TABLE 3. Broad occupation category of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and field of highest degree: 2008
(Percent distribution)
S&E occupations
Biological/
agricultural/
other life
scientists
Physical/
related
scientists
S&E-related occupations
Number
Percent
Computer/
mathematical
scientists
19,244,000
100.0
10.2
2.6
1.7
2.6
10,216,000
100.0
14.0
4.0
2.9
7,763,000
100.0
14.3
5.2
Biological/agricultural/environmental
life sciences
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Environmental life sciences
1,569,000
266,000
1,125,000
178,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.3
2.2
3.6
3.0
Computer/mathematical sciences
Computer/information sciences
Mathematics/statistics
1,651,000
1,159,000
492,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
665,000
306,000
168,000
150,000
40,000
All occupations
Level and field of highest degree
All degree levels and fieldsa
S&E fields
Sciences
Physical/related sciences
Chemistry, except biochemistry
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences
Physics/astronomy
Other physical sciences
Social/related sciences
Economics
Political/related sciences
Psychology
Sociology/anthropology
Other social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace/aeronautical/
astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil/architectural engineering
Electrical/computer engineering
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
S&E-related fields
Health
Science/mathematics teacher education
Social/
related
scientists Engineers
S&E
S&E
pre- technicians
college
and
teachers technologists
Other
S&Erelated
Non-S&E
jobs occupations
Health
occupations
S&E
managers
8.2
19.6
2.6
3.1
2.3
1.1
45.9
3.7
13.4
4.5
2.8
1.9
2.9
0.5
49.4
3.6
4.8
1.9
5.7
2.0
2.4
3.0
0.4
56.8
22.2
18.1
24.4
13.7
2.5
1.7
2.3
5.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
1.3
2.1
2.3
1.6
5.5
15.5
7.5
19.3
3.5
1.9
0.9
2.1
2.0
3.6
1.5
4.4
1.9
4.5
3.5
4.3
6.9
0.2
D
D
D
43.9
61.9
37.8
55.5
52.8
61.2
33.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
S
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.6
2.7
2.5
3.2
0.9
1.0
0.8
4.2
4.9
2.3
3.0
0.6
8.8
5.7
6.2
4.4
1.5
S
4.5
28.6
22.9
41.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.0
4.3
6.4
18.0
6.4
4.2
5.5
2.4
2.1
10.1
34.0
38.6
39.0
25.5
10.0
0.4
S
D
0.6
D
7.6
6.1
6.6
12.8
3.3
3.5
6.1
1.0
0.6
5.3
3.0
2.7
3.8
2.9
S
3.4
3.0
4.1
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.0
3.6
4.1
3.6
S
D
D
D
D
32.3
30.1
33.2
29.8
54.8
3,878,000
580,000
705,000
1,414,000
763,000
416,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.5
5.6
3.7
2.5
3.4
4.2
0.6
1.2
S
0.6
0.5
0.9
0.2
D
S
D
S
0.8
9.1
6.7
6.2
14.1
6.3
5.8
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.3
D
0.5
4.1
0.8
2.8
6.4
4.1
3.3
1.0
1.4
1.0
1.1
0.5
0.8
1.4
0.5
1.6
0.9
1.3
4.5
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.8
0.3
3.5
0.1
0.2
D
D
D
D
78.3
