TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
All degrees levels and occupationsb
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
67,000
60,000
50,000
47,000
62,000
58,000
73,000
68,000
75,000
70,000
80,000
69,000
80,000
62,000
75,000
69,000
64,000
60,000
57,000
75,000
60,000
67,000
59,000
53,000
60,000
46,000
48,000
48,000
59,000
75,000
60,000
60,000
56,000
71,000
89,000
64,000
72,000
70,000
55,000
85,000
67,000
74,000
68,000
65,000
80,000
70,000
80,000
75,000
39,000
80,000
62,000
80,000
64,000
53,000
70,000
64,000
75,000
54,000
S
69,000
50,000
65,000
57,000
80,000
70,000
57,000
52,000
73,000
67,000
84,000
79,000
89,000
80,000
92,000
88,000
91,000
79,000
86,000
93,000
84,000
67,000
66,000
82,000
74,000
80,000
70,000
53,000
68,000
56,000
55,000
56,000
75,000
79,000
73,000
71,000
65,000
81,000
90,000
79,000
82,000
84,000
60,000
100,000
82,000
87,000
77,000
63,000
95,000
77,000
93,000
84,000
77,000
96,000
81,000
92,000
70,000
D
83,000
81,000
87,000
92,000
D
87,000
77,000
85,000
54,000
75,000
65,000
52,000
49,000
70,000
62,000
80,000
75,000
85,000
75,000
90,000
81,000
83,000
77,000
80,000
70,000
80,000
72,000
65,000
80,000
70,000
75,000
62,000
48,000
65,000
53,000
48,000
50,000
75,000
78,000
70,000
66,000
55,000
82,000
90,000
75,000
80,000
81,000
59,000
100,000
77,000
84,000
64,000
57,000
90,000
77,000
90,000
79,000
D
91,000
71,000
85,000
51,000
D
69,000
78,000
80,000
100,000
D
81,000
78,000
79,000
57,000
56,000
58,000
40,000
45,000
51,000
55,000
68,000
52,000
78,000
81,000
70,000
73,000
74,000
77,000
66,000
58,000
65,000
92,000
49,000
60,000
64,000
55,000
57,000
D
41,000
49,000
39,000
41,000
51,000
62,000
60,000
50,000
58,000
D
85,000
72,000
62,000
62,000
D
85,000
D
73,000
D
D
47,000
65,000
75,000
S
D
79,000
S
73,000
73,000
D
60,000
D
68,000
110,000
D
69,000
40,000
64,000
D
Agricultural/food scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
50,000
82,000
38,000
S
47,000
50,000
49,000
D
74,000
90,000
67,000
D
54,000
D
60,000
D
42,000
D
D
58,000
89,000
46,000
52,000
D
37,000
37,000
36,000
D
D
64,000
40,000
46,000
D
D
78,000
92,000
47,000
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
67,000
D
D
53,000
D
42,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
41,000
D
Biological/medical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
60,000
50,000
41,000
46,000
56,000
56,000
74,000
50,000
83,000
89,000
80,000
S
77,000
77,000
66,000
58,000
69,000
92,000
48,000
61,000
70,000
59,000
56,000
D
43,000
50,000
40,000
38,000
51,000
64,000
58,000
50,000
63,000
D
85,000
73,000
68,000
D
D
84,000
D
83,000
D
D
65,000
82,000
88,000
D
D
82,000
S
77,000
D
D
59,000
D
69,000
D
D
57,000
D
70,000
D
S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Science occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
Environmental life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
55,000
62,000
42,000
D
50,000
23,000
52,000
D
D
D
60,000
D
80,000
D
51,000
D
65,000
D
D
D
65,000
55,000
50,000
D
D
D
44,000
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
52,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
60,000
D
D
D
D
80,000
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
62,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
55,000
64,000
17,000
20,000
46,000
S
55,000
67,000
63,000
64,000
65,000
72,000
74,000
D
80,000
S
71,000
D
D
S
47,000
54,000
62,000
D
14,000
S
16,000
S
D
D
48,000
47,000
D
D
D
38,000
51,000
D
D
85,000
D
55,000
D
D
39,000
60,000
71,000
D
D
D
D
74,000
70,000
D
D
D
80,000
D
D
58,000
D
80,000
D
82,000
75,000
64,000
60,000
78,000
69,000
86,000
80,000
90,000
70,000
94,000
100,000
88,000
70,000
81,000
69,000
85,000
66,000
75,000
86,000
75,000
82,000
73,000
D
71,000
56,000
59,000
59,000
74,000
84,000
74,000
77,000
61,000
82,000
92,000
79,000
85,000
90,000
D
100,000
78,000
87,000
63,000
D
97,000
79,000
95,000
77,000
D
93,000
63,000
89,000
70,000
D
70,000
80,000
83,000
102,000
D
88,000
85,000
85,000
59,000
Computer/information scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
83,000
75,000
65,000
60,000
79,000
69,000
87,000
80,000
90,000
68,000
95,000
100,000
88,000
75,000
83,000
68,000
88,000
68,000
81,000
88,000
75,000
84,000
74,000
D
72,000
57,000
60,000
59,000
D
84,000
74,000
78,000
62,000
82,000
92,000
79,000
85,000
90,000
D
101,000
73,000
87,000
62,000
D
97,000
79,000
95,000
77,000
D
94,000
73,000
88,000
70,000
D
75,000
81,000
83,000
89,000
D
89,000
84,000
88,000
59,000
Mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
81,000
70,000
70,000
62,000
75,000
59,000
87,000
D
85,000
D
88,000
D
107,000
D
70,000
D
77,000
D
D
78,000
82,000
85,000
60,000
D
74,000
68,000
66,000
58,000
D
76,000
73,000
79,000
D
D
107,000
86,000
79,000
D
D
94,000
79,000
87,000
D
D
84,000
D
89,000
D
D
55,000
D
109,000
D
D
61,000
D
81,000
D
D
48,000
D
S
D
50,000
24,000
54,000
60,000
65,000
48,000
50,000
56,000
30,000
36,000
34,000
S
S
68,000
45,000
D
D
D
39,000
62,000
49,000
48,000
55,000
D
45,000
48,000
23,000
D
D
S
54,000
55,000
D
D
68,000
D
60,000
D
D
77,000
D
65,000
D
D
99,000
D
43,000
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
D
62,000
D
53,000
D
D
67,000
D
29,000
D
Computer/mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
68,000
60,000
41,000
41,000
60,000
60,000
70,000
54,000
80,000
72,000
80,000
S
85,000
91,000
86,000
85,000
79,000
71,000
66,000
72,000
52,000
70,000
49,000
S
43,000
40,000
42,000
37,000
58,000
71,000
61,000
55,000
53,000
D
61,000
78,000
72,000
D
D
86,000
D
83,000
D
D
82,000
D
80,000
D
D
62,000
68,000
88,000
S
D
71,000
76,000
89,000
51,000
D
81,000
37,000
74,000
D
Chemists, except biochemists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
70,000
56,000
42,000
33,000
63,000
46,000
70,000
43,000
80,000
D
82,000
D
74,000
90,000
82,000
D
77,000
D
D
72,000
52,000
70,000
50,000
D
42,000
40,000
42,000
S
D
71,000
54,000
55,000
47,000
D
59,000
69,000
74,000
D
D
80,000
D
85,000
D
D
79,000
D
88,000
D
D
S
D
74,000
D
D
66,000
66,000
85,000
D
D
81,000
D
74,000
D
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
70,000
67,000
46,000
43,000
62,000
D
75,000
81,000
85,000
60,000
75,000
D
86,000
D
90,000
D
60,000
D
62,000
68,000
46,000
71,000
52,000
D
60,000
38,000
46,000
37,000
D
59,000
D
66,000
50,000
D
87,000
D
70,000
D
D
D
D
86,000
D
D
79,000
D
74,000
D
D
D
D
86,000
D
D
D
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
Physicists/astronomers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
81,000
56,000
42,000
37,000
75,000
42,000
106,000
D
114,000
D
120,000
D
110,000
D
134,000
D
89,000
D
D
74,000
S
89,000
22,000
D
44,000
16,000
45,000
19,000
D
89,000
D
73,000
D
D
D
D
107,000
D
D
130,000
D
114,000
D
D
105,000
D
121,000
D
D
98,000
D
114,000
D
D
D
D
133,000
D
D
D
D
99,000
D
54,000
22,000
52,000
61,000
68,000
76,000
81,000
80,000
64,000
51,000
22,000
59,000
63,000
79,000
72,000
62,000
D
D
D
56,000
54,000
55,000
S
D
19,000
29,000
23,000
S
D
59,000
55,000
51,000
D
D
D
68,000
63,000
D
D
82,000
D
65,000
47,000
D
82,000
D
76,000
D
D
84,000
D
83,000
D
D
113,000
81,000
79,000
D
D
78,000
D
61,000
D
65,000
62,000
49,000
42,000
49,000
64,000
67,000
D
63,000
D
69,000
D
86,000
D
61,000
D
91,000
D
D
63,000
75,000
66,000
46,000
D
S
D
49,000
D
D
D
56,000
44,000
D
D
D
D
66,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
68,000
D
D
D
D
92,000
D
D
D
D
62,000
D
D
D
D
96,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
60,000
58,000
40,000
48,000
60,000
58,000
70,000
65,000
70,000
62,000
83,000
58,000
73,000
53,000
74,000
S
70,000
65,000
60,000
62,000
62,000
60,000
39,000
D
42,000
48,000
40,000
39,000
D
67,000
61,000
58,000
21,000
D
71,000
65,000
69,000
80,000
48,000
96,000
64,000
72,000
S
D
79,000
55,000
88,000
45,000
D
D
71,000
75,000
D
D
75,000
D
74,000
102,000
D
S
35,000
70,000
D
91,000
61,000
59,000
60,000
78,000
98,000
145,000
D
113,000
D
99,000
D
140,000
D
105,000
D
68,000
D
D
78,000
59,000
100,000
46,000
D
S
59,000
50,000
D
D
68,000
49,000
91,000
D
D
95,000
D
125,000
D
D
136,000
D
109,000
D
D
D
D
108,000
D
D
D
D
140,000
D
D
D
D
105,000
D
D
D
D
68,000
D
70,000
47,000
45,000
43,000
97,000
D
67,000
D
D
D
D
D
95,000
D
123,000
D
67,000
D
D
70,000
56,000
70,000
49,000
D
D
54,000
40,000
D
D
D
D
101,000
D
D
D
D
68,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
94,000
D
D
D
D
123,000
D
D
D
D
66,000
D
54,000
20,000
50,000
61,000
67,000
71,000
69,000
80,000
52,000
57,000
S
58,000
66,000
62,000
54,000
D
11,000
D
50,000
54,000
60,000
55,000
D
D
20,000
49,000
20,000
S
D
61,000
57,000
47,000
20,000
30,000
64,000
64,000
60,000
D
D
131,000
64,000
67,000
D
D
D
86,000
74,000
D
D
D
74,000
77,000
D
D
85,000
D
80,000
100,000
D
D
D
52,000
D
Psychologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
58,000
52,000
40,000
43,000
56,000
57,000
63,000
85,000
69,000
59,000
69,000
60,000
69,000
D
60,000
D
55,000
D
41,000
49,000
59,000
58,000
49,000
D
42,000
S
39,000
S
43,000
S
59,000
55,000
D
D
70,000
74,000
60,000
83,000
D
D
68,000
70,000
D
D
51,000
51,000
72,000
D
D
D
86,000
69,000
76,000
D
D
84,000
60,000
D
D
D
D
55,000
D
Sociologists/anthropologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
40,000
S
26,000
S
32,000
D
46,000
D
65,000
D
69,000
D
83,000
D
71,000
D
D
D
D
68,000
