TABLE 27. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign all and R&D employment, by industry and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Worldwide employees
Industry and company size
All industries
Manufacturing industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implement
Semiconductor machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission
equipment
Other machinery
Computer and electronic products
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and
irradiation apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance,
aeronautical, and nautical system and
instruments
Other measuring and controlling instruments
Computer and peripheral equipment and other computer
and electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
Domestic employees
NAICS code
All
R&D
% R&D
employees
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
31–33
311
312
313–316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
27,068
16,745
1,470
539
577
165
370
103
257
2,471
467
236
84
1,082
350
252
636
284
349
788
1,433
147
42
1,867
1,143
18
4
10
3
12
3
7
229
27
5
6
159
17
15
23
12
7
32
78
10
9
6.9
6.8
1.2
0.7
1.7
1.8
3.2
2.9
2.7
9.3
5.8
2.1
7.1
14.7
4.9
6.0
3.6
4.2
2.0
4.1
5.4
6.8
21.4
All
18,515
10,173
1,086
310
361
144
232
83
74
1,396
248
125
64
654
147
158
453
220
224
633
831
89
27
Foreign employees
R&D
% R&D
employees
All
1,425
850
14
3
6
3
8
3
6
175
19
4
5
123
11
12
17
9
7
29
60
7
7
7.7
8.4
1.3
1.0
1.7
2.1
3.4
3.6
8.1
12.5
7.7
3.2
7.8
18.8
7.5
7.6
3.8
4.1
3.1
4.6
7.2
7.9
25.9
8,552
6,571
384
229
216
21
138
19
183
1,074
219
111
19
428
203
94
183
64
124
154
602
58
15
R&D
% R&D
employees
442
293
4
1
4i
*
4
*
1
55
7
1
1
36
6
3
6
3i
1
3i
18
3
2
5.2
4.5
1.0
0.4
1.9
NA
2.9
NA
0.5
5.1
3.2
0.9
5.3
8.4
3.0
3.2
3.3
4.7
0.8
1.9
3.0
5.2
13.3
3336
131
9
6.9
97
7
7.2
34
1
2.9
other 333
334
3342
3344
1,113
2,531
301
754
50
387
80
147
4.5
15.3
26.6
19.5
617
1,292
183
320
38
276
54
99
6.2
21.4
29.5
30.9
496
1,239
118
434
11
111
26
48
2.2
8.9
22.0
11.1
3345
887
95
10.7
537
76
14.2
350
18
5.1
334510, 334517
278
27
9.7
149
20
13.4
129
7
5.4
334511
276
40
14.5
231
37
16.0
45
3
6.7
other 3345
333
28
8.4
157
19
12.1
175
8
4.6
3341, 3343, 3346
589
65
11.0
252
47
18.7
337
18
5.3
335
336
568
3,154
31
228
5.5
7.2
281
1,807
20
165
7.1
9.1
287
1,347
11
63
3.8
4.7
TABLE 27. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign all and R&D employment, by industry and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Worldwide employees
Industry and company size
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank
components
Other transportation
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing industries
Mining, extraction, and support activities
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
Other retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory
publishers
NAICS code
All
3361–3363
3364
336411–336413
336414, 336415, 336419
1,756
1,328
1,095
233
R&D
101
123
115
8i
Domestic employees
% R&D
employees
5.8
9.3
10.5
3.4
Foreign employees
All
R&D
% R&D
employees
757
984
765
218 i
57
103
96
7
7.5
10.5
12.5
3.2
All
999
345
330
15
R&D
44
19
18
1i
% R&D
employees
4.4
5.5
5.5
6.7
336992
3
*
NA
3
*
NA
0
0
NA
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
67
205
846
443
403
4
5
53
31
22
6.0
2.4
6.3
7.0
5.5
63
181
563
319
244
4
5
45
26
18
6.3
2.8
8.0
8.2
7.4
4
23
283
124
159
*
*
8
5
4
NA
NA
2.8
4.0
2.5
21–23, 42–81
21
22
23
42
44, 45
4541
other 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
