TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
48,555
49,343
50,712
50,840
54,164
57,805
63,415
62,947
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
21,507
na
21,147
na
22,022
na
22,103
na
24,915
na
27,105
na
29,769
1,160
30,239
1,294
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
27,048
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28,196
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28,690
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28,737
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
29,249
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
30,700
93
5,174
898
92
15,689
140
6,523
33,646
88
5,366
979
84
16,482
209
5,737
32,708
Science and engineering
34,456
14,078
na
34,887
14,111
na
35,894
14,903
na
36,223
15,107
na
38,203
16,274
na
40,804
18,175
na
44,051
20,419
763
44,249
20,684
866
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20,378
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20,776
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20,991
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
21,116
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
21,929
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
22,629
59
3,371
529
51
11,084
79
4,483
23,632
65
3,384
585
52
11,399
159
4,174
23,565
30,290
12,665
na
30,245
12,573
na
30,986
13,312
na
31,281
13,513
na
32,741
14,375
na
34,388
15,800
na
37,095
17,761
700
37,485
17,955
769
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,625
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,672
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,674
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,768
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
18,366
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
18,588
55
2,784
465
44
9,906
68
3,739
19,334
61
2,803
510
45
10,267
135
3,365
19,530
1,007
433
na
927
384
na
948
413
na
985
422
na
1,147
604
na
1,083
573
na
1,195
611
24
1,257
655
32
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
574
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
543
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
535
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
563
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
543
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
510
4
116
22
0
375
0
70
584
5
108
22
1
386
2
99
602
18,747
7,739
na
18,807
7,825
na
19,218
8,176
na
19,109
8,174
na
19,827
8,615
na
20,159
9,148
na
21,537
10,188
444
21,342
10,031
448
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
25
1,850
298
29
32
1,796
294
31
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
All surveyed fields
c
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Science
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Agricultural sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Biological sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Communicationa
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Computer sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Family and consumer sciences/human sciencesa
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Mathematical sciences
c
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
na
na
na
11,008
na
na
na
10,982
na
na
na
11,042
na
na
na
10,935
na
na
na
11,212
na
na
na
11,011
5,426
42
2,074
11,349
5,498
58
1,874
11,311
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
30
17
na
32
20
na
38
28
na
60
37
2
65
37
2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
13
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
12
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
10
0
1
2
0
25
0
7
23
0
4
2
0
18
1
10
28
406
164
na
467
168
na
516
191
na
456
166
na
493
195
na
594
272
na
748
313
8
769
339
11
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
242
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
299
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
325
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
290
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
298
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
322
2
50
5
0
171
0
77
435
1
57
10
2
177
3
78
430
1,364
739
na
1,495
735
na
1,322
671
na
1,250
612
na
1,339
643
na
1,424
714
na
1,760
951
28
1,771
985
37
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
625
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
760
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
651
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
638
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
696
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
710
6
75
9
0
635
4
194
809
3
120
10
1
672
22
120
786
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
8
4
na
19
15
na
22
15
na
30
22
0
54
43
1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
7
0
3
2
0
17
0
0
8
0
2
4
0
32
0
4
11
500
263
na
579
283
na
621
303
na
624
303
na
723
356
na
737
383
na
756
391
9
805
396
15
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
237
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
296
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
318
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
321
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
367
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
354
1
30
3
0
261
3
84
365
0
36
9
0
247
4
85
409
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesa
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
244
156
na
348
193
na
459
237
na
765
450
17
697
386
15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
88
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
155
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
222
0
45
6
0
279
2
101
315
4
43
19
0
262
0
43
311
Neurosciencea
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
285
123
na
343
140
na
645
339
na
818
390
12
1,362
674
31
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
162
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
203
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
306
3
61
12
1
218
3
80
428
1
71
9
3
389
3
167
688
7,011
2,484
na
6,703
2,337
na
6,760
2,478
na
6,719
2,470
na
6,885
2,512
na
7,447
2,834
na
7,703
3,198
92
7,511
3,123
97
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,527
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,366
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,282
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,249
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,373
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,613
11
468
53
12
1,723
7
832
4,505
7
478
78
6
1,745
36
676
4,388
884
585
na
873
603
na
1,106
740
na
1,088
733
na
1,077
753
na
1,219
892
na
1,077
765
37
1,079
752
34
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1
46
24
2
501
4
150
1
47
19
1
529
1
120
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Physical sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Psychologyb
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Temporary visa holders
Social sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Aerospace engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Agricultural engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Architecturea
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
299
270
366
355
324
327
312
327
371
258
na
394
238
na
495
340
na
483
333
na
508
329
na
561
365
na
646
445
27
773
534
46
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
156
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
155
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
150
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
179
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
196
2
39
29
0
275
3
70
201
7
41
34
0
312
5
89
239
4,166
1,413
na
4,642
1,538
na
4,908
1,591
na
4,942
1,594
na
5,462
1,899
na
6,416
2,375
na
6,956
2,658
63
6,764
2,729
97
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
2,753
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,104
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,317
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,348
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,563
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,041
4
587
64
7
1,178
11
744
4,298
4
581
75
7
1,132
24
809
4,035
153
56
na
165
48
na
178
59
na
178
59
na
154
56
na
168
69
na
191
69
2
195
61
1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
97
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
117
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
119
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
119
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
98
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
99
0
15
1
0
30
0
21
122
0
13
1
0
24
0
22
134
89
22
na