34,000
41,000
22,000
D
38,000
S
S
21,000
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
69,000
D
D
D
D
82,000
D
D
D
D
60,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
Economists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Political/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Other social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
73,000
62,000
46,000
61,000
69,000
63,000
80,000
S
89,000
D
104,000
D
87,000
D
S
D
122,000
D
D
74,000
65,000
77,000
64,000
D
50,000
47,000
45,000
39,000
D
98,000
89,000
65,000
D
D
S
D
80,000
D
D
89,000
D
89,000
D
D
D
D
136,000
D
D
D
D
91,000
D
D
59,000
D
76,000
D
D
D
D
136,000
D
85,000
78,000
65,000
60,000
80,000
78,000
87,000
80,000
95,000
91,000
96,000
90,000
100,000
89,000
97,000
109,000
89,000
49,000
85,000
85,000
81,000
87,000
80,000
61,000
70,000
68,000
64,000
65,000
82,000
84,000
80,000
80,000
80,000
D
95,000
85,000
86,000
85,000
136,000
99,000
90,000
95,000
102,000
D
100,000
77,000
96,000
97,000
D
100,000
89,000
100,000
95,000
D
96,000
98,000
97,000
80,000
D
93,000
D
90,000
S
99,000
75,000
65,000
62,000
85,000
76,000
95,000
D
115,000
D
104,000
98,000
122,000
D
118,000
D
105,000
D
D
90,000
69,000
101,000
90,000
D
64,000
60,000
69,000
67,000
D
82,000
D
85,000
96,000
D
91,000
D
99,000
D
D
103,000
D
116,000
D
D
102,000
D
109,000
D
D
D
D
122,000
D
D
118,000
D
113,000
D
D
111,000
D
109,000
D
94,000
79,000
68,000
65,000
82,000
69,000
86,000
D
93,000
S
105,000
D
102,000
D
117,000
D
114,000
D
D
100,000
88,000
94,000
91,000
D
68,000
D
68,000
68,000
D
80,000
D
81,000
D
D
103,000
D
85,000
D
D
115,000
D
92,000
D
D
98,000
D
105,000
D
D
131,000
D
100,000
D
D
109,000
D
118,000
D
D
92,000
D
116,000
D
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
80,000
70,000
57,000
56,000
69,000
66,000
80,000
80,000
88,000
84,000
87,000
D
94,000
70,000
89,000
S
90,000
44,000
66,000
80,000
76,000
80,000
80,000
D
68,000
67,000
55,000
60,000
D
80,000
67,000
69,000
65,000
D
83,000
79,000
80,000
100,000
D
93,000
81,000
88,000
D
D
100,000
59,000
87,000
D
D
99,000
D
93,000
D
D
73,000
D
95,000
D
D
87,000
D
99,000
D
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
93,000
84,000
70,000
60,000
88,000
82,000
94,000
84,000
100,000
88,000
101,000
89,000
103,000
110,000
97,000
115,000
95,000
D
88,000
94,000
86,000
95,000
84,000
D
77,000
69,000
70,000
67,000
D
90,000
83,000
87,000
80,000
D
105,000
89,000
93,000
D
D
100,000
D
100,000
D
D
105,000
98,000
102,000
113,000
D
105,000
112,000
103,000
D
D
84,000
98,000
96,000
D
D
98,000
D
96,000
D
Industrial engineers
Hispanic or Latino
76,000
69,000
64,000
55,000
79,000
76,000
75,000
68,000
86,000
83,000
79,000
D
78,000
D
102,000
D
67,000
D
Engineering occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Chemical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
D
72,000
68,000
81,000
68,000
D
62,000
63,000
69,000
D
D
71,000
86,000
81,000
D
D
71,000
87,000
81,000
D
D
D
D
87,000
D
D
80,000
D
79,000
D
D
D
D
79,000
D
D
D
D
104,000
D
D
D
D
68,000
D
85,000
79,000
65,000
63,000
80,000
81,000
90,000
72,000
94,000
108,000
93,000
92,000
97,000
73,000
89,000
D
94,000
D
104,000
83,000
84,000
85,000
68,000
50,000
71,000
75,000
64,000
67,000
D
82,000
74,000
80,000
85,000
D
92,000
D
88,000
D
D
91,000
D
92,000
D
D
96,000
D
92,000
D
D
95,000
D
99,000
D
D
95,000
D
87,000
D
D
102,000
D
95,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
78,000
73,000
S
21,000
73,000
88,000
84,000
D
93,000
93,000
82,000
D
97,000
D
97,000
D
74,000
D
D
80,000
51,000
78,000
19,000
D
72,000
S
54,000
16,000
D
82,000
S
69,000
D
D
90,000
71,000
85,000
D
D
91,000
D
93,000
D
D
99,000
D
79,000
D
D
104,000
D
99,000
D
D
94,000
D
101,000
D
D
S
D
74,000
D
Other engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
83,000
79,000
62,000
58,000
78,000
70,000
84,000
80,000
99,000
94,000
92,000
86,000
96,000
53,000
97,000
D
74,000
102,000
80,000
80,000
80,000
85,000
76,000
D
63,000
60,000
62,000
67,000
D
79,000
90,000
75,000
70,000
D
94,000
83,000
81,000
D
D
89,000
108,000
99,000
D
D
78,000
49,000
96,000
D
D
D
D
97,000
D
D
D
D
97,000
D
D
88,000
D
73,000
D
67,000
65,000
51,000
53,000
60,000
58,000
70,000
66,000
69,000
72,000
75,000
76,000
80,000
70,000
77,000
68,000
80,000
74,000
57,000
80,000
62,000
66,000
59,000
51,000
53,000
53,000
50,000
49,000
D
83,000
61,000
60,000
50,000
D
90,000
65,000
67,000
66,000
71,000
87,000
64,000
68,000
53,000
D
89,000
69,000
75,000
68,000
D
82,000
69,000
80,000
78,000
45,000
78,000
70,000
79,000
73,000
D
80,000
54,000
80,000
62,000
Health occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
65,000
65,000
52,000
54,000
64,000
60,000
67,000
65,000
64,000
65,000
72,000
92,000
80,000
68,000
76,000
74,000
79,000
76,000
61,000
80,000
60,000
65,000
59,000
51,000
54,000
54,000
52,000
50,000
D
93,000
61,000
63,000
58,000
D
88,000
64,000
64,000
70,000
61,000
80,000
63,000
60,000
49,000
S
87,000
61,000
71,000
75,000
68,000
81,000
64,000
80,000
72,000
D
74,000
73,000
77,000
70,000
D
86,000
S
80,000
54,000
S&E managers, including health
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
110,000
101,000
91,000
85,000
97,000
90,000
108,000
112,000
110,000
110,000
115,000
125,000
120,000
102,000
114,000
D
116,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Mechanical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
119,000
95,000
110,000
93,000
78,000
89,000
96,000
88,000
110,000
84,000
99,000
D
115,000
106,000
107,000
64,000
125,000
101,000
108,000
D
141,000
92,000
113,000
D
132,000
137,000
119,000
D
115,000
64,000
120,000
D
101,000
D
119,000
98,000
S&E precollege teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
51,000
50,000
45,000
49,000
50,000
46,000
54,000
55,000
57,000
61,000
59,000
36,000
58,000
D
50,000
D
52,000
D
50,000
50,000
49,000
51,000
41,000
D
47,000
45,000
45,000
38,000
D
42,000
46,000
50,000
46,000
D
71,000
53,000
53,000
D
D
D
48,000
57,000
D
D
D
55,000
60,000
D
D
53,000
D
57,000
D
D
D
50,000
50,000
D
D
D
45,000
53,000
D
S&E technicians/technologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
63,000
57,000
44,000
43,000
53,000
54,000
75,000
77,000
72,000
73,000
70,000
51,000
71,000
64,000
71,000
D
65,000
D
35,000
68,000
67,000
64,000
57,000
D
52,000
44,000
43,000
25,000
D
61,000
60,000
51,000
49,000
D
85,000
65,000
65,000
54,000
D
89,000
67,000
71,000
86,000
D
60,000
77,000
70,000
D
D
61,000
D
75,000
D
D
84,000
60,000
70,000
D
D
51,000
D
67,000
D
Other S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
79,000
74,000
59,000
52,000
68,000
53,000
72,000
77,000
78,000
D
90,000
S
90,000
D
85,000
D
80,000
D
D
79,000
84,000
80,000
63,000
D
60,000
53,000
57,000
D
D
72,000
D
68,000
D
D
79,000
D
71,000
D
D
D
D
78,000
D
D
D
78,000
90,000
D
D
84,000
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
85,000
D
D
D
D
97,000
D
57,000
51,000
43,000
42,000
54,000
55,000
65,000
56,000
66,000
63,000
68,000
58,000
70,000
44,000
64,000
65,000
50,000
49,000
50,000
55,000
51,000
60,000
49,000
52,000
49,000
40,000
42,000
41,000
47,000
62,000
50,000
52,000
50,000
D
74,000
58,000
64,000
61,000
44,000
58,000
64,000
70,000
69,000
63,000
53,000
68,000
69,000
74,000
31,000
57,000
51,000
75,000
47,000
53,000
50,000
60,000
65,000
40,000
79,000
42,000
39,000
50,000
50,000
Arts/humanities/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
46,000
63,000
36,000
S
48,000
55,000
49,000
48,000
59,000
D
38,000
S
62,000
D
49,000
D
37,000
D
D
38,000
53,000
45,000
S
D
36,000
36,000
35,000
S
D
72,000
54,000
40,000
D
D
D
19,000
48,000
59,000
D
S
D
59,000
D
D
D
D
38,000
D
D
D
D
60,000
D
D
4,000
D
52,000
D
D
D
D
36,000
D
Management-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
73,000
64,000
57,000
48,000
68,000
68,000
88,000
66,000
75,000
68,000
77,000
64,000
83,000
80,000
78,000
82,000
61,000
63,000
80,000
73,000
70,000
D
64,000
65,000
D
80,000
65,000
D
85,000
79,000
D
79,000
69,000
D
69,000
83,000
D
63,000
60,000
D
59,000
75,000
D
68,000
S
Non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
75,000
54,000
52,000
50,000
65,000
40,000
93,000
72,000
74,000
107,000
78,000
72,000
88,000
D
78,000
S
62,000
D
Non-S&E managers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
110,000
100,000
84,000
63,000
94,000
99,000
105,000
99,000
119,000
114,000
125,000
130,000
120,000
112,000
121,000
105,000
120,000
130,000
76,000
110,000
89,000
114,000
127,000
D
96,000
63,000
85,000
74,000
D
102,000
88,000
93,000
148,000
D
125,000
84,000
109,000
103,000
D
98,000
83,000
120,000
D
D
121,000
94,000
126,000
S
D
117,000
99,000
119,000
D
D
125,000
96,000
125,000
D
D
100,000
87,000
120,000
D
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
49,000
49,000
23,000
58,000
50,000
50,000
54,000
42,000
60,000
39,000
50,000
D
54,000
D
61,000
D
S
D
D
61,000
42,000
49,000
24,000
D
S
25,000
20,000
S
D
68,000
43,000
50,000
D
D
74,000
36,000
56,000
D
D
80,000
72,000
57,000
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
S
D
56,000
D
D
D
D
67,000
D
D
D
61,000
S
D
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
43,000
41,000
43,000
43,000
46,000
43,000
44,000
39,000
45,000
32,000
38,000
31,000
39,000
30,000
45,000
S
22,000
D
D
30,000
42,000
44,000
40,000
D
45,000
40,000
