TABLE 47. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, and doctoral degree type: 2011
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Field
Total
Doctoral Professional
degreea
degreea
Temporary visa holders
Dual
degreea
Doctoral degree
type unknown/
not reporteda
Doctoral Professional
degreea
degreea
Dual
degreea
Doctoral degree
type unknown/
not reporteda
All surveyed fields
62,947
17,993
2,551
493
9,202
23,538
1,910
701
6,559
Science and engineering
44,249
13,482
466
136
6,600
17,964
533
244
4,824
Science
Agricultural sciences
37,485
1,257
12,035
392
441
7
125
3
5,354
253
14,978
462
520
5
232
4
3,800
131
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
21,342
392
2,312
2,408
521
198
559
2,678
200
261
1,460
2,551
244
1,747
1,628
1,534
85
2,564
6,922
111
699
920
193
67
141
688
107
110
476
854
62
477
533
560
41
883
370
12
6
8
11
0
4
13
3
2
15
43
8
73
30
31
0
111
108
3
5
4
1
0
0
10
0
0
14
19
0
21
13
8
0
10
2,631
74
296
304
68
9
123
471
26
25
208
300
65
203
152
120
26
161
8,490
109
971
977
173
100
221
1,082
45
103
496
1,017
74
716
680
626
17
1,083
470
7
17
12
6
1
6
27
0
1
32
43
8
98
34
37
0
141
203
3
9
4
3
1
0
35
0
0
20
30
1
36
23
24
0
14
2,148
73
309
179
66
20
64
352
19
20
199
245
26
123
163
128
1
161
65
29
0
0
8
17
0
2
9
769
194
2
1
142
315
3
1
111
1,771
161
583
408
619
605
48
196
229
132
14
0
1
9
4
0
0
0
0
0
366
28
65
21
252
658
79
257
144
178
4
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
124
5
63
5
51
54
30
1
0
12
8
0
0
3
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
805
706
99
290
268
22
1
1
0
1
1
0
104
87
17
318
279
39
1
1
0
1
1
0
89
68
21
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesb
697
176
6
1
203
203
2
0
106
1,362
442
15
5
212
500
18
13
157
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
7,511
529
4,018
2,704
260
1,959
157
931
840
31
10
0
4
6
0
1
0
0
1
0
1,153
120
606
319
108
3,542
206
1,938
1,358
40
12
0
9
3
0
2
0
2
0
0
832
46
528
177
81
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
1,079
93
601
385
609
68
293
248
7
1
3
3
1
0
1
0
135
14
92
29
277
8
170
99
3
0
3
0
5
1
3
1
42
1
36
5
773
47
81
38
57
9
387
14
49
11
25
4
8
1
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
1
135
8
11
6
10
1
188
22
15
11
16
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
48
2
5
10
3
0
Communicationb
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Family and consumer sciences/
human sciencesb
Neuroscience
b
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
Economics (except agricultural)
Geography
History and philosophy of science
TABLE 47. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, and doctoral degree type: 2011
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Field
Linguistics
Political science
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architectureb
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineeringb
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurologyb
Obstetrics/gynecology
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
Other health
Dental sciences
Nursing
Pharmaceutical sciences
Total
Doctoral Professional
degreea
degreea
Temporary visa holders
Dual
degreea
Doctoral degree
type unknown/
not reporteda
Doctoral Professional
degreea
degreea
Dual
degreea
Doctoral degree
type unknown/
not reporteda
31
220
91
2
197
22
106
60
2
94
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
1
54
14
0
30
5
47
12
0
57
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
12
5
0
8
6,764
195
129
17
1,076
1,137
551
1,062
233
121
896
861
4
109
35
338
1,447
28
35
4
308
230
116
187
80
33
158
155
1
27
10
75
25
1
3
0
12
4
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
11
0
0
0
3
2
0
3
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
1,246
32
14
4
242
226
110
190
5
23
179
131
1
21
0
68
2,986
106
61
6
331
512
259
503
147
36
392
428
2
36
25
142
13
0
0
0
3
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
12
0
1
0
2
3
0
1
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
1,024
28
15
3
175
158
66
172
1
29
159
144
0
25
0
49
18,698
16,279
405
702
416
341
339
1,044
327
1,875
466
160
1,434
658
995
301
987
1,259
4,570
4,511
3,780
69
121
92
39
113
270
67
528
92
44
304
245
484
60
242
205
805
2,085
1,899
29
113
52
57
32
70
61
126
36
10
252
26
105
90
102
200
538
357
337
4
19
11
3
23
11
4
68
8
4
61
13
9
14
6
7
72
2,602
2,325
88
66
28
65
41
181
43
75
46
8
105
151
101
41
84
175
1,027
5,574
4,752
98
185
132
88
98
341
89
828
153
57
522
149
213
47
360
319
1,073
1,377
1,277
49
81
27
37
19
60
16
77
75
17
49
14
40
25
73
190
428
457
432
15
31
25
16
3
19
3
56
24
14
14
2
9
5
13
39
144
1,735
1,477
53
86
49
36
10
92
44
117
32
6
127
58
34
19
107
124
483
2,419
377
78
1,059
731
67
55
343
186
42
3
49
20
7
1
1
277
43
9
81
822
115
10
434
100
52
0
16
25
12
0
3
258
39
0
132
TABLE 47. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, and doctoral degree type: 2011
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Field
Speech pathology/audiology
Veterinary sciences
Other health, nec
nec = not elsewhere classified.
Total
47
444
414
Doctoral Professional
degreea
degreea
13
106
147
1
64
27
Temporary visa holders
Dual
degreea
Doctoral degree
type unknown/
not reporteda
0
6
5
23
97
24
Doctoral Professional
degreea
degreea
6
117
140
0
14
18
Dual
degreea
Doctoral degree
type unknown/
not reporteda
0
6
4
4
34
49
Doctoral degree = PhD, ScD, DEng, etc.; professional degree = MD, DVM, DO, DDS, etc.; dual degree = both professional and doctoral degrees (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD, etc.).
In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as
collected in 2007; "2007old" shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. "Communication" and "family and consumer sciences/human sciences" are newly eligible;
data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies" is also newly eligible; data may have been reported under other fields before
2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous years. "Architecture" is reported
as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/
for more detail.
a
b
NOTES: In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A
for more information). Thus, for increases in 2010 or 2011 over 2009 and prior-year data, it is unclear how much is from growth in postdoctoral appointment and how much is from
improved data collection. More information on changes in postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/. Doctoral degree type for
postdocs was collected for first time in 2010, and any missing data in this item were not imputed in 2010 and 2011 because of lack of historical data. For graduate students, “field”
refers to the field of the reporting unit in which the student is enrolled. For postdocs, “field” refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to the GSS.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and
Engineering, 2011.