81.4
82.5
73.1
83.4
75.4
2,453,000
100.0
12.9
0.5
0.8
0.3
49.8
0.6
5.5
0.3
2.7
0.7
26.0
81,000
165,000
397,000
808,000
139,000
500,000
363,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.2
4.9
2.8
27.2
11.6
5.4
8.1
D
1.2
D
0.1
D
0.1
2.1
S
3.1
0.3
0.3
S
0.2
2.2
D
S
S
0.2
S
0.3
0.4
52.4
54.0
58.4
42.5
38.4
59.0
45.7
D
1.4
D
0.4
S
S
1.6
4.1
6.8
6.9
5.2
3.5
5.4
5.0
S
S
D
0.2
S
0.5
0.2
S
1.6
1.8
3.5
3.0
2.3
2.6
D
D
3.4
S
D
D
S
32.4
26.1
25.8
20.2
39.4
26.4
31.7
4,727,000
3,784,000
308,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.6
1.0
4.5
1.1
1.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.3
S
1.3
0.1
S
64.7
80.5
2.3
1.8
2.0
D
3.1
0.2
43.8
0.7
0.2
0.9
3.3
D
D
20.5
14.1
46.1
TABLE 3. Broad occupation category of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and field of highest degree: 2008
(Percent distribution)
S&E occupations
Biological/
agricultural/
other life
scientists
Physical/
related
scientists
S&E-related occupations
Level and field of highest degree
Number
Percent
Computer/
mathematical
scientists
Technology/technical fields
Other S&E-related fields
306,000
328,000
100.0
100.0
21.3
1.6
D
D
D
D
D
4.4
4,302,000
308,000
100.0
100.0
9.7
20.5
0.8
D
0.5
D
948,000
1,417,000
150,000
354,000
1,125,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.7
17.3
10.2
4.6
4.5
0.4
0.8
D
D
1.4
10,745,000
100.0
11.7
7,367,000
100.0
5,658,000
Biological/agricultural/environmental
life sciences
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Environmental life sciences
Computer/mathematical sciences
Computer/information sciences
Mathematics/statistics
All occupations
Non-S&E fields
Arts/humanities
Education, except science/mathematics
teacher education
Management/administration
Sales/marketing
Social services/related
Other non-S&E fields
Bachelor's degrees
S&E fields
Sciences
Physical/related sciences
Chemistry, except biochemistry
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences
Physics/astronomy
Other physical sciences
Social/related sciences
Economics
Political/related sciences
Psychology
Sociology/anthropology
Other social sciences
Social/
related
scientists Engineers
S&E
S&E
pre- technicians
college
and
teachers technologists
Other
S&Erelated
Non-S&E
jobs occupations
Health
occupations
S&E
managers
16.3
1.4
0.9
D
3.2
0.7
1.2
D
7.3
0.8
D
46.3
48.5
44.6
2.2
3.0
3.6
1.8
6.2
11.0
2.9
3.1
6.0
8.6
2.7
7.9
0.3
1.3
65.3
42.5
0.4
0.6
D
D
0.5
1.9
1.0
9.8
5.7
1.6
0.4
8.3
5.8
0.6
1.3
7.1
5.6
4.1
5.6
5.4
0.6
5.7
D
2.6
1.4
20.3
1.1
S
1.7
1.4
0.9
4.5
S
1.4
1.2
D
0.3
D
D
0.2
65.1
54.7
65.6
77.6
81.0
1.8
1.3
1.1
9.2
17.7
2.5
2.3
3.3
1.4
47.6
12.8
2.4
1.8
1.3
12.4
5.0
2.4
1.8
3.3
0.5
56.3
100.0
13.2
3.1
2.2
1.6
1.7
6.3
1.6
2.3
3.4
0.4
64.3
1,144,000
217,000
791,000
137,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.1
2.0
3.5
2.4
13.0
10.7
13.8
11.8
2.2
1.4
2.1
3.6
0.3
D
0.2
0.9
2.3
2.2
1.8
5.4
17.2
7.8
22.0
4.1
1.0
0.4
1.2
0.7
