2:28‹+.`"/(+ƒ/(&287a6j˜__2:`ƒf &<1 13'*^813/<2U-0/(^:_/x+"2:`"&«+"2:_mjN&-©X13`"+"+"2U2:/<jN$F)&
± OLgVXLGŸ!—6P8P ZF!OQOQL
J0
Link identification
Link identification
Control information
Control information
Pointer to unit
Pointer to unit
Pointer to weight
Pointer to weight
General purpose space
General purpose space
p6+"‹3^8)($?ANCŠi§78$9`"+"28j f:_!/(_m&</<),^0'*/(^8)($85s)(13b “F·0”¸a{a{a¹Uº»
Pointer to next link
Pointer to next link
% =>) ) 1 = 5 $A5 +B5./.
>-C5
>/)
D $+.‹37U/(&t_!)($%_!),),_28‹$f˜+"2—_’&(+"28‹3`"$€`"+"28j$f `"+"&</ 15HT$+.‹37U/T&(/<),^:'*/(^8)($&%wz&<$F$ 0‹3^8)($%ANŽU|W
§€§€787:$+ƒ&—Hibm$_!+"‹3j7‘$/’&4&<+./</˜),^:-©'*13/(&(^8&(),+.ˆS$ `.$}_`"&</<1u1³78&<13/<1`"f:)($u&x_}/(78-©$ 137:+"2U+"&</</<$F1)?),/<–³11_M59`ƒ/(+"78&</9$1285‰$F/v-:HT),$F1EN)(jµ+.13^05s1&9)4HT&<$/(+.^:‹3f87‘/x–G+"E28_‹ `ƒ^8/($78&F$
$FE13`"^8/(+"132415O/(7:$9Hi$+"‹37‘/(&]f:^8),+"2:‹x/<),_+ƒ2:+"28‹8
Pointer of link structure
Weight identification
Previous weight
Control information
Pointer to history
General purpose space
Weight
Pointer to history
Previous weight
Pointer to next weight
Pointer to history
p6+"‹3^8)($?ANŽ ®§€7:$@Hi$+.‹37U/&</<)W^:'*/(^8)($85s)(13b “·:”¸a{a{a¹Uº»
% =>) 8 1 5 O
>)+B5./.
>-C5
>/)
§€781378`"$uf0&^:02:_+.bc/—13E28_‹˜`"^:1$ /(78wz&<$F$F),$&S0/(‹378^8$X)('F$u^8AN)(),CA3$2‘|—/]7:$F13)(`")(f:1&m)S/(7:H$M7:+"'F'W^87g)(),+"&]$2‘^:/˜&<$_fM'*/(5+.1E)%_!/(ˆ0+"13_2'(jUqr-:§€)(170-S+"&m_!‹3&<_!/</(),+.^013'*2/(]e^8)($
-©7:+"13&(+"/<2U1/<)($F–—)@1/<5¦1g__4'*/(7:+.E!+"&<_!/</(1+.13),–M2:&F+"&«5s13^:2:f78$F)($c/<1N18m§€7:+ƒ&%_`ƒ`.1H&9/(78$c-©13&(&(+.ˆ0+ƒ`"+./v–‚/<1}),$'*1),f¢_
Unit structure
Activation
Activation
Output
Output
Current error
Current error
Pointer to history
Pointer to history
p+.‹3^8),$?ANCAi§€78$9^02:+./tE_`ƒ^8$9_2:f47:+"&(/<1)(– E!_`"^8$&85)(13b…“F·:”¸a{{a¹‘ºs»
J
œ4P:P¢ZF!OQOQLNZ
% 8 ) 34)?8>) 5 7&/()
/(/<e%1«7824$xHi$*$*$¨G¨G+"‹3__7‘bmbc/(-0&-S‘`.`.$@$?-131_+ƒ5`"2‘`/(/<)(78$F$$9),`.&O$F+"E!5sbc)(_13-S2‘b¼`./]$bc-^:132:$+ƒ2U+.2‘/O/(/</<_!$F1«/(),+.&^0132‚2:_!)(+.1/T$x5¦ws&($*_c7:¨81!'*H$FqhBQ-:2q,/‰§?-©€2813$F7:+"2U/h$Hi/<&<$F$?1),),&6_!j‚)(ˆ$+ƒ$F&‰t/hHi‹3-©+.13$FE$+"$2U2c2}/<$F^0+"),22:&‰+./(S5s&)(‹313+ƒ^82xb>)($?f:HT+ AN$C$FIN+.‹3)($7U2U/(2 /&
`HT"_$–+.$F‹3),7‘& /(/<& 19:-©bm13_+"2‘+ƒ2‘/</($F_)W+"&t2X5)(1Q13Eb>$F),78`"+"$28_jGfS&T'| N/<1—-©13^:+"2:2U+./</($F&‰),&_205),f413b¬/(78`"$9+"28/<jG1&6-g/<2:1?$F`"/v+"HT2:jN1&)(j4!-©&<13/<+"),2U^:/<'*$F/(),^8&),5s$—)(13wzbŒ\$F`"/W+"|‰28jGH&6+./(/<71
-©13+"2U/<$F),&t/<1m/(78$ S),&</€_2:f4`"_&(/^:2:+./F
Link: 9
Weight: 2
Link: 10
Link: 3
Weight: 3
Link: 11
Link: 4
Weight: 4
Link: 12
Link: 5
Weight: 5
Link: 13
Link: 6
Weight: 6
Link: 14
Link: 7
Weight: 7
Link: 15
Link: 8
Weight: 8
Link: 16
Net
Weight: 1
Link: 2
Unit: 5
Link: 1
Unit: 1
Link: 19
Weight: 10
Link: 20
Unit: 7
Weight: 9
Link: 18
Unit: 3
Link: 17
Unit: 2
Unit: 6
NETWORK
Unit: 4
p+.‹3^8),$?ANCI ¦¨8_bc-0`.$@15_c!qhBQq,x28$F/vHT1)(j
gH2 +"`ƒ/(`7:ˆ+ƒ&]$ 'Wf87:$_!&(-:'*),/<+.$Fˆ©)«$/(f78$Xh+"/xbcH-0+"`.$`"`bmˆ©$$—2‘/(_g_!/(‹3+.`.1312uˆ0__`i2:fMf8$5s&(^0'*2:),+.'*-0/(/(+.13+.132:2+"2:‹m_&’15 &<-©/(78$'F$X+"_&<`$ N_!^8/</<$$2‘2U/(/(+ƒ_+.13`2 -:),H1+"‹`"),`_ˆ©b $
-0_+"f‚/<1—/(78$?f:+©$F)($2U/‰-0_!),_bc$F/<$F)W&‰15/(78$@-:)(1‹),_b>+"24/(78$9_!-:-©$2:f0+ ¨
%'$ Q 3 ) ) 8 5A51 7 8
p8§€17:)‚+ƒ&—+"bc&</<-0),^0`"$'*bc/(^8$)(2‘$M/(_!+ƒ/(&—+"13ˆ02¤^0+"1`.5%/m/(ˆN7:–š$}/(578$F$¢$f8“Fqr5·:1”)(Ht¸{a_!),{af¹‘ºs28»a$F/vHT§€178)(jš$M_f0_!-©/(_ 13+"2U&(/</<),$F^:)—'*&</(/<^8),)(^0$'*&˜/(^8_!)()($g$+"_&c`.)(^0$&<_$f8f–
f:7:+"_&,f³'F^:/<&(1 &<$ˆ©f9$}+ƒ2?ˆ0',^:70+"`"_!/’-:/<5s1$F))—AN'*132: 29&(/</(),7:^:+ƒ'*&/(',+"2870‹ _!-:&(/<_$Fbc)¦+.-0/`.Ht$&_§&O_€`ƒ&<7:1]+ƒ&cbc28$$F2UH>/(+.135z28^:$2:fx'*/(/(+.7:13_!2µ/6bm_]28_!j$FH$&—5s^0_ 2:f8'*/($+.`"13_2–
ˆ©'*$F$F)(/v/(HT_$F+"2g$2}2U+"^:28bx-Sˆ©^8$F/i)‰E!1_5¦`"^8f:$_&T–G-©&€13_&(78&(+"$ˆ0_`.f$ G_&tHi$`"`_&9wz+ƒ2‚/(78$@`.$_!),2:+"2:‹’&</(_!‹$Q|t-:)($f:+"'*/(+"132 15_
€
§
:
7
m
$
:
(
)
1
‹
,
)
_
b
0
ˆ
:
^
"
+
ƒ
`
:
f
«
&
g
_
"
`
"
+
(
&
@
/
1
t
5
"
`
$
!
_
,
)
:
2
"
+
8
2
}
‹
_
0
2
¥
f
}
_
"
`
ƒ
+
<
&
@
/
1
‰
5
<
/
$
<
&
(
/
"
+
8
2
M
‹
(
&
_
c
b
0
.
`
$
& H7:+ƒ',7
H+"2‚+"`ƒ),`‘_ˆ©20$tf8113b¶$F),1$),fXf8$F/<19)‰/</(1m78$‰j28$F$F$F-M/vHT/(178)($9j28$F§€/hHi78$‰1)(`"+"j‚&(/O5s)(1135b¶`.$_!5s1),2:)(‹+"2:$F/<‹%/(+"&(28_‹mbm5s-01`.),$bc&¦'*$F13)W`.2U– /(_`.$+"2:_!&)W28/($78f‚$€5&($__!bm/(^:-0)(`.$$&&
w+"z2‚_&@/(+"f:bm+"&,$9'F^:&<$&(U&<$^:fu$2:+"2u'*$',®§7:€_!-:7:/<_!$F/])@+"&U8|W+"x§2‚€/(7878$X$91`"+")W&<f8/]$F1)5 +"/<2‚$&<H/(+"7028+"‹4',7‚&(_/(78bm$F-0–‚`.$_!&]-:-©132$_!/()78+"$x2‚1/(/(+ƒ7:bc$F$)97:_2:f_!)($
% =>) 9 ) 8>),/ 3>/7& /
§€+"2478_X$ˆ0-:_!)(1/('W‹7 ),_Sb `"$%1 /<1N$F18),ie&T]_95s2N/<^:$F)bx&<ˆ/($F_!)®)(/(1+"2:5‹m1-:^8/(-4+.13/(2:78&®$@/<1?-:)(/(178‹$)W_^0!b &<$F:) ‘+./‰H]H7:+"+"`ƒ',`07m-©/($F78)($]5s1^:),b¯&($F)®_'F'F_'*2—1),-0f:)(+ƒ281EG‹c+"f8/<1$
/(/(7878$x)(13H^:‹3+"&(7}78$_&€`"`1bm5¦_/(78+"2‚$x5s^:$&(_!$F/()^8‰\)($&1Q1H 5O/(_ 7:5s$9^0-:`"`©)(),1^:‹24),_1b 5¦ /(7:$?-:)(1‹)W_b>H+ƒ`"`©ˆ©$?f8$&('*),+"ˆ$f28‹13+"28‹
/<
1—13_/(78f}$?/(78f8$9$&(`"+"$)(_!$),f42:f8+"28$‹c`"_f:–˜_!_/(2:_—f}+"2‘-:/<)(1 $f:_c+"'*/(/(_!+"ˆ013`.2 $9/(_+ƒ2:bcfg$bm_!j$?_m`"+ƒ&</t15&,_bc-0`.$&‰_'F'*1),f0+"28‹
/(
7:13$?_f˜&(_/(bc78$]$?/<f:$$&(`"/(_+"–‚28‹X_2:f:f4_!/(-:_x),+ƒ$2‘f:/<+"1X'*/(_+.13282˜1/(/(78+"$Fbc)T$/(_!ˆ0`.$«_2:f˜bm_!j$@_x`"+ƒ&</ 15&(_bm-0`.$&®^0&(+"28‹
M$_&(^8),$9/(78$?+"20+./(+"_`S-$F),51),b—_2:'*$@15/(78$9`.$_!),2:+ƒ28‹c_2:f4/<$&</(+"2:‹m&<$F/F
B3d
J
LMžO0ŸSQP0£
5s-©­61$F$F)—)()(5s5s`.11$),),_!bb¶)W2:ˆ0+"ˆ028__‹ ',',j‘ij‘qrqrH-:-0),7:)(11+"`.-0-0$‚_!_!‹328‹3_!$F_!/(E/(+.+.$F1313) 2m2}$*^:^0¨G&,&('*+"+"28$F28$‹]‹xf:_ +ƒ/(2878:‹¢$@¨G$bc/(fX78$$}2U_^024bmb?&_ˆ©N¨8^:$F+"b’)_!)(1^:$5Sb f˜'*–G$F2N)('F^:)(`.$1bx&¦)‰ˆ__&¦$F&‰)c&<&</</<1115@-m-}'*'*–G'*),),'F+"+"/<`./<$$F$F&),),+.T13+.13122 )
M$_&(^8),$9/(78$ S20_`©-$F),51),b—_2:'*$«156/(7:$?`.$_!),2:+ƒ28‹’_20f4/<$&</(+"28‹ &<$F/F
/<®&(1X$FE/F__`ƒ2 ^:_!13/<^8$‰/<-0/(78^8$‰/ /<$`.&<$/(‘+"H2:‹«70+"&(',$F7—/F /(7U 2’^:&i/(7:'*+"13&2‘5z/(^:_2:+ƒ2:'*&®/(+"/(137:2x$%/(_7:'*$€/('F^:__`"`S'F-:^:)(`"_!$/<f0$+"fX'*/(E!+.13_2c`"^813$2&¦_!/()(78$‰$H/<$),&(+./</(/<+"28$2‹
lt13bc-0^8/<$@/(78$?$*¨N$'F^8/(+"1324/(+"bc$@15/(78$9-0)(1‹),_b4
ˆ©`.$$—_!),/<D
20),+"_2878+ƒ28‹c$$2 &<f¤$F/(/78^8$€7:- _-:&€/<)(11/<‹1m/()W78ˆ©_$‚b$9f:bm+"_!&®_/<^:$‚f8&<$/<$81fmHˆ©5s7:1$—+ƒ)®',-:74-0)()('*$$13f0f:2U+"+"'*'*/(/<_/($+.+"13f2:2m&€13ˆ©/(7:2 $F$95128E)($F$‚_H`ƒ^8bmE$__!&‰`ƒjG^8^8+"$28-}& ‹u‘/<1m/(_M7:/($5s7:128$9)($F$f8/v'FHT$_&(&<1+./F)()(¢ej—$f4>&,78f013_!28^:/<$F$`"H f
H2:_78bc$F ),$/˜$9`"– +ƒ/(& 7813$9_2:`"/($g&(_!1 )(/(‹7:-©$F_!13/«/‚&(&,+"'*&€+.ˆ013^02‘`.$428/(_jN/<+ƒ2:1³2:1&—Hbm/(2S_!7:|Wj$M$ +"2g28_2-S/(^87:$/(+"2‘&c&€/('F13+")(_2:$&<`.`.$’––š§_m28f:$FH+ 78©$}$F-:)(/<)($$$2U&<f0//(+"+"'*&(2:_/(‹ +.bc132&(-S_`.bm$9wz+rŽ-0&($78`.¼_$13&m^: `ƒ'*f‚13-:2Uˆ),/($$x_f:+"bm+"2 '*_/(/(+.f81378$ 2 $ /(D
_!)(78‹$$F29/9_€E!_'*13`"^8bc$ -S`.ˆS$F^8/<$/«`.–«5128)9$F_‚H¢/<E!1_/(`"_^8`"$ `"–u7:_28&$FHŒ/<1€-0ˆ©)($¦$-:f:)(+"'*$/(f:+.+"13'*2u/<$/(2f 78$X/(78E!$®_`"28^8$F$c/hHi+"&«1),1j%5T/('*7013_!^8/),H&<$m+"`ƒ^:`‹2:$jN2828$F1Q)WH_!/<2$
/(_782:$’f4-:/()(7:$$9f:&(+ƒ'*_/(bc+.13$92}/(+"+"&%bm_$9&(&(_^:78bm$_$fgf}_/<&‰1˜/(ˆ7:$x$9/<-:),)(_$+"f:28+ƒ$'*fg/(+.13132u2‚/</(1m78$xˆ©&($@_bmbm_$’f8f8$?$7:`ƒ__–4& ˆ©$F/vHT$F$2u/(78$’+ƒ28-0^8/(&
i @ i
u/vHT_12‘–‚15€f:/(+78©$$Fb4)($2U/tD &(/<7:),_!$/<2 $F‹3_M+.$-:&€)('F$_f024+"'*/(ˆ©+.$«132¢^:&<1$5€f‚_u5s1'*)€$F)(&</(/<_1G+"'(2¤j˜'*-:13),bc+"'*$%-S_-:2‘)(–¥$f:+ƒ+ƒ&x'*/(f8+.13$2&,+.)($D f6$9137:28_$˜E$?15€/<),/(+.78$f $
5s13`"`.1H]+"28‹X1-:/(+.132:&'F_24ˆ©$9',7813&<$22
/<G$/<'W1N7:',2:j + N-0^8),$+"'*$-:)($f:+ƒ'*/(+.132 ^:&(+"2:‹ _šyGyG{¦¯§€7:+ƒ& H]+"`"`%ˆ©$'F_`ƒ`.$f
/(78$¥&</(_20f:_!),f
‹3G+"/<E1N$9',j—/(78-:$?),+ƒyG'*yG$]{-:),/($78f:$?+"'*`.$/(+._13f:2 $F),^:&‰&(+"_28&‹x+"2:/(78-0$@^8/(`.$& _Gf8/<1m$F)•-:°Q),5s131N`"f:`.1Q^0Hi'*$%$F)t/(7:/<$$9'W7:E_2:`ƒ+ ^8N$«^8$51)]§€/(7878$«$@+"5f813$`ƒ`._’1HT+"&i$F/<)1
p:'*),^8+.),/<$F/(78)W+"$F_ )4!511-:)6/($*+.13¨G2:_&4bm-0'F_`.$®2/(7:ˆ$T$· -:),S1EGº +"f8Q$Hf 70+"ˆU',–7’+"/<2:),'F_`"+"^020f8+"28$‹ &af:/(+.78),$$ '*/(28+.13$F/v2?HT+"12U)(/<j
1/(137:2 $i$Ff:)(+ ),©1$F)6)($'*2U),+"/˜/<$F$F),),+.13)(12)
§€78$D &($@$@17:-:_/(E+.13$%2:)W&‰^:H]2m+"/(`"`78$]ˆ©$«-:)(f01+"‹&('F),^:_b¶&(&($^:f4&,+"+"282‚‹9/(78/(78$@$«5s13&</<`"`.1G1'(H]jG+"f:28_!‹c/(_’&<$1'*5/(+.e%132:78&13`"f§€78$F)($F5s1)($ N/(78$%/<$&</
)(-0$_&(2U^0–`./(&m 2˜_2:/(f7:+ƒ&T^:'W&<$7:fš_!-:-S/<$F_!)‰),_13bc2:`"$F–—/<$F_’),&˜5$F_!H )($g/<$13&<20/t`.)(–¤$&,)(^:$F`.-:/()(&t$_!&<$)($«2U/(‹3_!+./(E+.$E2˜$M/<51m1)˜+"`"`"/(^07:&<+"/<&c),_!-S/<_!$)(/(/(+"7:'F$%^:`"f:_!+ ) $F'*)(13$bX2U/q
/<$',702:+ N^8$&F0D $?H]+"`"`$`"_!ˆ©1),_!/<$@132}/(7:$@)($&(^:`./(&‰+ƒ24',7:_!-:/<$F)«oN
%'$ 53 8 $ /($ 5.),- = 8 1 =
>)
§E!€_78`"^8$%$&<&¦/(_5s)(2:13f:b¬_!)W13f—2:/<$$'W'*7:132:bc+ -0N^8_2U$–c1 ©H$F7:),+"&t'W7c_’_!2U)(^:$]bx&,ˆ©+./($F^:)®_!1/<$5fm+ƒ28H]-0+.^8/(/(7:&®+"2X/<1x_9/('*78$F$«)(/(yG_yG+ƒ2m{¦¦§/(+"€bc78$*$qr&<H]$%+"2:+"28f8-01Q^8H9/(6p&i:_!1)($)
$*f8¨8$_`"_bc–˜-0+ƒ`.2}$f:HT_–G$m&‰'Fˆ©_$F2 /vHT/(_!$Fj$$g2}13F†‚2:$?E!__`"2:^8f4$&«/(781$@5T5s/(1378`"$c`.1Q'*H13+"bc28‹X-0_E!2U_–`"^8F &?$®§7:+"&<78/<1$)(&<–$@E!$__`"'W^87¢$&€H_!+")(/($@7M-0/()(7:1N$m'*$&(&,_&<bc$f $
/(_78`.‹)(113),^:+"‹3/(7:7Mb4/(7:$X 22:$F/(/v78HT$c1)(/<jg),_/<+ƒ2:1‚+"28-:‹˜)(1G-0f:7:^:_'*&<$X$O_˜_‚'*$F/()(_!/()(_‹+"$F2/91313^8^8/</<-0-0^:^:/ /%©H]^0&(+"`"+"`O28‹ ˆ$X/(78-:$X),1ˆ0EG_+"'(f8jU$qrf-:)(1T-0__!&(‹3$_!f /(+"131322
/(/(7878$c$˜f:28+$F©/vHT$F)(1$)(2:j¢'*$XHˆ©+ƒ`"$F`/vˆ©HT$—$F$_2f:_!/(78-:$m/<$'*f13bc -S2¢^8/(/<70$f+"&9_Ht2:_f– /(78_M$Xf:$*+"¨N_!-©‹),$_'*/<b $f'F_132¥^8/<ˆ©-S$m^8/ -0)(/(1N78f0$X^:Hi'*$$f +"‹3H7‘/(7:&@+ƒ',17 5
)($&<$bxˆ0`.$&€/(78$9_'*/(^:_`&(/<1N',jSTe]24$*¨8_bc-0`"$9f:+"_!‹),_b +ƒ&‰&(781H]2}+"2 0‹3^8),$xdU"!