43,000
43,000
D
50,000
46,000
47,000
D
D
21,000
41,000
45,000
D
D
S
44,000
46,000
D
D
8,000
57,000
40,000
D
D
D
S
45,000
D
D
D
S
48,000
33,000
D
D
20,000
S
D
Sales/marketing occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
62,000
58,000
44,000
45,000
61,000
51,000
70,000
67,000
74,000
S
73,000
58,000
78,000
68,000
57,000
17,000
49,000
36,000
67,000
55,000
48,000
64,000
47,000
D
48,000
38,000
44,000
32,000
56,000
69,000
50,000
64,000
46,000
D
66,000
70,000
71,000
63,000
D
62,000
49,000
75,000
81,000
D
49,000
65,000
82,000
S
D
52,000
42,000
84,000
D
D
S
S
58,000
D
D
41,000
S
49,000
74,000
Social services/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
43,000
44,000
37,000
39,000
43,000
44,000
45,000
45,000
48,000
48,000
46,000
53,000
50,000
52,000
45,000
65,000
33,000
D
50,000
45,000
45,000
42,000
44,000
52,000
44,000
36,000
35,000
43,000
D
39,000
45,000
42,000
44,000
D
59,000
50,000
43,000
D
D
69,000
52,000
43,000
D
D
D
45,000
44,000
D
D
D
51,000
50,000
D
D
D
39,000
45,000
D
D
62,000
D
32,000
D
Other non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
46,000
41,000
37,000
35,000
45,000
53,000
56,000
45,000
55,000
47,000
54,000
39,000
56,000
33,000
44,000
62,000
37,000
31,000
34,000
42,000
45,000
48,000
48,000
37,000
37,000
34,000
37,000
38,000
35,000
50,000
45,000
43,000
52,000
D
51,000
51,000
59,000
48,000
S
40,000
49,000
60,000
46,000
D
45,000
55,000
58,000
98,000
D
50,000
48,000
60,000
S
D
40,000
45,000
45,000
35,000
D
33,000
50,000
36,000
46,000
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Bachelor's degrees, all occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
60,000
52,000
40,000
40,000
52,000
52,000
65,000
60,000
68,000
61,000
72,000
58,000
70,000
58,000
65,000
67,000
57,000
54,000
52,000
62,000
52,000
60,000
51,000
44,000
49,000
39,000
40,000
40,000
55,000
60,000
49,000
51,000
46,000
70,000
80,000
55,000
64,000
67,000
55,000
75,000
62,000
68,000
64,000
65,000
69,000
69,000
73,000
74,000
35,000
70,000
55,000
73,000
52,000
49,000
57,000
63,000
65,000
50,000
D
58,000
41,000
60,000
56,000
75,000
69,000
51,000
48,000
68,000
65,000
80,000
75,000
84,000
78,000
90,000
91,000
90,000
77,000
83,000
93,000
83,000
61,000
70,000
75,000
70,000
77,000
68,000
59,000
56,000
50,000
50,000
55,000
D
69,000
67,000
67,000
59,000
80,000
85,000
75,000
80,000
83,000
89,000
93,000
76,000
83,000
78,000
D
89,000
77,000
91,000
87,000
D
94,000
73,000
90,000
76,000
D
69,000
81,000
85,000
68,000
D
83,000
80,000
85,000
54,000
72,000
64,000
45,000
43,000
61,000
60,000
76,000
74,000
82,000
66,000
88,000
91,000
81,000
72,000
78,000
70,000
79,000
73,000
67,000
75,000
68,000
72,000
59,000
61,000
55,000
44,000
42,000
43,000
D
67,000
61,000
61,000
49,000
81,000
85,000
72,000
75,000
80,000
D
97,000
72,000
80,000
D
D
86,000
76,000
90,000
79,000
D
91,000
56,000
82,000
52,000
D
61,000
72,000
78,000
65,000
D
76,000
83,000
79,000
57,000
Agricultural/food scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
44,000
43,000
26,000
23,000
S
47,000
54,000
D
60,000
D
57,000
D
52,000
59,000
55,000
D
52,000
D
49,000
39,000
64,000
42,000
47,000
D
27,000
D
25,000
34,000
D
28,000
55,000
32,000
D
D
D
D
53,000
D
D
D
D
48,000
D
D
41,000
D
60,000
D
D
62,000
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
52,000
D
Biological/medical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
42,000
D
29,000
26,000
42,000
D
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
S
D
76,000
D
40,000
D
D
D
D
42,000
D
D
D
16,000
29,000
D
D
D
D
39,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
55,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
76,000
D
D
D
D
39,000
D
S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Science occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Environmental life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
45,000
40,000
27,000
24,000
37,000
48,000
54,000
D
73,000
D
51,000
D
50,000
D
53,000
D
56,000
D
D
43,000
61,000
44,000
S
D
27,000
D
27,000
23,000
D
S
56,000
32,000
D
D
D
D
53,000
D
D
D
D
64,000
D
D
42,000
D
72,000
D
D
D
D
44,000
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
55,000
D
53,000
36,000
38,000
51,000
D
60,000
D
50,000
49,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
36,000
D
D
D
D
38,000
D
D
D
D
51,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
60,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
48,000
D
20,000
D
13,000
D
16,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
15,000
D
D
D
D
11,000
D
D
D
D
12,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Computer/information scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
80,000
70,000
55,000
50,000
70,000
68,000
80,000
78,000
85,000
66,000
93,000
100,000
85,000
70,000
79,000
67,000
85,000
66,000
81,000
80,000
71,000
80,000
70,000
D
60,000
49,000
54,000
55,000
D
69,000
70,000
73,000
58,000
82,000
86,000
69,000
80,000
76,000
D
98,000
78,000
84,000
63,000
D
94,000
78,000
94,000
79,000
D
93,000
50,000
85,000
65,000
D
63,000
79,000
80,000
D
D
77,000
85,000
87,000
59,000
Mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
80,000
71,000
56,000
51,000
70,000
69,000
81,000
78,000
85,000
66,000
94,000
98,000
85,000
73,000
80,000
67,000
88,000
68,000
81,000
80,000
70,000
80,000
70,000
D
60,000
49,000
55,000
55,000
D
69,000
69,000
73,000
58,000
82,000
86,000
69,000
80,000
76,000
D
98,000
72,000
84,000
63,000
D
95,000
79,000
95,000
79,000
D
93,000
50,000
85,000
65,000
D
66,000
81,000
80,000
D
D
82,000
82,000
88,000
59,000
61,000
49,000
63,000
58,000
82,000
D
106,000
69,000
58,000
54,000
38,000
53,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
67,000
82,000
60,000
D
D
S
70,000
48,000
D
D
D
D
78,000
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
64,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
106,000
D
D
D
D
82,000
D
D
D
D
57,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
20,000
25,000
17,000
D
20,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
35,000
D
D
D
S
D
D
18,000
D
19,000
D
D
S
D
17,000
D
D
D
D
19,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Chemists, except biochemists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
60,000
50,000
28,000
33,000
50,000
47,000
66,000
44,000
64,000
D
68,000
D
75,000
D
69,000
D
75,000
D
58,000
69,000
48,000
60,000
41,000
D
24,000
29,000
28,000
S
D
70,000
49,000
48,000
45,000
D
D
D
68,000
D
D
D
D
65,000
D
D
77,000
D
68,000
D
D
D
D
77,000
D
D
D
49,000
69,000
D
D
82,000
D
67,000
D
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
60,000
46,000
38,000
29,000
50,000
38,000
65,000
D
63,000
D
70,000
D
59,000
D
75,000
D
75,000
D
D
70,000
47,000
60,000
44,000
D
29,000
29,000
39,000
D
D
70,000
D
48,000
32,000
D
D
D
65,000
D
D
D
D
74,000
D
D
77,000
D
75,000
D
D
D
D
59,000
D
D
D
D
71,000
D
D
79,000
D
68,000
D
Physicists/astronomers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
65,000
57,000
38,000
S
52,000
D
69,000
D
65,000
D
68,000
D
85,000
D
72,000
D
48,000
D
D
74,000
46,000
67,000
48,000
D
D
37,000
39,000
37,000
D
D
D
51,000
D
D
D
D
69,000
D
D
D
D
66,000
D
D
D
D
68,000
D
D
D
D
85,000
D
D
D
D
74,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
S
22,000
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
28,000
D
D
D
D
22,000
D
D
D
D
29,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
22,000
18,000
20,000
17,000
25,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
16,000
D
23,000
14,000
D
15,000
D
20,000
14,000
D
D
D
27,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
62,000
54,000
42,000
D
44,000
D
61,000
D
58,000
D
62,000
D
80,000
D
61,000
D
S
D
D
D
D
62,000
D
D
D
D
40,000
D
D
D
D
43,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
83,000
D
D
D
D
61,000
D
D
D
D
77,000
D
Economists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
46,000
52,000
25,000
19,000
36,000
54,000
69,000
D
63,000
D
97,000
D
68,000
D
51,000
D
70,000
D
D
54,000
53,000
45,000
22,000
D
20,000
S
27,000
16,000
D
60,000
D
30,000
D
D
D
D
67,000
D
D
D
D
43,000
D
D
D
D
125,000
D
D
D
D
70,000
D
D
D
D
52,000
D
D
D
D
70,000
D
Political/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
62,000
D
45,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
83,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
64,000
D
D
D
D
38,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
41,000
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
40,000
D
D
D
D
23,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Psychologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
15,000
D
14,000
D
15,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
14,000
D
D
D
D
13,000
D
D
D
D
13,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Sociologists/anthropologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
30,000
S
19,000
D
30,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S
28,000
30,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Other social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
25,000
D
23,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
27,000
D
D
D
D
26,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
64,000
59,000
42,000
D
72,000
D
75,000
D
54,000
D
120,000
D
79,000
D
56,000
D
74,000
