TABLE 42. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2011
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsa
Not Hispanic or Latino
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
American
Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian
All surveyed fields
62,947
1,294
88
5,366
979
Science and engineering
44,249
866
65
3,384
Science
Agricultural sciences
37,485
1,257
769
32
61
5
2,803
108
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
21,342
392
2,312
2,408
521
198
559
2,678
200
261
1,460
2,551
244
1,747
1,628
1,534
85
2,564
448
10
29
54
17
0
9
42
7
4
25
69
7
34
36
38
1
66
32
0
2
1
1
0
2
2
2
0
2
7
0
5
0
3
0
5
1,796
42
216
188
41
14
55
182
13
22
103
176
20
176
148
146
6
248
Field
Communicationb
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Family and consumer sciences/human sciencesb
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesb
Black or Native Hawaiian
African or Other Pacific
American
Islander
White
More than
one race
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
84
16,482
209
5,737
32,708
585
52
11,399
159
4,174
23,565
510
22
45
1
10,267
386
135
2
3,365
99
19,530
602
294
0
21
28
24
0
2
16
1
2
20
32
7
29
29
33
0
50
31
0
7
2
2
1
0
2
0
0
5
4
0
4
3
0
0
1
5,498
99
544
741
128
52
104
580
99
104
368
710
65
381
387
452
47
637
58
0
2
13
5
1
1
2
2
0
5
6
1
9
3
0
0
8
1,874
49
185
209
55
8
95
356
12
5
185
212
35
136
122
47
13
150
11,311
192
1,306
1,172
248
122
291
1,496
64
124
747
1,335
109
973
900
815
18
1,399
65
2
0
4
2
0
18
1
10
28
769
11
1
57
10
2
177
3
78
430
1,771
161
583
408
619
37
3
13
7
14
3
0
0
3
0
120
15
28
27
50
10
1
1
1
7
1
0
0
0
1
672
45
188
182
257
22
1
5
15
1
120
11
27
24
58
786
85
321
149
231
54
1
0
2
4
0
32
0
4
11
805
706
99
15
12
3
0
0
0
36
32
4
9
7
2
0
0
0
247
234
13
4
3
1
85
69
16
409
349
60
697
15
4
43
19
0
262
0
43
311
Neuroscienceb
1,362
31
1
71
9
3
389
3
167
688
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
7,511
529
4,018
2,704
97
4
58
33
7
0
4
2
478
20
271
177
78
1
56
16
6
0
3
2
1,745
184
772
673
36
3
14
19
676
65
363
244
4,388
252
2,477
1,538
TABLE 42. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2011
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsa
Not Hispanic or Latino
Field
Physical sciences, nec
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
Economics (except agricultural)
Geography
History and philosophy of science
Linguistics
Political science
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architectureb
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineeringb
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurologyb
Obstetrics/gynecology
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
American
Indian or
Alaska Native
Black or Native Hawaiian
African or Other Pacific
American
Islander
Asian
260
2
1
10
5
1,079
93
601
385
34
7
16
11
1
0
0
1
47
2
29
16
773
47
81
38
57
9
31
220
91
2
197
46
2
7
0
3
0
0
17
5
0
12
7
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
2
6,764
195
129
17
1,076
1,137
551
1,062
233
121
896
861
4
109
35
338
97
1
1
0
18
18
8
9
6
3
10
16
0
1
3
3
18,698
16,279
405
702
416
341
339
1,044
327
428
368
3
19
13
2
7
25
5
White
More than
one race
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
1
116
0
4
121
19
6
6
7
1
1
0
0
529
63
255
211
1
0
0
1
120
4
83
33
327
10
212
105
41
1
4
1
2
0
1
16
4
0
12
34
1
2
1
0
0
2
14
5
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
312
12
37
6
26
2
16
88
50
0
75
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
89
6
9
9
5
4
4
24
7
2
19
239
24
20
21
20
3
8
59
17
0
67
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
581
13
17
3
138
92
28
77
15
6
72
66
0
8
3
43
75
1
4
0
22
10
3
11
1
3
4
10
0
3
0
3
7
0
2
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1,132
24
18
4
217
203
102
148
54
34
130
122
2
21
2
51
24
0
0
0
0
6
4
3
1
0
4
5
0
0
1
0
809
22
10
1
167
130
80
134
8
10
121
67
0
14
1
44
4,035
134
77
9
511
675
325
680
148
65
555
574
2
61
25
194
23
19
1
1
0
0
0
4
1
1,982
1,730
56
59
30
26
22
117
30
394
347
7
14
10
10
6
18
6
32
26
0
2
1
1
0
2
1
5,083
4,396
94
178
108
70
69
281
119
50
39
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1,563
1,416
28
45
21
55
104
85
12
9,143
7,938
215
383
233
177
130
512
152
TABLE 42. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2011
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsa
Not Hispanic or Latino
American
Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian
Black or Native Hawaiian
African or Other Pacific
American
Islander
Field
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
1,875
466
160
1,434
658
995
301
987
1,259
4,570
42
14
5
29
25
29
4
15
24
107
1
0
0
3
3
2
0
1
0
2
187
41
12
138
46
72
27
128
130
609
25
3
4
36
33
38
7
9
23
98
Other health
Dental sciences
Nursing
Pharmaceutical sciences
Speech pathology/audiology
Veterinary sciences
Other health, nec
nec = not elsewhere classified.
2,419
377
78
1,059
47
444
414
60
0
3
21
6
20
10
4
0
1
2
0
1
0
252
41
6
126
4
39
36
47
7
11
19
0
3
7
White
More than
one race
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
1
0
0
3
6
2
0
1
0
6
407
79
39
421
191
422
135
249
322
1,212
4
1
1
6
2
3
0
1
4
13
130
44
5
86
129
131
32
30
84
395
1,078
284
94
712
223
296
96
553
672
2,128
6
3
0
3
0
0
0
687
68
44
251
22
174
128
11
1
1
5
2
0
2
147
39
2
47
3
36
20
1,205
218
10
585
10
171
211
Ethnicity and race data available only for U.S. citizens and permanent residents.
In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as collected in 2007; "2007old"
shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. Science fields "communication" and "family and consumer sciences/human sciences" are newly eligible; data for these two fields are only in 2007new.
Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies" is also newly eligible; data may have been reported under other fields before 2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new;
data were reported under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous years. "Architecture" is reported as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old
and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
a
b
NOTES: In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for more information). Thus,
for increases in 2010 or 2011 over 2009 and prior-year data, it is unclear how much is from growth in postdoctoral appointment and how much is from improved data collection. More information on changes in
postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/. Ethnicity and race of postdocs were collected for first time in 2010, and any missing data in this item were not
imputed in 2010 and 2011 because of lack of historical data. For graduate students, “field” refers to the field of the reporting unit in which the student is enrolled. For postdocs, “field” refers to the field of the unit
that reports postdocs to the GSS.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2011.