1
B~
›
QQP8QLUŸLNZc¡vS ž6LUsQsS
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
13p 24+.‹3/(^878)($$idU%"“ 46§€_2:78f4$¦)(/($78&,$?^:`._/('*&/(13^029_`af0_!&</</(1G_€'(28j1/&<$F$2?ˆ©$F51)($¦15G/(78$i&</(_2:f:_!),f9/<$',7:2:+ U^8$¦/<)W_+"28$f
55
01/01/96
100
150
200
01/01/97
*-,.*-,
50
>Q19 J ?13AI>@0 >QABAI8.A
€§&<$F78$$g2¢)(+ƒ2$&(^:/(78`./($m&m28/($*7:¨G_!/@/—/(HT_!ˆ0$g`.$1m§ˆ:/(€_78+ƒ28$$fµ0)W_!&</95s/<$F'*13) `"^:/<)Wbm_+"22:+"+"2820‹ f:+"/('F7:_!$M/<$&«28$F/(/h78Hi$—12:)(j³$F/vHT132µ1)(/(ju782N$ ^:«bx“ ˆ©$F)'Fc§_2µ€7:ˆ©+"$&
-©12Nˆ:^:$F),/(b?'*_$ˆ©+"2:2U$F$/()€_!f +"‹&tˆN$@–—_!1)(&(56ˆS+ƒ+.'*bx/<1),^:)(_!),`ƒ)(_!$–/('*+"/‰28§€-:‹?7:)(13$$«2:f:2:$]+"'*$*–/<¨N$$/f‚_!'*)f:13F &€+"`ƒ)(^:-:$bm)('*$/(2:+.f:13&T+"2:'*‹3/(&i+.+"E135$@12:)‰&F/(§78$_$ €'W«787}$«“ 282&<$F/<:/h1NHi28',11j—),)(bmE!j_®§_`"^8€`"+"$´F7:&T$$f 1&<$«5«HT)(“ $$F2&($F^:GjG`._f:/(20&i_f4–GHT&‰/($F78)(+"2 $$
/(_‚78/<$x),_-+"$F20)W+"+.281N‹‚f}&<1$F5®/«†815i°3†8†4°!&(~_IQbmqv†8-0`.°$†8&F’e°~3dM5s/<$F_!)9)($?-:)(‹31G+"Ef:$^:2M'F+ƒ/<281˜‹ /(_782$’1328^8$F/</vHT-S^81/«)(jgE__`"&«^:$+"28-S/(^878/($c&FHD+"2:f:$c1^:HŒ&<$+"f &
bc1QE$f}1328$?f0_–4_2:f4/(78$92:$F/vHT1)(j4+"&‰)($F/<),_+ƒ28$f‚1324/(78$?^:-©f0_!/<$f‚/<),_+"2:+"2:‹X&($F/F
28†8$F /hHi1)(j BG%!“CoB 281),bm†G_`ƒ†8+.´F$f ~ %“ '*1),)($‘'*IN/]†8f:+")($'*/(+.132
†3†3BŠ
BBGBN!"™dN †G†G †8†8B!†o
‘‘ANANCCBBAA
†!†3A
BBGAN!CCB!A†~ †G†G †8†8Š3dd
‘‘ININC™Šd~d
†3†‘Id
BBGAN!"CI!F†† †G†G †8†8ŠId
U‘ANdU"CBAA
†3†3o~
B!†G~NŽC‘ŠAI †G†G †8†8F†3A
‘‘INAN™CIdŠd
‘‘oNINCCBB~o
_FE† $F)W_!‹$ BB8BNC†8Š!† †G†G †8†8Š!BG†
*-,.*R)
AI>@0"7T4I7 8:9 8.< 519 :
> 7 9;07 AB> T4I7 8:9
§€&<$F78$$X2¢)(+ƒ$2&,^:/(78`./($m&«28/(7:$*¨G_!/@/@/(HT_!$mˆ0`.1$ˆ:m§/(_€+"782:$$f 0)W_!&<5/9/<$F'*)913/<`"^:)W_bm+"2:2+"28+"‹‚20f:/(+"78'F$m_!/<2:$&«$F/v/(HT781$—)(jM2:$F13/v2¢HT1/()(78ju$m2N· ^:bx0ˆ©º š$F)'Fc§_2¢€7:ˆ©+"$&
[ PS6P:µLN O6 L
›a
/(HT2N78^:$F$Xb?)($9-©ˆ©1$F$F),ˆ:)—'*/($_+ƒ&—2U+"2:/(_!_!$)(‹f4ˆ0$c+"ˆU/<1–4),5i_!&()('*+ƒ–1bx
§)()(^:$€`ƒ'*_!78/@/(+"$g28-0‹X)(28$$*13f:¨G28+"/'*$9/<'*$–13fu$`ƒ_!^:f:) bm+.F )(&]2:$-:'*&c/()(+"$‹313f0+"2:E+"&%'*$g/(5+./(11378)«2:$ &F$_%',§“ 7¥78$928‰$F28&</v/<1HT1G),'(1bmj4)(j_E!`"x§+"_´F`"€$^8f 78$&‰$%&(1$x“5¦)(e%$‰&,78^:_132:`.`"/(ff &
1+"285€-SHT^8$F/($F&FjNCDf0_–G$%&m^:&(+"2 $f—/(78_x$ /<),-©_$F+"2:),+"+"1N2:f ‹9&<1$F5/i†815°3†8†’°!&(~_IQbcqv†8-S`.$°&F†8¦e°~35sd /<$F)t_!)(-:$‚)(1G‹3f:+.E^:$'F2 +"2:/<‹«1_2/(7813$4^828/<-0$F/h^:Hi/®1E!)(_j `"^8_$& /(/<),78_$M+"20H+"28+"2:‹cf8&<1Q$FH>/F +"& bc1E$f 1328$uf:_–š_2:fµ/(78$M2:$F/vHT1)(jµ+"&—)($F/<),_+"28$fµ132š/(78$u^8-f:_!/<$f
28†8$F /hHi1)(j %IN“CoI 281),bm†G_`ƒ†+.†3´F$~f B %“ '*1),)($I'*8/]CBf:I +")($'*/(+.132
†3†3BŠ
B!†G~NCCBŠBA †G†G †8†8F†3F†A
II8oNC†3BII
†!†3A
BB!†GŠNC™Ad!AŠ †G†G †8†8BoŠ
IIoNANŽ™d!o
†3†‘Id
BBANŠN™™d!d†I †G†G †8†8*3B†~
II3ANdUŽC3Š!††
†3†3o~
B3BGdU!CCŠ!I†B †G†G †8†8*‘od
IIINANC†3AB
_FE† $F)W_!‹$ BB8BNCCŠŠIA †G†G †8†8ŠBGB
I!I†GANCCoA~
€§+"2 780$«‹3E!^8_),`"$4^8$dU&‰CBN1ˆ0/(_2 +"28/($70f‚+"&XˆN– _!-:/<-:),_)(+ƒ132:_+"'W287³‹’/(/(7878$4$?28f:$F+.)(/h$Hi'*1/(),+"13j 2 H1+"5]/(7‚/(78/(78$4$9&</<· 1G'(0j³º ¢+"&X$F'*)(13),12:)€&(+"'Ff:_$F24)($ˆ©f¤$9bc&<$F1$)(2 $
+j"bc$F$F-©-g1)(/(/(7:_$92U-:/®)(/($70f:_+ƒ2—'*/(/(+.13782‚$%-:'F`.)(13$&<'F$9+ƒ&</<$1mE!/(_7:`"^8$?$_'*D /(^:$@_`a'*13&</<b?1GˆS'(j+"28$f /(78$]/hHi1c_!-:-0)(13_',78$&t+"2—1),f8$F)T/<1
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
13p 24+.‹3/(^878)($x$idU· CBS6º §€¢78$F$¦)()()($1&,)]^:_`./(2:&f‚1329/(78f0$?_!_/(_€'*/(28^:1_/`O&<&<$F/<$1G2?'(jˆ©$F51)($¦15G/(78$i&</(_2:f:_!),f9/<$',7:2:+ U^8$¦/<)W_+"28$f
60
01/01/96
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
›SJ
QQP8QLUŸLNZc¡vS ž6LUsQsS
*-,.* U8:9EC ?J7 8:9
€§&(`"+"78‹3$x7‘/(&<`./(–x_2:ˆ©f:$F_!/</<),$Ff})®/<)($$',&(7:^02:`./(+ &U^8+.5S$xHi^:$%&(+"'*2813‹c2:&(/(+"7:f8$ $F)¦«/(“ 7:}$ _%&]“ $F)(¦§)(1€)%78bc$€$&</(__&(20^8f:)($?_!),5fc1)]/<$/<'W),7:_+"2:2:++"N2:^8‹ $€8^:-:&()(+ƒ1G28f:‹@^:/('*78$$&
/(·+"&%78$XbcS-©º1u$F)($c),$F'*)(+"$)(bc2U1/(-©)‰_!1bc‹)($m/($__12U&(5i/%^:'*)(/(1$]7:)(_5s),1$2u)t'*/9/(/<78),-:_$x)(+"$2:$*f:¨8+ƒ28+ƒ_'*‹?'*/</@$78fuE!1QHi_f0`"$F+.^8)(E$’$$F'*)1/(05®+.13-/(2$F78X),$X51G&<),/<+"b—2:1G'*'(&®$’j.b’a/(78/<^:),$c',_7˜+"f:2:ˆ©+.+ƒ)(28$F$/<‹m'*/</($F13+"13)‰22M+.5/(178Hi5T$X$@/(· 78'*13$c2:0&<&,º /<+"³1Gf8'($F+"j )&
/(78$9ˆ©$&</€'W7813+"'*$
% )$ ),/A;7 O47 ),/ 5.),- = 8 1 =
>)
-0§€_2:_782:fu$«+"$/(`.$&¦78_$Fbmf8–u$F_)*7:–c°Q_+"5E213$X`"`"1^85s13HT$^:2:$F2:'*)T$tfu/<$/(_˜78'W7:$2N2:^:&<+ /<bxN1G^8ˆ©'($«jX$F)%+"1&i5©1ˆ05i1_/(f8&<78$F$$F-©f˜),$&132:º2‚f8{ $/(2:78'F$«f:+.$+"+"f8&fX%§$_x&<€13/(bc7:7:$’$_!/t&<)(/<$/(1G&<78$'($@j_!),&<^:'W/<1N7m&<$',13j—f2m1+"/(2M570&(/(+"13&¦7:bc+"&(&%^8$@ˆGf8'*;<1G13$'FbX'*^G/ qq bc+"2¤$bm2U/T_+ƒ2U& – /(78f:$%+ &<$F/<1N)($',2Ujm/c1_!5)(e%$_78&F13`"f®e_%'W787š13`"`.$f—_70f8_$F&®)mˆ©'F$F_$^:2m&($5s&m13^:_2:2¤f—$ /<1x$ˆ©'*/ $%+"_92 5s13/(`"78`.$41HT&<$F/<)T1N',1j 5OŠ!1†x5«`"e%$_78f813$F`"f),&
/(
a§€78$F78$/$c2cF &«2N/(_7:^:&($€bx&,^:&<ˆ/<bc$F1N)«$’',jc1/(5t7:15_!f:/%e%_–G&(78&«1313bcˆ©`"fX$F$’/vH]HT`"$+"$F_`"`N$f8)(2¢$F$)%&</(-©787013$c_2:&]&<fX–G_bcH2+"-:+"/(2:/<7c13'*),b_$2m_+ƒ&<+"2M2:$Q°'*/()(f87:$$$m_'*&()(&<$Q$/<°_1Nf8&<',$c$j'*+")(12M$5®_+./(&</(78$&%$m&(&<13/<`.1N$bc_',$jMf:$Ff:&<)9_13–Nbm_&i2:$’f`"_!f:/</(_$F78–)$ +"bc-S§€_'*7:/‰$?13/(24_!)(/(‹78$F$?/«&<E!/<_1G`"'(^8j‚$?115¦5ie%e]78781313`"`ƒf4fM+"+"&t&]/(',_!78j13$&(2u$2M_&‰5s)(/(1378b $?f:/($78`"$X_–˜e]578113)]`ƒfg/(7:&<_!/</1G'(`.$ju_f:7:$F+"&<)/<1)(– ©_2:fM/(78$
+"yG28yG-S{M^8/(+"&®&9/<_!),)(_$˜+"28/($_!f j$/<2 1’)(5$)(13_b'*/t/</(1X78$‚+ƒ2:&<'*/<)(1G$'(_jG&<&x$&T1_52:/(f˜78$ f8$`.$'*_)($f:_$F&<),$&x&t_+"2'F'*/(178)Wf:$«+"&<28/<‹31N`.',–jN&T12 5a/(/(7:7:$%+"&?`.$HT__f:– $F ),&®/(781$ 5
/(137824$@/(5z78^:$x2:&<f4/<1N+./€',jN+ƒ&t&/<1),5_/(+"2878$$9f4`.$13_2af8$F),§€&78$@),+"&($«_20f45s_`ƒ`©15O/(78$?5s^:20f H]+"`"`ˆ©$@-:)($f:+"'*/<$2f NˆS_&<$f
1
*R)K*-,
>Q19 J ?13AI>@0 >QABAI8.A
€§&<$F78$$g2¢)(+ƒ2$&(^:/(78`./($m&m28/($*7:¨G_!/@/—/(HT_!ˆ0$g`.$1m§ˆ:/(€_78+ƒ28$$fµ0)W_!&</95s/<$F'*13) `"^:/<)Wbm_+"22:+"+"2820‹ f:+"/('F7:_!$M/<$&«28$F/(/h78Hi$—12:)(j³$F/vHT132µ1)(/(ju782N$ ^:«bx“ ˆ©$F)'Fc§_2µ€7:ˆ©+"$&
/(HT2N78^:$F$Xb?)($9-©ˆ©1$F$F),ˆ:)—'*/($_+ƒ&—2U+"2:/(_!_!$)(‹f4ˆ0$c+"ˆU/<1–4),5i_!&()('*+ƒ–1bx
§)()(^:$€`ƒ'*_!78/@/(+"$g28-0‹X)(28$$*13f:¨G28+"/'*$9/<'*$–13fu$`ƒ_!^:f:)bm+.F )(&]2:$-:'*&c/()(+"$‹313f0+"2:E+"'*&%$g/(5+./(11378)«2:$ &F$_%',§“ 7¥78$928‰$F28&</v/<1HT1G),'(1bmj4)(j_E!`"x§+"_´F`"€$^8f 78$&‰$%&(1$x“5¦)(e%$‰&,78^:_132:`.`"/(ff &
1+"285€-SHT^8$F/($F&FjNCDf0_–G$%&m^:&(+"2 $f—/(78_x$ /<),-©_$F+"2:),+"+"1N2:f ‹9&<1$F5/i†815°3†8†’°!&(~_IQbcqv†8-S`.$°&F†8¦e°~35sd /<$F)t_!)(-:$‚)(1G‹3f:+.E^:$'F2 +"2:/<‹«1_2/(7813$4^828/<-0$F/h^:Hi/®1E!)(_j `"^8_$ & /(/<),78_$M+"20H+"28+"2:‹cf8&<1Q$FH>/F +"& bc1E$f 1328$uf:_–š_2:fµ/(78$M2:$F/vHT1)(jµ+"&—)($F/<),_+"28$fµ132š/(78$u^8-f:_!/<$f
[ J LNP:6LU N¡hSRzRsUVXLN—LN O6 L
›0›
28†8$F /hHi1)(j B%BN“ †3~ 281),bm†G_`ƒ†8+.´F$B!f† %“ '*1),)($I'*~N/]ŽUf:d +")($'*/(+.132
†3†3BŠ
B!B†GINC"o3*d †G†G †8†8*‘ŠB
IIININŽ:†3Š
†!†3A
BBŠNŠNC™od!AŠ †G†G †8†8Š!B†~
II8~NC†3oo~
†3†‘Id
BGB8!ŽC‘B3Ad †G†G †8†8ŠIŠ
I3IoNdUC™Ad†I
†3†3o~
BBGIN!CCAGA3d †G†G †8†8*d
IIIN~NŽ:†3o
II3~NdUŽ™UdNd
_FE† $F)W_!‹$ BBINŠNC†3IIA †G†G †8†8*‘B~B
§€§€7878$@$F),13$F^:51/<)(-0$«^8/(/(78&t$9152:$F/(/v78HT$9128)($Fj˜/hHi+ƒ&t1/<)(),j4_+"&(287:$13f‚^:`"13f˜2‚ˆ©/($978$ _&€«'F“ `.a13&<e$9%_24&$*-¨813_&,bc&(+.ˆ0-0`.`.$]$@/<f:1m+ƒ_!/(‹78),$9_b¯/(_!),+"‹&t$F&(/€78E1Q_H`ƒ24^8$+"&F2
0‹3^8),$xdUCŠN
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
01/01/96
/<p ),+._‹3+"^82:)($$«f‚dU13CŠ2}/(§78$78$€«)(“ $4&(^0$F`.),/()(&¦113)2—_f02:_!f‚/(_?/(7828$x1_/®'*&(/($F^:$_2—`ˆ©&</<$F1G5s1'(j)($‰15/(78$`.$_f:$F)•°Q513`ƒ`.1HT$F)®/<$'W7:2:+N^8$
*R)K*R)
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
AI>@0"7T4I7 8:9 8.< 519 :
> 7 9;07 AB> T4I7 8:9
€§&<$F78$$X2¢)(+ƒ$2&,^:/(78`./($m&«28/(7:$*¨G_!/@/@/(HT_!$mˆ0`.1$ˆ:m§/(_€+"782:$$f 0)W_!&<5/9/<$F'*)913/<`"^:)W_bm+"2:2+"28+"‹‚20f:/(+"78'F$m_!/<2:$&«$F/v/(HT781$—)(jM2:$F13/v2¢HT1/()(78ju$m2N· ^:bx0ˆ©º š$F)'Fc§_2¢€7:ˆ©+"$&
2/(N78^:$Xb?-©ˆ©$F$F),)—'*$+ƒ&—2U/(_!_!)(‹ˆ0$c+"/<1),5i_!)('*–1
§)()($€'*78/@$g-0)(28$$*f:¨G+"/'*/<'*$13fu`ƒ^:f:bm+.)(2:$'*&c/(+"‹313+"2:E&%$g5/(178)«$ $_%',“ 7¥28‰$F28/v1HT),1bm)(j_`"x§+"´F€$f 78$%&($x“ )($‰&,^:_2:`./(f &
HT15€$F)(HT$9$F1$FjNˆ:f0/(__+"–G2:&m$f4+"2 ˆU–4/(78&($ +ƒbx-©^:$F),`ƒ_!+"1N/(f+"28‹X151328†8$9°–†8$_!°!)~F &]IQqv-:†8)($°f0†8+"'*°/(+.~313d 2:&F_!)($‚§78‹3$9+.E&<$/<2 1G'(/<j41E!/(_78`"$4^8$28&‰$F1/hHi5¦1e%)(78j 13_`"f &
+"28-S^8/(&FCD $%^:&($f—_x/<),_+"2:+"2:‹9&<$F/i153†’&(_bc-S`.$&F¦e5s/<$F)t-:)(1Gf:^:'F+"2:‹«_2 13^8/<-0^:/®E!_`"^8$ :› ±
QQP8QLUŸLNZc¡vS ž6LUsQsS
/(/<),78_$M+"20H+"28+"2:‹cf8&<1Q$FH>/F +"& bc1E$f 1328$uf:_–š_2:fµ/(78$M2:$F/vHT1)(jµ+"&—)($F/<),_+"28$fµ132š/(78$u^8-f:_!/<$f
28†8$F /hHi1)(j ŠG%!“ †3B 281),bm†G_`ƒ†8+.´F$If ~ %“ '*1),)($I'*IN/]Ž:f:+")($'*/(+.132
†3†3BŠ
ŠŠGŠN!CCŠIIB †G†G †8†8oGd!B
II3INdUŽC:AI
†!†3A
