TABLE 29. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D scientists and engineers and their managers, by highest academic degree, industry, and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Worldwide
Industry and company size
All industries
Manufacturing industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implements
Semiconductor machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment
Other machinery
Computer and electronic products
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control
instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation
apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance,
aeronautical, and nautical system and instruments
Other measuring and controlling instruments
Computer and peripheral equipment and other
computer and electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
Domestic
Foreign
NAICS code
Total
Doctoratea
Other
college
degree
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
31–33
311
312
313–316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
1,301
816
9
3
5
2
9
1
5
145
15
3
4
99
14
11
14
6
3
18
58
9
7
5
37
314
63
126
167
111
1
*
1
*
1
*
1
44
6
1
1
31
2
3
1
1
1
*
6
*
1
1
3
29
3
13
956
589
6
2
4
1
3
1
4
86
8
2
2
56
11
6
11
5
2
14
45
7
5
3
29
232
48
95
3345
69
8i
55 i
7i
56
6
45
5
334510, 334517
20
3i
15 i
2i
15
2
11
1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
Other
education
178
116
2
*
*
1
5
*
1
14
1
*
*
12
*
1
1
*
*
3
7
1
1
1
4
53
13
18
Total
i
i
i
i
i
i
987
597
7
2
2
2
6
1
4i
111
11
2
3i
78
9
8
9
5
2
16
43
6
5
4
28
223
44
84
Doctoratea
Other
college
degree
Other
education
Total
Doctoratea
138
88
1
*
*
*
1
*
1
36
5
1
1
25
2
3
1
1
*
*
4
*
1
1
2
21
2
10
719
424
5
1
2
1
3
1
3
66
6
2
2
45
7
5
7
4
2
12
34
5
4
3
23
164
31
63
131
84
1
*
*
1
2
*
*
10
1
*
*
8
*
1
1
*
*
3
5
*
1
1
3
38
12
12
314
220
2
1
2
*
3
*
1
33
4
*
1
21
5
2
5
1
*
2
14
3
2
1
9
90
19
42
29
23
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
8
1
*
*
5
1
1
*
*
*
*
2
*
*
*
1
8
1
4
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
14
5i
Other
college
degree
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
237
165
2
*
2
*
*
*
1
20
2
*
*
11
5
1
4
1
*
2
10
2
2
*
6
68
17
32
Other
education
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
47
32
1
*
*
*
3
*
*
5
*
*
*
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
2
1
*
*
1
15
2
6
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
2i
10 i
2i
1i
4i
1i
334511
27
2i
23 i
3i
26 i
1i
22 i
3i
1i
*i
1i
*i
other 3345
22
3
17
2
15
2
11
1
7
1i
5i
1i
3341, 3343, 3346
55
5i
35 i
15 i
39
4i
26 i
9i
16
1i
9i
6i
335
336
3361–3363
3364
336411–336413
23
168
81
85
79
2
19 i
3
16 i
15 i
2
17
5
11 i
11 i
15
118
46
69
64
1i
16
2
14 i
13 i
12
87
41
45
41
1i
14
3
10 i
10 i
8
51
35
15
15
1i
3
1
2
2
6i
45
32
13
13
1i
3
2
1
1
18
132
73
57
54
TABLE 29. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D scientists and engineers and their managers, by highest academic degree, industry, and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Worldwide
Industry and company size
Doctoratea
Domestic
Other
college
degree
NAICS code
Total
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank components
Other transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
336414, 336415, 336419
336992
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
5
*
3
3
33
20
13
2i
*
*
*
4
3
1
3
*
2
2
21
12
9
Nonmanufacturing industries
Mining, extraction, and support activities
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
Other retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory
publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Internet service providers, Web search portals, and
data processing services
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific R&D services
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
21–23, 42–81
21
22
23
42
44, 45
4541
other 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
