TABLE 5. Distribution of science and engineering doctorates awarded, by sex, citizenship status, and major field of study of recipients: 2000–10
(Percent distribution)
Characteristic and field
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Science and engineering
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
79.5
4.0
22.5
3.3
2.7
4.0
13.0
0.7
7.7
4.6
13.9
16.0
78.4
3.8
22.3
3.3
2.6
4.0
13.2
0.7
7.8
4.7
13.3
16.0
79.4
4.1
23.1
3.3
2.8
3.7
13.0
0.6
7.8
4.6
13.0
16.3
79.1
4.2
22.5
3.4
2.7
3.9
13.0
0.7
8.1
4.3
13.0
16.4
78.0
4.0
22.6
3.6
2.6
4.1
12.7
0.6
7.6
4.5
12.7
15.8
77.0
3.7
22.7
4.0
2.6
4.3
13.0
0.7
7.6
4.8
11.9
14.8
75.9
3.5
22.3
4.9
2.5
4.4
13.2
0.7
7.9
4.6
10.9
14.3
75.7
3.6
22.7
5.2
2.7
4.4
12.8
0.7
7.3
4.8
10.3
13.9
76.1
3.3
23.7
5.4
2.6
4.3
12.4
0.8
6.8
4.8
10.2
14.0
77.2
3.5
24.0
4.8
2.6
4.6
12.8
0.8
7.1
4.9
10.4
14.4
77.2
3.0
24.3
5.0
2.6
4.8
12.7
0.8
7.0
4.9
10.3
14.5
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
20.5
0.8
2.4
1.8
5.1
0.7
1.6
3.1
5.0
21.6
0.8
2.5
2.0
5.3
0.8
1.8
3.4
5.1
20.6
0.8
2.5
2.2
4.9
0.9
1.5
3.1
4.7
20.9
0.8
2.2
2.2
4.9
0.8
1.7
3.0
5.2
22.0
0.8
2.4
2.1
5.3
0.8
1.8
2.9
5.9
23.0
0.8
2.8
2.2
5.5
0.8
1.8
3.2
5.9
24.1
0.8
2.7
2.2
6.0
0.8
2.0
3.5
6.2
24.3
0.8
2.6
2.2
6.2
0.9
2.0
3.4
6.3
23.9
0.8
2.7
2.2
5.7
0.9
1.9
3.3
6.5
22.8
0.9
2.4
2.1
5.1
0.8
1.9
3.3
6.5
22.8
0.8
2.5
1.9
5.4
0.6
2.0
3.0
6.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
73.0
4.3
19.5
4.3
3.0
4.8
15.4
0.9
8.2
6.3
7.3
14.3
71.8
3.9
19.4
4.2
2.8
4.5
15.6
0.9
8.3
6.4
7.0
14.4
72.9
4.4
20.4
4.2
3.1
4.2
15.2
0.7
8.3
6.1
6.9
14.4
72.3
4.4
19.6
4.4
3.0
4.6
15.2
0.8
8.8
5.6
6.6
14.5
71.0
3.9
19.4
4.6
2.7
4.7
15.0
0.7
8.2
6.1
6.6
14.1
70.0
3.8
18.7
5.2
2.7
5.0
15.3
0.8
8.1
6.5
6.1
13.1
68.8
3.4
18.4
6.2
2.7
5.1
15.4
0.8
8.4
6.2
5.1
12.6
68.6
3.5
19.0
6.8
2.8
5.0
14.9
0.8
7.6
6.4
4.8
11.9
68.9
3.2
19.4
7.0
2.8
4.9
14.9
0.9
7.4
6.5
5.0
11.8
69.7
3.3
19.3
6.3
2.7
5.4
15.1
0.9
7.5
6.7
5.0
12.5
70.4
2.7
19.6
6.7
2.5
5.7
15.0
0.9
7.4
6.7
5.3
12.9
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
27.0
1.2
2.9
2.4
7.0
0.8
2.0
4.3
6.2
28.2
1.1
3.0
2.6
7.3
1.0
2.2
4.9
6.3
27.1
1.2
3.0
2.9
6.9
1.1
1.9
4.4
5.8
27.7
1.1
2.7
3.0
6.9
1.0
2.2
4.3
6.6
29.0
1.1
3.0
2.8
7.3
1.1
2.4
4.1
7.3
30.0
1.1
3.4
2.9
7.7
1.0
2.2
4.5
7.3
31.2
1.2
3.2
2.9
8.4
0.9
2.3
4.9