D
D
59,000
58,000
63,000
D
D
50,000
D
40,000
D
D
D
D
73,000
D
D
D
D
73,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
127,000
D
D
D
D
91,000
D
D
D
D
56,000
D
D
D
D
99,000
D
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
80,000
73,000
60,000
56,000
72,000
69,000
81,000
77,000
89,000
89,000
92,000
89,000
99,000
88,000
94,000
101,000
85,000
46,000
85,000
78,000
76,000
82,000
78,000
51,000
60,000
58,000
60,000
64,000
80,000
73,000
75,000
72,000
78,000
D
85,000
83,000
82,000
85,000
D
87,000
87,000
88,000
102,000
D
92,000
76,000
93,000
90,000
D
97,000
89,000
100,000
90,000
D
75,000
95,000
95,000
68,000
D
87,000
D
89,000
S
Chemical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
94,000
73,000
62,000
61,000
75,000
56,000
89,000
D
107,000
D
100,000
D
119,000
D
117,000
D
103,000
D
D
89,000
53,000
98,000
88,000
D
64,000
55,000
63,000
51,000
D
74,000
D
75,000
D
D
D
D
95,000
D
D
D
D
108,000
D
D
D
D
100,000
D
D
D
D
121,000
D
D
118,000
D
107,000
D
D
D
D
105,000
D
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
85,000
81,000
63,000
63,000
75,000
66,000
81,000
D
80,000
D
99,000
D
101,000
D
123,000
D
104,000
D
D
73,000
84,000
87,000
D
D
59,000
58,000
64,000
S
D
74,000
D
74,000
D
D
D
D
81,000
D
D
D
D
79,000
D
D
D
D
96,000
D
D
D
D
100,000
D
D
D
D
123,000
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
75,000
66,000
54,000
52,000
66,000
65,000
79,000
79,000
83,000
84,000
85,000
D
93,000
68,000
89,000
D
91,000
44,000
D
76,000
75,000
76,000
79,000
D
55,000
58,000
53,000
59,000
D
70,000
65,000
66,000
64,000
D
86,000
D
77,000
D
D
106,000
80,000
82,000
D
D
D
58,000
85,000
D
D
98,000
D
93,000
D
D
68,000
D
96,000
D
D
85,000
D
99,000
D
Industrial engineers
Hispanic or Latino
87,000
81,000
61,000
56,000
80,000
82,000
87,000
80,000
90,000
87,000
99,000
84,000
101,000
113,000
93,000
D
90,000
D
Engineering occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
D
80,000
85,000
89,000
81,000
D
60,000
59,000
62,000
64,000
D
73,000
81,000
80,000
78,000
D
85,000
D
88,000
D
D
89,000
D
90,000
D
D
98,000
98,000
100,000
D
D
99,000
112,000
100,000
D
D
D
99,000
93,000
D
D
88,000
D
93,000
D
Mechanical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
72,000
69,000
60,000
52,000
70,000
62,000
72,000
D
80,000
D
75,000
D
77,000
D
102,000
D
59,000
D
D
72,000
64,000
74,000
67,000
D
62,000
60,000
62,000
D
D
71,000
68,000
70,000
D
D
68,000
D
71,000
D
D
D
D
84,000
D
D
74,000
D
76,000
D
D
D
D
79,000
D
D
D
D
104,000
D
D
D
D
60,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
81,000
71,000
60,000
53,000
75,000
76,000
85,000
65,000
89,000
103,000
93,000
92,000
95,000
D
85,000
D
94,000
D
104,000
79,000
75,000
83,000
67,000
D
64,000
52,000
60,000
67,000
D
77,000
74,000
75,000
D
D
83,000
D
87,000
D
D
82,000
D
89,000
D
D
85,000
D
93,000
D
D
95,000
D
98,000
D
D
91,000
D
85,000
D
D
84,000
D
95,000
D
S
D
14,000
D
23,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
62,000
D
D
D
46,000
S
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
57,000
D
80,000
71,000
60,000
58,000
69,000
67,000
80,000
75,000
90,000
90,000
85,000
86,000
95,000
53,000
87,000
D
74,000
103,000
D
77,000
76,000
80,000
73,000
D
42,000
62,000
59,000
67,000
D
75,000
D
69,000
D
D
D
86,000
80,000
D
D
D
D
91,000
D
D
D
D
85,000
D
D
D
D
97,000
D
D
D
D
85,000
D
D
83,000
D
73,000
D
Health occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
58,000
55,000
44,000
48,000
50,000
50,000
60,000
57,000
60,000
60,000
66,000
57,000
65,000
64,000
66,000
66,000
60,000
62,000
52,000
66,000
55,000
57,000
52,000
49,000
49,000
48,000
43,000
40,000
54,000
54,000
55,000
50,000
40,000
D
85,000
55,000
57,000
64,000
D
72,000
55,000
59,000
49,000
D
68,000
61,000
66,000
66,000
D
73,000
62,000
65,000
73,000
D
63,000
75,000
66,000
70,000
D
58,000
43,000
60,000
76,000
S&E managers, including health
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
54,000
52,000
45,000
48,000
50,000
48,000
54,000
50,000
52,000
54,000
56,000
54,000
61,000
43,000
60,000
52,000
53,000
67,000
55,000
48,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Other engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
65,000
54,000
52,000
51,000
46,000
52,000
45,000
41,000
54,000
50,000
50,000
32,000
78,000
54,000
52,000
68,000
69,000
49,000
50,000
48,000
66,000
55,000
55,000
D
70,000
60,000
60,000
74,000
48,000
72,000
60,000
64,000
58,000
32,000
50,000
55,000
S&E precollege teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
104,000
99,000
64,000
D
83,000
87,000
99,000
90,000
102,000
D
110,000
125,000
119,000
100,000
105,000
D
107,000
D
D
117,000
91,000
105,000
73,000
D
D
D
72,000
D
D
D
79,000
83,000
D
D
112,000
D
99,000
D
D
115,000
69,000
102,000
D
D
134,000
82,000
110,000
D
D
D
121,000
117,000
D
D
159,000
D
110,000
D
D
98,000
D
110,000
97,000
S&E technicians/technologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
45,000
45,000
37,000
39,000
43,000
46,000
45,000
D
50,000
58,000
45,000
29,000
52,000
D
47,000
D
52,000
D
50,000
44,000
40,000
46,000
40,000
D
43,000
35,000
36,000
D
D
D
40,000
43,000
D
D
D
30,000
44,000
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
52,000
D
D
D
D
45,000
D
D
D
40,000
54,000
D
Other S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
62,000
55,000
39,000
34,000
51,000
53,000
70,000
76,000
71,000
73,000
70,000
51,000
62,000
62,000
70,000
D
61,000
D
35,000
60,000
61,000
64,000
57,000
D
50,000
35,000
39,000
25,000
D
56,000
52,000
46,000
47,000
D
85,000
D
65,000
D
D
90,000
D
70,000
D
D
44,000
78,000
70,000
D
D
60,000
D
71,000
D
D
91,000
57,000
67,000
D
D
50,000
D
67,000
D
79,000
80,000
61,000
D
69,000
D
72,000
D
72,000
D
89,000
S
88,000
D
73,000
D
78,000
D
D
78,000
82,000
79,000
56,000
D
62,000
D
60,000
D
D
80,000
D
64,000
D
D
75,000
D
71,000
D
D
D
D
70,000
D
D
D
87,000
89,000
D
D
88,000
D
76,000
D
D
D
D
71,000
D
D
D
D
79,000
D
Arts/humanities/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
50,000
44,000
35,000
36,000
44,000
46,000
55,000
48,000
60,000
56,000
59,000
46,000
60,000
41,000
52,000
59,000
49,000
39,000
43,000
48,000
45,000
50,000
45,000
24,000
40,000
33,000
33,000
35,000
39,000
55,000
40,000
43,000
41,000
D
60,000
43,000
58,000
58,000
D
45,000
52,000
62,000
67,000
D
50,000
67,000
60,000
69,000
D
53,000
49,000
65,000
33,000
S
49,000
57,000
54,000
35,000
D
38,000
27,000
49,000
43,000
Management-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
40,000
62,000
30,000
23,000
39,000
D
35,000
47,000
64,000
D
32,000
D
62,000
D
48,000
D
49,000
D
D
34,000
51,000
D
33,000
29,000
D
S
46,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
40,000
20,000
30,000
S
S
D
34,000
D
60,000
D
31,000
D
59,000
D
50,000
D
49,000
D
Non-S&E managers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
64,000
57,000
48,000
43,000
58,000
58,000
75,000
51,000
72,000
58,000
74,000
48,000
80,000
D
74,000
79,000
61,000
63,000
61,000
61,000
60,000
65,000
49,000
D
59,000
48,000
45,000
48,000
D
67,000
56,000
56,000
40,000
D
72,000
49,000
80,000
56,000
D
78,000
66,000
72,000
D
D
64,000
83,000
75,000
D
D
62,000
60,000
83,000
D
D
55,000
D
73,000
D
D
S
S
65,000
D
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
104,000
99,000
59,000
52,000
82,000
D
93,000
95,000
104,000
148,000
110,000
113,000
113,000
96,000
118,000
D
118,000
D
D
98,000
85,000
109,000
S
D
D
49,000
60,000
73,000
D
102,000
82,000
80,000
D
D
114,000
D
94,000
D
D
D
68,000
104,000
234,000
D
90,000
96,000
111,000
D
D
97,000
82,000
117,000
D
D
D
91,000
120,000
D
D
101,000
D
119,000
D
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
21,000
35,000
14,000
D
S
D
26,000
D
D
D
S
D
40,000
D
35,000
D
D
D
D
D
22,000
19,000
14,000
D
D
22,000
14,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
44,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
Sales/marketing occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
33,000
35,000
32,000
35,000
36,000
40,000
30,000
S
35,000
S
32,000
D
27,000
30,000
35,000
D
31,000
D
D
19,000
31,000
34,000
S
D
D
30,000
31,000
38,000
D
D
31,000
35,000
D
D
D
41,000
S
D
D
24,000
D
34,000
D
D
D
28,000
35,000
D
D
D
D
30,000
D
D
D
D
36,000
D
D
D
20,000
32,000
D
Social services/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
60,000
50,000
39,000
33,000
55,000
45,000
65,000
67,000
74,000
S
70,000
49,000
74,000
72,000
55,000
D
49,000
36,000
64,000
50,000
46,000
60,000
46,000
D
45,000
31,000
40,000
30,000
56,000
60,000
43,000
56,000
46,000
D
65,000
67,000
64,000
63,000
D
67,000
54,000
73,000
D
D
47,000
79,000
73,000
S
D
40,000
40,000
80,000
D
D
S
75,000
56,000
D
D
32,000
S
50,000
D
Other non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
35,000
39,000
30,000
35,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
36,000
38,000
D
35,000
47,000
45,000
S
42,000
D
32,000
D
D
31,000
38,000
35,000
36,000
D
23,000
32,000
29,000
30,000
D
D
34,000
35,000
36,000
D
D
41,000
35,000
D
D
D
38,000
38,000
D
D
D
D
34,000
D
D
D
54,000
44,000
D
D
D
37,000
42,000
D
D
D
D
31,000
D
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Master's degrees, all occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
40,000
37,000
30,000
34,000
38,000
42,000
44,000
38,000
46,000
40,000
47,000
37,000
48,000
29,000
40,000
