TABLE 26. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D paid for by the company and others and performed by the company, R&D employment, and R&D cost per R&D employee, by industry and company size: 2008
Industry and company size
All industries
Manufacturing industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implement
Semiconductor machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment
Other machinery
Computer and electronic products
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and
nautical system and instruments
Other measuring and controlling instruments
Computer and peripheral equipment and other computer and
electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank components
Other transportation
Company-performed R&D
(US$millions)
Company-performed R&D
per R&D employee
(US$thousands)
R&D employment
(thousands)
NAICS code
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Worldwide
Domestic
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
31–33
311
312
313–316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
3345
334510, 334517
352,155
250,326
2,696
903
1,182
278
1,440
358
D
72,240
5,272
985
D
58,993
3,073
D
2,158
1,661
809
2,607
12,034
1,583
2,539
1,435
6,477
76,237
15,854
29,399
17,768
6,853
290,680
203,755
2,100
780
815
273
1,167
349
1,358
58,250
4,074
761
D
48,131
2,108
D
1,817
1,556
695
2,419
10,104
1,184
2,172
1,343
5,405
60,464
12,903
22,324
15,460
6,015
61,475
46,572
596
123
367
4
274
9
D
13,990
1,198
224
371
10,862
965
370
341
106
114
188
1,929
399
366
92
1,072
15,774
2,951
7,075
2,308
838
1,867
1,143
18
4
10
3
12
3
7
229
27
5
6
159
17
15
23
12
7
32
78
10
9
9
50
387
80
147
95
27
1,425
850
14
3
6
3
8
3
6
175
19
4
5
123
11
12
17
9
7
29
60
7
7
7
38
276
54
99
76
20
334511
other 3345
D
D
6,541
2,903
D
D
40
28
37
19
3
8
3341, 3343, 3346
335
336
3361–3363
3364
336411–336413
336414, 336415, 336419
336992
other 336
13,216
4,305
60,819
21,587
38,757
32,603
6,154
32
443
9,776
3,143
50,552
13,140
36,941
30,861
6,080
32
440
3,440
1,162
10,267
8,448
1,816
1,742
74
0
3
65
31
228
101
123
115
8i
*
4
47
20
165
57
103
96
7
*
4
18
11
63
44
19
18
1i
0
*
Foreign
442
293
4
1
4i
*
4
*
1
55
7
1
1
36
6
3
6
3i
1
3i
18
3
2
1
11
111
26
48
18
7
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
188.6
219.0
149.8
225.8
118.2
92.7
120.0
119.3
D
315.5
195.3
197.0
D
371.0
180.8
D
93.8
138.4
115.6
81.5
154.3
158.3
282.1
159.4
129.5
197.0
198.2
200.0
187.0
253.8
204.0
239.7
150.0
260.0
135.8
91.0
145.9
116.3
226.3
332.9
214.4
190.3
D
391.3
191.6
D
106.9
172.9
99.3
83.4
168.4
169.1
310.3
191.9
142.2
219.1
238.9
225.5
203.4
300.8
139.1
158.9
149.0
123.0
91.8
NA
68.5
NA
D
254.4
171.1
224.0
371.0
301.7
160.8
123.3
56.8
35.3
114.0
62.7
107.2
133.0
183.0
92.0
97.5
142.1
113.5
147.4
128.2
119.7
D
D
176.8
152.8
D
D
203.3
138.9
266.8
213.7
315.1
283.5
769.3
NA
110.8
208.0
157.2
306.4
230.5
358.7
321.5
868.6
NA
110.0
191.1
105.6
163.0
192.0
95.6
96.8
74.0
NA
NA
TABLE 26. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D paid for by the company and others and performed by the company, R&D employment, and R&D cost per R&D employee, by industry and company size: 2008
Industry and company size
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing industries
Mining, extraction, and support activities
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
Other retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Internet service providers, Web search portals, and data
processing services
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific R&D services
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
All companies
Small companies (number of employees)a
5–499
5–99
5–49
5–24
25–49
50–99
100–249
250–499
Medium and large companies (number of employees)
500–999
Company-performed R&D
(US$millions)
Company-performed R&D
per R&D employee
(US$thousands)
R&D employment
(thousands)
NAICS code
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
337