7.4
31.4
1.2
3.2
2.8
8.5
1.0
2.5
4.8
7.5
31.1
1.2
3.2
2.9
7.9
1.0
2.4
4.7
7.8
30.3
1.3
3.0
2.8
7.2
0.9
2.3
4.7
7.9
29.6
1.1
2.9
2.4
7.5
0.8
2.5
4.4
8.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.1
3.4
27.9
1.5
2.1
2.8
8.8
0.4
6.6
90.0
3.7
27.4
1.7
2.1
3.0
8.9
0.4
6.8
90.3
3.5
27.8
1.8
2.3
2.9
9.2
0.3
7.0
90.4
3.9
27.4
1.9
2.2
2.8
9.4
0.4
6.9
89.6
4.0
28.0
2.0
2.4
3.1
8.8
0.5
6.4
88.8
3.6
29.5
2.1
2.3
3.1
9.2
0.5
6.9
87.3
3.6
28.5
2.7
2.3
3.4
9.5
0.5
7.1
86.9
3.7
28.7
2.7
2.7
3.3
9.6
0.5
6.8
86.9
3.5
30.3
3.1
2.4
3.3
8.7
0.5
5.9
88.0
3.7
30.8
2.6
2.5
3.6
9.4
0.6
6.6
87.1
3.3
31.1
2.6
2.7
3.4
9.4
0.7
6.4
Male
Female
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
TABLE 5. Distribution of science and engineering doctorates awarded, by sex, citizenship status, and major field of study of recipients: 2000–10
(Percent distribution)
Characteristic and field
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
1.7
25.6
19.0
1.7
24.4
18.8
1.9
23.3
19.5
2.0
23.5
19.5
1.9
22.8
18.5
1.9
21.5
17.6
2.0
20.2
17.1
2.3
19.0
17.2
2.3
18.2
17.4
2.2
18.2
17.2
2.4
17.6
16.9
8.9
0.2
1.4
0.8
1.7
0.4
0.8
0.9
2.7
10.0
0.3
1.7
0.9
1.7
0.5
1.1
0.9
3.0
9.7
0.3
1.6
1.1
1.6
0.7
0.9
1.0
2.7
9.6
0.3
1.5
0.9
1.5
0.6
1.0
0.8
2.9
10.4
0.2
1.5
0.9
2.0
0.4
0.9
0.9
3.6
11.2
0.3
1.7
1.1
1.9
0.4
1.1
1.1
3.6
12.7
0.2
1.9
1.0
2.2
0.6
1.3
1.3
4.2
13.1
0.3
1.6
1.3
2.5
0.6
1.3
1.1
4.4
13.1
0.2
1.8
1.1
2.5
0.6
1.2
1.2
4.5
12.0
0.3
1.6
1.1
1.9
0.5
1.2
1.1
4.3
12.9
0.3
1.8
1.3
2.3
0.4
1.3
0.9
4.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
85.0
3.3
24.9
2.7
2.8
3.4
12.1
0.8
7.2
4.0
18.9
17.0
85.0
3.1
26.0
2.6
2.5
3.2
12.4
0.8
7.5
4.1
18.3
16.8
86.1
3.2
26.5
2.7
2.8
2.8
12.4
0.7
7.9
3.8
18.1
17.6
86.2
3.6
25.8
2.8
2.9
3.3
12.4
0.8
8.0
3.5
18.2
17.2
86.1
3.6
26.7
2.8
2.8
3.2
11.8
0.7
7.5
3.5
17.7
17.5
85.7
3.5
27.4
2.9
2.8
3.4
11.8
0.8
7.6
3.5
18.0
15.9
85.2
3.5
26.7
3.5
2.8
3.7
11.9
0.7
7.6
3.6
16.8
16.3
85.3
3.6
27.9
3.7
3.2
3.5
11.6
0.8
6.9
4.0
16.0
15.7
84.0
3.2
27.7
3.8
2.9
3.6
11.5
0.9
6.6
4.0
15.6
15.6
83.9
3.4
28.0
3.7
2.8
3.9
11.9
0.9
7.1
4.0
14.7
15.4
83.5
2.9
27.9
3.9
2.9
4.2
11.7
1.0
6.6
4.1
14.3
15.7
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
15.0
0.7
2.0
1.3
3.3
0.4
1.3
2.2
3.8
15.0
0.6
2.0
1.3
3.0
0.5
1.3
2.4
3.8
13.9
0.6
2.0
1.3
2.9
0.5
1.1
2.1
3.5
13.8
0.5
1.8