ŠŠINoNŽŽU‘Ad †G†G †8†3B!†3~o~
Id!ANŠNCCIBAo
†3†‘Id
ŠŠININCCŠIB †G†G †8†8~3~~d
d†GdUC"BŠo
3
I
†3†3o~
ŠŠGIN!C™~d!Š~ †G†G †3†8B!†8d!Š
dI†GINC†3~~Š
_FE† $F)W_!‹$ ŠŠ88C™odQB †G†G †8†8oo~~
dI!ŠNoNC™IdQI
/(/(e%7878&%$«$t'F_f:_'*+.2)(/($^:ˆ©'*_/($’`8+"13f:&<2m+"$F_!$1‹2 5)W_/(+"2b78$«0_!_‹3/¦'*^8&</()($F^:$cE_$FdU`S)WŽE_ _`Ua`"-S^:/<),`"$__&F'*+"2:$&+ƒ2—283‹m+"/(2’7813&<$%2u/<$5/(1_78),f’bm$c1$F· 50)T5s13f:0`"+ƒ`.º _!1Q¤‹H),$F+"_)(28b!)(‹%1‘)%+./F/(-0O\7:^:]$]&(1-:7:H³),$$&f:/(78/(+"'*78$t/($X-:+.13E!),2m$_f:`"'F^8+"^:'*$/</(&%/<+.13$+"f22
5s13`"`.1H]&t/(78$?_'*/(^:_`Of:+"_!‹),_b +ƒ2‚/(78$9&(_bc$9Ht_–4_&]+"2‚/(78$?&</(_20f:_!),f‚/<$',702:+ N^8$
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
/<p ),+._‹3+"^82:)($$«f‚dU13Ž2}/(§78$978$€· )($S&(^0º ¥`./(&¦$F)(13)(2—1)f0__!2:/(_?f}28/(178/®$9&(_$F'*$/(2—^:_ˆ©`$F5s&(1/<)(1N$‰',jS15/(78$`.$_f:$F)•°Q513`ƒ`.1HT$F)®/<$'W7:2:+N^8$
60
01/01/96
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
1
*R)K* U8:9EC ?J7 8:9
€§f:^:78'*$]$&`.$ˆ©_f8$F/<$F/<)•$F°Q)¦5s13)(`"$`.&,1Q^:Hi`./($F&)T+./<5:$HT',7:$€20'*+13U2:^:&($+"f:^:$F&()6+"2:/(‹97:$ /(78«$ “ «a6§“ —€_7:&®$t$F`"$)(),_1f8)T$F)•bc°Q5s$13_`"&,`.^81HT)($$F)¦5s1/<)®$',/<70)W_2:+"+2:N+"^828$T‹ ‘^0-:&(+")(281!‹ q
/(&(78+"f:$T$F·)‰/(78S$@º —-©$F$F)(),),'*1$)62‘/(bc_!$‹_$?&,1^856)($®'*15s1)()),$/<'*)W/€_+"-:2:)(+"$28f:‹€+ƒ'*7:/<1$HTf4$Ff:E$F+.)()$3'*-©/(+.$F13)(2a5s1e),]bm-:&a-0&(`ƒ_!+.),‹3$7‘2‘/(/(`"`.–]–˜ˆ©/<$F),/<_/<+"$F20)+"28+.5G‹’Hi13$T24'*13/(782G$ q
[ › %0 OP:Z
›S
·'*1)(S)($º '*/?$F-:)()()(1$)9f:+"wz'*+"/<2˜$f'*13f:bx+")(ˆ0$+"'*2:/(_!+.13/(+.2:13&%2˜HH78+"/($7—2/(HT78$m$ ^:«&<“ $XS/(| 78f8$m1N`"$$&‰_28f81$F/T)•°Q+ƒ5s2:13'*`")(`.1$HT_&<$F$%)9/(/<78$$«'W7:-©2:$F+),N'*^8$$2‘m/(_!G‹+"$@2:'*1$ 5
/(/<),78_$?+"20f0+"+.28)($‹X'*13/(+.241324/(781$?5· /(78$xSº &<¥/<1N+"',&‰j4/(78+"&€$@bcˆ©1$)(&</€$x'W+"bc7813-©+"'*1$)(/(_2U/‰/(7:_2}/(78$?$*¨G_'*/]E_`"^:$915/(78$?&</<1G'(.j % //7&/ /+
/]+"&‰-©13&(&,+.ˆ0`.$«/<1 '*13bm-0^8/<$x_ '*132 Sf8$20'*$?+"2U/<$F)(E_`51)]$_',7u-:)($f0+"'*/(+.132T§€78$?+"f:$_m+"&
/<_1g2:f4/<)W/(_7:+"2¢$2}_g'*132Nbc^:bx-0^8ˆ©/<$F$?)9/(1785‰$928'*$F13/v2HTS1f8)(jG$20& '*$9/(_!+"j2‘$ /<$F/(),78E$_` _E$F),_!‹$‚-:)($f0+"'*/(+.13215‰/(78$&<$ 28$F/vHT1)(jG&
fS8$F2:),+"`"/<§€–N$’+"7:2:2N$c‹9^:-0bxbm^8ˆ_!)($F/(-©)«7813$&<1bm$’5t_!1f:/(5t_!+"/('F/(_‚_78`$m-©5z13^:yG+"2:yN2U'*{/(/(&]&@+.13-©/(2 7:13_!&(ˆ©&,/@$F+./vˆ0HTHT`.$—–4$F$^:'*2‚1&<$c)(+"),285s^:-01-:^8)9/</ $)(f$F_‹20ˆU)(f—$–u&,13&(28^8+.1313/<2¢-S+"&<^8$+"/iD&«E!/<_!1g),$m+"$_!&<7:ˆS/(_+"`.bmE$&$ _!ˆ0/<_˜$m_&(f0/($_!7:f—/($—_413^:2‚&<2G$F_ /q
15 «-0_+.)W& H]7:+"',7g_!)($9_&(&(^:bm$f4/<1mˆ©$@‹$28$F),_!/<$fM_'F'*1),f:+"28‹—/<1
Fw | ¦w | :w |
§€&(^:78'W$X7}H13_m7:^8$F),/<)($F-S$ ‹^8)(:/ $w &(G &(|tw +.13 f82}'| $a2:/(‹3_1+.&</<Ej4$$&2¥'F28__4132}+"28&(ˆ©$@$F$9H¬H+"2U+.+"/(28/<7‚$F-0)(^:´F-:$F/])()($FE1—/<$$bm'*fM/<$1__) &2 _a241$5t&</(_4+ƒbm28$F_!/v/<HT$?11)(5ju/(78/(7:$9_!),/?$F‹+"&%)($/<&(),&(_+.13+ƒ282 $f¦w13 2 |
w5sz1+ Ž)®$/13^8(78) $%-0)(bc$$f:_+"'*2c/(+.11352m/(78-:$€)(1/(ˆ0_!`.),$‹bŒ$F/i+ƒ&¦f:+"/(&(78/<$]),+.ˆ0_'F^8'F/(^:+"13),2?_'*‹3–c+.E1$5©2 /(78+"28$€-0$^:&</ /(+" b— |W_!0D/<$1705©_!/(/ 78Hi$$]/<)WHT^8_$€2U)(/ $F‹/<1x)($jN&,28&(+.1Q13H 2
wz+ Ž$ D
/(7:78$@$2 )($F/<‹),)(_$+"&(2:&(+"+"2:13‹g24_MH+.yG/(yG78{š13^:13/€2 2813_M+"&<-0$Q_!|W)(/(+"'F^:`ƒ_!)x&(_bc-S`.$ O/(7:$ HT$+.‹37U/(&’_!),$˜_f;(^:&</<$f +"2
1'*$F),)(f8/($F_)X+"2¢/<1 $F)(bm)(1+")920+"/(bm78+.),´F$$c&(78/(1378`"$‚f $F7:)(_),f¢1)xˆ13$F2 $2/(78),$‚$_/<',),78_$+"f20+"28e‹g&<&($F$F/F/9¢§1O5 ),š_+"202:$F+"28/vHT‹g1+")(&’jN&<&x/<1+"&«-:-©/<),$_f +"2:H$f¢78$_2¤2:f_
&H€</<),1+"-:/</<-©$$2 fu13<2 w _‚| '*$F)( /(_+"2 f:¤e_!/(%_4&c&($F/(/F78x§$‚€$78&</($’+"bm13^8_!/</<-0$4^:1/%5%1/(5T7828$4$F$/vHT2:&(1$)(b?j ˆ0‰`"$˜132 15%+"2828-0$F^:/vHT/1E)($jG'*&c/<15s) 1)m /(78+"$&
)($F‹)($&,&(+.132¦w |tHi$9/(_!j $x/(78$9_E$F)W_!‹$x13^8/<-S^8/
<w |W=
w | T
l
3
1
2
Sf8$2:'*$®+ƒ2‘/<$F)(E!_`"&-:)(1EG+"f8$i_€Ht_–@/<1 U^:_2U/(+.5s–]/(7:$i'*132 Sf:$2:'*$i+"29/(78$®$&</(+ƒbm_!/<$
w |—15x/(78$ )($F‹)($&(&,+.132¦w |'¤'*132:&(+"f8$F)‚/(78$-:),1ˆ0_!ˆ0+"`"+"/v–³f:+"&</<)W+.ˆ0^8/(+.132
w ¦w | w |<|t/(7:_!/€/(78$9/<)W^8$@)($F‹)($&(&,+.132}+"& ¦w |i‹3+.E$2}/(78$@$&(/(+"bm_!/<$ w |W
%
e
(
&
(
&
:
^
m
b
¢
$
(
/
:
7
!
_
}
/
(
/
8
7
$
:
f
"
+
<
&
<
/
,
)
"
+
0
ˆ
8
^
(
/
.
+
3
1
2
w
¦w | w |<|‚+"&}'*$2U/<$F)($f _!)(13^:2:f w |W
13\]&(7:2 $_!^8),_ ),-}_S`¦-©2:28$+"/<_!$F$mj˜/hHi2U+"12}^:)(bxjG/(78&9ˆ©$?$F_!)?f:)($c_!1/(5‰ˆS_G+"$*T§_¨8&<€_$bc7:f+"-0&‰$`.&<'F$/(_&?+"b—2gH_!ˆ+"/<`"$9`¦1),&(_&F$F`"cpHT$2g_8–N1+"2&’)97:S$*¨8_‹3E_^8$‚bc)($x-0_}dU`.$/<CBN$O20t§28f8€$$^87:2:),+"'*_&‰– `¦+"2U28/</<1u$F)(/h1GHi1f:E1^:$F),),'*jN&($&@bm&€/<1U_m)W1_ˆ0/(+"287¤+"_$& f_ H+"2U7:/<$F+ƒ',)(7¤E!_&(`"&F78§13€^:`ƒ78f $ˆ©7U$‚–U-©/(1_!/(j78$$2µ&,+"+ƒ&¦2‘+"/<&¦1¢/(7:_'F_!'*/i13/(^:782U$€/mˆ0/<+ƒ1_& ‹'*$F13/—bc_-©&(13–N28bc$-02U/</®11/(5©+"'F/(_78`"$`.– '*13'*21)()(f8$$'*2:/—'*'*$13+"2 2U/<$Ff8)($E!2:_'*`"$&
+"&‰28$Fp‹3+.),`ƒ+.&(‹3/ +.qrˆ01`.),$«f8$F+"2})i'*'*113),bm)($-0'*_!/‰),+"+"&<2‘13/<2‚$F),H]E_+.`"/(&i7‚'F/(_782—$9ˆ©E!$_!),f:+"$F_),2:+.'*E$9$fm'*13ˆNbm–m-_13&(&(2:^0$bm2‘/F+"28‹?_Xª«_^:&(&,+"_2—f:+ƒ&</<),+.ˆ8q
^/(878/($9+.13E!2 _!),+"_w ¦20'*w $9 | +"2‚ /(78w $9 |<13|W^8t§/<€-S^878/($?&tE1_!5),/(+ƒ_782:$ '*¢$91285$F/v/(HT7:1+"&€)(jGf0& +"&< /<),+.ˆS^8/(+.132˜'F_2gˆ©$@$&</(+"b—_!/<$f}5s)(13b
1
0 1
(
$
(
( (
›
QQP8QLUŸLNZc¡vS ž6LUsQsS
w | w | w | " =
G

ƒ
+
:
2
*
'
c
$
(
/
8
7
—
$
:
f
ƒ
+
<
&
<
/
,
)
.
+
0
ˆ
:
^
(
/
.
+
3
1
M
2
ƒ
+
x
&
«
ª
_
:
^
(
&
,
&
"
+
_
O&(1g+"&@/(78$ +"2‘E$F)W&<$—f:+"&(/<),+.ˆ0^8/(+"132 w w | 2
¦w |<|t/<1 S2:f‚/(78$@),$F‹)($&(&(+.132 w |W
p813`ƒ`.1H+ƒ28‹c/(78$9-:),1N'*$f:^:)($ G/(78$?'*132 Sf:$2:'*$9+"2U/<$F)(E_`ƒ&‰_!)($
w | w | ¦w | w | w |
f8$F-©$2:f0&i132}/(78$?f8$&(+")($f4'*132 Sf8$20'*$9`.$FE$` 
H
:
7
F
$
(
)
$
/<-©§€$F1378)(+"E!$˜2U_/('*`"&‰&F13@§12 5S€/(f87878$$’$’20'*5zN_$ /('*^:/<`.$Ff:1E),$$& 2‘`i/ F/(& 7:h_!qv/’f:
+"Hi&(/<$‚),c+.^:ˆ0&<'F^8$˜_/(2+"+"13&?2ˆ†G$xH]C~/(+.A _!/(74j$H]2U2 ^07:5sb?+")(',137¥ˆ©b $F)()€$_˜&(1^:5¦/(`"_!f8/(ˆ0&x$F`"‹+"$x)(2 $FH$~+"&]A /(7g15/(5'*78),13$’$F2 $-©Sf8$Ff813),b¯$'*2:$'*2U$ $˜N/(_!^:+"‹2G_$ q`
/<1m/(D78$x$’2U^:^:&<bx$fMˆ©$FA!)‰† 12856$F2:/vHT$F/v1HT)(1jG)(&jN/<&1—/(7:-:_!)(1G/€f:-:^:),'*1N$9f:^0_2}'*$$f‚&(/(/(+"78bm$9_!-:/<)($?$1f05¦+"'*/(/(7:+.13$9213^8/<-0^8/F 2 0‹3^8)($xdUCA _
f:+"2U+"/<_!$F‹)()WE!__b `"&?H]^:+.&,/(+"7˜28‹4$F)(ˆ©)(11),)(f8ˆ0$F_!),)W&9&T+ƒH&i7:&(+"7:'W17¢H&(2781QHe%28/(178/($˜78$F`"+")‰bm-©+.13/(&«&(&,1+.ˆ05‰+"`"$+"_/v–X'W7¤+"&T'*/<131X2 Sf:f8),_$H2:'*/($ 78+"$@2‘/<'*$F13),2 E_f8`%$wz2:&<$F'*$$
0‹3^8),$xdUCI3|W
LN£ P:Y
§€_'*78/($€^:_'*`¦132 &</<S1Gf8'($j2:'*+"&%$€/(+"2U78/<$X$F)()(E!$__`"`&)(13$F2:‹`.),–X$&(+"&(2:+.13f02 +"'F_! P/<$t!'$[/(V 78 $€RPT'*S132 P S6f8$^#20M* '*$€T1$5S'F/(_7:^:D$ &($c MO15®$)(/($F7:‹+"& )($&(/(&,7:+.$m132_§'*/(€^:78_$ `
&</<1G'(j4&<13bc$F/(+ƒbc$&€$*¨8'*$F$f:&€/(7:$?`"+"bm+"/(&i156/(78$?'*132 Sf8$2:'*$9+"2U/<$F)(E!_`"&F
(
110
observed
confidence interval
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
01/01/96
!#"%$'&(*)+,),-/.012345,67)+8195:*;7<=*>4)+19?12@>5;BAC<D;=>E*;!194F+),G
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
[ › % 0 O P:Z
›©[
110
observed
upper bound
lower bound
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
01/01/96
*! $'&(*)+, ),- .01236 5,<4 8195:*;=<= >4)+19?12@>5;BA <D;7>E*;!194F ),G
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
›
QQP8QLUŸLNZc¡vS ž6LUsQsS
‰ i ‰ ³¶
€§§€297878/($«$‰7:-01+"&ˆ:)(1',/(7:‹_),_!+ƒ28_-:$b¬/<f˜$F)6ˆS)(/($^:78&(+"`"^:$ f:`.),/(&6$&T_?&(H^:yG`.+ƒ/(yG`"&`0{0ˆ©135N$«H]E!'*7:_!13+")(bc',–G7X+"-028-0_!‹€)()(1N/($7:f0f‚$®^:H]'*&(+.$+.´F/(& $7˜_1/(2c5878/(13$@7:^8)($®/<$-S`.&($^8^:_!/ `"),/(2:ˆ0&i+ƒ_128&<5O‹€$fm/(&<78$F13$@/2gH]2:F_+"`"†9+.`!Eˆ©+"$@2:$®-0-:f:^8),+"$/&,f:'FE+"^:_'*&(/(`ƒ^8&<+.13$$2f&F
D $t^:&<$f9/(7:$i&</<1G'(j9158e%7813`"f?51)O/<$&</(+"28‹%_2:f9-:),1Nf:^0'F+"28‹‰)($&(^0`./(&F§€7:$®-0_!),_bm$F/<$F),&15
/(1785$t_yG28yN1{/(7:&O$F_!)X)($t'*13&<bm$F/-05s_12‘)6– /(70_u+"&O2:&($F-H $'F+ 1S-:' /(&<+ƒbm/<1G_'(`®j-S_!h/),_+"&6bc`"$F+.j/<$F$)c`.–«&</($F7:/<_!/(+"/285s‹1)O7:-0_)(&’$f:/<1+"'*/(ˆ©+.13$—2x5s131^:5:2:/(78f$tu§&<€/<1G7:'(+"j &
+/("&978$ 'F_5^0)($ &<N$f¥^8$ˆN2:–'*– $*¨N1/<5‰$F)W/<)W2:__f8`®$˜5z_+ƒ'*2 /<1/(),78& $‚¦&<&(/<^01N',',7¥j¢_1&x5‰+"/(2 78S$‚^:$'*2:13'*bc$c-01_5‰2U–1¦/(78$F$F/()x'! '*13D bm$˜-0_H2:+"+.`"$`¦& f06+"13&('F+"`¦^:/<&()W&?_/(f878$ $ )(/<$$',&(^070`.2:/(+ &®N1^85O$/(78$%/vHT1mf:+©$F)($2‘/t_!-:-:),13_',78$& &(/(_2:f:_!),f /<$',7:20+U^:$%_2:f‚`.$_f:$F)•°Q513`ƒ`.1HT$F)
%'$
>/23 79+ ) 7&;<5=>) 8 +.),+
%
1 9) 3>/)%$1 -C51 798
:ff:D«+"_2¥'*–N/(&F+"/(13¦§782 O$—195sf:1bm_!)‰/(13_!_28j$B$«I_«HTŠ4$F-:13$F),jN^8$f:f:/<-S_+"'*^8–4/(/(+.+"&91322HT!$F~/()(78~$—$€I:-02:ˆ0)($F1N_/vHTf0&<$^:1f‚'*)($jc13f24+"‚§& /(0€7:/<$%78/<$$—E!fc_28`"13$F^82c/h$Hi&t/(7811),$t5Oj¢-:/(78),7:$$c_'*f¢$Ff:†c/<+"1M-:28‹«)(-:$)(3'*1G†@$'*f0HT$+"&(28$F&?‹’$FjN_gHif0$F-:_$F–G)(jU$*&Fqq
