TABLE 23. Worldwide R&D paid for by the company and performed by others, by type of performer, industry, and company size: 2008
(Millions of U.S. dollars)
Industry and company size
All industries
Manufacturing industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implement
Semiconductor machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment
Other machinery
Computer and electronic products
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and
irradiation apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical,
and nautical system and instruments
Other measuring and controlling instruments
Computer and peripheral equipment and other computer
and electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
NAICS code
Total
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
31–33
311
312
313–316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
38,636
29,502
200
157
27
17
111
6
D
19,550
180
13
176
18,708
422
51
135
202
77
81
486
191
42
89
164
2,484
707
839
3345
641
334510, 334517
U.S.
companies
22,502
18,480
112
127
11
9
D
0
D
13,281
74
2
D
12,744
331
D
74
94 i
14
41
306
D
26
65
D
1,382
347
549
Foreign
companies
U.S. federal
government
State
governments
Foreign
governments
14
11
0
*
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
*
0
2
0
*
*
0
0
0
*
0
0
0
*
*
0
0
14
7
*
*
*
0
0
0
0
3
*
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
*
0
*
0
0
0
*
1
0
0
U.S.
universities
or colleges
1,277
1,104
11
8
1
*
D
0
D
869
17
2
29
816
4
1
1
4i
1
1
10
1
2i
*
8
63
2
2
Foreign
universities
or colleges
513
499
2
2
D
*
D
0
1
416
7
D
D
399
D
D
1
1i
3
*
1
0
0
*
1
38
*
D
All
other
Undistributed
506
237
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
153
*
0
3
150
0
*
*
*
2
0
2
0
0
*
2
40
0
*
5,487
1,894
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8,191
7,158
23
18
2
1
D
0
D
3,901
44
4
D
3,734
71
D
41
97 i
D
2
94
D
8
10
D
547
275
113
132
112
*
*
0
0
0
0
0
76
3
*
0
73
0
*
*
*i
*
0
*
0
*
0
*
1
*
0
288
114
*
*
1
55
D
D
–
396
147
47
*
*
1
53
12
15
–
334511
other 3345
D
D
117
24
37
30
*
0
*
0
*
0
2
*
D
D
D
0
–
–
3341, 3343, 3346
335
336
3361–3363
3364
336411–336413
336414, 336415, 336419
297
176
4,833
3,767
1,025
D
D
197
91
2,368
1,590
D
656
D
45
40
2,187
2,024
161
161
*
*
*
31
D
D
D
*
0
0
7
*
6
D
D
0
*
D
D
3
3
0
4
1
56
25
31
D
D
*
*
23
D
D
D
*
D
4
26
2
24
D
D
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
TABLE 23. Worldwide R&D paid for by the company and performed by others, by type of performer, industry, and company size: 2008
(Millions of U.S. dollars)
Industry and company size
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank components
Other transportation
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing industries
Mining, extraction, and support activities
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
Other retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Internet service providers, Web search portals, and data
processing services
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific R&D services
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
All companies
Small companies (number of domestic employees)a
5–499
5–99
5–49
5–24
25–49
50–99
100–249
250–499
Foreign
companies
U.S. federal
government
State
governments
Foreign
governments
U.S.
universities
or colleges
Foreign
universities
or colleges
All
other
Undistributed
0
2
2
115
104
10
0
0
0
3
3
*
0
1
0
*
*
0
0
0
0
D
D
0
0
*
*
29
27
2
0
0
0
4
4
*
0
0
0
2
1
*
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,033
D
*
*
13
0
0
0
2
336
301
1
300
*
20
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D
0
0
0
0
173
D
3
*
*i
0
0
0
*
D
4
0
4
D
14
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*
*
0
*
*
269
0
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
D
D
0
D
0
3,595
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
NAICS code
Total
U.S.
companies
336992
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
1
41
37
D
729
D
1
D
18
406
385
21
21–23, 42–81
21
22
23
42
44, 45
4541
other 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
5111
5112
517
9,134
539
233
D
407
D
D
22
46
2,540
1,676
7
1,669
D
4,021
D
75
2
46 i
0
0
0
44
1,611
892
4
887
D
518
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
other 54
621–623
55, 56, 61, 624, 71, 72, 81
198
D
84
19
4,858
346
467
3,823
223
163
D
114
D
61
7
1,768
181
103
1,383
101
86
D
29
5
15
1
355
3
58
288
7
70
D
0
0
0
0
D
0
0
6
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
*
*
0
*
0
0
0
D
0
0
0
D
0
0
D
D
0
0
0
D
*
0
81
3
*
76
2
2
*
*
*
*
0
9
*
*
9
*
1
*
*
*
D
0
5
0
0
4
1
0
*
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
38,636
22,502
8,191
132
14
14
1,277
513
506
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8,333
5,109
3,708
2,412
1,296
1,401
1,933
1,291
2,527
831
442
166
275
389
939
757
710
276
133
51
82
143
259
175
14
3
1
1
*
1
8
3
120
45
28
8
20
18
D
D
22
14
8
3
6
5
4
4
70
13
3
1
3
10
D
D
5,487
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
*
*
0
*
*
2
*i
1
*
0
0
0
*
1
*i
TABLE 23. Worldwide R&D paid for by the company and performed by others, by type of performer, industry, and company size: 2008
(Millions of U.S. dollars)
Industry and company size
NAICS code
Total
U.S.
companies
Foreign
companies
U.S. federal
government
State
governments
Foreign
governments
U.S.
universities
or colleges
Foreign
universities
or colleges
Medium and large companies (number of domestic
employees)
500–999
–
1,575
1,016
358
1
*
*
19
1,000–4,999
–
5,518
3,663
1,124
2
2
8
136
5,000–9,999
–
3,456
2,414
664
D
D
1
276
10,000–24,999
–
8,543
5,971
1,690
D
D
*
381
25,000 or more
– 11,211
6,911
3,645
37
1
4
346
* = amount < $500,000; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; i = value > 50% of estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to account for nonresponse.
5
13
21
259
193
All
other
Undistributed
6
259
18
103
50
–
–
–
–
–
NAICS = 2002 North American Industry Classification System.
a
Upper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of small business; Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS) does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees. After 2008 BRDIS sample
was selected and surveyed, an error was identified that resulted in excluding 226,884 single-establishment companies with five paid employees from sample frame. Most excluded establishments were classified in industries with low R&D
intensities, such as construction, retail trade, and service sectors. Based on available information for these small single-establishment companies, their contribution to 2008 R&D estimates is estimated to be negligible.
NOTES: NAICS detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification
used for sampling was assigned. Detailed data were not collected on BRDI-1A questionnaire. Statistics are representative of companies located in United States that performed or funded R&D.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2008.