1.3
2.6
0.5
1.1
2.0
4.0
13.9
0.5
1.9
1.1
2.7
0.5
1.2
1.7
4.2
14.3
0.6
1.9
1.2
3.0
0.5
1.1
1.9
4.1
14.8
0.5
2.1
1.2
2.8
0.4
1.3
2.1
4.4
14.7
0.7
1.8
1.3
2.8
0.4
1.4
1.9
4.3
16.0
0.7
2.1
1.1
3.0
0.5
1.4
2.0
5.1
16.1
0.8
2.1
1.3
2.9
0.4
1.3
2.1
5.1
16.5
0.7
2.2
1.2
3.1
0.3
1.6
2.0
5.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
79.2
3.6
22.8
3.7
3.3
4.1
15.3
1.0
8.2
6.1
10.5
15.7
79.1
3.3
24.0
3.5
2.9
3.9
16.0
1.0
8.7
6.2
10.4
15.2
80.5
3.5
24.9
3.7
3.0
3.5
15.8
1.0
9.2
5.6
10.4
15.6
80.5
4.1
24.1
3.9
3.3
4.1
15.6
1.1
9.5
5.0
10.1
15.4
80.7
3.8
24.6
3.9
3.0
4.0
15.3
0.9
9.0
5.3
10.1
16.1
79.7
3.8
25.0
4.1
3.1
4.4
15.0
1.0
8.6
5.4
10.1
14.1
79.4
3.9
24.3
4.9
3.2
4.8
15.3
0.9
8.9
5.4
8.5
14.6
79.5
3.9
25.5
5.4
3.3
4.5
14.9
1.1
7.9
5.9
8.4
13.6
78.1
3.4
25.0
5.2
3.2
4.5
15.1
1.3
7.9
5.9
8.2
13.5
77.9
3.4
24.2
5.5
3.1
5.1
15.1
1.1
8.0
6.0
7.7
13.8
77.4
2.7
23.8
5.6
3.0
5.4
14.6
1.2
7.5
6.0
8.0
14.3
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
20.8
1.1
2.5
1.7
5.0
0.6
1.7
20.9
0.9
2.6
1.8
4.6
0.6
1.6
19.5
0.9
2.6
1.8
4.5
0.6
1.4
19.5
0.8
2.4
1.8
4.1
0.5
1.5
19.3
0.8
2.5
1.5
4.2
0.6
1.8
20.3
1.0
2.6
1.6
4.6
0.7
1.5
20.6
0.8
2.8
1.6
4.5
0.4
1.7
20.5
1.1
2.4
1.8
4.4
0.5
1.9
21.9
1.1
2.7
1.5
4.6
0.5
2.0
22.1
1.3
2.8
1.8
4.6
0.4
1.6
22.6
1.1
2.7
1.4
4.8
0.4
2.1
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
U.S. citizen or permanent resident
Male U.S. citizen or permanent resident
TABLE 5. Distribution of science and engineering doctorates awarded, by sex, citizenship status, and major field of study of recipients: 2000–10
(Percent distribution)
Characteristic and field
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
3.2
5.0
3.8
4.9
3.2
4.7
3.1
5.3
2.6
5.3
2.9
5.6
3.1
5.6
3.0
5.4
3.0
6.5
3.3
6.4
3.1
7.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.1
2.7
27.8
1.2
2.0
2.3
7.6
0.5
5.9
1.2
30.5
18.9
93.1
2.9
28.6
1.4
2.0
2.2
7.6
0.4
5.9
1.3
29.2
19.0
93.4
2.7
28.6
1.5
2.4
2.0
7.9
0.3
6.2
1.4
28.1
20.2
93.6
3.0
28.1
1.4
2.2
2.2
8.2
0.4
6.1
1.7
28.8
19.6
93.1
3.3
29.3
1.5
2.5
2.2
7.3
0.5
5.6
1.3
27.6
19.3
93.3
3.1
30.4
1.4
2.3
2.1
7.8
0.5
6.2
1.1
27.9
18.2
92.3
3.0
29.8
1.8
2.4
2.3
7.7
0.5
5.9
1.3
27.0
18.4
92.3
3.3
30.8
1.7
3.0
2.3
7.7
0.4
5.7
1.7
25.3
18.2
91.1
3.0
31.0
2.1
2.6
2.6
7.3
0.6
5.2
1.6
24.3
18.1
91.0
3.4
32.4
1.7
2.5
2.5
8.2
0.6
6.0
