TABLE 28. Worldwide R&D employment, by occupation, sex, industry, and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Engineers and their managers
Industry and company size
All industries
Manufacturing industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implements
Semiconductor machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment
Other machinery
Computer and electronic products
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control
instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation
apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical,
and nautical system and instruments
Other measuring and controlling instruments
Computer and peripheral equipment and other computer
and electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank components
NAICS code
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
31–33
311
312
313–316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
Total
Female
Scientists and their managers
Total
Male
Female
231
162
7
1
1
1
4
*
2
112
11
1
3
84
8
5
2
1
*
1
2
*
1
*
1
13
*
3
146
102
3
1
1
*
3
*
1
64
8
1
3
45
4
3
2
1
*
1
2
*
*
*
1
10
*
2
84
60
3
1
*
*
1
*
*
48
3
*
1
39
4
1
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
3
*
*
894
564
2
1
3
1
4
1
2i
24
3
1
*i
10
4
5
11
4i
2
16
50
8
6
4
32
260
54
108
177
90
1
*
1
*
1
*
1i
9
1
*
*i
5
2
1
1
1i
*
1
5
1
1
*
3
40
9
16
60
52 i
8
9i
7i
334510, 334517
17 i
14 i
3
3i
334511
other 3345
24 i
20
21 i
17
3i
2
3341, 3343, 3346
335
336
3361–3363
3364
336411–336413
336414, 336415, 336419
336992
53
20
161
77
82
77
5i
*
46
18
138
64
72
68
5i
*
7
2
23
13
10
9
*i
*
3345
1,070
654
3
1
4
1
6
1
3i
33
4
2
*i
15
6
6
12
5i
2
17
55
8
7
5
35
300
63
124
Male
Technicians and technologists
Total
Male
320
178
5
1
3
1
2
1
2i
43
9
2
2i
25
2
3
6
4
2
9
13
1
1
2
8
34
6i
12
228
133
3
1
2
1
1
*
1i
26
7
2
1i
13
1
2
5
4
2
8
11
1
1
2
7
26
4i
10
91
45
3
*
1
*
1
*
*
17
3
*
*
12
1
1
1
*
*
1
1
*
*
*
1
8
1
3
2i
12
9
2i
1i
3
4i
2
3i
2
1i
*
5i
4
1
3
7
5
3
2
*
*
1
2
6
4
2
2
*
*
*
1
1
1
1
1
*
0
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
4
6
34
15
18
16
1
*
Support staff (clerical and others)
Female
Total
Male
Female
245
148
3
*
3
1
1
1
*i
41
2
*
1i
35
2
1
3
2
3
5
7
1
1
1
5
39
11
8
126
77
2
*
1
*
*
1
*i
14
1
*
*i
12
*
*
2
1
2
4
5
*
1
1
4
20
7
5
119
72
2
*
2
*
*
*
*i
27
1
*
*i
24
1
1
1
*
1
1
2
*
*
*
2
19 i
4
4
3
13 i
4
10 i
2
1
3
1
2
4i
3
1i
1
8i
2
1i
1
7i
1
3
5
28
12
15
14
1i
*
1
1
6
3
3
3
*i
0
i
i
i
i
6
3
26
5
20
19
1
*
i
i
i
i
4
2
17
4
13
13
1
*
i
i
i
i
2
1
9i
2
7i
7i
*
*
TABLE 28. Worldwide R&D employment, by occupation, sex, industry, and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Engineers and their managers
Industry and company size
Other transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing industries
Mining, extraction, and support activities
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
Other retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Internet service providers, Web search portals, and data
processing services
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific R&D services
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
All companies
Small companies (number of domestic employees)a
5–499
5–99
5–49
5–24
25–49
50–99
100–249
250–499
Medium and large companies (number of domestic employees)
500–999