§Of:+.),),_$+"'*2:/(+"+.2:13‹˜2:&‰1f85t$/('*78)($˜$_28&($F$/v&FHT1)(j¢+"&?&</<1-:-©$f H]78$2 /(78$m-©$F),'*$2U/(_!‹$˜15t'*1),)($'*/?-:),$f:+"'*/<$f
†8&</(_°2:†8if0__!°!',),~7šfXIš/<yGq—$yG',{ †87:20-:°+ U)(†81G^:f:°!$T^:~3HTdU'*$€$…p&’7:_8/(78E1$€$4)g/<13$),^8_+.$',/<fX-07^:/</<1/($&XS'W7:52012:f’)c+ N_13^82m28$¥$‚1-:A!–/(†³$+"_!b’28)^:t$F/hb¼2:Hi_15bc1),)¦jN$&M/(`"–¢7:_!$€$)($2U_',^:7µ/<bx),_ˆ©Hi+"$F28$F)$F$jGfa1f:5_&(– _ bm2
5s)(-0/(13`.78b$$&
+"2‚/(78$?/<),_+"2:+"2:‹’&<$F/FT§€78$«)($&(^0`./(&€_!)($9f:+ƒ&<-0`"_–$f4+"2‚/(78$95s13`"`.1QH+"28‹c&<$'*/(+.1320&F
(/e%f:+._132m–2+"bch§5O-©78/(178$%)($@/(20_2:_2U_+./¦E+.E+"$«&($«&(-:^8-:)($€$)($f:+ƒf0&+"'*+"/('*/(7:+"/(13_!+.132/ 2 /(/(78_!13$€j^8$/<28&€-©$$F^:/()(78),5$@_1`8)W`"bm28_&<$F&T/‰/vHT/(f:781_$@)(–˜jGyN&®_yG&‰&({a7:-:&13)(U^:$/(f0`"78fX+"$'*2413/<$^8+"f˜/</T-©E+"$F&t_)(`"^:5s^:1&($]),$bŒ`.5s$1&()‰2:&T_/(/<+.781cE$@$‰-:'F-0)(^81G)()($f:)(f:^:$+"2U'*'•$/q
13-:^8)($/<f0-0+"^:'*/(/(&c+.13ˆU2g–³_!),28$x$^:‹3),+.E_$`€228$F+"2M/hHi/(178)($XjG&F28
§$*¨G€/]78/($4_!ˆ0)(`"$$&,«§^:`./(78&c$x/(7:'*13_!`"/—^0Hibm$F2:)(&]$M‹31+.ˆ:E$x/(_/(+"7:28$$fš«ˆU“ –³©^:28&(1+ƒ28),b—‹ _2:`"+._´F+.$Ef $
Š~
±
9P0 zOŸ¢OLMZQ ‘LMS¡OLMRsLNP:!OzOŸ¥ZLU
)(«$“&(^0`.3/(_&t2:Hif’$F/(),78$9$‰1-©ˆ:$F/(),_'*+"28$2U$/(f}_!‹ˆU$‰–˜1/(5S_!'*jN1+ƒ28),)(‹c$'*13/ 28-:$9)(–$$f0_!+")'*F/<&$fX-:)(f:$+.f:)($+ƒ'*'*/(/(+.+.13132:20&9&5swz1†8)¦°$†8_',7°!~28IQ$Fqv†8/vHT°1†8)(j°§~3d378|W $&<$
%!C“AB 2:1),bm†G _†`"†+.†3´F$of BI «“ '*1)()($IG'*!/%Cof:Š +.)($'*/(+"132
+*R)K*-,
46139"0513AB0;46> 9"7 +?5>
€§e%7878$13`"fM&</(_/<1˜2:f0-0_!)(),$f f:+"'*/<$/«',_7:2u2:+ 13U^8^8/<$u-0^8/(_!/Fj@§$€&478/($782u$³/(F78† $’-:/(+")(bc$'*$*$qrf0H]+"+"282:‹ f81QHiH $F$F+"jG&«f:bc_–G1Q&‚E$5sf)(1313b28$c/(78f:$_–u&</<&<1N1˜',/(j7:_!1/ 5
/(/<1u78$ˆ'F$˜^:)(-:)()($$2Uf0/®+"'*f:/<_$–mfg§`ƒ+.$€&¦7:H$ +./(/(70+"bm+"2X$*/(qr78H$€+"2:/(+"f8bm1QH $*qrH+"&x+"2:1f85 1Q:H ¨G‘$_f 2:fm&(+.´F/(78$c$]28H$*78¨G$/®2 f:/(_78–c$˜ˆ©/($+"'*bc13bc$*qrH$& +ƒ2:/(78f8$%1H f:_+"– &
bc1QEp8$1f)‰‘$/(78_'W$7‚2m1/(785$ /(780$@),&<B/¦If:Šx_f0–x_1–G5&i/(/(787:$‰$ /(«+"bm“ ˜$*qrH_2:+"2:f f8/(1Q78Hš$]+"-©&¦$Ff8),$'*$`.$F2U/</($_!fc‹$«_201fm5 _@ 28M $FHš(!#f:
_PE–’^ +"&¦_f0Gf8$ EfM
/(/(! 78786$˜$’W -:M'*!]1)($)()(f: $+ƒR'*'* /c/<M $!]f:fg+.6)(E!$P˜_'*`"/(HT^8+"$’13$F2¥)(5$’1+.)«f85‰$FHT_/<2 $F$F$F),+"jNbm2:f0'*+"_2:)(– $$_f &<®e$ ¼©1H)c-:7:)(f8$+ƒ$',f0'*7u+")('*$+"/(_&+.13&</($˜2‚7:$XHT15_&,&’_/(78bc-:$?$’),E!$f0f:_+.`"+")(^8'*$/<$@'*$/(f¢5s1+.13)H]2uHT+./(_$F7¢&%$FjG/()(78f:$&($c_-– _$'*'*/(/x7:^:/<__1 & `
f:+ ©$F)($2:'*$
a ‘LUZ 0¡€s£ L V z6NV—Z
§€'*13782:$«'F`"yG^0yG&({a+.13&®2c/<+")W&_+"ˆ028_$&(f $fc132˜132c_’/(f:78_!$ /(_XN^:&<_$F`"/t+"/v1–?5a135†X/(&(78_$€bc-0-S)($`.$f:&®+"'*/(/(^:+.13),282X$+"f 2X13/<^8$F)W/tbm/<1x& 1-©5 $F)(%5s1“ ),b ‘· ˆ$S&(º/F ‘§€_7:2:+"f &
/(78$9§€/(+ƒ7:bc$x$9yG28yG$F{a$&€f8$/<),f4_/<+ƒ281—$-:fg)($13f:2M+"'*/(/‰78$X_`"'*`a13BbcIŠm-0`.E$F_/<$X`ƒ^8f:$&F_!/(_˜&<$F/%-:)(1Gf:^:'*$f413^8/<-S^8/(&H]+./(7g&(b—_`"`.$F)
15s«15‰“)‰/(:-:7:& )(+"&x$ˆ0f:+"^8+"2:'*/«'*/()(+"/(13$78_2$c&($m$* ¨G2˜1$5‰/('F78$*^8¨N$9/($+.13&<'F/<2¢^:1G/('(/(+.j‚13+ƒbc2¥bm$c/(_!+ƒ1)(bc5ij$$F/(/‰7:$cHi1328$˜-:$@)('*17:13‹_2:),&t&(_+"/<bf81X$F)?)(+ƒ2:$/(_'*7:'*)(+"$/‰&9_E&</($F$+ƒbc),&9– $*'*qrN13H^:20+"+"&(2:',+"jNf8f:`.$F1– ),H G_!_ˆS&(2:`.+"–f‚´F$ /(i78_&’$@$'FyG^:_yG2 ^0{a0&<$&/
/(7:_!/D
_!78),$9$2‚/<),HT_+"$«28+ƒ$2:f‚'*)(H]$+._/(&<7‚$f˜/(7:/(+"78&t$@/(+"2Nbm^:$*b?qrHˆ©$F+"2:)Tf811Q5OH&(_f8bm1—-028`.$1&t/€+"&,2 _!/(/(+"78&<$@5s– f:/(_!78/($?_c)(&<$$FU/8^0/(+.)(78$$«bcyG$yN2U{/(&F&i/(^:),28$f
13/(+"^8bc/€$c/<1˜15tf8/($78'*)($c$-0_&<)($’1‹+"),24_-©b $F),+"'*20$'*2U)(/($_!_‹&<$?$fµ15¦wz_'*&x1)('F)(_$2 '*/]ˆ©-:$c)($$*f:¨N+ƒ-©'*$/<$'*f}/<$fSf:|W+.)(—§$'*/(+"7:13+"2&@:'F__2:2¢f}ˆ©/($c7:$9&<$F$*$¨N2 $'F+"2^:/(/(+.13782 $
5s/(1378`"$?`.12:H]$F+"/v28HT‹˜1/()(_!jNˆ0&`./<$),_+" 282u$f‚/(7:13+"&%2}/(/(_!78ˆ0$?`.$cf:+/(©7:$F$X)($_2UE/‰$F),/(_!+"bc‹$ $*qr«H“ +ƒ22:f8©1· HS&,º+.´F$a&€__!2:)(f$@$*‹3¨G+.E$$'F2a^8/(+.132/(+"bc$X5s1)
/(+"bc$*qrH]+"2:f81QH %“ · 0º $*¨G$'F^8/(+.132g/(+"bc$
3A!††
B!B3†GdUCCIIo~ IIoNANCCŠB3Bd
—Acbmbm+"+"22
d!A
Š!†GC~G IŠN™dQ
?bm+"2
§€78$9f0+"_!‹),_bm&€_!),$9&(781H]2}+"2 0‹3^8),$&oN"@/<1 oNCŠN
0 1
1
J¢KgP0SLuž6QLN6s
±
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
value
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
01/01/96
50
100
150
+$ &(*)+, ),- 5 ;=41 .5, %8 19),*;D<35; ) <=)+1):8941 5
19D>27;= %
200
day
01/01/97
8),- 7GD8 891),;7<=)+<
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
value
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
01/01/96
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
day
!"#$%#&(')+*,-/.0'123-45#*768'
*9#6,#$-#:24-;')+<$=>25#&?A@72B24-#*A6,#$56
-47C5DA*,E
±J
9P0 zOŸ¢OLMZQ ‘LMS¡OLMRsLNP:!OzOŸ¥ZLU
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
value
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
01/01/96
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
$ &(*)+, ),- 5 ;=41 .5, %8 19),*;D<35; ) <=)+1):8941 5 +" 8),- 7GD8 891),;7<=)+<
19D>27;= %
day
!#"%$&'
( 2 GD),<4*) 5G*G5 .'419D> 2=;=% 8 67),89D< 5; 12(*<D)@127)+1'12(89195B> 5 )>5- ),;!+
>4),;6 *;-C, D;=>D< 6.+ 12 89195%>5 55,12=4E>5-7),;=*D84 ( 2 GD),<=4*) 5G G5 .4E19D> 2-/
;=%1)$,D8?129 =D>D<=*;= .4%<7)0B+ 8 5- 12= 89195B> 5 12= GD),<=48 5%1 25G*<
195 7D<=*>1 ),;:51471! 5,21 25G < 1 8'*; 12 891),;=<=)+<:19D>2=;7!= 12 1 - 3/ .0*;=<=5 .
*8 - 5 F,D< 5;=@<=)03+ 6 5, =5B>D88*; 12;3%4 1 5=14714
1 8@<=*8>4=889D< *; > 2=)$=194 127D<=*>19D< 89195B> 5) ;41 .5, 19),*;=D< 5; 12
56879;: ),8 .DG*G ),8 12=<?>A@ 5G*G5 .08 12 ),>1=),G 89195B> 6 419194 12=),; 129=D<=*>19D<
89195B>35 ) ;41.'5,319), ;D<35;=GB+ 5; 12C<?>A@
D ; 12= =4F%578:89D>15;FE-E-G 8:19 ),*;D< 5; )1*- 3/ .0*;7<5 . .012 8),->7GD8
1;=D< 511955=1 C4 5,- ;41 .5, B819),*;D<:5; - 5, 8),- 7GD84 5,12D8 D),85;=8
. . *G*G 5;=GH+ =5 FB*< 123D8=G*18E5 12= ;41.'5, %8 19), ;D<5; 12 56879;: ),;=< )
1*- 3 / . *;=<5 . .012 8),- 7GD84
1*- 3/ . *;=<5 . <I>0@ 56879: 34BD>415; 1*- J #","
#" !K
- *;
4
5
8
>
(
5
2@<7*)+,),- *8 825 .0; *; A7 $
› SO‘RzZQ
±S›
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
value
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
01/01/96
50
100
150
200
01/01/97
$ &(*)+,),- 5 ;=41 .5, %8 19),*;D< 5; ) <=)+1) 8941 5
GD),<43 ) 5G*G*5 . 4 19D>2=;7 !=
day
8),- 7GD8
>
27)DF, 894D; 12=)+1:12 E-E-G 8 12=)+1 =89 12 891),;=<=)+< 19D>2=;= ! C4 5,- -=> 2
6 4 1919412=),;:12=IE-E-G 8 127)+1789012(GD),<43) 5G*G*5 .4'19D> 2=;= % .'(>5;=8*<=4'6 5,12
<?>A@:),;7< 56879: ( 2 >4),=89 8 =5,6 )+67GB+E127)+1 12 89195%> F ),G D8 5 12 GD),<48'- )0+
<4FB*)+19 195!5 - =>2 5-/12= 8195%> F+),G*E5 12 5G*G5 .'4 ( 2=*80>4),789D8 12 ;=D),G
;41.'5, 3195 =5B<==>(51 718 12=)+10<4FB*)+19 5- 12@8195%> F ),G*=D8 5 12= 5G G5 .4D
( 24@*85;=BG +3) 8G**2 1 <= 4D;=>@ ; 56 79:
5 .4F,4 %12 D87G18 12=)+1 . 5,6=1),*; .6 + *;!195B<==>4*;= 12 G*D),<4*) 5G*G5 .4 19D> 2-/
;= % *;!195 12 E-E-G 8()+ .5,89 12=),; . 3 4 D>19D< ( 2 891),;=<=)+< 19D> 2=;= % 5,6/
FB5=8BG + 4 5, - 8(6 419194D D 1E*8 C58867G 12=)+16C419194D8=G*18?>4),;6 5,6=1),*;=D< 6 +
=8 ; 5;@5 12@5,124 B*;=<785 ;41.'5, %8 <=*8>4=889D< *; >27) =194I J%
5,12 19D> 2=;= %D8(51 4 5,- 12 ;=),F, 7D<=*>15; C<= 8>4=889D< *; 89D>1*5; J
.' >5;=8*<4 12 56879;: 45,D ( 2 19D>27;= %D8 ),G*895 51 4 5,- 12 3 4 418
),;=),BG +B8918 ?5 12 89195B> -:)+ ,41 .025 >4),; D),>2 ) 4>D;!1)+, 5 ) =05 4*- )+19DHG +
" K 5; 195 784D>4),=89 12= <=*D>15; *8- => 2 - 5,3*- 5,1),;!112=),; 12 3 4),>1
F+),G* .E>4),; >5;=8*<4 12 E-E-G 8 195 6 ?6 419194 12=),; 12E;=),F, 7D<=*>15;
5
5
4
5
5
7
3
4
5
$
4
9
$A
!"#
"! #$
%'&(*),+.-0/1)3254,(769802:/<;>=?43258@+.-7;>&AB69(DC696E&GF,+IHB698*6E&J(=?69(*),;KF,-L(7;:/<;>=MA3+.&,6N4,8*6EF3+./<(*+O;>&,P 8*;>=Q&R6ESR812UTV&,69(WC0;U8*XK-YCN+.T.TZAB6:[>+.\U6E&^]`_a&R6b; P (*),6E-76=?69(*)R;cF,-d+.-eA32UT.2U&3/9+.&R[R]bfg),+.=?69(*)R;cFh+.-iAj2U-76EFk;>&h(*)R6G2U&,2UTOlc-*+.-i; P (*)R6m6E&,-76E=MA3TO6n[U6E&R69812UT.+OoE25(*+.;>&p69818*;U8:+q&r(7;s2U&
2U=MA3+O[>S,+O(Dlt(76981=2U&,Fu2n(76981=v+.&,/<;U814w;U8@25(*+.&R[[U6E&R698@2UT.+OoE25(*+O;>&u4B698 P ;U8@=2U&,/<6E-x; P +.&,F,+Iy
\c+.F,S,2UTB&R69(DC;U8*Xc-9]0fg)R6Y=?69(*)R;cFt+.-gF,6E-*/<81+OAB6EFG+.&{z}|~€]
 -7(78125(769[Ult(7;`4,8*69\U6E&J(N2&R6ESR8@2UT^&R69(WC0;U8*X P 81;>=‚;ƒ\U6987„j(7(*+.&R[R…3+.-g(7;`-7(7;U4†(78@2U+.&,+.&R[
+.&2U&6E258@TOlp-7(*25[U6u; P (*),6‡TO6E2581&,+.&,[u4,81;K/<6E-*-E]fg)R6t/<;>=?43TO69(76uF,25(*2"-769(`+.-?-*43T.+O(bSR4
+.&J(7;"2s(7812U+.&,+.&,[ˆ-769(2U&3F2s\2UT.+qF,25(*+O;>&‰-769(9]‰fŠ812U+q&,+.&R[s+.-?-7(7;U4,4B6EFhCN)R6E&‰(*),6m69818*;U8
;>&ˆ(*)R6b\2UTq+.F,25(*+O;>&u-769(d-7(*258*(*-d+.&,/<816E2U-*+.&R[R]efg)R6b-7(*25A3+.T.+.(Wlt; P (*)R6?&R69(DC;U81XK-d+.-e),+O[>)3TOl
FR694B6E&,FR6E&J(e;>&u(*),6bF3+O\K+q-*+O;>&‡+.&ˆ(7812U+q&,+.&R[`2U&3Fu\52UT.+.F325(*+O;>&u-*69(9…‹2U&,Fs2UT.-7;G;>&ˆ(*)R6b812U&cy