1.6
22.9
17.2
90.6
3.2
32.8
1.9
2.7
2.7
8.1
0.7
5.6
1.8
21.8
17.3
6.9
0.2
1.3
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.7
0.7
2.1
6.9
0.3
1.2
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.5
2.3
6.6
0.2
1.1
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.7
0.6
1.9
6.4
0.2
1.0
0.7
0.8
0.3
0.6
0.5
2.3
6.9
0.1
1.1
0.6
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.6
2.8
6.7
0.2
1.1
0.7
1.0
0.2
0.7
0.6
2.3
7.7
0.2
1.3
0.6
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.8
2.8
7.7
0.2
1.0
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.9
0.6
3.1
8.9
0.2
1.5
0.7
1.1
0.4
0.8
0.8
3.5
9.0
0.2
1.3
0.8
1.0
0.3
0.9
0.8
3.7
9.4
0.2
1.5
0.9
1.2
0.3
1.0
0.7
3.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
68.0
5.8
18.1
4.7
2.4
5.8
15.0
0.5
8.5
6.0
2.1
14.1
64.9
5.1
15.6
4.5
2.8
5.5
15.2
0.7
8.4
6.0
1.9
14.4
65.6
5.7
16.8
4.5
2.9
5.7
14.4
0.4
7.7
6.2
2.1
13.6
65.2
5.1
16.7
4.5
2.4
5.2
14.5
0.4
8.2
5.9
2.3
14.5
63.9
4.6
16.1
5.0
2.4
5.8
14.7
0.5
7.9
6.3
2.1
13.2
63.9
4.0
16.1
5.7
2.2
5.8
14.9
0.6
7.7
6.6
2.0
13.1
62.9
3.5
16.0
6.9
2.1
5.7
14.9
0.6
8.3
6.1
2.2
11.6
62.8
3.5
16.5
7.3
2.3
5.6
14.4
0.6
7.7
6.0
1.9
11.4
64.4
3.4
18.2
8.0
2.3
5.2
13.7
0.5
7.0
6.2
2.0
11.7
65.5
3.6
17.9
6.4
2.4
5.8
14.2
0.7
7.3
6.2
2.1
13.0
65.9
3.0
18.4
6.8
2.2
6.0
14.6
0.6
7.5
6.5
2.4
12.4
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
32.0
1.0
3.3
3.3
8.6
1.2
2.1
5.2
7.3
35.1
1.1
3.4
3.3
9.8
1.4
2.8
5.7
7.5
34.4
1.4
3.5
4.0
9.0
1.7
2.3
5.4
7.2
34.8
1.3
3.3
4.0
9.3
1.6
2.9
4.8
7.6
36.1
1.3
3.3
3.8
9.5
1.5
2.8
5.0
8.9
36.1
1.1
3.9
3.9
9.4
1.2
2.8
5.2
8.5
37.1
1.0
3.5
3.6
10.5
1.2
2.9
5.6
8.7
37.2
1.0
3.7
3.5
10.5
1.4
2.9
5.4
8.8
35.6
1.0
3.5
3.7
9.6
1.4
2.7
5.2
8.5
34.5
1.0
3.1
3.4
8.6
1.4
2.9
5.3
8.7
34.1
0.9
3.2
3.3
9.2
1.2
2.9
4.6
8.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
63.0
5.6
14.4
5.4
2.3
6.2
60.2
4.6
12.4
5.2
2.9
5.4
60.6
5.5
13.6
5.0
3.2
5.5
59.8
4.6
13.1
5.1
2.4
5.4
58.0
4.0
12.3
5.6
2.4
5.7
58.7
3.8
11.6
6.5
2.2
5.9
56.9
2.9
11.6
7.8
2.0
5.6
57.3
3.1
12.5
8.3
2.3
5.7
58.3
2.9
13.0
9.2
2.4
5.3
58.7
3.2
13.2
7.4
2.3
5.8
60.2
2.7
13.7
7.9
1.9
6.3
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Female U.S. citizen or permanent resident
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Temporary visa holder