485
4
1
1
9
6
4
1
2
244
182
56
1
*i
*
1
*
0
*
*i
17
15
367
3
*
1
6
5
4
1
1
194
143
All companies
Small companies (number of domestic employees)b
5–499
5–99
5–49
5–24
25–49
Other
education
Total
Doctoratea
*i
*
1
1
8
4
3
5
*
2
3
27
17
10
2
*
*
*
4
3
1
62
*
*i
*
2
*
*i
*
1
33
24
391
4
1
1i
8
4
3
1
1
182
126
49
1
*
*
1
*
0
*
*
13
11
Foreign
Other
college
degree
Other
education
3i
*
1
2i
18
10
8
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
295
2
*
1
5
4
3
1
*
145
98
i
i
i
i
i
i
Other
college
degree
Doctoratea
Total
*
*
1
*
6
4
2
*i
0
*
*
5
3
3
*i
0
0
*i
*
*
*
46
*
*
*
2
*
*
*
1
23
17
94
*
*
*i
1i
1
1
0
1i
63
55
6
*
*
0
*
0
0
0
*
4
4
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
Other
education
*i
0
*
*i
3
2
1
72
*
*
*
1
1
1
0
*
49
44
i
i
i
i
*i
0
0
*i
2
1
1
15
*
0
0
*
*
*
0
0
9
7
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
5111
1
*
1
*
1i
*i
1i
*i
*i
*i
*i
*i
5112
517
180
26 i
15
1i
142
23 i
24
2i
125
25 i
11
1i
98
22 i
17
2i
55
1i
4
*i
44
1i
7
*i
518
34
1i
27
6i
28 i
1i
23 i
4
6
*i
4i
2i
3
6
2
195
24
88
60
23
5
11 i
*i
*i
*i
32
2
7
19
4
2
1
2
4i
1
142
21
68
36
17
3
7i
*
2
*i
20
1
13
5
1
*
3i
*
*
*i
31
2
6
18
4
2
1
2
3
1i
123
20
54
33
17
3
7i
*
2
*i
15
1
9
4
1
*
3i
*
1i
*
26
1
19
5
1
*i
1
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
other 54
621–623
55, 56, 61, 624, 71, 72, 81
2
5
1
169
24
69
55
21
5
10
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
1,301
167
956
178
987
138
719
131
314
–
–
–
–
–
288
165
117
70
46
45
28
20
14
7
216
123
87
52
35
27
14
9
5
4
256
153
110
68
41
41
27
20
14
6
192
114
81
50
31
23
12
8
5
4
32
12
7
2
5
i
i
i
i
i
*
*
*
2
*
1
1
*
*
*
i
i
i
i
i
i
*
1
*
19
1
14
3
1
*
*
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
*
*
0
5
*
4
1
*
*
1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
29 i
237 i
47 i
4
1
*
*
*
24
9
6
2
4
4
1
1
*
1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
TABLE 29. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D scientists and engineers and their managers, by highest academic degree, industry, and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Worldwide
Industry and company size
NAICS code
Total
Doctoratea
Other
college
degree
Domestic
Total
Doctoratea
5
7
6
44
62
41
7
9
5
32
47
31
4
6
4
6
36
20
29
60
42
165
82
136
307
5
21
10 i
18
42
32
117
59
97
221
5
27
13
20
43
Other
education
50–99
–
48
8
36
100–249
–
74
11
56
250–499
–
49
6
38
Medium and large companies (number of domestic
employees)
500–999
–
53
6
40
1,000–4,999
–
231
27
167
5,000–9,999
–
121
13
89
10,000–24,999
–
198
24
145 i
25,000 or more
–
410
52 i
298
* = amount < 500 employees; i = value > 50% of estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to account for nonresponse.
Foreign
Other
college
degree
Other
education
Total
5i
12 i
8
10
66
39
62
104
Other
college
degree
Doctoratea
*i
2i
1i
1
6
3
5
10
i
i
i
i
Other
education
4i
9i
6i
1i
2i
1i
8
50 i
30 i
48 i
77
2
9i
6i
9i
17
NAICS = 2002 North American Industry Classification System.
a
Includes EngD, ScD; excludes MD, JD, and EdD.
b
Upper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of small business; Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees. After
2008 BRDIS sample was selected and surveyed, an error was identified that resulted in excluding 226,884 single-establishment companies with five paid employees from sample frame. Most excluded
establishments were classified in industries with low R&D intensities, such as construction, retail trade, and service sectors. Based on available information for these small single-establishment companies, their
contribution to 2008 R&D estimates is estimated to be negligible.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for
sampling was assigned. Statistics are representative of companies located in United States that performed or funded R&D.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2008.