FR;>=+.&,+O(*+q2UTBC6E+O[>)J(*-e2U&,F‡(*)R6:/1)R;>-*6E&ˆ=`+.&,+.=+.oE25(*+O;>&G4,8*;c/<6EF,SR8*6U]Œfg)3+.-g/92US,-76E-x6E2581TOl
-7(7;U4,4B6EFm&R69(WC0;U8*Xc-0(7;MAB6N8@25(*)R698ŒS,&,-7(*25A3T.6UŽ2:-*=2UT.Tj/1),2U&,[U6a+q&(*)R6aF,25(*2M;U80F,+OHw698*6E&J(
+.&,+.(*+.2UT‹/<;>&,F,+.(*+O;>&,-e/92U&u438*;KF3S,/<6MT.2581[U6:/@),2U&R[U6E-d+.&†(*)R6M438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&‹]xfg)R69816 P ;U8*6U…B+O(a+.2UFR\c+.-*25A3T.6g(7;?254,43TOlb(*)R6a-*2U=?6e4,8*;c/<6EF,SR8*6x-769\U69812UTw(*+.=?6E-0-7(*258*(*+.&,[ P 8*;>=F,+IHB698*6E&r(0+.&,+Iy
(*+.2UTwC06E+O[>)r(*-E]Lfg),+.-(76E/1)3&,+.KSR6d+.-0; P (76E&G8*6 P 698*8*6EFm(7;2U-‘(7812U+q&,+.&R[:6E&,-76E=MA3TO6E-0; P &,6ESR812UT
&R69(DC;U8*Xc-9]
’ D +O(*){A325[U[>+q&R[R…Z(*),64,8*6EF,+q/<(*+O;>&";>&k2u&R69CNTOls258*81+.\K+.&,[G+q&R43SR(d\U6E/<(7;U8b+.-Y(*),6`2E\U698125[U6
;ƒ\U698?2UT.T&R69(WC0;U8*X{438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&3-9]m“‘25[U[>+.&,[ˆ/<;>=?4jTO69(76ETOl"F,+.-78169[>2581F,-Y(*),6`4B698 P ;U81=2U&,/<6
; P (*)R6Y+.&,F3+O\K+qF,S,2UT3&,69(WC0;U8*XK-N;>&t(*)R6iF325(*2S,-76EF P ;U8N(7812U+q&,+.&R[b2U&,F‡-7(7;U4343+.&R[R]
’?”Z•p– “‘S,=?43+q&R[d(*)R8*;—CN-L2ƒC02ƒl`2UT.T3&,69(WC0;U8*XK-E…J6<˜R/<694,(L(*),6N;>&R6gCx+O(*)(*)R6xTO;ƒC06E-7(L69818*;U8L;>&n(*)R6
/<;>=?43T.69(76iF,25(*2-769(9]
’ Z™ “‘2UT.2U&,/9+.&,[h+.-G2U&+.&J(76981=?6EF3+.25(76 P ;U81=š; P A325[U[>+.&R[2U&,FA3S,=43+.&R[R]œ›L2U/@)&R69(WC0;U8*X
8*6E/<6E+O\U6E-M2tC06E+O[>)r(*+q&R[ P 2U/<(7;U8bZž0Cx),+./1)"F,694w6E&3F,-a;>&"(*)R66<˜c4B6E/<(76EF{4B698 P ;U81=2U&,/<6?; P
(*)R6a&R69(WC0;U8*Xn;>&n&R69C\52UT.SR6E-9]Ÿfg)3+.-Ÿ6E-7(*+q=25(*+O;>&m+.-LAj2U-76EF`;>&m(*)R6e4B698 P ;U81=2U&,/<6x; P (*)R6
&R69(DC;U8*Xt;>&†(*)R6Y(7812U+q&,+.&R[2U&,F†\2UTq+.F,25(*+O;>&t-769(*-E]‘fN)R6d4,8*6EF,+q/<(*+O;>&t; P 2UT.T‹&R69(DC;U81XK-x;>&
4325(7(76981&u t+.-gFR6<„w&R6EFt2U-g(*)R6dC06E+O[>)J(76EF†2ƒ\U698125[U6
¡r¢
•
# ” #
ž Zž ž
fg),6d[U;>2UTŠ+.-‘(7;?„w&,FG(*)R6YC06E+O[>)J(*+.&R[ P 2U/<(7;U81-NZžD…j-*SRA76E/<(Œ(7;(*)R6i/<;>&3-7(7812U+.&J(* Zž "!$#%'& Z)
ž (+*-,.0/
ž
lc+O6ET.F,+q&R[M(*),6i-*=2UT.T.6E-7(‘4w;>-1-*+OA3TO6e[U6E&R69812UTq+OoE25(*+O;>&t698*81;U8
13246572 ! A? @CBEDF@
JI$L K MON
8:90;=<>9 HG
D 6`)32E\U6?(7;G„j&,Fˆ8*6E2U-*;>&,25A3TO6b6E-7(*+.=`25(76E- P ;U8i(*)R6E-76b[U6E&R69812UT.+.oE25(*+O;>&s698*8*;U81-aAj2U-76EF
;>&G(*)R6Y&R69(DC;U81Xm4B698 P ;U81=2U&3/<6E-;>&‡\2UT.+qF,25(*+O;>&GF,25(*2c]0_a&3/<6dC6Y),2ƒ\U6Y;UA,(*2U+.&,6EFn(*),6E-76
6E-7(*+.=`25(76E-9…Š„w&,F,+.&R[G(*)R6n;U4,(*+.=2UTŸC6E+O[>)J(*+.&R[ P 2U/<(7;U81-:Zž‘S3&,FR698Y(*)R6n/<;>&,-7(7812U+.&J(*-i+q-i2
-7(7812U+.[>)r( P ;U8*C‘2581F‡KS,2UFR8125(*+./a438*;U[U812U==+q&R[b4,8*;UA3TO6E=‡]
PRQS
TVUWYX[Z=\^]'U0_J`
%'&‡(*),+.-x-76E/<(*+O;>&u2n/<;>=?4j2581+.-7;>&t; P (*),6M=?69(*)R;cF,- P ;U8a/<;>=iAj+.&,+.&R[?(*),6M&R6ESR8@2UT‹&R69(WC0;U8*X
;>SR(743S,(*-Cx+.T.T,AB6e[>+O\U6E&^]LfN)R6x(76E-*(*-‘C698*6a81S3&nAKbl ap]dci]feZ2U=?6981-9]ŸfN)R6e&,69(WC0;U8*XK-NS,-76EF
P ;U8:/<;>=MA3+.&,25(*+.;>&k; P (*),6`8*6E-*S3TO(*-9… 258*6mF3+IHw69816E&r( P 8*;>= (*)R6m;>&R6E-:S,-76EFh+.&k/@),254,(7698hgK]
fg)R6YF3+IHw69816E&,/<6E-g2U&,FG(*)R6i8*6E-*S,TO(*-Œ25816iF,+.-*/9S3-*-76EFG+.&G(*)R6 P ;>T.TO;—CN+.&R[?-*S,A3-76E/<(*+O;>&,-E]
ikj7l j7l
monqpHrtsuvws xzyH{qv}|'~|€‚quv:u
a_ &‰(*)R6tF,25(*2{|„ƒ„…{-76943258125(76†&,6ESR812UT‘&R69(WC0;U8*X‰2U&,2UTOlc-76E-bC0698*6t4B698 P ;U8@=?6EF^]p›2U/1); P
(*)R6b2U&,2UTOlc-76E-e),2UF‡(7;G4,8*;c/<6E-*-N(*)R6M;>S,(743SR( P ;U8e;>&R6MC06969XcF,2El†+q&†!ˆ‡„‡„ƒK…BA32U-76EFu;>&ˆ(*)R6
\52UT.SR6E-Œ; P (*)R6M4,8*6E/<6EF,+.&,[‰!Š*nF,2Elc-9]‘fŠ;n=25XU6M2`4,8*6EF,+./<(*+.;>&^…c6E2U/1)ˆ=?;KF,6ET‹+.-‘„3(7(76EF†;>&
¡H*F,+.8*6E/<(*TOl`438*6E/<6EF,+.&R[?C06969XcF,2Elc-9]
‹R;U8V6<˜R2U=?43T.6UŠ(7;d4,8*;c/<6E-*- 2e4,8*6EF,+q/<(*+O;>& P ;U8Ÿ„| ‡HŒ*!ŽŒ‡„ƒdA32U-*6EFM;>&b(*),
6 !Š*e4,816E/<6EF,+.&R[
C06969XKF,2ƒlK-E…52N=?;KF,6ETU+.-w„3(7(76EFY;>&Y(*)R6Ÿ\52UT.SR6E-^; P (*)R6ŸH¡ *Œ438*6E/<6EF,+.&R[‘C06969XKF32Elc- G *5¡ Œ‘!EH| Œ‡U¢
y0„| ƒHŒ*!ŽŒ‡„ƒ M “] ’0;>&,-*6EJSR6E&J(*TOlG2?4,8*6EF3+./<(*+O;>&m; P (*)R6d\2UTqSR6d;>&†„| ‡HŒ*!ŽŒ‡„ƒm+.-Œ4,81;K/<6E-*-*6EF^]
”–•˜—™˜—š –›œ • › —žEŸ
‹R;U8d6E2U/@)"2U&,2UTOlc-*+.-x¢ *G&R6ES,812UTZ&,69(WC0;U8*XK-d25816M(7812U+q&R6EF†;>&ˆ(*)R6b254,4,81;U4,81+.25(76MH¡ *n;UAj-76987y
\525(*+O;>&,-9]†›2U/1)‰&R69(DC;U8*Xh+.-i2 …—yWT.2ƒlU698&R69(WC0;U8*Xw…VCN+O(*$) !Š*ˆ+.&R4jSR(Y&R;cFR6E-9… ¡ˆ&,;KFR6E-M+.&
(*)R6`)3+.F,FR6E&sT.2ƒlU698E…Z2U&,$F !?;>SR(743SR(Y&,;KFR6U]nfg)R6?),+.F,F,6E&"&R;KF,6E-d),2E\U6m¡2 £¢¤¥m(7812U&,- P 698
P S,&,/<(*+O;>&^…R2U&,F‡(*)R6Y;>SR(743S,(g&R;KF,6a)32U-g§2 ¦F¨©¤«ª=¢¬Œ(7812U&,- P 698 P S,&,/<(*+.;>&^]
fZ812U+.&,+q&R[s; P (*),6†&R69(WC0;U8*X‰C‘2U-4B698 P ;U81=?6EFS,-*+q&R[s(*)R6‡A32U/1Xry€4,81;U4325[>25(*+O;>&2UTO[U;5y
81+O(*)3=t…3CN)3+./1)uC02U-e6<˜c(76E&,FR6EFˆCN+O(*)†(*)R®6 ­¯°±©²hT.6E2581&,+.&R[`81S,TO6U]efg)RV6 ­«¯°±C²T.6E2581&,+.&R[
81S,T.6M-7(*25(76E-a(*),25(e6E2U/1)k-7(7694s; P (*)R6:A32U/*XJy€4,8*;U4325[>25(*+.;>&"2UTO[U;U81+O(*),=/92U&ˆ4,8*;c/<696EFs&R;U87y
=2UT.T.lu+ P (*)R6`F,+O816E/<(*+O;>&s; P (*),64,8*6EF,+q/<(*+O;>&ˆ; P (*),6/9SR8*8*6E&J(d;UA3-7698*\525(*+O;>&"C‘2U-YCN8*;>&R[R]
% P …g;>&(*)R6ˆ;U(*)R698t),2U&,F‹…Œ(*)R6"F,+O8*6E/<(*+O;>& C02U-t/<;U818*6E/<(9…N(*)R6E& 2pC6E25XU698u-7(7694 ; P (*)R6
2UTO[U;U81+.(*),=CN+.T.TwAB6YFR;>&R6UV(*),6iTO6E2581&,+q&R[b8125(76YCN+.TqTj(*),6E&tAB6a=:S,TO(*+.43T.+O6EFnAJ‰l *c] !5]
"• ” žfš E› ™
fg),6MA32U/1Xry€438*;U4325[>25(*+O;>&"2UTO[U;U8@+O(*),=C02U-a-7(7;U4,4B6EFˆ2 P (7698i¢*„*m694B;c/1),-e; P (7812U+q&,+.&R[R…
;U8 + P (*)R6 i;>&i(*)R6\2UTq+.F,25(*+O;>&Y-*69(Ž+.&3/<8*6E2U-76EF P ;U8Ž¡x-*SRAj-76EJS,6E&r(Š-*(76943-9] fg)R6T.6E2581&,+.&R[
8125(76i2U&3F‡=?;>=?6E&J(*S,=‚43258@2U=?69(76981-gC0698*z6 *cd] *!M2U&,§F *c] ƒ?816E-74‹]
›œ • :ž š E› ™
fZ;`FR6E/<8*6E2U-76M(*)R6MT.6E2581&,+.&R[b(*+.=6Y; P (*)R6i&R6ESR8@2UT‹&R69(WC0;U8*Xc-g(*)R6:F,25(*2 P ;U8N(*)R6M2U&,2UTOlc-76E),2ƒ\U6AB696E&"&R;U81=2UT.+.o96EF^]:fN)R6/<;>=?43TO69(76F325(*2‡-769(i),2U-aAB696E&s(7812U&3- P ;U8@=?6EF"(7;‡+O(*-
¢„¦:ª<
bI¡
"!
#%$
fg)R6d816E-*S,TO(*+.&,[:F,25(*2`-769(N),2U-g2U&u2E\U698125[U6:; P *2U&,F‡2-*(*2U&,F,2581FtFR69\c+.25(*+O;>&‡; P !5]
& — œ™ —™«š (':— ›*)NH™ ›œœ — ™ š +Eœ — ™ š E› ™
‹R;U8e6E2U/1)ˆ; P (*)R6b„| ƒ„…?C06969XKF,2ƒlK-e; P !ˆ‡„‡„ƒK…B(*)R8*696M/<;>T.TO6E/<(*+O\U6b=?;cFR6ET.-ŒC0698*6M=`2UFR6 P 8*;>=
(*)R6b¢ *`-76943258@25(76:&R69(DC;U81XK- P ;U8NA325[U[>+.&,[R…3A3S,=43+.&R[R…,2U&,F†A32UT.2U&,/9+q&R[`=?69(*)R;cF,-9-] ,x;U(76
(*),25( P ;U–8 ª=¢/.A¥:; P (*),6i„| ƒ„…F,2ƒlK-Œ(*),8*696i=?;cFR6ET.-‘C0698*6Y/<;>&,-7(78@S,/<(76EF^] ‹R;U8e6E2U/1)†; P (*),6E-76
„| ƒ„…d438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&3- (*)R0
6 ?C‘2U-LFR69(7698@=+.&R6EF^…>2U&3F?(*)R6g4B6981/<6E&J(*25[U6x; 2P 1 ¬0ª43¨.ˆ ¨5¤768 ¨ E¥
E¥ª9.:5¬¬0ª4.Ž -3¨©¬0ª4.Ž ¨;5„¤,]
 4,8*6EF3+./<(*+O;>&a; P (*)R6L\52UT.SR6 P ;U8ŠC06969XcF,2Ehl >)32U-‹(*)R6L/<;U818*6E/<(ZF,+.8*6E/<(*+O;>&d+ P 2U&i+.&3/<8*6E2U-76
;U8aFR6E/<8*6E2U-76:C02U-x4,8*6EF3+./<(76EF‡CN+.(*)t8*6E-74B6E/<(N(7;m(*)R6M4,8*6EF,+./<(76EF‡\2UT.S,6 P ;U8NC06969XKF,2ƒ†l ;=<5…
CN),+q/1)t+.-Œ(*),6Y-*2U=?6iF,+.8*6E/<(*+O;>&t2U-g(*),6Y2U/<(*S,2UTŠF,+OHw698*6E&3/<6U]
ikj7l j>
?A@B3vfpHv~DCv:u
%'&t(*),+.-Œ-76E/<(*+.;>&t(*)R6iF,+OHw698*6E&3/<6E-g258*6YF,+.-1/9S,-*-76EFt2U&,F‡(*)R6d4B;>-*-*+OA3T.6e+.=432U/<(*-9
6 FHFHI‹-ŽS,-76EF:+.&Y(*)3+.-Z/@),254,(7698V),2ƒ\U6 £¢„¤¥g(7812U&,- P 698 P S,&3/<(*+O;>&,š œ :™Ÿ ) — œE) ” ™ ™ š E› ™˜Ÿ fg)RG
+q&n(*),6e),+qF,FR6E&mT.2ElU698g2U&,F ¦F¨©¤'ª0¢¬(7812U&,- P 698 P S3&,/<(*+O;>&,-0+.&n(*)R6a;>SR(743SR(‘&R;cFR6U]Vfg)R6
FHFHI‹-‘S,-76EFG+.&m/1)3254,(769“
8 g:/<;>&r(*2U+.&G;>&3TOl`&R;cFR6eCN+O(*) 6¨KJMLN5¨3e(7812U&,- P 698 P S,&3/<(*+O;>&,+G q&,/9T.S,F,+q&R[t(*)R6m;>SR(743SR(:&R;KF,6 M ]ufg)R69816n+.-M&R;ˆF3+IHw69816E&,/<6n+.& O36<˜R+OA3+.T.+.(Wlˆ; P (*)R6
=;KFR6ETŽ/92US,-76EFuAKlt(*)R6:S3-76i; P £¢„¤¥+.&†-7(76E2UFˆ; P 6 ¨PJ/LN5¨;3 P S,&,/<(*+O;>&3-9]Nfg)R6M&R69('y
C0;U8*Xm+.&m(*),+.-‘/1),2543(7698g=2ElmAB6e-*Tq+O[>)r(*T.l`TO6E-*G- O36<˜R+OA3TO6e/92US,-76EFGAKl`(*)R6dS,-*6e; P (*)R6
Tq+.&R6E258Œ;>SR(743S,(g&R;KF,6Uq] cN;—C69\U698E…w(*)R6YF,+OHw698*6E&3/<6Y+.-Œ4,8*;UAj25A3TOl`&R;U(N4w698@/<694,(*+OA3TO6U]
žE—Q œ ™ ™' œ š—:™  • › • —™«š ”Z• Re+OHw698*6E&J(t\52UT.SR6E- P ;U8‡TO6E2581&,+.&,[p8125(76p2U&,F =?;5y
=6E&r(*S,= =2Eld/92US,-*6Ÿ(*)RD6 FHFHI‹-^(7;N-*(7;U4i(7812U+.&3+.&R[Œ+.&d2gF,+OHw698*6E&J(^4B;>+.&J(^; *P S C06E+O[>)J('y
-*432U/<M6 TO]fg),6Y+.=?432U/<(Œ; P (*),+.-gF3+IHw69816E&,/<6d+.-gF,P+ Um/9S,TO(0(7;AB6d6E-7(*+.=25(76EF^]
ŸŠš › – ™ œV šŽ— œVE› ™ fN)R6uTO6E258@&,+.&R[5yW2UTO[U;U8@+O(*),= ; P (*)R6ˆ&R69(WC0;U8*Xc-G+.&(*),+q-`/1)3254,(7698mS3-76E2ˆ\52UT.+.F,25(*+.;>&k-7(7;U4/<81+O(7698@+O;>&^]sfg)R6mA32U/*XJy€4,8*;U4325[>25(*+.;>&2UTO[U;U81+O(*),= +.-:-7(7;U4,4B6EF
Cx)R6E&‡(*)RW6 XY‡;>&‡(*),6i\52UT.+.F,25(*+O;>&t-*69(x+.&,/<816E2U-76E-N+.& …-*SRAj-76EJS,6E&r(N-*(76943-9]‘fg)R6
\52UT.+.F325(*+O;>&†F,25(*2n258*6b-76ETO6E/<(76EF P 8*;>=(*)R6M(7812U+.&,+.&,[F,25(*2nS3-*+.&R[(*),6 S AB;J;U(*-*(781254Ry