Male temporary visa holder
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
TABLE 5. Distribution of science and engineering doctorates awarded, by sex, citizenship status, and major field of study of recipients: 2000–10
(Percent distribution)
Characteristic and field
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
15.5
0.6
8.2
6.7
1.2
12.3
15.6
0.7
7.9
6.9
1.1
12.9
14.3
0.5
6.9
7.0
1.1
12.3
15.1
0.4
7.9
6.8
1.2
12.9
15.1
0.5
7.3
7.4
1.1
11.7
15.7
0.7
7.3
7.7
1.1
12.0
15.6
0.6
7.8
7.3
1.1
10.3
14.8
0.6
7.2
7.0
0.8
9.9
14.8
0.6
6.8
7.3
1.0
9.8
15.0
0.7
6.8
7.5
1.0
10.9
15.7
0.6
7.3
7.8
1.0
10.9
37.0
1.2
3.7
3.8
10.1
1.4
2.4
6.4
8.1
39.8
1.3
3.5
3.9
11.4
1.6
3.0
6.9
8.3
39.4
1.7
3.6
4.6
10.8
1.9
2.6
6.5
7.8
40.2
1.6
3.3
4.8
11.2
1.7
3.1
6.0
8.5
42.0
1.6
3.6
4.6
11.3
1.7
3.1
6.2
10.0
41.3
1.3
4.2
4.5
11.3
1.5
3.0
6.2
9.3
43.1
1.3
3.6
4.4
12.8
1.4
3.1
7.1
9.4
42.7
1.2
4.0
3.8
12.6
1.5
3.2
6.8
9.6
41.7
1.3
3.9
4.4
11.6
1.6
3.0
6.6
9.4
41.3
1.3
3.4
4.1
10.7
1.6
3.3
6.8
10.0
39.8
1.1
3.3
3.9
11.1
1.4
3.3
6.0
9.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
83.8
6.3
29.7
2.6
2.5
4.5
13.4
0.3
9.3
3.8
5.1
19.7
79.3
6.5
25.4
2.4
2.4
5.5
13.7
0.4
10.0
3.3
4.3
19.0
80.3
6.0
26.3
3.2
2.2
6.1
14.4
0.2
10.2
4.0
4.9
17.3
80.0
6.4
26.4
3.0
2.4
4.7
12.8
0.4
9.0
3.3
5.4
18.9
80.0
6.2
26.2
3.3
2.4
5.9
13.5
0.5
9.6
3.4
4.8
17.6
77.6
4.6
28.1
3.7
2.4
5.6
12.8
0.5
8.7
3.7
4.5
16.0
77.0
4.8
26.3
4.8
2.2
6.1
13.4
0.5
9.4
3.5
4.7
14.6
75.8
4.4
25.8
4.9
2.3
5.5
13.4
0.7
9.0
3.8
4.5
14.9
78.2
4.6
29.9
5.2
2.2
4.9
11.4
0.3
7.2
3.8
4.2
15.9
80.3
4.4
28.1
4.5
2.6
6.0
12.4
0.6
8.3
3.5
4.5
17.7
77.9
3.7
28.3
4.3
2.8
5.4
12.3
0.6
7.9
3.8
5.3
15.7
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
16.2
0.2
1.9
1.7
3.7
0.8
1.2
1.8
4.9
20.7
0.4
3.4
1.7
4.9
0.8
2.2
2.3
5.0
19.7
0.5
3.2
2.1
3.7
1.4
1.5
2.1
5.3
20.0
0.7
3.1
1.8
4.1
1.4
2.4
1.7
4.9
20.0
0.5
2.6
1.6
4.8
0.9
1.9
1.7
6.0
22.4
0.6
3.2
2.2
4.3
0.6
2.2
2.5
6.7
23.0
0.3
3.0
1.7
5.3
1.0
2.4
2.2
7.2
24.2
0.3
3.0
2.8
5.5
1.1
2.4
2.2
6.9
21.8
0.3
2.5
2.2
5.2
1.0
2.1
1.9
6.6
19.7
0.4
2.6
2.0
4.0
1.0
1.8
2.0
6.1
22.1
0.4
2.8
2.2
5.1
0.9
2.1
1.6
7.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
74.6
3.0
16.7
3.0
3.2
2.7
13.4
0.3
8.4
4.6
18.8
13.7
78.0
5.6
16.3
3.6
2.4
3.8
10.2
0.7
6.2
3.2
20.8
15.2
80.5
6.0
20.3
2.7
2.5
2.7
11.5
0.3