Scientists and their managers
Technicians and technologists
Support staff (clerical and others)
NAICS code
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
3
3
28
16
12
2
2
23
13
11
*
*
4
3
2
*
*
5
4
1
*
*
3
3
1
0
*
2
1
*
1
2
12
6
6
1
1
8
4
4
*
*
4
2
2
1
1
8
5
3
*
1
4
2
2
*
*
4
3
1
21–23, 42–81
21
22
23
42
44, 45
4541
other 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
5111
5112
517
416
4
1
1
7
6
4
1
2
234
173
1
172
25 i
329
3
*
1
6
4
3
1
1
183 i
137
1
136
22 i
87
*
*
*
1
1
1
*
1
51
36
*
36
4
69
1
*
*
2i
0
0
0
*
10
8
*
8
*i
45
*
*
*
1
0
0
0
*
8
7
*
7
*i
24
*
*
*
1i
0
0
0
*
2
1
*
1
*i
142
2
*
*
5
*
*
*
*
36
19
1
18
4
96
2
*i
*
4
*
*i
*
*
28
14
*
13
3i
46
*
*
*
2
*
*
*
*
8
5
*
5
1
97
1
*
4
3
*
*
*
*
23
17
*
17
1
50
*
*
4
2
*
*
0
*
15
11
*
11
1
47
*
*
1
1
*
*
*
*
8
6
*
6
*
518
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
other 54
621–623
55, 56, 61, 624, 71, 72, 81
33
2
6
1
147
20
82
27
17
1
7i
22
2
4
1
118
17
66
22
14
1
6i
11
*
2i
*
28
3
17
5
3
*
2i
1
*
*
*
48
4
5
34
5
4
4
1
*
*
*
30
3
4
19
4
3
2
*
*
*
*i
18
1
1
14
1
2
2
12
1
1
1
88
8
41
29
10
2
5
10
1
1i
*
57
6
32
12
7
*
3i
2
*
1i
*
31
2
9
17
3
2
2i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
2
3
1i
1
45
7
7
26
5
5
14
i
i
i
i
i
1
3
*i
*
18
4
4
9
1
*
9
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
1
1
1i
*
27
3
3
17
3
5
5
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
1,070
894
177
231
146
84
320
228
91
245
126
119
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
231
130
93
57
36
37
59
42
201
115
82
51
32
33
50
36
30
15
11
6
4
4
9
6
57
35
23
13
10
11
15
8
40
25
18
11
7
7
9
5
17
10
5
2
3
4
5
2
94
56
40
23
16
17
23
15
69
40
29
17
13
11
18
11
26
16
10
7
4
6
6
4
74
39
28
19
9
11
27
8
40
20
14
9
5
6
16
4
33
18
14
10
4
5
11
4
–
44
37
7
9
6
3
16
12
4
9
5
4
TABLE 28. Worldwide R&D employment, by occupation, sex, industry, and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Engineers and their managers
Industry and company size
1,000–4,999
5,000–9,999
10,000–24,999
25,000 or more
* = amount < 500 employees; i = > 50% of value imputed.
NAICS code
–
–
–
–
Total
196
99
147 i
353
Male
164
80
123 i
290 i
Female
33
19
24 i
64
Scientists and their managers
Total
Male
34
22
51
57
21
14
31
35
Female
14
9
20
22 i
Technicians and technologists
Total
Male
Female
49
37
49
75
34
24
36
54
15
12
13
21
Support staff (clerical and others)
Total
31
33
36
62 i
Male
16
17
15
33 i
Female
15
16
21
29 i
NAICS = 2002 North American Industry Classification System.
a
Upper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of small business; Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees. After 2008 BRDIS sample
was selected and surveyed, an error was identified that resulted in excluding 226,884 single-establishment companies with five paid employees from sample frame. Most excluded establishments were classified in industries with low
R&D intensities, such as construction, retail trade, and service sectors. Based on available information for these small single-establishment companies, their contribution to 2008 R&D estimates is estimated to be negligible.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for
sampling was assigned. Statistics are representative of companies located in United States that performed or funded R&D.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2008.