116
34
na
139
26
na
139
26
na
135
38
na
110
32
na
119
37
4
129
52
1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
67
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
82
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
97
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
78
0
17
3
0
13
0
0
82
0
17
4
2
18
0
10
77
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
5
1
na
11
4
na
22
13
na
10
5
0
17
8
0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0
0
1
0
3
0
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
na
na
na
na
7
na
na
na
na
9
0
2
0
2
5
0
4
0
1
9
477
227
na
591
230
na
640
289
na
640
289
na
710
315
na
960
451
na
1,036
499
12
1,076
565
18
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
250
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
361
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
351
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
351
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
395
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
509
1
107
24
1
181
1
172
537
2
138
22
1
217
0
167
511
702
246
na
735
216
na
758
265
na
790
272
na
880
299
na
1,084
408
na
1,092
454
12
1,137
462
18
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
456
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
519
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
493
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
518
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
581
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
676
0
91
6
2
186
0
157
638
0
92
10
3
203
6
130
675
Civil engineeringa
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
384
139
na
458
203
na
419
164
na
417
159
na
465
171
na
535
212
na
570
244
8
551
226
8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
245
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
255
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
255
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
258
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
294
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
323
2
45
3
0
114
2
70
326
1
28
3
0
102
4
80
325
Electrical engineering
689
248
na
721
233
na
885
246
na
884
247
na
987
375
na
1,025
323
na
1,097
324
4
1,062
382
9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
441
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
488
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
639
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
637
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
612
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
702
1
90
8
2
147
1
71
773
0
77
11
0
148
3
134
680
168
53
na
224
82
na
192
59
na
183
55
na
214
101
na
226
112
na
243
94
3
233
85
6
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Biomedical engineering
c
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Chemical engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Engineering science
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Industrial engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Mechanical engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Metallurgical/materials engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Mining engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
115
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
142
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
133
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
128
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
114
0
20
2
0
65
1
3
149
0
15
1
0
54
1
8
148
51
16
na
51
17
na
73
23
na
71
19
na
115
36
na
109
50
na
163
78
1
121
56
3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
35
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
34
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
50
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
52
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
79
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
59
0
9
4
0
43
1
20
85
0
6
3
0
34
0
10
65
562
150
na
644
174
na
725
199
na
722
198
na
784
224
na
948
281
na
1,009
362
7
896
341
10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
412
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
470
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
526
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
524
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
560
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
667
0
92
4
0
157
0
102
647
0
72
4
0
130
4
121
555
578
160
na
571
180
na
555
136
na
564
141
na
605
147
na
758
243
na
835
285
5
861
287
16
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
418
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
391
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
419
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
423
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
458
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
515
0
66
3
2
137
4
68
550
1
66
10
0
122
5
67
574
8
3
na
11
5
na
4
2
na
5
2
na
5
1
na
4
1
na
6
1
0
4
2
0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Temporary visa holders
Nuclear engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Petroleum engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Engineering, nec
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsc
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Healtha
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsb
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
5
6
2
3
4
3
5
2
41
13
na
85
27
na
77
26
na
73
25
na
85
31
na
90
35
na
107
55
0
109
48
1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
58
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
51
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
48
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
54
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
55
0
6
1
0
30
1
17
52
0
8
3
1
21
0
14
61
13
3
na
18
3
na
22
7
na
22
7
na
28
5
na
36
12
na
46
12
1
35
10
3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
23
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
24
0
4
0
0
4
0
3
34
0
3
0
0
2
1
1
25
251
77
na
252
86
na
241
90
na
249
94
na
284
96
na
341
133
na
432
139
4
338
144
3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
174
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
166
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
151
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
155
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
188
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
208
0
25
4
0
68
0
38
293
0
43
3
0
51
0
44
194
14,099
7,429
na
14,456
7,036
na
14,818
7,119
na
14,617
6,996
na
15,961
8,641
na
17,001
8,930
na
19,364
9,350
397
18,698
9,555
428
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
34
1,803
369
41
4,605
23
1,982
394
32
5,083
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2005–11
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
More than one race
na
na
na
na
Unknown ethnicity/race
na
na
na
na
Temporary visa holders
6,670
7,420
7,699
7,621
na = not applicable; data were not collected at this level of detail. ne = not eligible; data were not collected for this field in prior years.
2008
2009
2010b
2011
na
na
7,320
na
na
8,071
61
2,040
10,014
50
1,563
9,143
nec = not elsewhere classified.
a In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as
collected in 2007; "2007old" reflects data as they would have been collected under 2006 methodology. Science fields "communication" and "family and consumer science/human
science" are newly eligible; data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies" is also newly eligible; data may have been reported
under other fields before 2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous years.
"Architecture" is reported as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
b In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for
more information). Thus, for increases in 2010 or 2011 over 2009 and prior-year data, it is unclear how much is from growth in postdoctoral appointment and how much is from
improved data collection. More information on changes in postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/.
c Ethnicity and race data available only for U.S. citizens and permanent residents. Ethnicity and race of postdocs were collected for first time in 2010, and any missing data in this item
were not imputed in 2010 and 2011 because of lack of historical data.
NOTES: For graduate students, “field” refers to the field of the reporting unit in which the student is enrolled. For postdocs, “field” refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to
the GSS.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and
Engineering.