7.2
4.0
17.8
17.0
83.6
6.1
20.6
3.6
2.7
3.2
10.6
0.3
7.5
2.9
18.8
18.0
79.4
4.4
19.7
3.0
1.8
2.8
9.7
0.2
5.9
3.5
25.5
12.6
75.1
4.3
19.0
4.2
2.4
3.9
12.4
0.1
7.3
5.0
14.3
14.6
72.7
3.1
20.4
4.7
2.8
2.8
13.4
0.6
9.3
3.5
12.7
12.9
71.9
3.6
17.2
5.4
1.8
4.2
13.3
0.4
8.2
4.7
12.1
14.3
75.2
3.2
21.2
5.1
2.1
4.5
12.6
0.6
8.2
3.9
13.0
13.6
82.6
4.0
20.2
5.7
1.5
4.4
12.9
0.5
7.3
5.1
19.9
14.0
78.6
3.3
21.1
6.1
2.2
3.6
11.9
0.5
7.2
4.2
15.4
15.0
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
25.4
1.1
2.1
0.9
22.0
1.2
2.6
1.3
19.5
0.7
2.4
2.2
16.4
0.7
1.1
1.3
20.6
0.6
2.8
1.4
24.9
0.4
4.0
1.9
27.3
2.0
2.8
3.0
28.1
1.4
2.5
2.1
24.8
1.0
2.3
2.3
17.4
0.7
0.9
1.9
21.4
0.6
1.7
1.9
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Female temporary visa holder
Citizenship unknown
TABLE 5. Distribution of science and engineering doctorates awarded, by sex, citizenship status, and major field of study of recipients: 2000–10
(Percent distribution)
Characteristic and field
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
8.9
0.4
1.9
2.7
7.3
6.7
0.6
1.7
2.4
5.4
4.6
1.1
1.6
2.5
4.3
3.8
0.4
1.2
2.7
5.1
6.3
0.4
1.4
1.9
5.8
5.5
1.2
1.7
3.1
7.1
6.1
1.5
2.2
3.0
6.7
8.2
1.6
1.6
3.0
7.6
6.7
0.9
1.9
3.6
6.2
4.4
0.5
1.4
1.8
5.8
6.2
0.6
1.7
3.4
5.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
68.6
3.9
15.1
3.9
4.1
2.9
15.6
0.6
9.0
6.1
11.3
11.9
70.9
6.1
15.7
4.3
2.2
4.7
11.6
0.8
6.8
4.0
10.9
15.4
77.0
6.9
20.1
3.2
3.3
3.1
14.4
0.2
8.5
5.7
10.2
15.8
76.5
5.7
20.3
4.3
3.5
4.2
11.3
0.4
7.1
3.8
10.4
16.8
72.8
4.9
20.2
3.1
2.6
3.8
12.0
0.4
7.5
4.1
13.9
12.4
68.6
4.3
15.7
5.2
2.7
4.6
15.0
0.0
8.5
6.5
8.1
13.1
66.4
2.8
18.2
5.6
3.1
3.2
14.8
0.9
9.4
4.5
6.4
12.3
64.7
3.1
15.0
6.9
1.8
5.1
15.2
0.4
8.5
6.2
5.5
12.1
69.5
2.6
20.0
6.1
2.0
5.1
14.2
0.8
8.5
4.9
7.6
11.9
76.3
4.0
18.2
7.3
1.7
5.3
16.0
0.6
8.6
6.9
10.2
13.7
71.0
3.2
18.5
8.7
2.3
4.4
12.9
0.6
6.5
5.7
7.9
13.2
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
31.4
1.1
2.8
1.1
11.2
0.3
2.5
3.7
8.7
29.1
1.5
2.8
1.9
9.8
0.6
2.6
3.2
6.6
23.0
0.9
2.6
2.6
5.8
0.7
2.1
3.4
4.9
23.5
1.2
1.6
2.0
5.7
0.6
1.7
3.9
6.8
27.2
0.8
3.1
1.9
8.4
0.4
2.0
2.9
7.8
31.4
0.6
4.7
2.6
7.5
0.9
2.4
4.8
8.0
33.6
2.7
3.2
3.5
8.3
1.8
2.1
3.9
8.1
35.3
2.0
3.2
2.3
10.9
1.8
1.9
4.3
8.7
30.5
1.2
2.7
3.4
8.2
0.9
2.4
4.8
6.8
23.7
0.8
1.4
2.7
6.3
0.6
1.9
2.7