4j+.&R7[ TR2UTO[U;U81+O(*)3= z}|—~€] ‹,SR8*(*),6981=?;U8*6U…R(*)R6dAj2U/*XJy€4,8*;U4325[>25(*+O;>&u2UTO[U;U81+O(*)3= +q-‘4,8*;5y
/<696EF,6EF P ;U802M=2˜R+.=MS3=œ; P ¢ *„*Y694B;c/1),-9]  -L2i8*6E-*S,T.(V; P F,+IHB698*6E&r(-7(7;U4m/<8@+O(76981+.2
(*),6n&R69(DC;U8*Xc-b=2El"(7698@=+.&,25(76m+.&{F,+IHB698*6E&J(i/<;>&c„3[>S,8125(*+O;>&,-9]tfg),6n+.=?4j2U/<(Y;>&
(*),6Y4,8*6EF,+q/<(*+O;>&,-‘+.-Œ6<˜c4B6E/<(76EFt(7;`AB6a8125(*)R698e-*=2UT.T ]
•
” œ ž^™—š ®›:œ Ÿ
™ ›:œ • :ž š ©› ™ fN)R6x;>S,(743SR(0\2UT.S,6E- P ;U8Œ(*)R6FHF IŠ-0+q&`(*),+q-/@),254,(7698g258*6d&R;U81=`2UT.+Oo96EF
+q&G(*)R6Y-*2U=?6YC‘2Elt2U-Œ(*),6Y+.&R43SR(0\52UT.SR6E- G jy€(7812U&3- P ;U8@=25(*+O;>& M …,Cx),+.TO6a+.&G/1),2543(7698
gd(*)R6g;>SR(743S,(V\2UT.S,6E-Ÿ258*6N-*/92UT.6EF?(7;Y(*)R6NF,;>=2U+.&‡z *c ! ~€]Lfg)3+.-V+.-V&R6E/<6E-*-1258*lbCN)R6E&
2d-1+O[>=?;>+.FM(7812U&,- P 698 P S,&,/<(*+O;>&b+.&:(*)R6‘;>SR(743S,( &,;KFR6‘+.- S,-76EF‹]Žfg)3+.- F,+IHB698*6E&,/<6‘),2U2U&k6<Hw6E/<(M;>&"(*)R6`/<;>=43SR(76EF P ;U8iAB;U(*){=69(*)R;KF3-9…‹A3SR(Y+.(Y),2U-i&R;‡+q=?432U/<(
;>&k(*)R64B6981/<6E&J(*25[U6E-Y; P 4,8*6EF3+./<(*+O;>&,-d+.&s(*),6`/<;U8*8*6E/<(:F,+O8*6E/<(*+O;>&‹]?%D(i+q-a4w;>-1-*+OA3TO6
(7;n-*/92UTO6Y(*)R6WXY,-‘A32U/*XG(7;`2`-*/92UTO6i+.&GCx),+./1)t2`/<;>=?432581+.-*;>&t/92U&‡AB6Y=2UFR6U]
žE—Q œ ™ ™' % &k(*),+.-M/1),254,(7698b2ˆ&R69C FHFHI +.-iA3S,+.T.( P ;U8M6E2U/1)h; P (*)R6t„| ƒ„…‡C06969XKF32Elc-M; P
!ˆ‡„‡„ƒK]N% &u/1),254,(769
8 g;>&R6M&R69(DC;U81X‡+.-g(7812U+q&R6EF P ;U8x69\U698*l‡-1SRA3-76EKSR6E&J(gC6969XcF,2ƒlU]
‹,;U8d(*)R6:&,6<˜K(aF,2El†(*)R6M&R69(DC;U81Xu+.-x(7812U+.&R6EFu25[>2U+.&^…BA3SR(x(*)R6:(*+.=?6<y€CN+.&3FR;ƒC ),2U=;ƒ\U6EF:;>&R6‘F,2ElU] fg),+.-Z254,4,8*;>2U/@)M+q&r(78*;cF,S,/<6E-Z/<;>&r(*+q&JS,+.(WlY+.&i(*)R6=?69(*),;KF^…CN),+q/1)
+q- 6<˜K4B6E/<(76EF?(7;dAB6‘4B;>-*+O(*+O\U6‘CN+O(*):8*6E-*4w6E/<( (7;Y(*+q=?6Œ-76981+O6E-V2U&,2UT.lK-*+q-9]Zfg),6‘+q=?432U/<(
; P (*),+.-iF3+IHw69816E&,/<6`+.-M6<˜K4B6E/<(76EFp(7;uAB6n8125(*)R698b-*=2UT.T …ZAB6E/92US,-76m(*)R6n=2˜R+.=:S,=
&KS,=MAB698; P 694B;c/1)m(*),25(0(*)R6 F FHI‹-0+.&n(*),+.-0/1),2543(7698‘25816e(78@2U+.&R6EFm+.-L8@25(*)R698ŒT.258*[U6U]
™˜ŸŽ— žE—Ÿ ›*) ™—
ikj7l j
v:un €yHu
gf )R6Y¢*NFHFHI"=?;cFR6ET.-‘(*),25(g)32E\U6iAB696E&G(7812U+q&R6EFt),2E\U6i(7;AB6a/<;>=MA3+.&,6EFG(7; P ;U8@=‚2/<;>TIy
TO6E/<(*+O\U6x=?;KF,6ET ] x-*+q&R[d(*),+.-Ÿ=;KFR6ET,4,8*6EF,+./<(*+.;>&,-V/92U&AB6g=2UFR6NA32U-76EF;>& !Š*Y4,816E/<6EF,+.&R[
\52UT.SR6E-9]‘fg)R698*6M258*6i(*)R81696i=?69(*)R;cF,-g(7;m=25XU6i(*)3+.-g/<;>=MA3+.&,25(*+O;>&‹ 0¢ J J„¨E¤QJ HL 1 ¨E¤QJ
¢¤*3 =¢¦¢¤*.ЍE¤QJ
™  E ” :ž fg)R6a2E\U698@25[U6i+.&,F,+.\K+.F3S,2UTK[U6E&R69812UT.+OoE25(*+.;>&n69818*;U8E…R+ ]}6U]V(*)R6e[U6E&R69812UT.+.oE25(*+O;>&
69818*;U8NC06MCx+.T.TB[U69(N;>&ˆ2E\U698@25[U6:Cx)R6E&‡C06MFR6E/9+qFR6Y(7;`4B698 P ;U81=‚;>&3TOlG;>&R6i81S3&^]% (
-*698*\U6E-N2U-x2?8*6 P 698*6E&,/<6dCN+O(*)GCx),+./1)‡(*)R6d;U(*)R698x=69(*)R;KF3-‘CN+.T.TwAB6Y/<;>=?43258*6EF‹]
('2' ™ ' fg)R62E\U698@25[U6`; P (*)R6?4,8*6EF,+q/<(*+O;>&,-e; P ¢ * P 696EFcy P ;U8*C‘2581F"&R69(DC;U8*Xc-i+q-a(*25XU6E&
(7;`4,8*;cF,S,/<6Y2U&t6E&,-*6E=iA3T.6d;>SR(743SR(9]
”Z•p– ™ ' fg),6?Aw6E-*(d; P ¢ * P 696EFcy P ;U8*C‘2581F{&R69(DC;U8*Xc-i+q-d/1)R;>-76E&‹…ŠA32U-76EF{;>&"(*)R6?AB6E-7(
438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&3-?=2UFR6‡;>& (*)R6†F,25(*2p+.&(*)R6†=;KFR6ETq+.&R[s43),2U-76U]fg),+.-?&,69(WC0;U8*X+.(*25XU6E&ˆ2U-Œ(*)R6i69\U6E&r(*S,2UTZ=?;cFR6ET ]
:ž:™ Q™ ™ ' “liC02ƒlY; P AB;J;U(*-7(78@254,43+.&R[Œ438*;K/<6EF3SR8*6E-Š2U&M6E-7(*+.=`25(76; P (*)R604B698 P ;U81=2U&,/<6
; P 6E2U/1)†; P (*)R6d&R69(DC;U8*Xc-Œ;>&t&R69CF,25(*2?+q-0=`2UFR6U]Ÿ“‘2U-76EFt;>&m(*)R6E-76d6E-7(*+q=25(76E-g2
C06E+O[>)J(x+.-N2U-*-*+O[>&R6EF‡(7;`6E2U/1)ˆ&R69(DC;U8*Xw…jS3-*+.&R[KS,2UFR8125(*+q/a4,8*;U[U812U==`+.&R[R…RCN),+q/1)
;U43(*+.=+Oo96E-‘(*)R6aC06E+O[>)J(76EF‡2E\U698125[U6M; P (*)R6d6E-*(*+.=25(76EFt4,816EF,+./<(*+O;>&,-E]Žfg),6e6E&3-76E=by
AjTO6d;>SR(743SR(g+q-‘(*)R6YC06E+O[>)r(76EF†2E\U698125[U6:; P (*)R6M¢ *&R69(DC;U81XK-9]
fg),6Y=?6E2U& t; P 2UT.TŠ„| ƒ„…(*+.=?6E-N¢ * F FHI‹-N+.3- gK] ƒ„‡K]0fN),+.-‘\52UT.SR6Y),2U-ŒAB696E&‡-1/92UTO6EF
A32U/1Xm(7;`(*)R6i-*/92UTO6d; P (*)R6i;U81+O[>+.&,2UTBF,25(*2c]
fg),6x8*6E-1S,TO(*-Ÿ; P (*)R6aA325[U[>+.&R[R…KA3S,=?4j+.&R[R…r2U&,FmA32UTq2U&,/9+.&R[i=69(*)R;KF3- P ;U8‘/<;>=iA3+q&,+.&R[
(*)R6Y438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&3-; P (*)R6M¢ *`&R69(WC0;U8*Xc-N258*6Y6<˜c4,8*6E-1-76EF‡+.&G(*)R6d816ET.25(*+O\U6iFR6E/<816E2U-76Y; P (*)R6
mCN+O(*)m8*6E-74B6E/<(‘(7;b(*)R6 XYm; P (*)R6Y¢ *?-76943258@25(76d4,8*6EF,+./<(*+.;>&,-9] “6E/92US3-76Y(*),+.-\52UT.SR6
),2U-NAw696E&†/<;>=?43SR(76EF P ;U8x6E2U/1)u; P (*)R6M„| ƒ„…-*6ETO6E/<(76EF†C06969XcF,2Elc-9…w(*)R6i=?6E2U&†\2UT.S,6i2U&,F
(*)R6i-*(*2U&,F,2581FtFR69\c+.25(*+O;>&†258*6d8*694B;U8*(76EF^]
)¤ Š¢¨©¬ HL 1 ¨E¤QJe+.-L2YS3& P 2U+.8L=?69(*)R;cF^…rCx)R698*6g(*)R6e2U/<(*S,2UT,\52UT.SR6N; P (*)R6x/<;>&,/<698@&R6EF
C06969XKF,2ƒlU…c(7;iFR69(76981=+q&R6g2 P (76981C02581F`CN),+./@)b;>&R6g; P (*)R6x¢ *i&R69(WC0;U8*Xc-ŸC0;>S,T.F),2ƒ\U6NAB696E&
(*)R6YAB6E-7(g/@)R;>+./<6U]LfN)R6d8*6E-*S,T.(*-‘; P (*)3+.-Œ-7(78125(769[Ul‡258*6d81694w;U81(76EF P ;U8x/<;>=?432581+.-*;>&^]
•"” žfš E› ™
’
('2' ™'
™
— œ ('—  — œ — fŸˆ— ›2)
„ƒ„…
G„g
…*
Gƒ
…„‡
G
…
G !ˆg
g„g
G
& œ| M
| M
U¢ M
¡U
¡ M
Ÿ 
š•˜— ’?”Z•p– ™ '
’ :ž:™ "™ ™'
™ ) Eœ ’b”Ž•p– ™ '
M
%'&b(*)R6N&R6<˜c(V(*25A3TO6E-V(*),6N&JS3=iAB698Ÿ2U&,Fb4B6981/<6E&J(*25[U6E-L; P /<;U8*8*6E/<(L;U8LCg8*;>&,[e438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&b; P
+.&,/<816E2U-76i;U8aFR6E/<8*6E2U-76:; P (*)R6:-7(7;K/1X‡4,81+q/<6i258*6i[>+.\U6E&^]gfg)R6M8*;ƒCN-e+.&,F3+./925(76d(*)R6b2U/<(*S,2UT
F,+O816E/<(*+O;>&,-9…U(*)R6g/<;>TqS,=&,- +.&,F3+./925(76‘(*)R6g2U/9/<;U81F,+.&,[d4,8*6EF,+./<(76EF?F3+O8*6E/<(*+O;>&,-E] cSRAj-76EJS,6E&r(
;UA3-76981\25(*+O;>&3-LCN)3+./1)n8*6E=2U+.&,6EF`(*)R6a-*2U=?6 G &R;b+.&,/<8*6E2U-*6U…K&R;bFR6E/<8*6E2U-*6 M 25816x[>+O\U6E&G+.&m2
-76943258@25(76Y8*;ƒCi]
('*' ™ '
FR6E/<8*6E2U-76Y438*6EF,+./<(76EF +.&,/<8*6E2U-*6d4,8*6EF,+./<(76EF
FR6E/<8*6E2U-76
|U| G g M
‡ G …* M
&R;/1),2U&,[U6
¢ G | M
! ƒ M
+.&,/<8*6E2U-76
¡r¢ G ! M
‡¡ G …„ƒ M
G
”Z•p– ™ ' FR6E/<8*6E2U-*6Y4,8*6EF,+q/<(76EF +.&3/<8*6E2U-76d4,8*6EF3+./<(76EF
FR6E/<816E2U-76
…„ƒ !<
¡ M
ƒU¢ |U¢ M
G
&R;/@),2U&R[U6
‡ … M
!ˆ… G ¢ M
G
+.&3/<8*6E2U-76
¡ G !ˆg M
‡U| G …U¢ M
G
:ž:™ Q™ ™ ' FR6E/<816E2U-76Y4,8*6EF3+./<(76EF +q&,/<8*6E2U-76d4,816EF,+./<(76EF
FR6E/<8*6E2U-*6
„| ‡ !„! M
5| G | M
G
&R;/@),2U&R[U6
!Š* ¡ !E| ¢ M
+.&,/<816E2U-76
¡r¢ G G ! M M
‡¡ G …„ƒ M
G
,x6<˜K(M(*25A3TO6`-*),;ƒCN-i(*)R6(7;U(*2UT0&JS,=MAB698Y; P /<;U8*8*6E/<(:2U&,F{CN8*;>&R[t4,8*6EF3+./<(76EF{F,+O816E/<(*+O;>&,2U&,F (*)R6u&KS,=MAw698n; P S,&,FR6<„w&R6EF/1)32U&R[U6E-G+.&F,+O816E/<(*+O;>&^] % P 2hF,+O8*6E/<(*+.;>&+.-`F,6<„j&R6EF
Cg8*;>&,[?CN)R6E&
!#"
$%'&)(*( +,&(*
(!#"
.-0/
/ P ]i(*)R62'1 ; Um/9+.2UT4‰3 ­¯)°:±©²FR6<„j&3+O(*+O;>& …w(*)R6E&"2UT.TŽ4,8*6EF3+./<(*+O;>&,-xCN)R698*6 5G !#"
768/ 258*6M/<;>&3-*+.FR698*6EF S /<;UM 8*8*6E/<(TO]afg)R6M8*6E-*S,T.(*-g; P (*),+q-N254,4,81;>2U/1)s258*6
[>+O\U6E&‡+q&G(*)R6iT.2U-7(g/<;>TqS,=&^]
/<;U818*6E/<(xF,+.8*6E/<(*+O;>& Cg8*;>&R[F,+.8*6E/<(*+O;>& S3&,FR6<„j&R6EF ­¯°±©²
('*' ™'
!„!ˆƒ ¡U
¡ M
!E|¡ ¡
M
|U| G g M !ˆ…„g G ¢„… M
G
G
”Ž•k– ™'
!E„| g ¡ ‡ M
!„!E| ¡ … M
|U| G g M !E¢* G ¢ M
:ž:™ "™ ™'
!E„| … G ¡ M
!„! G ¡r¢ M
|U| G g M !<¡r¢ G ¢U¢ M
G
G
‹ +O[>SR8*6Eh
- ‡K] !‡(7†; ‡K] …"-*)R;—C‚(*)R6t;>SR(743S,(*- P ;U8?6E2U/@); P (*)R6t(*)R8*696‡=69(*)R;KF3-9]‰% &‰6E2U/@)
„3[>SR816n(*)R6t2U/<(*S,2UTŒ-*(7;K/1Xh+.-:-*)R;—CN&‰2U-bC6ETqT P ;U8?/<;>=?432581+q-7;>&^]{fg)R6G)R;U81+.o9;>&r(*2UT‘2˜R+.-*)R;—CN-‘(*)R6Y„| ƒ„…:C06969XKF,2ƒlK-gAw69(DC696E§& *!ŽŒ*!ŽŒ‡„ƒn2U&,F‰*!ŽŒ*!ŽŒ‡J…B2U&,Fm(*)R6a\U698*(*+./92UT^2˜R+.-*)R;—CN-Œ(*)R6i\2UT.S,6E-‘(*),25(gC0698*6Y4,8*6EF3+./<(76EFGAJlG6E2U/@)‡; P (*)R6YF,+.-1/9S,-*-76EFt=?69(*),;KF,-E]
•
™˜ŸŽ— žE—Ÿ ›*) ™—
” œ ž^™—š ®›:œ Ÿ
Bagging method 95% confidence interval boundaries
110
observed
lower bound
upper bound
105
100
95
value
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
0
50
100
150
200
day (0 = 01/01/96, 263 = 01/01/97)
250
300
!#"%$'&!
%()!*
Bumping method
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
value
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
0
50
100
150
200
day (0 = 01/01/96, 263 = 01/01/97)
+,-./0124356.-7.,-89!:.0#;=<?>!/A@).BC7,D-
250
300
™”
V› ™ ž Ÿ ©› ™
Balancing method
110
observed
predicted
105
100
95
value
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
0
50
100
150
200
day (0 = 01/01/96, 263 = 01/01/97)
250
300
=!#"=$?&!
%(! !* *
("!# &%$ (** '&(&") " $'&!
$*$ ( #" " C&!(!*
" +&(&") " $ &*"-, +./10 32 * "("1 &* 4 #!" #* 4 !*5,1 #!" 4.+/607 &*"-, ()8! ("!9 &%$ (** :&(&() " &!
" &" $> ? &*"-, #*"1$ ( &!$ * ;&!
<" &(, #"=$ &!F
%& $C
1, & #"" !#* * HG"I &J ! LK* @BA>CBDE
,
1
&* &!$ ""& < " $C&!
- $C &!
!* !* NMO !OIP ? &*"-, " 4
&(&") "&!>
$ +
G & ( ( %$'&!