39,000
33,000
31,000
32,000
40,000
40,000
40,000
41,000
23,000
31,000
31,000
30,000
30,000
34,000
42,000
35,000
37,000
40,000
D
39,000
42,000
46,000
D
D
35,000
47,000
49,000
46,000
D
40,000
54,000
44,000
98,000
D
53,000
32,000
50,000
D
D
41,000
45,000
40,000
D
D
33,000
37,000
33,000
44,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
70,000
65,000
57,000
58,000
70,000
63,000
80,000
79,000
79,000
76,000
75,000
70,000
75,000
50,000
80,000
59,000
63,000
63,000
59,000
82,000
65,000
70,000
68,000
53,000
70,000
54,000
55,000
58,000
76,000
85,000
65,000
66,000
80,000
D
94,000
71,000
75,000
89,000
51,000
96,000
72,000
76,000
67,000
62,000
92,000
68,000
75,000
72,000
D
78,000
64,000
76,000
76,000
D
85,000
60,000
82,000
S
D
77,000
68,000
60,000
62,000
83,000
71,000
65,000
60,000
81,000
73,000
91,000
87,000
95,000
83,000
95,000
68,000
90,000
96,000
89,000
D
77,000
D
58,000
86,000
78,000
82,000
72,000
38,000
72,000
66,000
60,000
62,000
D
86,000
78,000
80,000
71,000
D
95,000
88,000
90,000
100,000
D
102,000
98,000
94,000
D
D
100,000
77,000
97,000
65,000
D
100,000
81,000
91,000
D
D
91,000
83,000
87,000
111,000
D
95,000
D
73,000
D
Agricultural/food scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
78,000
65,000
59,000
58,000
75,000
60,000
89,000
83,000
90,000
74,000
88,000
66,000
79,000
96,000
79,000
D
65,000
D
58,000
85,000
75,000
75,000
70,000
D
71,000
59,000
51,000
53,000
D
86,000
74,000
70,000
65,000
D
92,000
87,000
84,000
97,000
D
103,000
87,000
87,000
D
D
99,000
76,000
88,000
62,000
D
83,000
80,000
78,000
D
D
73,000
76,000
78,000
110,000
D
90,000
D
60,000
D
Biological/medical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
56,000
49,000
46,000
46,000
60,000
37,000
60,000
D
75,000
D
67,000
D
73,000
D
59,000
D
68,000
D
D
61,000
60,000
56,000
69,000
D
46,000
45,000
42,000
D
D
65,000
D
56,000
D
D
79,000
D
52,000
D
D
D
D
73,000
D
D
67,000
D
67,000
D
D
54,000
D
72,000
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
55,000
D
S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Science occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Environmental life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
56,000
D
54,000
D
56,000
D
47,000
D
45,000
D
63,000
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
50,000
D
D
35,000
D
35,000
D
D
D
D
62,000
D
D
D
D
47,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
74,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
62,000
47,000
65,000
72,000
81,000
75,000
73,000
70,000
72,000
47,000
46,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
63,000
71,000
62,000
70,000
D
50,000
50,000
42,000
D
D
65,000
D
60,000
D
D
79,000
D
65,000
D
D
D
D
81,000
D
D
67,000
D
83,000
D
D
D
D
71,000
D
D
D
D
69,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
55,000
D
49,000
D
54,000
D
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
60,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
D
D
D
60,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Computer/information scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
41,000
24,000
18,000
19,000
37,000
27,000
41,000
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
15,000
D
42,000
D
D
14,000
D
24,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
40,000
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
39,000
D
Mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
89,000
84,000
75,000
82,000
86,000
74,000
97,000
90,000
99,000
89,000
95,000
76,000
93,000
77,000
86,000
D
63,000
D
55,000
90,000
80,000
88,000
78,000
D
80,000
75,000
71,000
71,000
D
90,000
79,000
80,000
68,000
D
96,000
88,000
98,000
99,000
D
106,000
93,000
93,000
D
D
100,000
80,000
94,000
D
D
87,000
76,000
98,000
D
D
93,000
D
85,000
D
D
80,000
D
60,000
D
91,000
79,000
89,000
98,000
100,000
100,000
98,000
91,000
86,000
90,000
93,000
75,000
96,000
89,000
D
92,000
D
D
D
90,000
85,000
92,000
79,000
D
80,000
77,000
75,000
80,000
D
90,000
87,000
85,000
68,000
D
97,000
88,000
98,000
99,000
D
107,000
98,000
96,000
D
D
100,000
78,000
100,000
D
D
98,000
D
99,000
D
D
92,000
D
90,000
D
D
87,000
D
68,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
85,000
72,000
73,000
71,000
74,000
D
101,000
D
84,000
D
99,000
D
99,000
D
D
D
99,000
D
D
77,000
74,000
89,000
D
D
72,000
54,000
85,000
D
D
84,000
D
72,000
D
D
88,000
D
103,000
D
D
D
D
84,000
D
D
70,000
D
102,000
D
D
D
D
101,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
100,000
D
Chemists, except biochemists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
38,000
35,000
22,000
34,000
44,000
D
51,000
D
48,000
D
41,000
D
42,000
D
S
D
23,000
D
D
19,000
45,000
37,000
D
D
18,000
S
21,000
D
D
D
D
47,000
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
D
D
D
48,000
D
D
D
D
40,000
D
D
D
D
22,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
24,000
D
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
68,000
63,000
38,000
24,000
62,000
58,000
65,000
D
80,000
74,000
96,000
D
81,000
D
81,000
D
66,000
D
D
51,000
53,000
70,000
51,000
D
24,000
S
41,000
27,000
D
62,000
72,000
63,000
47,000
D
44,000
D
70,000
D
D
79,000
D
84,000
D
D
D
D
98,000
D
D
D
D
75,000
D
D
D
D
96,000
D
D
90,000
D
58,000
D
Physicists/astronomers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
70,000
61,000
51,000
37,000
65,000
56,000
47,000
D
79,000
D
85,000
D
71,000
D
79,000
D
101,000
D
D
61,000
72,000
75,000
D
D
S
51,000
51,000
D
D
64,000
74,000
68,000
D
D
44,000
D
89,000
D
D
80,000
D
76,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
85,000
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
84,000
47,000
71,000
82,000
92,000
102,000
83,000
99,000
75,000
100,000
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
84,000
D
D
S
D
47,000
D
D
50,000
D
72,000
D
D
D
D
80,000
D
D
D
D
94,000
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
D
D
D
76,000
D
D
D
D
103,000
D
D
D
D
74,000
D
50,000
30,000
23,000
25,000
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
16,000
72,000
D
D
D
16,000
26,000
D
D
D
D
78,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
21,000
19,000
19,000
17,000
S
D
D
D
D
D
82,000
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
22,000
S
D
D
18,000
22,000
19,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
82,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
Economists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
67,000
D
48,000
D
58,000
D
66,000
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
67,000
D
D
D
D
48,000
D
D
D
D
52,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Political/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
58,000
52,000
41,000
44,000
58,000
49,000
68,000
D
69,000
58,000
70,000
60,000
65,000
D
70,000
D
64,000
D
D
58,000
57,000
59,000
47,000
D
25,000
52,000
40,000
46,000
D
68,000
59,000
58,000
D
D
72,000
D
63,000
D
D
80,000
D
78,000
D
D
D
D
70,000
D
D
D
D
64,000
D
D
D
D
70,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
91,000
58,000
70,000
133,000
99,000
D
S
D
51,000
58,000
57,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
67,000
58,000
110,000
D
D
S
58,000
50,000
D
D
D
D
87,000
D
D
D
D
125,000
D
D
D
D
99,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
51,000
D
Psychologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
80,000
33,000
47,000
33,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
57,000
81,000
D
D
D
57,000
47,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Sociologists/anthropologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
24,000
40,000
15,000
15,000
S
D
S
D
47,000
D
50,000
D
38,000
D
D
D
S
D
D
19,000
S
20,000
29,000
D
15,000
S
15,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
37,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S
D
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Other social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
53,000
52,000
42,000
41,000
51,000
49,000
57,000
D
57,000
55,000
59,000
D
64,000
D
59,000
D
49,000
D
D
47,000
57,000
53,000
S
D
S
52,000
42,000
D
D
D
59,000
50,000
D
D
D
D
53,000
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
60,000
D
D
D
D
62,000
D
D
D
D
59,000
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
45,000
43,000
20,000
40,000
57,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S
48,000
D
D
D
S
19,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
84,000
62,000
49,000
66,000
65,000
39,000
80,000
D
99,000
D
D
D
90,000
D
107,000
D
154,000
D
D
83,000
S
92,000
38,000
D
49,000
47,000
49,000
D
D
100,000
D
64,000
D
D
D
D
81,000
D
D
D
D
101,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
89,000
D
D
D
D
108,000
D
D
D
D
155,000
D
Chemical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
92,000
84,000
72,000
64,000
91,000
88,000
95,000
92,000
100,000
120,000
106,000
D
102,000
89,000
100,000
D
98,000
D
74,000
89,000
86,000
95,000
86,000
D
72,000
75,000
75,000
70,000
D
90,000
86,000
94,000
95,000
D
102,000
90,000
95,000
90,000
D
100,000
99,000
102,000
D
D
103,000
D
106,000
D
D
112,000
D
102,000
D
D
99,000
D
100,000
D
D
100,000
D
97,000
D
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
100,000
79,000
74,000
61,000
96,000
D
100,000
D
119,000
D
115,000
D
127,000
D
110,000
D
115,000
D
D
