TABLE 91. Importance of trade secrets for R&D-active and non-R&D-active companies, by industry: 2009
(Percent)
R&D-active companiesa
All companies
Industry and company size
All industries
Manufacturing industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implements
Semiconductor machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment
Other machinery
Computer and electronic products
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and
nautical system and instruments
Other measuring and controlling instruments
Computer and peripheral equipment and other computer and
electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
NAICS code
Very
important
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
31–33
311
312
313–316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
3345
334510, 334517
6
17
23
10
12
5
11
7
19
47
46
43
38
66
41
42
19
12
20
11
20
17
70
13
20
40
44
39
42
44
Somewhat
Not
important important
8
14
18
21
11
9
19
9
17
17
17
12
7
14
25
16
18
13
17
10
22
19
11
18
22
19
26
16
19
17
86
68
58
69
77
86
71
83
64
36
37
45
55
20
35
42
63
75
64
80
59
64
19
69
58
40
30
45
39
39
Very
important
41
44
52
33
22
26
43
33
51
67
69
58
64
73
68
61
39
24
33
35
39
39
79
45
38
55
55
59
54
65
Non-R&D-active companies
Somewhat
Not
important important
23
24
24
25
25
30
27
25
13
14
14
17
12
10
18
15
21
27
26
19
32
17
8
35
33
23
29
20
21
27
37
32
25
42
52
44
30
43
36
20
17
25
24
16
14
24
40
49
41
47
29
44
13
20
29
22
15
21
24
9
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not
important
5
9
14
7
9
3
4
5
5
21
21
1
17
39
20
15
11
10
18
6
11
5
D
D
11
22
17
25
15
D
7
11
17
20
7
7
17
8
18
20
21
1
4
28
30
17
17
11
15
8
17
20
D
D
17
15
17
12
14
D
88
80
70
73
84
90
79
87
76
59
58
1
80
33
50
68
72
79
67
85
72
75
45
87
72
63
67
63
70
80
334511
58
10
32
70
12
18
D
D
79
other 3345
39
21
40
50
22
28
15
18
67
3341, 3343, 3346
36
24
41
48
25
27
24
23
54
335
336
3361–3363
3364
336411–336413
336414, 336415, 336419
36
21
17
36
36
40
16
14
14
15
14
26
48
65
70
50
50
34
59
39
28
52
51
D
20
23
28
19
19
D
21
38
44
29
30
17
15
12
12
7
7
D
12
8
8
7
6
D
74
80
80
85
87
50
TABLE 91. Importance of trade secrets for R&D-active and non-R&D-active companies, by industry: 2009
(Percent)
R&D-active companiesa
All companies
Industry and company size
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank components
Other transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing industries
Mining, extraction, and support activities
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
Other retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Data processing, hosting, and related services
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific R&D services
Biotechnology R&D
Physical, engineering, and life sciences (except biotechnology) R&D
Social sciences and humanities R&D
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
All companies
Small companies (number of domestic employees)b
5–499
5–99
5–49
5–24
NAICS code
Very
important
Somewhat
Not
important important
Very
important
336992
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
33
23
4
23
24
22
0
12
7
18
18
19
67
64
89
59
58
59
34
48
16
44
50
41
0
13
21
35
32
36
21–23, 42–81
21
22
23
42
44, 45
4541
other 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
5111
5112
517
518
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
541711
541712
541720
other 54
621–623
55, 56, 61, 624, 71, 72, 81
5
6
12
4
9
5
11
5
3
21
27
13
51
23
30
11
8
1
10
9
33
46
50
53
6
6
2
5
7
3
4
5
12
8
15
8
3
17
18
13
27
12
25
13
12
10
11
13
18
17
17
18
11
9
2
7
87
91
84
92
79
87
75
88
94
62
55
74
22
65
45
76
80
89
78
79
49
37
33
29
83
85
96
88
38
48
42
45
58
6
D
4
1
49
52
19
57
76
50
24
63
43
37
29
50
50
49
54
7
22
43
5
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
6
8
86
–
–
–
–
6
6
6
5
8
8
7
7
86
86
87
87
Non-R&D-active companies
Somewhat
Not
important important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not
important
66
39
62
21
18
23
32
14
2
11
11
12
0
12
5
10
11
9
68
74
93
79
78
79
21
31
31
24
8
5
49
2
1
27
27
45
25
13
31
30
14
16
20
26
25
18
17
20
7
12
2
32
41
21
27
31
35
89
D
93
1
24
21
36
18
12
20
46
23
41
43
45
25
32
34
26
86
66
56
63
5
6
9
4
9
5
11
5
3
11
13
12
18
9
20
8
8
1
7
6
23
30
D
D
D
5
1
5
7
3
1
5
12
8
14
8
3
13
13
10
40
11
22
10
12
10
10
11
14
12
D
D
D
9
2
7
88
91
90
92
79
87
75
88
94
76
74
78
42
80
58
81
81
89
84
84
63
58
20
44
82
86
96
88
41
23
37
5
7
88
40
39
39
38
23
23
22
21
37
38
40
41
5
5
5
4
7
7
7
7
88
88
88
89
TABLE 91. Importance of trade secrets for R&D-active and non-R&D-active companies, by industry: 2009
(Percent)
R&D-active companiesa
All companies
Industry and company size
25–49
50–99
100–249
250–499
Medium and large companies (number of domestic employees)
500–999
1,000–4,999
5,000–9,999
10,000–24,999
25,000 or more
D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies.
NAICS code
Very
important
Somewhat
Not
important important
Very
important
–
–
–
–
9
8
13
17
9
11
14
8
83
81
73
75
42
42
47
47
22
28
21
26
–
–
–
–
–
18
25
35
59
54
17
15
11
15
13
65
60
54
26
33
46
58
67
80
81
31
22
13
16
14
Non-R&D-active companies
Somewhat
Not
important important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not
important
36
30
31
27
7
5
9
12
8
10
13
5
86
85
78
83
23
20
1
4
5
10
17
9
29
30
14
13
9
13
13
76
71
82
58
57
NAICS = 2007 North American Industry Classification System.
a
b
Statistics are representative of companies located in United States that performed or funded R&D.
Upper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of small business; Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for
sampling was assigned.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2009.