10,323
302
368
218
401
431
20
412
866
3,493
2,005
725
7
1
5
18
6
4
1
3
304
218
7.0
2.3
0.3
2.3
4.5
1.4
20.0
0.2
0.3
8.7
10.9
8,342
190
351
185
245
424
12
412
762
2,662
1,368
575
6
1
5
15
4
3
1
2
224
153
6.9
3.2
0.3
2.7
6.1
0.9
25.0
0.2
0.3
8.4
11.2
1,981
112
17
34
156
7
7
0
104
831
637
149
1
*
*i
3
2
2
0
1i
79
65
7.5
0.9
NA
NA
1.9
28.6
28.6
NA
1.0
9.5
10.2
5111
103
2
1.9
52
1
1.9
51
1
2.0
5112
517
1,903
832
216
31
11.4
3.7
1,317
809
151
29
11.5
3.6
586
23
64
2
10.9
8.7
Internet service providers, Web search portals,
and data processing services
518
452
48
10.6
311
36
11.6
140
12 i
8.6
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific R&D services
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
204
580
142
1,712
195
646
293
7
8
3
328
39
136
115
3.4
1.4
2.1
19.2
20.0
21.1
39.2
173
497
132
1,177
137
457
259
6
7
3
267
38
100
94
3.5
1.4
2.3
22.7
27.7
21.9
36.3
31
83
10
535
57
188
34
1
1
1
60
1
36
21
3.2
1.2
10.0
11.2
1.8
19.1
61.8
other 54
579
37
6.4
323
35
10.8
255
2
0.8
621–623
55, 56, 61, 624, 71, 72, 81
202
1,608
12
30
5.9
1.9
201
1,517
12
29
6.0
1.9
1
90
*
1
NA
1.1
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Other professional, scientific, and technical
services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
TABLE 27. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign all and R&D employment, by industry and company size: 2008
(Thousands of employees)
Worldwide employees
Industry and company size
All companies
Domestic employees
NAICS code
All
R&D
% R&D
employees
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
27,066
1,867
6.9
Small companies (number of domestic employees)a
5–499
–
3,340
457
13.7
5–99
–
1,225
261
21.3
5–49
–
716
184
25.7
5–24
–
383
113
29.5
25–49
–
333
71
21.3
50–99
–
509
77
15.1
100–249
–
1,207
124
10.3
250–499
–
907
72
7.9
Medium and large companies (number of domestic employees)
500–999
–
980
78
8.0
1,000–4,999
–
4,056
312
7.7
5,000–9,999
–
2,623
191
7.3
10,000–24,999
–
5,580
283
5.1
25,000 or more
–
10,487
547
5.2
* = amount < 500 employees; i = value > 50% of estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to account for nonresponse; NA = not available.
Foreign employees
R&D
% R&D
employees
All
R&D
% R&D
employees
18,515
1,425
7.7
8,550
442
5.2
2,864
1,116
653
354
299
462
1,039
710
411
243
173
109
64
70
106
61
14.4
21.8
26.5
30.8
21.4
15.2
10.2
8.6
476
110
63
29
34
47
168
198
46
18
11
3
7
7
18
11
9.7
16.4
17.5
10.3
20.6
14.9
10.7
5.6
669
2,587
1,464
3,903
7,029
63
224
125
191
411
9.4
8.7
8.5
4.9
5.8
311
1,470
1,159
1,677
3,458
14
87
66
92
137
4.5
5.9
5.7
5.5
4.0
All
NAICS = 2002 North American Industry Classification System.
a
Upper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of small business; Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees. After 2008
BRDIS sample was selected and surveyed, an error was identified that resulted in excluding 226,884 single-establishment companies with five paid employees from sample frame. Most excluded establishments were
classified in industries with low R&D intensities, such as construction, retail trade, and service sectors. Based on available information for these small single-establishment companies, their contribution to 2008 R&D
estimates is estimated to be negligible.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for
sampling was assigned. Statistics are representative of companies located in United States that performed or funded R&D.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2008.