79,000
96,000
104,000
97,000
D
62,000
67,000
85,000
D
D
100,000
D
96,000
D
D
D
D
99,000
D
D
99,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
117,000
D
D
D
D
129,000
D
D
D
D
110,000
D
D
D
D
115,000
D
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
103,000
S
74,000
73,000
108,000
D
103,000
D
93,000
D
130,000
D
100,000
D
99,000
D
117,000
D
D
105,000
D
99,000
D
D
68,000
D
80,000
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
D
D
D
95,000
D
D
D
D
93,000
D
D
D
D
130,000
D
D
D
D
100,000
D
D
108,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
125,000
D
87,000
85,000
65,000
63,000
80,000
92,000
90,000
D
95,000
D
109,000
D
99,000
D
88,000
D
83,000
D
Engineering occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Industrial engineers
Hispanic or Latino
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
D
84,000
83,000
89,000
79,000
D
75,000
68,000
60,000
64,000
D
80,000
D
80,000
D
D
79,000
D
90,000
D
D
87,000
D
95,000
D
D
D
D
108,000
D
D
99,000
D
95,000
D
D
80,000
D
89,000
D
D
88,000
D
76,000
D
Mechanical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
100,000
87,000
80,000
65,000
99,000
66,000
105,000
85,000
104,000
D
118,000
D
108,000
D
100,000
D
103,000
D
D
98,000
89,000
100,000
90,000
D
80,000
72,000
80,000
71,000
D
95,000
100,000
100,000
D
D
108,000
92,000
104,000
D
D
100,000
D
104,000
D
D
119,000
D
113,000
D
D
114,000
D
108,000
D
D
97,000
D
101,000
D
D
D
D
101,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
90,000
75,000
72,000
61,000
96,000
S
92,000
D
95,000
D
97,000
D
S
D
80,000
D
D
D
D
69,000
90,000
94,000
D
D
61,000
D
89,000
D
D
D
D
95,000
D
D
D
D
95,000
D
D
D
D
86,000
D
D
D
D
101,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
78,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
Other engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
90,000
96,000
75,000
73,000
89,000
94,000
91,000
D
100,000
D
91,000
D
102,000
D
105,000
D
86,000
D
D
80,000
99,000
90,000
85,000
D
75,000
84,000
75,000
62,000
D
81,000
D
92,000
95,000
D
90,000
D
87,000
D
D
93,000
D
101,000
D
D
95,000
D
90,000
D
D
92,000
D
99,000
D
D
93,000
D
100,000
D
D
D
D
85,000
D
54,000
29,000
19,000
21,000
73,000
D
D
D
D
D
55,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
17,000
13,000
58,000
D
D
17,000
S
S
D
D
D
D
70,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
56,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Health occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
86,000
79,000
68,000
57,000
82,000
86,000
84,000
D
100,000
D
106,000
D
97,000
D
105,000
D
64,000
D
D
80,000
84,000
93,000
69,000
D
64,000
54,000
73,000
S
D
78,000
76,000
85,000
D
D
80,000
D
84,000
D
D
84,000
D
105,000
D
D
97,000
D
107,000
D
D
D
D
95,000
D
D
D
D
105,000
D
D
D
D
61,000
D
S&E managers, including health
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
67,000
69,000
60,000
70,000
64,000
62,000
70,000
68,000
70,000
70,000
69,000
71,000
75,000
53,000
74,000
D
70,000
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
80,000
64,000
65,000
62,000
69,000
60,000
58,000
58,000
88,000
61,000
63,000
88,000
90,000
74,000
68,000
74,000
96,000
74,000
68,000
D
79,000
56,000
69,000
63,000
78,000
62,000
76,000
68,000
88,000
56,000
76,000
D
59,000
S
70,000
D
S&E precollege teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
64,000
60,000
64,000
66,000
68,000
58,000
64,000
60,000
58,000
D
60,000
D
62,000
D
67,000
D
57,000
D
61,000
71,000
62,000
63,000
63,000
D
72,000
61,000
63,000
63,000
D
92,000
64,000
68,000
D
D
67,000
62,000
65,000
53,000
D
72,000
67,000
55,000
D
D
69,000
50,000
58,000
D
D
52,000
60,000
64,000
D
D
94,000
D
60,000
D
D
58,000
D
55,000
D
S&E technicians/technologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
113,000
102,000
99,000
88,000
109,000
D
109,000
D
119,000
D
111,000
D
118,000
D
116,000
D
119,000
D
D
117,000
102,000
114,000
107,000
D
79,000
92,000
104,000
D
D
112,000
84,000
108,000
D
D
115,000
D
108,000
D
D
120,000
D
116,000
D
D
140,000
D
111,000
D
D
132,000
D
116,000
D
D
D
D
119,000
D
D
D
D
118,000
D
Other S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
55,000
60,000
49,000
59,000
52,000
D
59,000
D
59,000
59,000
62,000
D
68,000
D
55,000
D
52,000
D
D
51,000
59,000
56,000
49,000
D
51,000
50,000
48,000
37,000
D
D
50,000
52,000
D
D
70,000
71,000
58,000
D
D
D
D
59,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
64,000
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
D
S
50,000
D
70,000
75,000
55,000
44,000
73,000
D
78,000
D
87,000
D
61,000
D
89,000
D
77,000
D
69,000
D
D
78,000
70,000
64,000
70,000
D
62,000
67,000
53,000
D
D
73,000
D
63,000
D
D
93,000
D
65,000
D
D
87,000
D
83,000
D
D
60,000
D
S
D
D
96,000
D
89,000
D
D
51,000
D
84,000
D
D
D
D
65,000
D
Arts/humanities/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
83,000
68,000
54,000
52,000
68,000
D
69,000
D
86,000
D
93,000
D
92,000
D
99,000
D
102,000
D
D
74,000
D
85,000
D
D
51,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
68,000
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
D
D
D
86,000
D
D
D
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
94,000
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
Management-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
63,000
60,000
50,000
52,000
63,000
57,000
70,000
70,000
69,000
73,000
70,000
70,000
70,000
37,000
78,000
65,000
50,000
55,000
58,000
70,000
60,000
53,000
60,000
47,000
70,000
75,000
63,000
D
89,000
65,000
49,000
72,000
65,000
D
76,000
68,000
D
62,000
62,000
D
64,000
54,000
D
71,000
66,000
Non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
63,000
67,000
50,000
49,000
62,000
81,000
70,000
S
68,000
65,000
69,000
84,000
72,000
D
81,000
D
49,000
61,000
Non-S&E managers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
50,000
57,000
45,000
58,000
56,000
D
50,000
D
53,000
D
49,000
D
61,000
D
S
D
S
D
D
42,000
S
50,000
42,000
D
42,000
D
47,000
S
D
D
D
56,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
D
D
D
50,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
49,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
85,000
83,000
73,000
69,000
87,000
74,000
99,000
82,000
90,000
110,000
90,000
70,000
84,000
D
91,000
D
60,000
D
S
84,000
79,000
87,000
68,000
D
79,000
71,000
70,000
64,000
D
96,000
72,000
88,000
D
D
96,000
84,000
102,000
D
D
78,000
D
90,000
D
D
91,000
D
89,000
D
D
D
D
87,000
D
D
81,000
62,000
99,000
D
D
61,000
D
59,000
D
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
112,000
100,000
88,000
70,000
98,000
99,000
115,000
100,000
134,000
D
141,000
D
115,000
D
115,000
92,000
111,000
D
70,000
117,000
90,000
115,000
124,000
D
102,000
67,000
89,000
87,000
D
100,000
96,000
94,000
D
D
121,000
81,000
116,000
109,000
D
140,000
D
138,000
D
D
165,000
91,000
145,000
D
D
120,000
D
112,000
D
D
D
D
120,000
D
D
89,000
D
118,000
D
Sales/marketing occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
38,000
56,000
19,000
54,000
40,000
D
41,000
D
S
D
S
D
55,000
D
S
D
S
D
D
16,000
41,000
38,000
D
D
16,000
S
18,000
D
D
S
D
40,000
D
D
D
D
48,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
54,000
D
D
D
D
45,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
Social services/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
50,000
46,000
47,000
46,000
51,000
45,000
52,000
D
50,000
D
55,000
D
57,000
S
60,000
D
S
D
D
43,000
49,000
51,000
51,000
D
46,000
48,000
47,000
D
D
50,000
48,000
53,000
D
D
S
D
53,000
D
D
S
S
51,000
D
D
D
68,000
54,000
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
62,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
Other non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
85,000
69,000
72,000
70,000
99,000
84,000
100,000
60,000
89,000
D
84,000
D
90,000
D
64,000
D
39,000
D
D
80,000
S
87,000
77,000
D
75,000
93,000
67,000
S
D
88,000
D
100,000
D
D
94,000
D
100,000
D
D
S
D
98,000
D
D
76,000
D
98,000
D
D
S
D
91,000
D
D
D
D
66,000
D
D
81,000
D
37,000
D
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Doctoral degrees, all occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
47,000
54,000
42,000
41,000
48,000
52,000
51,000
62,000
50,000
60,000
48,000
D
55,000
38,000
49,000
D
37,000
D
51,000
49,000
51,000
45,000
47,000
52,000
47,000
38,000
42,000
44,000
D
40,000
54,000
47,000
48,000
D
60,000
59,000
47,000
D
D
76,000
56,000
45,000
D
D
D
49,000
48,000
D
D
D
41,000
55,000
D
D
D
D
48,000
D
D
D
D
36,000
D
45,000
45,000
43,000
31,000
49,000
S
57,000
80,000
58,000
47,000
40,000
S
42,000
D
30,000
D
31,000
D
51,000
41,000
51,000
44,000
68,000
D
40,000
40,000
44,000
65,000
D
73,000
63,000
46,000
D
D
35,000
53,000
58,000
D
D
50,000
S
58,000
D
D
36,000
D
39,000
D
D
33,000
D
42,000
D
D
35,000
D
29,000
D
D
S
D
23,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
90,000
75,000
65,000
53,000
80,000
82,000
92,000
80,000
96,000
94,000
104,000
92,000
102,000
D
110,000
80,000
99,000
132,000
69,000
94,000
75,000
90,000
75,000
67,000
75,000
68,000
63,000
65,000
60,000
91,000
73,000
80,000
69,000
79,000
101,000
70,000
90,000
71,000
75,000
106,000
94,000
95,000
88,000
91,000
108,000
87,000
103,000
113,000
D
109,000
98,000
103,000
126,000
D
100,000
96,000
114,000
100,000
D
100,000
90,000
99,000
97,000