7.2
29.0
1.0
2.2
2.3
8.4
0.8
2.2
5.3
6.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
88.7
1.3
20.5
1.3
1.0
2.8
9.7
0.0
7.4
2.3
34.6
17.4
89.9
3.7
17.0
2.3
2.8
2.8
7.8
0.7
5.0
2.1
38.5
15.1
87.0
4.1
21.9
1.4
1.2
2.1
7.0
0.4
5.4
1.2
31.3
17.9
94.9
6.7
21.1
2.3
1.4
1.6
9.5
0.0
8.1
1.4
32.3
20.0
89.3
3.6
19.1
2.8
0.6
1.3
6.0
0.0
3.4
2.6
43.0
12.9
87.9
4.1
24.9
2.4
2.0
2.6
8.4
0.4
5.8
2.2
26.0
17.5
84.2
3.9
24.3
3.0
2.2
2.2
10.3
0.0
8.7
1.6
24.3
13.8
85.4
4.3
21.5
2.7
1.7
2.6
9.9
0.3
7.8
1.9
24.6
18.1
85.4
4.1
23.1
3.3
2.3
3.4
10.0
0.2
7.7
2.1
22.5
16.7
91.1
3.7
22.9
3.6
1.2
3.1
8.1
0.5
5.3
2.3
33.9
14.6
89.8
3.4
24.8
2.3
2.1
2.5
10.5
0.3
8.3
1.9
26.5
17.7
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
11.3
0.8
0.8
0.5
3.6
0.5
10.1
0.5
2.1
0.2
2.1
0.5
13.0
0.6
2.3
1.4
1.9
1.9
5.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.9
0.2
10.7
0.4
2.3
0.8
3.2
0.4
12.1
0.0
2.8
0.6
2.0
1.3
15.8
0.6
2.2
2.2
2.0
1.0
14.6
0.3
1.2
1.7
3.1
1.2
14.6
0.7
1.5
0.3
3.9
0.8
8.9
0.5
0.3
0.8
2.0
0.5
10.2
0.1
1.1
1.3
2.9
0.1
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Male citizenship unknown
Female citizenship unknown
TABLE 5. Distribution of science and engineering doctorates awarded, by sex, citizenship status, and major field of study of recipients: 2000–10
(Percent distribution)
Characteristic and field
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0.8
1.0
3.3
0.5
0.9
3.4
1.0
0.8
3.1
0.5
0.7
2.3
0.6
0.4
2.8
0.4
0.4
4.6
2.2
1.4
4.1
1.1
0.7
5.4
1.0
1.5
4.9
0.6
0.5
3.7
0.9
0.8
2.8
NOTES: Persons whose sex is unknown are included in totals but are not shown separately. Categories are grouped according to National Science Foundation taxonomy, which is
different from the classification listed in questionnaire and summary reports. That is, the following categories are included in social sciences and not in humanities: American/U.S.
studies; history, science and technology, and society; and archaeology. In addition, public administration is included in social sciences and not in professional fields, agricultural
economics is included in social sciences and not in biological sciences, and agricultural business and management is included in business management/administration and not in
agricultural sciences.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.