TABLE 33. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field: 2005–11
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
All surveyed fields
17,040
17,583
17,852
17,898
20,221
21,818
24,166
24,319
Science and engineering
11,229
11,526
11,482
11,592
13,084
14,157
15,299
15,599
Science
Agricultural sciences
10,499
336
10,703
311
10,647
314
10,749
328
11,981
426
12,772
398
13,872
447
14,162
457
7,559
184
923
773
136
64
236
966
72
85
437
965
145
577
590
517
54
835
7,690
167
914
909
145
69
242
947
75
64
356
901
134
686
592
522
37
930
7,653
162
835
887
170
61
189
858
79
83
390
1,017
170
705
565
460
45
977
7,598
149
819
838
175
56
189
887
75
83
392
979
160
708
566
499
42
981
8,358
147
860
1,023
155
45
252
1,014
96
75
408
974
142
778
614
540
36
1,199
8,640
169
923
1,018
193
51
261
1,142
96
90
430
993
128
838
659
588
32
1,029
9,352
197
997
1,068
234
73
210
1,137
106
94
611
1,090
123
851
757
640
28
1,136
9,316
178
884
1,036
221
65
222
1,112
81
119
621
1,212
146
815
721
693
30
1,160
ne
ne
ne
16
14
15
22
23
Field
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
Communicationa
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Family and consumer sciences/human sciencesa
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesa
a
71
88
96
79
85
100
126
142
404
33
146
118
107
445
33
154
115
143
389
28
148
129
84
382
28
151
129
74
468
26
186
147
109
487
34
165
161
127
602
51
185
160
206
648
52
201
190
205
ne
ne
ne
4
13
14
23
43
108
90
18
125
107
18
104
94
10
104
93
11
146
122
24
170
152
18
169
155
14
177
156
21
ne
ne
ne
63
124
166
259
245
na
na
na
109
157
250
374
601
1,417
79
988
319
31
1,403
81
978
314
30
1,358
81
923
322
32
1,345
81
908
324
32
1,443
112
930
366
35
1,669
143
1,089
400
37
1,611
133
986
444
48
1,542
148
886
456
52
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
433
41
262
130
460
48
263
149
526
58
286
182
519
58
281
180
505
49
309
147
610
102
336
172
585
95
322
168
598
68
309
221
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
Economics (except agricultural)
Geography
History and philosophy of science
Linguistics
Political science
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
171
10
34
3
10
2
14
20
39
3
36
181
11
36
2
18
4
14
25
26
3
42
207
15
30
13
10
5
19
24
36
0
55
202
13
30
15
10
4
16
24
30
0
60
242
16
48
8
16
5
13
33
25
2
76
253
16
47
18
23
5
4
35
34
1
70
302
11
44
12
23
7
10
41
48
0
106
370
13
44
6
20
6
12
101
58
1
109
Neuroscience
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
TABLE 33. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field: 2005–11
Field
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architecturea
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineeringa
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurologya
Obstetrics/gynecology
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
2011
730
24
20
na
135
135
79
89
22
9
60
106
1
8
2
40
823
26
20
na
169
138
100
75
28
15
68
109
3
16
5
51
835
19
32
na
163
136
81
105
34
18
78
112
0
14
6
37
843
19
32
2
163
141
78
104
34
17
78
121
1
11
6
36
1,103
19
32
4
217
186
118
139
41
45
106
132
1
15
6
42
1,385
24
30
11
324
234
125
158
54
28
141
147
0
15
7
87
1,427
25
38
5
298
234
144
158
45
37
151
166
0
13
14
99
1,437
31
39
8
319
264
146
145
54
26
130
175
0
13
6
81
5,811
5,054
108
112
127
85
109
631
118
412
156
55
473
146
427
60
202
370
1,463
6,057
5,255
136
123
138
98
95
652
112
504
149
59
438
139
444
48
282
366
1,472
6,370
5,502
134
130
147
103
124
688
101
626
176
57
436
174
478
72
312
361
1,383
6,306
5,370
134
138
152
103
124
565
101
661
176
57
436
180
453
72
295
351
1,372
7,137
6,195
142
173
170
101
147
613
131
728
215
55
513
229
532
91
299
385
1,671
7,661
6,561
166
198
233
107
173
653
158
758
222
61
529
245
552
97
340
441
1,628
8,867
7,619
194
271
228
115
144
636
181
864
228
56
671
345
673
121
352
432
2,108
8,720
7,616
168
262
215
140
151
499
203
840
212
77
759
358
607
136
334
472
2,183
942
116
69
289
34
244
190
1,100
140
58
353
39
243
267
1,248
174
49
408
31
236
350
1,104
172
67
385
28
235
217
Other health
757
802
868
936
Dental sciences
74
77
87
115
Nursing
51
56
52
52
Pharmaceutical sciences
241
229
261
280
Speech pathology/audiology
22
26
48
48
Veterinary sciences
218
221
208
250
Other health, nec
151
193
212
191
na = not applicable; data were not collected at this level of detail. ne = not eligible; data were not collected for this field prior to 2007.
nec = not elsewhere classified.
a In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as
collected in 2007; "2007old" shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. Science fields "communication" and "family and consumer sciences/human sciences" are
newly eligible; data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies" is also newly eligible; data may have been reported under other
fields before 2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous years.
"Architecture" is reported as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
b In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for
more information). Thus, for increases in 2010 or 2011 over 2009 and prior-year data, it is unclear how much is from growth in postdoctoral appointment and how much is from
improved data collection. More information on changes in postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/.
NOTES: For graduate students, “field” refers to the field of the reporting unit in which the student is enrolled. For postdocs, “field” refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs
to the GSS.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and
Engineering.