A&
%
&"#" !*
P
•
™˜ŸŽ— žE—Ÿ ›*) ™—
” œ ž^™—š ®›:œ Ÿ
$ ! #
fg)R69816Y258*6i2?&KS,=iAB698Œ; P (*),+.&,[>-‘(*),25(N/92U&‡AB6Y+.=4,8*;ƒ\U6EF‹
2ˆc4w4369256E8@Fm2UT.; TOP6ETŸ(*)R\U6d698@4,-*+O8*;>;U&^[U]8@2U=tRe69]Ÿ4Bfg6E&,)RF,6a+.4,&R8*[u;U[U;>8@&h2U=‚(*)R6t/92U&J&GS,Aw=M6dAB-7694B8i69;6EPFR6E4,Ft8*;cS,/<4m6E-*AK-7ln;U81+q-:=?AB436ETO+.6E&R=?[†6E&JS3(*-7+.6E&RF^[ …
(*),6Y4,8*;U[U812U= /92U&‡AB6d-74B696EFR6EF‡SR4‡/<;>&,-1+.FR698125A3T.lU]
-1)R6E;>2US,F,T.+.Fs&R["=F,25XU256(*2 +O(aP 8*6E;>2U=-*+.692"8d(7F,;‡25(*S,25-7A36?2U-*F,6‡25(*+.2 &,-7P (78*6E;>2U=vFhF,; P+IHB8*696E8*2U6EF,&r+.(d&R/<[ˆ;>=?(*)R4j6E2U= &,+OP6E8*-9;>… = P ;U8d„jTO6<6U˜c]p2U=fg43),TO+.6 Cx)R6E&‡S,-*+q&R[?(*)R6iTO6E2UF,6987y P ;>TqTO;ƒC0698N(76E/@),&,+.KSR6U]fN),+.-Œ/<;>S,T.F‡Aw6YF,;>&R6YAKlm6E=MAB6EFcy
F,6EF ,]
%'/@=?),2U43&RT.[>6E=?+.&,6E[s&r(*-*+q;>&R=?[ˆ6G2s43[U258@81252U43=?),69+.(7/9692U81T‘-b+.&JCx(7+.69T.8T0P 2UF,/<+O8*6 6E/<P ;U(*TO8?l"(*AB)R6G6‡FRS369-743698E+./<…Ÿ(7CN6EF‰),69+.8*&‰6G-7(*;>)R=6‡6m+.H& [UOj8@S,25436E&,),/<+./n6n;U; 8 P
=;ƒ\c+.&R[?(*SRAB6d[U812543)‹]
efN),-*+.+.&,-d["=?(*;c)RFR6‡6ETV8*6E6<-*˜cS34,TO(?8*6E; -*-*P 6E(*-Y),(*6†)R6`-7(7;c/@),/*X2U&,4,/<816m+q/<256t(M4,TO;>8*-*6E-iF,+.+./<&"(*+.;>;>&R&6`+.&-1+.&R2 [>TO 6b¢„\5¦:2Uª T.SR ¢„6U ;]nO¬fN¨6),t+.-a=?\5;c2UFRT.6ESRT 6 ]
-1)R;>S,T.F )R6ETO4 +q&r\U6E-7(*=6E&r(G/<;>=?432U&,+.6E-n+.& FR6E/9+.F,+q&R["CN)R69(*)R698m(7;‰+.&r\U6E-*(m+.& 2U&
6E&J(7698*4,8@+.-76‡;U8G&R;U(9] fg),+q-?+.&,F,+./925(*+.;>&-*)R;>S,TqFAB6‡A32U-76EF ;>& =?;U8*6 P 2U/<(7;U8@-n; P
+qH& OjSR6E&,/<6d(*)32U&‡;>&,TOlG(*)R6M-7(7;K/1X‡4,81+q/<6U^] ‹R;U8e6<˜R2U=?43TO6U…j(*)R6Y;ƒ\[email protected]Š6E/<;>&,;>=il‡; P
(*),6Y/<;>S,&r(781lm-*),;>S,T.FnAw6d/<;>&,-1+.FR698*6EF^…R2U-ŒC06ET.TB2U-Œ(*)R6d438*69\K+.;>S,-04,8*;5„3(0;U8NTO;>-*-‘; P
(*),6Y6<˜c2U=`+.&R6EFG6E&J(7698*4,81+.-*6U]
‹,F3;U258Œ81F (*)RF 6aFH4,I 8*;U-7A3696ETO6E=?= 6EF‰; P (7-7;"(7;c4B/*69Xn8 P 4,;U8181+.= /<6e[U4,;J8*;c6EF‰F3+./<6E(*&R+O;>;>&SR[>;>)‹&G]{2bfg-*),)R+.;U-:81(+.-:(769(*81)R= 6G8*A36E2U2U-1-7+.;>-9…K&‰(*)R(*),6d25-7(b(*2UC0&c6 y
F3+.Fk&R;U(M4,8*;U[U812U= ;U8b8*6E-76E2581/@)h(*)R6`;U(*)R698b;U4,(*+.;>&,-9]t% P …V)R;—C69\U698E…L(*)R6`8*6E-1S,TO(*; P (*)R6?4,816EF,+./<(*+O;>&s(*SR8@&u;>S,(Y(7;tAB6S,&,-*25(*+.- P 2U/<(7;U8*lU…Z-7;>=?6?; P (*)R62UTO(76981&325(*+O\U6E438*;U4B;>-76EFt+.&t/1)3254,(7698e|?/<;>S3T.FtAB6a(781+O6EF^]
¢„…
”š” œ—
®›:œ
 QS
šQš
] _\3W
X[`[`[U`
%'&(*),+.--76E/<(*+O;>&mF,+O8*6E/<(*+.;>&,- P ;U8S,-1+.&R[Y(*)R6x4,8*;U[U812U= CN+.T.T,Aw6N[>+O\U6E&^]Ÿfg)R6N4,8*;U[U812U= /92U&
AB6Y/92UT.TO6EFGAKlG(WlK43+.&R[ & ]Vfg)R6d4,8*;U[U8@2U=&,2U=?6Y),2U-g(7;`AB6 P ;>T.T.;ƒC06EFtAJlw
P2`;U8‡T.+.-76<(‘˜R; 2UP =?;U434,TO(*6U+O…;>&, - & 8!#"
// /%$ " '&)( *,+ /%$ // ")* .0/!1324.5366" & &(7$98/- 1.24:5#66+"
;U8
(*P ;U),8g6i6<&,˜R2U2U=?=?6d43;TO6UP …;2? &A325(*/@)t „jT.6e<#Cx),+.,/1& )t/<;>&J(*2U+.&,-N(*)R6d;U4,(*+O;>&3fg)R6E-*6d4w;>-1-*+OA3+.Tq+O(*+O6E-ŸCx+.T.TwAB6aF3+.-*/9S,-*-*6EFt+.&G(*)R6 P ;>T.TO;—CN+.&R[b-76E/<(*+O;>&,-E]
fg)R6:4,8*;U[U8@2U=)32U-a(7;mAB6b/92UT.TO6EF P 8*;>=(*)R6:F3+O8*6E/<(7;U8*l‡Cx)R698*6b2UT.TZ„jTO6E-xCN+O(*)ˆ(*)R6bF,25(*2
-769(*-N8*6E-*+.FR6U]
=
j7lj>l
>rqy/@7s˜~u
gf )R6a4,81;U[U812U=‚/92U&GAB6e8@S,&`AKln/92UTqT.+.&R[ & P ;>T.TO;ƒC06EFGAKln2b&JS3=iAB698‘; P ;U4,(*+.;>&,-9…
CN),+q/1)t),2ƒ\U6i(7;`=?6969(NCN+O(*)t-7;>=?6M/<;>&,F,+O(*+O;>&3-9
? - (Dž C) A69@6E&†fg=y !5)Rd] *`6:=?2U&3;>F =?!56Ed] &J* (*S,;U=(*)R(769698*81Cx= +.-76Y; P 2UAj&t2U69/*8*XJ81y€;U4,8g8*;UCN43+.25T.Tw[>AB25(*6d+O;>[U&‹6E]e&R69fg8125),(76Y6EF \2U]TqSR6M=:S,-7(eT.+O6YAB6<y
M
G
? ™ - .™ 4BB‹69™ 8 žEP —;UŸ:81@ =t]ŸfgfN)R)R6‘6d=&J2S,˜R=M+.=MABS3698Œ= ; &KP S,/<=MlK/9ABTO6E69-x8Z=M; P S3T.6E-7(Œ2581AB&,6d+.&R[U[e8*6E/<25lK(7/969T.8N6E- (*),(*),2U25&‡( o9(*69)R8*6Œ;R]&R69(WC0;U8*XM-1)R;>S,T.F
?  -  F,—6EžT. 2EBlt@ =:S,fg-7)R(Œ6MABF,6d6E[UT.8*2E6El‡25(7AB69698N(DC(*)3692U6E&s&to9(*)R698*6b;RT.] 2U-7(a+.&R4jSR(g\52UT.SR6M2U&3Fu(*),6M4,816EF,+./<(*+O;>&^]xfg)R6
?DC - šCx• +O(*œ )ŸŽ•E2U@ &‰fg698*)R8*;U6e8?(*)RAB8*6E6ETO-*;—)RC‚;>Tq(*Fn)R(76t;?(*-7)R(78*;U6E4†-*),(7;>81T.2UF^+.&,…Ÿ+.(*&,)R[R6E]Z&‰% P (78@(*2U)R+.6d&,+.&R&R69[s(DC/9;U2U81&XnAB4,6t81;K-7F,(7S3;U/<4,6E4B-L6E;>F^SR]h(74jfgSR)R(*6(*),8*6E-*)R;>T.Ft-1)R;>S,T.FmAB6d[U8*6E25(7698e(*),2U&to9698*;R]
? — - — *cš d]A*n@ 2U&,fg¡F )R!Š6Y*„TO*„6E* 258@&,;U+.(*&R)R[?698*81CN25(7+.6M-*6Y; 2UP &tA32U698*/*8*XJ;Uy€4,8g8*Cx;U43+.T.25Tw[>AB256e(*+.[U;>6E&^&,]Œ6981fg25)R(76E6YF \52U] T.SR6Y=:S,-7(NTq+O6dAB69(WC0696E&
M
G
¢U¢
C ^› ™ ”Z•
f
—™«š š E› ™
? ) L81+.7( &J6E(Y-*(x(*)R-76`69(9„j] &,2UTV4B698 P ;U81=2U&,/<6`; P (*)R6n&R69(DC;U81X{;>&k(*),6nTO6E2581&3+.&R[‡-769(:2U&,F{;>&p(*)R6
? - ) ™ • —;@ Z698 P ;U81= ;>&,T.l{2u438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&kA32U-76EFh;>&h(*)R6m\2UT.S,6E-M+.& P &,2U=?6U]sfg)R6
?•
?
?
?•
?™
,& 69(WC0;U8*X"CN+.T.T &R;U(iAw6?(78@2U+.&R6EF";U8M(76E-7(76EF^]m%D(i+q-d8*6EKS,+O8*6EFs(7;‡6E&J(7698b2‡&R69(WC0;U8*X
„wTO6E&,2U=?6b(7;K;R…‹AB6E/92US,-76b(*)R6?4,8*6EF3+./<(*+O;>&ˆ/92U&";>&,TOl‡AB6?FR;>&R6b;>&"2G(7812U+q&R6EFs&R69('y
C0;U8*Xw]
- ” ™ šŽŸ:@ fN)R6Ÿ&JS3=iAB698^; P ),+.F,F,6E&dS,&,+O(*-B; P (*)R6Ÿ&R69(DC;U81Xj]Vfg)R6Ÿ&KS,=MAB698^; P )3+.F,FR6E&
S3&,+O(*-Œ/92U&†+qH& OjSR6E&,/<6a(*)R6d4B698 P ;U81=2U&3/<6Y2U&,F‡TO6E2581&3+.&R[b-74B696EFt; P (*),6i&R69(WC0;U8*Xw]
Ÿ81+q&r(Œ(*)R6Y+q&,+O(*+.2UTw4B698 P ;U81=2U&,/<6d; P (*)R6i&R69(DC;U81Xj]
- ” ™ šŽŸ:@ fg)R6d&JS3=iAB698‘; P +.&,43SR(S3&,+O(*-9]Vfg),+q-+.-0(*)R6Y&KS,=MAB698; P \2UTqSR6E-0(*),25(Œ(*)R6
&,69(WC0;U8*Xt-*)R;>S,T.Fm(*25XU6Y(7;`4,8*6EF,+./<(Œ-7;>=6d\2UT.S,6a+q&G(*)R6 P S,(*SR8*6U] % P …,)R;—C69\U698E…j(*)R6
&KS,=MAB698:; P TO6E2581&,+q&R[†„wTO6E-b+.-:[U8*6E25(7698`(*),2U&h;>&R6U…(*)R6t4,8*;U[U8@2U=CN+.T.TL(*25XU6‡(*)R6
&KS,=MAB698; P „wTO6E-L2U-‘&KS,=iAB6980; P +.&R43S,(*-9]ŽfN),+.-L+q-L(7;:6E&,25A3TO6x(*)R6e4,8*;U[U812U= (7;bS,-76
(*),6iTO6E2UFR6987y P ;>T.TO;—C698N(76E/1),&,+qJSR6U]
- ž9@ fg)R6N=?6E2U&G-*KS,258*6EF`698*8*;U8;>&`CN)3+./1)`A32U/*XJy€4,8*;U4325[>25(*+.;>&nCx+.T.TR(76981=`+.&,25(76U]
% P &R;t=?6E2U&{-*KS,258*6EFs698*81;U8i+.-a6E&J(7698*6EF^…Š(*),6?4,8*;U[U812U=vCN+qT.TŠ4B698 P ;U81=Q-7(*2U&3F,2581F
Aj2U/*XJy€4,8*;U4325[>25(*+O;>&?2U&3FiCN+qT.TU(76981=+q&,25(76LCN),6E&i(*)R60=2˜R+.=MS3= &KS,=MAw698Z; P /<lc/9TO6E+q-Œ8*6E2U/1),6EF^]
- ) ™ • —@ fg),6t„jTO6E&,2U=6†; P -7;>=?6ˆ(7812U+.&,6EF &R69(DC;U8*Xw] fg),+.-/92U&AB6uS3-76EF P ;U8
438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&G;>&3TOlU…R;U8N+O(g/92U&†Aw6d(78@2U+.&R6EFt25[>2U+.&^]
Ÿ81+.&J(g(*)R6M4B698 P ;U8@=2U&,/<6Y; P (*)R6:&R69(WC0;U8*X†2 P (7698e69\U698*l‡(76E&‡Aj2U/*XJy€4,8*;U4325[>25(*+O;>&s/<lJy
/9T.6E-9]
L81+.&J(Œ2UT.TB4,8*;U[U812U= \258@+.25A3TO6E-‘CN+.(*)G;U4,(*+O;>&^]
S3&t(*)R6d4,8*;U[U8@2U=-*+.TO6E&J(*TOl G &R;`=?6E-*-125[U6E-NF,SR8@+.&R[:(7812U+.&,+.&,[ M ]
- ” ™ šŸ:@ fg)R6&KS,=MAB698Y; P ),+.F,FR6E&"S3&,+O(*-d+.&{2U&{;U4,(*+O;>&,2UT-76E/<;>&,Fk)3+.F,FR6E&sT.2ƒlU698E]
,x;U81=2UTqTOlU… (*)R6n&R69(DC;U81Xk),2U-M;>&R6n),+qF,FR6E&{T.2ƒlU698E…VA3SR(M2†-76E/<;>&,F‰),+qF,FR6E&"T.2ƒlU698
/92U&†AB6Y/<8*6E25(76EF^]
- ŸY •p– žE—;@ ,xS3=iAB698b; P -12U=?43TO6E-:(7;"(7812U+.&‰(*),6‡&R69(WC0;U8*Xw…+ ]}6U]h(*)R6‡-*+Oo96G; P (*)R6
T.6E2581&,+.&R[?-769(9]
Ÿ81+.&J(‘(*)R–6 ’ gy€(*+q=?6d(*),25(g(*)R6i4,8*;U[U812U=S3-76EF^]
- • ™ @ fg)R6YTO;—C698NAw;>S3&,F P ;U8N812U&,FR;>=[U6E&R698@25(7;U8x; P C6E+.[>)r(*-9]
- • @ fg)R6tSR434w698bAB;>S,&,F P ;U8?812U&,FR;>=[U6E&,698125(7;U8`; P C6E+.[>)r(*-9]fg),6‡+.&,+O(*+.2UT
\52UT.SR6E-g; P (*),6dC6E+O[>)J(*-gCx+.T.TBT.+O6aAB69(WC0696E& - =`+.& @ 2U&,F - =`2˜ @ ]
S3&‡2?-*+.=:S,T.25(*+O;>&G; P (*)R6iTq2U-7(ŒlU6E258E]
? –
? &
?
?Ÿ
?
?”
?”
?
?B
G” ™)™ ™ ' š•˜— – œ› ' œ •
fg)R6 P ;>T.TO;—CN+.&R[b;U4,(*+.;>&,-Œ258*6i=2U&3F,25(7;U8*lw
? ž - ) ™ AK l‡• (*)R—6E@+.8e /< ;U8*81_a6E&,-74B6V;>„j&,TOF,6E&,+.&R2U[=F,6 6EP T.;>2ET.lcT.;ƒ-aC02U6E&,FYFuAK-*lY69432g25FR816E25T.(72ƒ6ElUFˆ…;UAJ8 lu2g/<T.;>+q-7=(^;=P H2 „jT TO-96E]a&,fg2U=)R6E6E-7- 6bP ;>25Tq8*TO6:;ƒC0(*6E)RF 6
„wTO6E-Œ;>&tCN)3+./1)G(*)R6M&R69(WC0;U8*XGCN+.T.TjAB6d(7812U+.&R6EF G (*)R6YTO6E2581&G„wTO6E- M ]
? › - ) ™CN 81+O• (7(7—;6E&^@ ] fg)R6a„wTO6E&,2U=?6d; P (*)R6d„wTO6a(7;`CN),+q/1)G(*)R6Y438*6EF,+./<(76EFt\52UT.SR6E-N-*)R;>S,T.FGAB6
? š - ) ™AKl‡• (*)R—;6E@+.8e /<;U8*81_d6E-7&R4B6 ;>„j&,TOF,6E+.&,&R2U[=F,6 6EP T.;>2ET.lcT.;ƒ-aC02U6E&,FdFuAJ-*la69432g25FR816E25Tq(72E6ElUFˆ…;UAJ8Šlu2g/<T.;>+.-*=(j=; P H2 „jT -9TO6E]a&3fg2U=?)R6E6E-7- 6bP ;>25Tq8*TO6:;ƒC0(*6E)RF 6
„wTO6E-e;>&uCx),+./1)u(*)R6?&R69(DC;U8*XuCN+.T.TŠAB6M(76E-7(76EF‹]ifg)R6b&JS3=iAB698e; P (76E-7(a„jTO6E-e=:S,-7(
AB6t6EKS,2UTŒ(7;p(*)R6‡&JS3=iAB698; P TO6E2581&‰„wTO6E-9]fg)R69l‰=:S,-7(AB6t4,8*6E-*6E&r(76EF(7;p(*)R6
438*;U[U812U=+.&G(*),6i-*2U=?6Y;U8@FR698N2U&,Ft=:S,-7(N)32E\U6Y(*)R6M-*2U=?6iFR6ETq2ElU]
=
j7lj>
‰|«y/C { ^€7v
 &R;U(*)R6984B;>-*-*+.A3+.T.+O(Dl P ;U88@S,&,&,+.&,[†(*)R6t4,81;U[U812U= +.-b(7;k/92UT.T & P ;>TqTO;ƒC06EF‰AJl
2uA325(*/1)h„jT.6U]ufg),+q-Y„jT.6n/<;>&J(*2U+.&,-b2UT.T;U4,(*+O;>&,-:F,+.-*/9S3-*-76EFk+q&k-*SRAj-76E/<(*+O;>&  ]!5]!5]  &
6<˜R2U=?43TO6dA325(*/@)t„jT.6U
&(* 6 (
* ( * 6 " /
3/6 " /
//
/
0/
6 "
3& &868/%$ /"
&*;*& A 6 /
,6 /%$ "
/ ,6 / $ ( * 68/
,+*/
6 "
+ * ( * 68
/%$ /+"
++ ( * 6 /%$ / "
* #0/ ,+ .6 / $ /
//+"
/
.6 1324.5366"
&( ,6 &( $ 8/
# # + 6 505
6 - .1324.5#66"
>[ +O\U6Y2?Tq+.-7(0; P /<;U8*816E-74B;>&,FR6E&,/<6E-‘AB69(WC0696E&t(*)R6YS3-76EFG;U4,(*+O;>&t&,2U=6E-g2U&,F
(*)R&6Y(;U*43 (*+O ;>&,-‘[>yW)+O\U6E- &uS,+.&3&t+O(*-*- SR@ A3-*6E/<(*+O;>&  ]!5]!5]
* (* y€% - S,&,+O(*- @
3/ yW/ - /<lc/9TO6E- @
yWF - FR6ETq2El @
0/
3& & y R - (*)R81-1) @
&*;*&A ;>&R6d;U8x=;U8*6d; P ; P y P …RyW+ …cy€4‹…cy Ž…RyWj…RyWfd…,y€l
(*),+.-‘8*6E-1S,TO(*-Œ+.&t2&KS,=MAB698 G -7696i&R6<˜c(g(*25A3TO6 M
"6YCN+qT.Tj&,;ƒC
C ^› ™ ”Z•
—™«š š E› ™
y€6 - 69(*2 @
yW2 - 2UT P 2 @
yW- - S,&3+O(*- @
y - -*2U=43TO6 @
yWS - =+q& @