Agricultural/food scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
86,000
79,000
65,000
58,000
80,000
80,000
90,000
79,000
96,000
91,000
100,000
96,000
100,000
80,000
102,000
101,000
97,000
93,000
69,000
90,000
72,000
86,000
72,000
67,000
75,000
60,000
60,000
57,000
59,000
90,000
70,000
75,000
75,000
93,000
100,000
74,000
90,000
63,000
92,000
101,000
94,000
95,000
83,000
D
105,000
92,000
100,000
109,000
D
108,000
86,000
100,000
103,000
D
103,000
78,000
103,000
100,000
D
91,000
89,000
98,000
34,000
Biological/medical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
81,000
73,000
60,000
55,000
74,000
69,000
85,000
75,000
90,000
86,000
97,000
92,000
100,000
84,000
100,000
101,000
95,000
S
68,000
85,000
70,000
82,000
67,000
55,000
67,000
58,000
58,000
56,000
59,000
85,000
68,000
72,000
74,000
89,000
96,000
69,000
84,000
62,000
82,000
98,000
93,000
89,000
83,000
D
94,000
91,000
97,000
105,000
D
100,000
81,000
100,000
81,000
D
97,000
76,000
100,000
99,000
D
73,000
89,000
97,000
31,000
S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Science occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Environmental life scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
80,000
71,000
46,000
45,000
70,000
61,000
83,000
75,000
90,000
81,000
100,000
92,000
106,000
86,000
100,000
108,000
100,000
122,000
57,000
78,000
72,000
80,000
62,000
D
44,000
49,000
50,000
39,000
D
70,000
63,000
72,000
69,000
D
93,000
S
83,000
62,000
D
87,000
D
89,000
88,000
D
72,000
77,000
108,000
107,000
D
113,000
89,000
105,000
80,000
D
89,000
D
102,000
D
D
70,000
D
100,000
D
85,000
64,000
73,000
84,000
94,000
92,000
91,000
105,000
91,000
80,000
66,000
71,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
71,000
91,000
85,000
91,000
D
58,000
49,000
65,000
D
D
D
61,000
75,000
D
D
78,000
92,000
84,000
D
D
D
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
93,000
D
D
D
D
94,000
D
D
D
D
105,000
D
D
D
D
82,000
D
81,000
78,000
45,000
47,000
75,000
62,000
95,000
78,000
99,000
103,000
109,000
128,000
124,000
D
117,000
S
100,000
134,000
57,000
79,000
95,000
83,000
62,000
D
43,000
48,000
46,000
38,000
D
74,000
64,000
75,000
72,000
D
97,000
147,000
95,000
90,000
D
87,000
D
100,000
91,000
D
91,000
82,000
115,000
D
D
113,000
D
125,000
D
D
93,000
96,000
121,000
D
D
S
D
100,000
D
Computer/information scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
81,000
70,000
41,000
D
74,000
53,000
73,000
D
84,000
D
109,000
D
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
50,000
D
83,000
D
D
D
D
41,000
D
D
D
D
79,000
D
D
D
D
73,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
109,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
70,000
65,000
51,000
33,000
61,000
58,000
64,000
67,000
73,000
81,000
81,000
D
87,000
D
86,000
S
102,000
D
D
70,000
60,000
72,000
62,000
D
47,000
59,000
52,000
D
D
63,000
59,000
60,000
D
D
69,000
37,000
66,000
D
D
85,000
D
70,000
D
D
D
60,000
89,000
D
D
D
D
84,000
D
D
69,000
D
89,000
D
D
S
D
102,000
D
95,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
102,000
103,000
98,000
101,000
99,000
89,000
59,000
89,000
94,000
98,000
79,000
72,000
D
88,000
D
95,000
75,000
95,000
91,000
D
82,000
69,000
77,000
67,000
D
100,000
89,000
83,000
95,000
D
100,000
D
100,000
D
D
99,000
94,000
106,000
D
D
108,000
70,000
102,000
92,000
D
101,000
93,000
97,000
D
D
83,000
72,000
104,000
D
D
85,000
78,000
99,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
104,000
115,000
91,000
75,000
99,000
D
109,000
116,000
110,000
D
119,000
D
100,000
D
119,000
D
100,000
D
D
100,000
115,000
105,000
106,000
D
86,000
88,000
92,000
75,000
D
103,000
96,000
87,000
115,000
D
103,000
D
117,000
D
D
105,000
D
111,000
D
D
119,000
D
119,000
D
D
102,000
D
96,000
D
D
108,000
D
116,000
D
D
S
D
100,000
D
Chemists, except biochemists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
100,000
90,000
85,000
68,000
110,000
97,000
101,000
D
126,000
D
93,000
D
122,000
D
119,000
D
104,000
D
D
94,000
92,000
101,000
61,000
D
86,000
D
84,000
D
D
109,000
92,000
112,000
D
D
112,000
D
99,000
D
D
82,000
D
131,000
D
D
90,000
D
93,000
D
D
D
D
124,000
D
D
D
D
119,000
D
D
D
D
107,000
D
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
74,000
73,000
59,000
58,000
73,000
78,000
76,000
57,000
80,000
68,000
84,000
D
90,000
D
89,000
D
83,000
88,000
D
79,000
69,000
73,000
60,000
D
65,000
68,000
54,000
55,000
D
77,000
65,000
71,000
D
D
80,000
71,000
75,000
D
D
81,000
D
80,000
D
D
102,000
D
81,000
D
D
96,000
D
90,000
D
D
62,000
D
95,000
D
D
74,000
78,000
86,000
D
Physicists/astronomers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
87,000
76,000
61,000
53,000
80,000
80,000
91,000
77,000
97,000
95,000
100,000
96,000
100,000
82,000
108,000
79,000
89,000
95,000
108,000
84,000
69,000
89,000
71,000
D
60,000
51,000
63,000
66,000
D
89,000
65,000
78,000
78,000
D
99,000
68,000
89,000
60,000
D
99,000
D
97,000
69,000
D
98,000
105,000
100,000
D
D
75,000
55,000
106,000
D
D
110,000
87,000
108,000
D
D
71,000
D
94,000
D
99,000
69,000
98,000
107,000
108,000
113,000
117,000
111,000
87,000
90,000
53,000
91,000
94,000
114,000
D
D
D
D
D
93,000
80,000
102,000
62,000
D
57,000
61,000
71,000
D
D
99,000
77,000
97,000
93,000
D
103,000
D
115,000
D
D
99,000
D
110,000
D
D
94,000
D
116,000
D
D
98,000
D
119,000
D
D
61,000
D
116,000
D
D
82,000
D
84,000
D
90,000
79,000
65,000
55,000
74,000
69,000
99,000
D
101,000
D
109,000
D
106,000
D
120,000
D
100,000
D
D
74,000
D
95,000
68,000
D
62,000
D
65,000
D
D
75,000
D
75,000
45,000
D
87,000
D
100,000
D
D
97,000
D
99,000
D
D
79,000
D
115,000
D
D
D
D
126,000
D
D
D
D
116,000
D
D
D
D
119,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
103,000
73,000
56,000
53,000
97,000
D
110,000
118,000
122,000
D
124,000
D
120,000
D
120,000
D
94,000
D
D
78,000
S
107,000
82,000
D
53,000
D
60,000
D
D
87,000
D
100,000
D
D
D
D
109,000
D
D
130,000
D
122,000
D
D
105,000
D
126,000
D
D
S
D
122,000
D
D
D
D
120,000
D
D
D
D
113,000
D
Economists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
71,000
64,000
53,000
51,000
61,000
74,000
71,000
63,000
75,000
79,000
80,000
72,000
78,000
62,000
95,000
D
84,000
D
D
71,000
62,000
72,000
69,000
D
56,000
47,000
53,000
66,000
D
58,000
55,000
62,000
D
D
77,000
68,000
70,000
D
D
82,000
D
75,000
D
D
82,000
D
80,000
D
D
84,000
D
79,000
D
D
113,000
81,000
91,000
D
D
72,000
D
85,000
D
Political/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
90,000
105,000
88,000
D
99,000
D
86,000
D
113,000
D
118,000
D
D
D
97,000
D
80,000
D
D
80,000
81,000
96,000
D
D
88,000
D
88,000
D
D
D
D
97,000
D
D
74,000
D
89,000
D
D
D
D
113,000
D
D
D
D
106,000
D
D
D
D
149,000
D
D
D
D
97,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
73,000
58,000
65,000
71,000
80,000
87,000
85,000
94,000
89,000
69,000
62,000
63,000
72,000
81,000
85,000
85,000
83,000
D
60,000
76,000
69,000
75,000
65,000
D
63,000
58,000
56,000
62,000
59,000
68,000
68,000
66,000
66,000
60,000
62,000
67,000
72,000
D
D
156,000
70,000
79,000
64,000
D
80,000
86,000
87,000
103,000
D
91,000
84,000
85,000
S
D
87,000
91,000
94,000
94,000
D
D
S
90,000
47,000
Psychologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
119,000
118,000
87,000
118,000
118,000
D
125,000
D
138,000
D
146,000
D
156,000
D
141,000
D
64,000
D
D
95,000
93,000
126,000
105,000
D
D
76,000
89,000
D
D
102,000
D
122,000
D
D
95,000
D
125,000
D
D
136,000
D
138,000
D
D
D
D
145,000
D
D
D
D
157,000
D
D
D
D
150,000
D
D
D
D
67,000
D
Sociologists/anthropologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
96,000
D
D
D
86,000
D
90,000
D
103,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
72,000
D
99,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
81,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Other social/related scientists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
70,000
65,000
56,000
59,000
60,000
60,000
67,000
66,000
74,000
74,000
82,000
76,000
82,000
D
92,000
D
95,000
D
57,000
70,000
67,000
70,000
64,000
D
59,000
62,000
55,000
64,000
D
64,000
69,000
58,000
61,000
D
64,000
63,000
68,000
D
D
138,000
67,000
73,000
D
D
71,000
86,000
82,000
D
D
83,000
74,000
82,000
D
D
85,000
94,000
91,000
89,000
D
D
D
95,000
D
74,000
63,000
57,000
60,000
71,000
66,000
73,000
55,000
79,000
73,000
84,000
94,000
80,000
62,000
90,000
D
72,000
D
79,000
81,000
71,000
75,000
73,000
D
D
56,000
55,000
57,000
D
68,000
63,000
73,000
74,000
D
89,000
74,000
73,000
93,000
D
81,000
74,000
79,000
D
D
S
75,000
84,000
D
D
D
87,000
80,000
D
D
D
65,000
92,000
D
D
D
D
74,000
D
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
76,000
89,000
53,000
D
70,000
65,000
76,000
D
115,000
D
104,000
D
109,000
D
101,000
D
S
D
D
78,000
S
76,000
65,000
D
S
36,000
60,000
60,000
D
D
D
72,000
D
D
D
D
77,000
D
D
D
D
91,000
D
D
D
D
106,000
D
D
D
D
109,000
D
D
D
D
101,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
Chemical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
81,000
82,000
62,000
62,000
83,000
D
81,000
D
91,000
D
103,000
D
82,000
D
89,000
D
S
D
D
53,000
87,000
84,000
60,000
D
D
63,000
61,000
D
D
66,000
90,000
84,000
D
D
S
D
93,000
D
D
121,000
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
105,000
D
D
D
D
85,000
D
D
D
D
90,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