339
3391
3399
504
D
6,066
D
477
7,437
5,300
2,137
27
D
766
D
5
53
31
22
5
45
26
18
*
8
5
4
100.8
D
195.7
D
95.4
165.3
203.8
118.7
NA
D
153.2
D
21–23, 42–81
21
22
23
42
44, 45
4541
other 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
5111
5112
517
101,829
D
232
D
2,593
D
D
355
136
45,352
34,729
233
34,496
1,859
86,926
1,502
226
D
2,084
1,031
676
355
135
37,695
28,427
205
28,222
1,684
14,903
D
6
0
509
D
D
0
2
7,657
6,301
27
6,274
175
725
7
1
5
18
6
4
1
3
304
218
2
216
31
575
6
1
5
15
4
3
1
2
224
153
1
151
29
149
1
*
*i
3
2
2
0
1i
79
65
1
64
2
3278.0
D
*
D
144.1
D
D
355.0
45.3
149.2
46.0
0.0
46.0
0.0
151.2
250.3
226.0
D
138.9
257.8
225.3
355.0
67.5
168.3
185.8
205.0
186.9
58.1
100.0
D
NA
NA
169.7
D
D
NA
2.0
96.9
27.0
27.0
98.0
87.5
518
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
other 54
621–623
55, 56, 61, 624, 71, 72, 81
7,656
1,108
1,165
318
44,104
3,621
14,310
21,458
4,715
1,315
2,331
6,567
1,016
1,091
253
37,954
3,422
12,146
17,913
4,474
1,313
D
48
7
8
3
328
39
136
115
37
12
30
36
6
7
3
267
38
100
94
35
12
29
12 i
1
1
1
60
1
36
21
2
*
1
9.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
3196.0
83.0
88.0
2980.0
45.0
0.0
8.0
182.4
169.3
155.9
84.3
142.1
90.1
121.5
190.6
127.8
109.4
D
90.8
93.0
74.0
65.0
102.5
200.0
60.1
168.8
120.5
NA
D
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
352,155
290,680
61,475
1,867
1,425
442
188.6
204.0
139.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
63,053
35,259
24,932
14,648
10,284
10,327
16,397
11,396
58,137
33,257
23,906
14,280
9,626
9,351
14,662
10,219
4,915
2,002
1,027
368
658
976
1,735
1,178
457
261
184
113
71
77
124
72
411
243
173
109
64
70
106
61
46
18
11
3
7
7
18
11
138.0
135.1
135.5
129.6
144.8
134.1
132.2
158.3
141.5
136.9
138.2
131.0
150.4
133.6
138.3
167.5
106.8
111.2
93.4
122.7
94.0
139.4
96.4
107.1
–
13,639
11,886
1,753
78
63
14
174.9
188.7
125.2
1,089 i
93
74
65
6,150
200
2,164
3,544
241
1
D
TABLE 26. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D paid for by the company and others and performed by the company, R&D employment, and R&D cost per R&D employee, by industry and company size: 2008
Industry and company size
Company-performed R&D
(US$millions)
NAICS code
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Company-performed R&D
per R&D employee
(US$thousands)
R&D employment
(thousands)
Domestic
Foreign
1,000–4,999
–
57,686
46,336
11,350
312
224
87
184.9
206.9
5,000–9,999
–
31,765
24,764
7,000
191
125
66
166.3
198.1
10,000–24,999
–
60,522
48,737
11,785
283
191
92
213.9
255.2
25,000 or more
–
125,491
100,820
24,671
547
411
137
229.4
245.3
* = amount < $500,000 or 500 employees; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; i = value > 50% of estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to account for nonresponse;
NA = not available.
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Worldwide
130.5
106.1
128.1
180.1
NAICS = 2002 North American Industry Classification System.
a
Upper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of small business; Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees. After 2008 BRDIS sample
was selected and surveyed, an error was identified that resulted in excluding 226,884 single-establishment companies with five paid employees from sample frame. Most excluded establishments were classified in industries with low R&D
intensities, such as construction, retail trade, and service sectors. Based on available information for these small single-establishment companies, their contribution to 2008 R&D estimates is estimated to be negligible.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Ratios were calculated using unrounded data. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not
report business codes, classification used for sampling was assigned. Statistics are representative of companies located in United States that performed or funded R&D.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2008.