y - =2˜ @
yW= - \52UT @
yWT - P &,2U=?6 @ dF
y€; - P &,2U=?6 @
yW& - P &,2U=?6 @
y€( - P &,2U=?6 @ dF
fg)R6XT};U4,(*+O;>&3-T„36ET.Fb=MS3-7(V/<;>&r(*2U+.&?2e\52UT.SR6U] ,N6<˜c(V(*25A3TO6‘4,81;ƒ\c+.FR6E-Ž(*)R6‘4B;>-*-*+OA3T.6L\52UT.SR6EP ;U8Y(*)R6 T};U4,(*+O;>&,Y- TB„36ET.F^…^(7;U[U69(*)R698MCN+O(*)s(*)R6E+.8a=6E2U&,+.&R[>-9]bfZ;‡[U69(i2t/<;>=MA3+.&,25(*+O;>&s; P
(*)R6E-76i;U4,(*+O;>&,-9…R;>&,6Y),2U-g(7;`2UF3FG(*)R6Y\52UT.SR6E- P ;U8g(*)R6YFR6E-1+O8*6EFG;U4,(*+O;>&3-9]
\2UT.S,6 =?6E2U&3+.&R[
| L81+.&J(g(*)R6i4B698 P ;U81=2U&3/<6i; P (*)R6:&R69(WC0;U8*X†2 P (7698a69\U698*l‡(76E&uA32U/*XJy€4,8*;U4325[>25(*+.;>&
/<lc/9TO6E-9] y€4
¡ L81+.&J(0(*),G 6i+.M&,+O(*+q2UT34B698 P ;U81=2U&,/<6d; P (*)R6i&,69(WC0;U8*Xj] G yW+ M
g L81+.&J(d(*)R6?„j&,2UT 4B698 P ;U81=2U&3/<6?; P (*)R6`&R69(DC;U8*Xs;>&k(*)R6`TO6E2581&3+.&R[‡-769(i2U&3F";>&
(*)R6d(76E-*(N-769(9] G y P M
…U| L81+.&J(0(*),–
6 ’ Ny€(*+.=?6d(*)325(g(*)R6d4,8*;U[U8@2U=S,-76EF^] G yWf M
!E„| g
S,&G(*)R6d4,8*;U[U8@2U= -*+.T.6E&r(*TOl &R;`=?6E-*-125[U6E-NF,SR8@+.&R[:(7812U+.&,+.&,[ M ] G yW M
|U„¢ ƒ L81+.&J(‘2UTqTB4,8*;U[U812U=‚\52581+.25AjTO6EG-‘CN+O(*)G;U4,(*+.;>&^] G y M
¢ !E| S,&t2-*+.=:S,T.25(*+.;>&n; P (*)R6YTq2U-7(ŒlU6E258E] y€l M
G
š :™  œ šŽ— ™ •)™ ” —
‹R;U8Y(*),6b-*(*2U&,F,2581Fs(76E/@),&,+.KSR6bC6?&R696EFs;>&3TOl†;>&R6:„jT.6 P ;U8d(*)R6TO6E2581&3+.&R[n-*69(Y2U&,Fs;>&R6
„jTO6 P ;U8L(*),6g(76E-7(*+.&R[M-769(9]Ÿfg)R6‘„jT.6E&,2U=?6E-Ÿ; P (*)R6xF,25(*2i-769(*-),2E\U6x(7;iAB6 P ;>T.TO;ƒC06EFAKl T WT
2U&,Fu2`FR6ET.2ƒlU]gfg)R6:FR6ET.2Elt+.-N(*)R6M&KS,=MAB698g; P F,2Elc-xAw69(DC696E&u6E2U/1)s+.&,43SR(Œ\52UT.SR6i+.&†(*)R6
-*2U=?4jTO6E-9] ‹,;U8i6<˜R2U=?43TO6U… + P (*)R6`FR6ET.2ƒl"+.-d;>&R6U…Ž(*)R6E&k-1SRA3-76EKSR6E&J(YF,2Elc-YCN+qT.TŽAw6nS,-76EF
P ;U8x/<;>&,-7(78@S,/<(*+.&R[(*),6i+.&R43S,(Œ\U6E/<(7;U8E]Œ%D(x+.-N+.=4w;U81(*2U&r(Œ(*),25(x(*)R6MF,6ET.2ElG; P (*)R6i(76E-*(*+.&R[
-769(g6EKS,2UT.-g(*)R6YFR6ET.2ƒlm; P (*)R6iT.6E2581&,+.&R[b-769(9]
 &{6<˜R2U=?43TO6; P 2†A325(*/1)k„jTO6Cx),+./1)k/<;>&r(*2U+.&3-Y(*)R6n;U4,(*+O;>&,- P ;U8:(*)R6`-7(*2U&,F32581F{(76E/@)cy
&,+.KSR6U
/ ( * ,+*/
+ * ( * ++ ( * * #0/ + /
&( # # + &(* 6 (
* ( * 6 " /
3/6 " /
//
/
0/
6 "
3& &868/%$ /"
&*;*& A 6 /
,6 /%$ "
/ ,6 / $ ( * 68/
C š Ÿˆ— šŸ
,+*/
6"
+ *( * 68
/%$ /+"
++( * 6 /%$ / "
* #0/ ,+ .6 / $ /
//+"
/
.6 1324.5366"
&( ,6 &( $ 8/
# # + 6 505
6 - .1324.5#66"
(
™ ”—
‹R;U80(*)R6xT.6E2UFR698 Œ P ;>T.TO;ƒC06980(76E/1),&,+qJSR6NC6e&R696EF`=:S,TO(*+O4jTO6‘„jTO6E- P ;U80(*)R6NTO6E2581&3+.&R[Y-769(‘2U&,F
=:S,TO(*+O43T.6i„jT.6 P ;U8Y(*)R6`(76E-7(*+.&R[‡-769(9]`% P (*)R6TO6E2UFR698AŒ P ;>T.T.;ƒC0698Y(76E/1),&3+.JS,6+.-dS,-76EF^…Š(*)R6E&
(*)R6N„381-7(V„wTO6Œ; P (*)R6xTq+.-7(Ÿ+.-Ÿ/<;>&3-*+.FR698*6EF`(7;iAB6g(*)R6x;>&R6g(*),25(‘),2U-L(7;iAB6g4,8*6EF3+./<(76EF^] fg)R6
„jTO6E&32U=?6E-d; P (*)R6`F,25(*2u-769(*-:),2E\U6n(7;†AB6 P ;>TqTO;ƒC06EF{AKl T 9TZ2U&,F{2†FR6ET.2ElU]Gfg)R6nFR6ET.2El
(*),25(a+.-N+q&,F,+./925(76EFu+.-g(*)R6 P ;>S,&,F†&KS,=MAB698N; P F,2ƒlK-eAB69(WC0696E&s2U&u+.&3/<8*6E2U-76 ŒFR6E/<8*6E2U-*6:; P
2?TO6E2UFR698g2U&3FG(*)R6a8*6E2U/<(*+O;>&t; P (*)R6 P ;>TqTO;ƒC0698E]V% (g+.-Œ+.=?4B;U8*(*2U&J((*)325(Œ(*)R6YFR6ET.2ƒlK-‘; P (*)R6
(76E-7(*+.&,[-769(*-g6EKS,2UT^(*)R6MFR6ET.2Elc-Œ; P (*)R6iTO6E258@&,+.&R[?-769(*- P ;U8g6E2U/@)t„jT.6U]
 &"6<˜c2U=43TO6?; P 2tA325(*/@)"„jTO6?Cx),+./1)"/<;>&J(*2U+.&,-i(*)R6;U4,(*+.;>&,- P ;U8Y(*)R6`TO6E2UF,698 Œ P ;>TqTO;ƒC0698
(76E/1)3&,+.KSR6U
—Q  — œH)7› ž ž ›‘ — œ šŽ— •)™ &(* 6 (
* ( * 6 " /
3/6 " /
//
/
0/
6 "
3& &868/%$ /"
&*;*& A 6 /
,6 " $ /
/ ,6 / $ ( * 68/
,+*/
6(/
+ * ( * 68
/%$ /+"
++ ( * 6 /%$ / "
* #0/ ,+ .6 / $ /
//+"
/
.6 1.24:5#66+" 51.6 " 6
51.66" 501.6 6+" 51.6(6"
5 0136 "6" 5 0136 6 50136 60 501.66"
&( ,6 &( $ 8/
# # + 6 505
6 - .1324.5#66" - :5 0136 "6 - '5 0136 6" - .5 1:6 6+" - :5 0136 (
6 - :5 1.6 "6+" - :5 #136 6 - .5 136 60 - '5 1.6 6"
Q \^]«\ k ]
gf )R6i4,8*;U[U812U=)32U-g(7;`AB6Y/92UT.T.6EF P 8*;>=‚(*)R6iF3+O8*6E/<(7;U8*lGCN)R69816Y2UT.TB„jTO6E-E…,CN),+./@)‡/<;>&J(*2U+.&
(*)R6mF,25(*2u-*69(*-9… 8*6E-*+.FR6U]‡›2U/1)‰T.+.&,6?; P (*)R6mF325(*2†-769(b=MS3-7(M/<;>&J(*2U+.&h2uF,25(76nAB69(WC0696E&
KSR;U(*25(*+O;>&"=258*Xc-9… P ;>T.TO;ƒC06EFsAKlu2m\2UTqSR6M;U8 1 G ;U( 1 \52U+.T.25A3T.6 M ]Yfg)R6bF,25(762U&,Fˆ(*)R6
C ^› ™ ”Z•
—™«š š E› ™
\52UT.SR6g258*6N-*6943258125(76EF?AKl?2d/<;>==2c…c2U&,Fb;>&,TOl:;>&R6gF,2ƒl:4B698ŸT.+q&R6Œ+.-Ÿ2UT.TO;—C6EF‹]Žfg),6gF,25(76
),2U-0(*)R6 P ;>TqTO;ƒCN+q&R[ P ;U81=25(9 3UF,«F Œ== Œ—lKl 3M;U8 3UF,FcyW==?y€lJl 3c]Vfg),25(Œ+.-9…J(WC0;?4w;>-1+O(*+O;>&,P ;U8d(*)R6?F,2ElU…‹(DC;t4B;>-*+.(*+O;>&,- P ;U8d(*)R6?=?;>&J(*)^…‹2U&,Fˆ(DC;t4B;>-*+O(*+.;>&,- P ;U8d(*)R6blU6E258E]:fg)R6
\52UT.SR6a=2El`/<;>&J(*2U+.&t2M4B;>+.&r(9…KA3SR(0&R69\U698g2:/<;>==2c]Lfg),6N4,8*;U[U8@2U= F,6E=2U&,F,-(*),25(Œ2UT.T
T.+.&,6E-L/<;>&J(*2U+.&t-*SRA3-*6EJSR6E&J(F325(76E-9…c6<˜c/<694,( P ;U8‘(*)R6aC6969XU6E&,F3-Cx),+./1)m=2ƒl`AB6x-7Xc+O4,4B6EF^]
fg),+q-Œ=?6E2U&,-Œ(*),25(N6E2U/1)†Tq+.&R6d),2U-Œ(*)R6 P ;>T.T.;ƒCN+.&,[ P ;U81=25(9
+#+ (*),+.-ŒF,2ƒ*l T -N\2UTqSR6 fg)R6YF,25(76i2U&3Ft\2UTqSR6a; P (*),6i+.&,FR6<˜
,+#+ (*),+.-ŒF,2ƒ*l T -N\2UTqSR6 fg)R6YF,25(76i2U&3Ft\2UTqSR6a; P (*),6i+.&,FR6<˜
fg)R6uF,25(*2p-*69(m=2ƒlAB6†4,8*6E/<6EF,6EFAKl2U&rl P ;U81=; P /<;>==?6E&J(9…N4,8*;—\K+qFR6EF(*),25(m(*)R6
-76E/<;>&,F‡4w;>-1+O(*+O;>&G; P (*)R6iT.+.&,6a+q-Œ&R;U(N2&KS,=MAw698ƒ]
fg)R6MF,25(*2-769(*-e/92U&‡AB6Y8*69(78@+O69\U6EF P 8*;>=(*),6 Ra25(*2 K(78*6E2U=4,8*;—\K+.F,698E] ± I}±B6E-76E2581/@)
),2U-02MF3+.-*)`2U&J(76E&,&,2MCN),+q/1)438*;ƒ\c+.FR6E-L8*6E2UTIy€(*+.=?6aF,25(*2c…c(*),25( P ;U8‘-76E/9SR8@+O(Wl?8*6E2U-*;>&,-9…R258*6
4,8*6E-*6E&r(76EF P ;U8‘(76E-7(Œ43SR8*4B;>-76E-CN+O(*)m2bFR6ET.2ƒl`; P !E¢:=+q&JSR(76E-E] fN)R6 P ;U81=25(‘; P (*)R6dF,25(*2
-769(*-MCN),+./@)k258*6n4,8*;—\K+.F,6EF"AJl Ra25(*2 K(78*6E2U= +q-i254,4,81;U4,81+.25(76 P ;U8M;>S,8i4,8*;U[U8@2U=t]tfg)R6
F,25(*2-*69(*-g4,8*;—\K+qFR6EFGAJl Ra25(*2 K(78*6E2U=),2E\U6M(*)R6 P ;>T.TO;ƒCx+.&R[ P ;U8@=25(9
,++
&,2U=?6d; P 6E&J(7698*4,81+q-76 ‹R;U8x8*6E/<;U[>&,+OoE+q&R[?(*)R6Y/<;>=?432U&Jl
/<;cFR6 P ;U8g6E&r(769814,81+.-76 fg),6Y/<;KFR6 P ;U8g8*69(78@+O69\K+q&R[?(*)R6YF,25(*2
& /9SR8*816E&,/<l
fg),6Y/9SR8*8*6E&,/<ln; P (*)R6d\2UTqSR6E
(
0
+
+
*
(
,
)
.
+
Œ
3
F
E
2
l
T
g
5
\
U
2
.
T
R
S
6
fg),6YF,25(76i2U&,FG\52UT.SR6d; P (*)R6Y+.&3FR6<˜
fg)R6a„wTO6E-‘CN),+./@)t258*6Y4,81;ƒ\c+.FR6EFGAKl aR 25(*2K(78*6E2U=),2ƒ\U6i(*)R6 P ;>T.TO;—CN+.&R[ P ;U81=25(9
+ 0- $
& " " 0"
(
5
/ +" 01
/ " / +" 01
/3( / +" ( %$ "
/0" / +" ( %$ #(
/ / +" ( %$ / / +" ( %$ 3(
/ / +" ( %$ /#(
"
" / +" ( %$ "
" / +" ( %$ "
" / +" ( %$ ( " ( / +" ( %$ (0(
" " / +" ( %$ #(
fg),+q- P ;U81=25(‡+.-G-*S3+O(*25A3TO6 P ;U8t(*)R6s4,81;U[U812U=t] fg),6u„j81-7(m(*)R8*696"T.+.&R6E-mCN+qT.Tg(*)R6E& AB6
-7Xc+O4,4B6EFmAJlm(*)R6Y438*;U[U812U=t]_e8N(*)R6YS,-7698N/<;>S3T.FtFR6ETO69(76Y(*),6d„381-7(‘(*)R81696iT.+.&R6E-E]
0 z ! ~,]„cN698*(7oU…  ]
Y8*;U[>)^…>2U&,F ]:] 2UT.=?698E]¤ ¬ 5Y3M7.Ž ¨;5„¤ 5V E¥ª˜¥ª45¬95 Vª‘¬ ¢¦
5ML 1 £¢H ¨;5¤3]  F,F,+.-*;>&cy "6E-*TO69lU… !ˆ‡„‡!5]
z}|—~:fY] cx6E-7XU6E-9]w“‘2UT.2U&,/9+.&R[aAB69(WC0696E&?A325[U[>+q&R[d2U&,FbA3S,=?4j+.&R[R]K% &®ap]Ha†;Uo9698E…‘ak]>;U87y
F32U&^…^2U&,Fsfd] Z69(*-1/1)R6U…‹6EF3+O(7;U81-9… 03 ¢¤ .ª 6[¨E¤–ª ¬ ¢¦¤ 5„¬:Lh¢„ ¨5¤ ¬=5Y.ª 6 6 ¨©¤QJ
6A 7ª LW65«… ’Œ2U=iA,8@+.FR[U6U… !ˆ‡„‡„ƒK] au%'f Ÿ8*6E-1-9]
z …—~:fYq] cN6E-7XU6E-E] L812U/<(*+./92UTg/<;>&R„jFR6E&,/<6‡2U&,F‰438*6EF,+./<(*+O;>&‰+.&J(7698*\52UT.-9]h% & ap] >;U81F,2U&
apd] au;Uo9698Ÿ2U&,Fbfd] Ž69(*-*/@)R6U…r6EF,+.(7;U81-9… 3 ¢¤*. ª 6 ¨©¤ Vª¬6¢¦¤ 5¬ Lh¢„ ¨;5„¤!t¬ 5 .ª 6:6:
¨E¤QJ V6 7ªLW65«
… ’‘2U=MA,81+qFR[U6U… !ˆ‡„‡„ƒK«] au% f Ÿ8*6E-*-E]
z ¡5~  ] cN;K69XK-*(7812c… ap]  "] d812U2U+ '\U6ET.F‹… R:]5FR6 +.F,F,698E…2U&3F d] ‹0] c/1),=`+.FR(9#] ˜¥ª 5MLW
1 ¦ªˆ 7ª %$'&)(+*,-.-&)(N] Re6ET P ( x&3+O\U6981-*+O(Dls; P fŠ6E/@),&R;>TO;U[UlU…Ÿfg),6 ,N69(*),6987y
Tq2U&,F,-9… !ˆ‡„‡K]
z}¢—~  ] % \525XK),&,6E&RXU;R] Ž;>TOlc&R;>=+.2UTB(*)R69;U81lm; P /<;>=?43T.6<˜t-*lK-7(76E=`-9]Ÿ%'/& )0%0%01f¬6¢„¤76:
¢".ˆ ¨5¤76 5¤ V6 7ª LW6 32¡¢¤¢¤*3 =ªA¬ ¤«ªˆ ¨;.654 2 <7698;: =<?>@87A<7BDC>]w_a/<(7;UAB698
!ˆ‡‘!5]
z ƒ—[~ ’a] U;>&R[U6E&R696ET€E] ,x6ESR812UTO6&R69(DC6981XU6E&k\U6981-1T.2U2U&k)R69(dA38*6E+.&s\52U&kFR6?AB6ESR81-12U&,2UT.+.-7(9]
E®ªGF(5¦ 6 ¬ ¢¤: …B|?&R;ƒ\U6E=MAB69V8 !ˆ‡„‡„ƒK]
z ƒ–~ apH] d6E&3F,2UT.TB2U&,/F ,I] ?]j_e81F^] ¨Lbª 6ŠªA¬ ¨£ª 6@]›LFRC‘2581F  81&R;>T.F^… !ˆ‡„‡*c]
z g—–~ apd] cM] eŠ2U=?698@-9«] aˆS,TO(*+q-*/92UTO6Œ+.=25[U6N-*69[>=?6E&r(*25(*+.;>&CN+O(*) P 696EF P ;U8*C‘2581F&R6ESR8@2UTR&R69('y
C0;U8*Xc-9q] aˆ2U-7(769Y8 T -x(*)R6E-*+.-9… x(78*6E/@)r( x&,+.\U6981-*+O(DlU…j_a/<(7;UAB69z8 !ˆ‡„‡„…K]
z ‡—~ b]U_e;>-*(7698*;>=t]cfg+.=?60-76981+O6E-Z4,8*6EF,+q/<(*+O;>&iS,-1+.&R[N-*+q=?43TO6V8*6E/9S,8*8*6E&J(Z&R69(DC;U8*Xc-9] aˆ2U-'y
(7698 T -g(*)R6E-*+q-9… N(78*6E/@)r( x&3+O\U6981-*+O(DlU…  SR[>S,-7( !ˆ‡„‡¡R]
z !Š*~ d] cM] Ÿ8*6E-1-9
… w]  ]>fŠ6ESRXU;>Tq-7XJlU… ] fd"] JV69(7(7698@T.+.&R[R…,…J2U&,F?“e] Z]‹ŽTq2U&,&R698*lU] HLbªA¬ ¨.=¢„¦K$3ª4.ˆ¨ 1 ª 6R¨©¤ '˜¥ª.J¬A D5 .ˆ¨ªŠ¤: ¨ LG. 5ML 1 ¨E¤QJ>q
] ’Œ2U=iA,8@+.FR[U6 x&,+.\U6981-*+O(Dl
L8*6E-*-9… !ˆ‡„‡U|K]
z !„! ~ J:] 25;t2U&,F ci] 25;R] NM=M Vª‘¬ ¢¦–ªŠ ;8D5¬ 6h¢¤*3PO Q5QRS& 54JH¨;.E] a†% w Ÿ816E-*-9…
!ˆ‡„‡U¢K]
z !E|—~ ,]^\2U&kFR69T8 JaT.SR[U(9]`fg),6?[U8*;>SR4k=?69(*),;KFs; P -7(7;c/*Xs4,81+q/<6?4,8*6EF,+./<(*+.;>&^[] au2U-7(7698 T (*),6E-*+.-9(… Re6ET P (gfŠ6E/@),&,+./92UT x&,+.\U6981-*+O(DlU2… Re6E/<6E=iAB69V8 !ˆ‡„‡¡R]
z !ˆ…—~ Ž] R:] {2U-*-*6981=2U&^] 03 ¢„¤*.ª 3!2 ªŠ E¥H5Y3V6¨E¤U–ª ¬ ¢¦ 5 L 1  ¨E¤QJUV] JŸ2U& ,N;>-7(78@2U&,F
6E+.&,)R;>TqF^«… !ˆ‡„‡„…K]
ƒ!
C ^› ™ ”Z•
B
—™«š š E› ™
z !<¡5~ Ž] ] {25(7698E…Ž›N] R]dcM] d6981/1XK)R;5H^-9…Š2U&3F ci] d;U434w6ETq2U258E]V‹ +.&,2U&3/9+.2UT =?;KF,6ET.-d2U&,F
4j2518 2UT.TO6ETZ2UTO[U;U81+O(*),=`-9…^+.=?432U/<(e4,8*;U[U8*6E-1-x81694w;U81(x&R;R] !5]YfZ6E/1),&,+q/92UTZ81694w;U81(9… Re6ET P (
fZ6E/1)3&,+./92UT e&,+O\U6981-1+O(WlU… !ˆ‡„‡J]