101,000
98,000
84,000
85,000
100,000
98,000
107,000
111,000
116,000
96,000
120,000
111,000
124,000
75,000
120,000
122,000
100,000
D
98,000
99,000
92,000
106,000
110,000
D
82,000
85,000
86,000
D
D
100,000
99,000
100,000
98,000
D
106,000
80,000
108,000
125,000
D
110,000
103,000
119,000
73,000
D
120,000
D
121,000
119,000
D
128,000
D
120,000
D
D
116,000
125,000
122,000
D
D
110,000
D
99,000
D
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
115,000
98,000
87,000
D
108,000
D
118,000
D
119,000
D
129,000
D
126,000
D
136,000
D
D
D
D
117,000
D
116,000
D
D
D
D
87,000
D
D
D
D
111,000
D
D
102,000
D
122,000
D
D
101,000
D
121,000
D
D
126,000
D
135,000
D
D
D
D
123,000
D
D
D
D
135,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
Industrial engineers
Hispanic or Latino
104,000
98,000
82,000
84,000
105,000
D
102,000
D
120,000
D
119,000
D
103,000
D
116,000
D
107,000
D
Engineering occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
D
106,000
103,000
104,000
D
D
78,000
93,000
84,000
D
D
104,000
D
102,000
D
D
98,000
D
104,000
D
D
121,000
D
119,000
D
D
119,000
D
113,000
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
D
D
D
98,000
D
D
D
D
107,000
D
Mechanical engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
89,000
97,000
67,000
76,000
84,000
D
93,000
D
107,000
D
119,000
D
100,000
D
100,000
D
102,000
D
D
75,000
D
97,000
D
D
65,000
D
67,000
D
D
82,000
D
82,000
D
D
S
D
86,000
D
D
D
D
113,000
D
D
D
D
112,000
D
D
D
D
100,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
99,000
D
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
115,000
110,000
100,000
93,000
108,000
116,000
125,000
D
120,000
139,000
149,000
D
129,000
D
123,000
D
105,000
D
D
109,000
100,000
121,000
116,000
D
98,000
96,000
101,000
D
D
99,000
D
119,000
D
D
121,000
D
135,000
D
D
111,000
D
126,000
D
D
141,000
D
151,000
D
D
142,000
D
116,000
D
D
121,000
D
122,000
D
D
89,000
D
104,000
D
Other engineers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
100,000
80,000
83,000
D
96,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
110,000
D
130,000
D
D
D
D
107,000
90,000
115,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
101,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
110,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
100,000
99,000
84,000
D
100,000
D
110,000
D
107,000
D
118,000
D
122,000
D
114,000
D
97,000
D
D
94,000
101,000
109,000
D
D
83,000
D
94,000
D
D
97,000
D
100,000
D
D
100,000
D
116,000
D
D
101,000
D
124,000
D
D
119,000
D
117,000
D
D
120,000
D
122,000
D
D
D
D
115,000
D
D
D
D
81,000
D
93,000
95,000
77,000
77,000
84,000
D
91,000
D
99,000
93,000
103,000
95,000
108,000
D
115,000
D
106,000
D
D
82,000
84,000
100,000
101,000
D
78,000
D
76,000
D
D
82,000
80,000
82,000
D
D
90,000
76,000
92,000
D
D
91,000
106,000
100,000
D
D
99,000
D
104,000
D
D
104,000
D
119,000
D
D
94,000
115,000
121,000
D
D
96,000
D
107,000
D
100,000
110,000
80,000
70,000
102,000
100,000
101,000
113,000
119,000
D
120,000
D
125,000
D
120,000
D
97,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Health occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
S&E managers, including health
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
94,000
79,000
104,000
112,000
79,000
54,000
80,000
78,000
100,000
100,000
104,000
D
107,000
D
100,000
D
117,000
D
118,000
D
121,000
D
120,000
D
129,000
D
120,000
D
S
D
127,000
D
101,000
D
90,000
D
95,000
78,000
62,000
61,000
85,000
S
95,000
85,000
100,000
135,000
120,000
110,000
124,000
D
135,000
61,000
127,000
D
67,000
108,000
68,000
95,000
89,000
D
59,000
53,000
63,000
66,000
D
90,000
72,000
85,000
86,000
D
109,000
99,000
84,000
101,000
D
145,000
102,000
94,000
96,000
D
108,000
94,000
128,000
140,000
D
131,000
102,000
127,000
154,000
D
S
S
149,000
D
D
127,000
108,000
121,000
D
S&E technicians/technologists
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
85,000
65,000
62,000
61,000
83,000
D
94,000
97,000
90,000
115,000
109,000
108,000
129,000
D
122,000
61,000
130,000
D
64,000
92,000
66,000
85,000
71,000
D
51,000
60,000
62,000
65,000
D
79,000
72,000
81,000
87,000
D
109,000
69,000
86,000
75,000
D
164,000
115,000
80,000
79,000
D
D
89,000
117,000
D
D
D
109,000
140,000
D
D
D
S
148,000
D
D
127,000
S
123,000
D
Other S&E-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
139,000
136,000
100,000
75,000
102,000
123,000
127,000
127,000
142,000
171,000
145,000
167,000
150,000
D
158,000
D
152,000
D
D
133,000
111,000
140,000
100,000
D
70,000
72,000
127,000
D
D
103,000
94,000
101,000
D
D
130,000
117,000
125,000
101,000
D
142,000
126,000
140,000
D
D
129,000
105,000
149,000
D
D
115,000
D
152,000
D
D
154,000
D
157,000
D
D
146,000
D
149,000
D
58,000
76,000
47,000
D
62,000
51,000
71,000
D
67,000
D
D
D
41,000
D
43,000
D
53,000
D
D
75,000
47,000
58,000
D
D
D
44,000
D
D
D
D
D
63,000
D
D
D
D
71,000
D
D
D
D
66,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
41,000
D
D
D
D
43,000
D
D
D
D
53,000
D
Arts/humanities/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
97,000
S
79,000
D
83,000
D
96,000
D
91,000
D
77,000
D
123,000
D
S
D
63,000
D
D
97,000
D
95,000
D
D
88,000
D
D
D
D
103,000
D
D
D
D
98,000
D
D
D
D
113,000
D
72,000
D
D
D
D
93,000
D
D
D
D
123,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
Management-related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
100,000
D
D
D
D
D
100,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
102,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S&E precollege teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
Non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
73,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
94,000
68,000
70,000
45,000
84,000
72,000
95,000
81,000
94,000
90,000
109,000
79,000
102,000
D
119,000
78,000
100,000
131,000
74,000
101,000
80,000
95,000
70,000
D
95,000
141,000
70,000
67,000
64,000
95,000
73,000
88,000
52,000
D
129,000
69,000
94,000
84,000
D
99,000
S
91,000
116,000
D
110,000
77,000
108,000
91,000
D
99,000
107,000
104,000
127,000
D
97,000
S
122,000
S
D
99,000
89,000
99,000
116,000
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
49,000
46,000
26,000
D
58,000
D
60,000
D
70,000
D
S
D
94,000
D
56,000
D
59,000
D
D
S
59,000
48,000
D
D
D
D
25,000
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
58,000
D
D
D
D
69,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
76,000
D
D
D
D
64,000
D
D
D
D
S
D
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
115,000
79,000
118,000
104,000
D
S
125,000
102,000
80,000
145,000
115,000
D
94,000
D
99,000
D
92,000
D
D
120,000
145,000
112,000
102,000
D
97,000
D
92,000
72,000
D
137,000
106,000
D
D
D
175,000
87,000
118,000
S
D
121,000
D
72,000
D
D
137,000
110,000
115,000
D
D
92,000
D
98,000
D
D
70,000
94,000
100,000
D
D
D
D
91,000
D
Sales/marketing occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
137,000
113,000
98,000
91,000
119,000
108,000
109,000
85,000
137,000
110,000
146,000
129,000
150,000
141,000
178,000
113,000
168,000
130,000
D
124,000
99,000
141,000
119,000
D
84,000
75,000
99,000
D
D
83,000
75,000
120,000
111,000
D
166,000
70,000
108,000
D
D
100,000
118,000
139,000
159,000
D
124,000
130,000
147,000
D
D
109,000
155,000
154,000
202,000
D
124,000
184,000
179,000
D
D
125,000
106,000
173,000
D
Social services/related occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
70,000
61,000
54,000
D
63,000
60,000
67,000
62,000
75,000
69,000
94,000
D
74,000
D
108,000
D
90,000
D
D
93,000
72,000
68,000
D
D
89,000
62,000
50,000
D
D
100,000
63,000
58,000
D
D
91,000
62,000
63,000
D
D
89,000
72,000
72,000
D
D
D
75,000
94,000
D
D
101,000
D
74,000
D
D
D
73,000
110,000
D
D
D
D
99,000
D
Other non-S&E occupations
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
61,000
46,000
52,000
D
46,000
D
79,000
D
73,000
D
52,000
D
61,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Non-S&E managers
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
White
Other
TABLE 16. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, race, and years since highest
degree: 2008
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
Black or African American
49,000
D
D
D
D
D
White
72,000
61,000
28,000
79,000
66,000
40,000
Other
S
D
D
D
D
D
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
D
61,000
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Level of highest degree, occupation, ethnicity, and racea
<5 years 5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
S&E = science and engineering.
a "Other"
b Total
includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and Not Hispanic or Latino respondents reporting two or more races.
includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include any person who has ever received bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related field through 30 June 2007, plus any person holding
non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who was employed in S&E or S&E-related occupation on 1 October 2003. See http://sestat.nsf.gov/docs/occ03maj.html for detailed description
of occupational classification. Salaries are for principal job and rounded to nearest thousand
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2008.