3.7
S
4.7
1.7
5.4
4.1
5.3
7.7
S
D
D
D
51.9
69.9
45.3
61.3
1,161,000
809,000
352,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.9
59.8
23.8
D
D
D
0.2
D
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.4
2.3
2.0
2.9
1.1
1.2
1.0
3.8
4.3
2.8
3.3
0.4
9.9
6.3
7.0
4.7
1.6
D
4.8
32.1
24.7
49.1
395,000
194,000
100,000
68,000
33,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.5
5.3
7.5
19.9
6.8
2.8
2.9
1.4
1.3
S
24.2
31.4
26.0
9.0
8.5
0.5
D
D
0.9
D
7.9
7.3
8.5
11.2
S
5.1
8.4
1.3
S
S
2.2
1.9
2.6
S
D
2.5
2.2
3.3
3.1
S
4.5
3.4
5.5
6.7
3.1
D
D
D
D
D
41.8
36.7
43.9
44.7
59.4
2,958,000
495,000
562,000
901,000
678,000
322,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.8
5.7
3.5
3.1
3.4
4.2
0.4
1.2
D
0.3
S
0.8
0.2
D
D
D
D
0.3
2.7
2.4
2.5
3.3
2.3
2.9
0.4
0.7
0.8
0.3
D
0.6
4.2
0.8
2.3
7.6
4.4
3.1
0.8
1.4
0.7
0.7
S
0.8
1.3
0.5
1.2
0.9
1.3
3.8
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.1
0.3
3.7
0.1
S
D
D
D
D
84.8
85.8
87.2
82.6
87.4
79.6
TABLE 3. Broad occupation category of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and field of highest degree: 2008
(Percent distribution)
S&E occupations
Biological/
agricultural/
other life
scientists
Physical/
related
scientists
S&E-related occupations
Number
Percent
Computer/
mathematical
scientists
1,709,000
100.0
11.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
54,000
121,000
292,000
547,000
101,000
389,000
205,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.8
4.0
2.2
25.6
8.6
3.9
8.2
D
0.4
D
D
D
D
1.3
D
2.8
D
0.1
D
D
1.1
S&E-related fields
Health
Science/mathematics teacher education
Technology/technical fields
Other S&E-related fields
2,406,000
1,782,000
138,000
257,000
229,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.5
1.4
3.1
19.5
1.9
0.3
0.4
D
D
D
Non-S&E fields
Arts/humanities
Education, except science/mathematics
teacher education
Management/administration
Sales/marketing
Social services/related
Other non-S&E fields
971,000
197,000
100.0
100.0
24.1
26.9
157,000
385,000
48,000
31,000
154,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Master's degrees
5,690,000
S&E fields
All occupations
Social/
related
scientists Engineers
S&E
S&E
pre- technicians
college
and
teachers technologists
Other
S&Erelated
Non-S&E
jobs occupations
Health
occupations
S&E
managers
47.6
0.6
5.4
0.3
3.0
0.7
29.9
D
D
D
0.2
D
0.3
0.3
48.3
53.4
55.6
40.5
37.2
57.2
38.5
D
S
D
0.4
D
S
2.0
2.5
7.1
7.5
4.8
3.9
5.2
4.2
D
S
D
S
D
S
D
S
1.5
2.1
4.3
3.6
2.3
3.1
D
D
3.2
D
D
D
D
39.3
28.4
28.7
23.8
42.7
29.8
40.3
0.1
0.1
1.0
D
D
0.4
S
D
D
2.0
2.0
0.2
D
15.3
1.4
58.2
78.2
4.0
S
D
1.9
2.1
D
2.7
0.5
1.9
0.3
28.2
S
D
1.2
0.3
S
7.5
S
4.3
D
D
D
44.9
26.1
17.0
60.0
52.1
48.1
1.4
D
0.7
D
1.9
3.9
3.7
2.5
13.5
13.2
4.2
4.5
6.5
7.8
8.7
10.5
0.8
2.0
34.5
28.5
6.1
32.6
20.3
29.7
17.9
S
1.2
D
D
4.2
D
0.6
D
D
2.2
S
S
6.0
D
2.8
1.7
4.4
9.2
D
4.2
15.1
10.2
10.0
20.7
20.3
1.4
5.2
D
S
4.3
23.2
1.2
D
D
3.5
4.1
10.8
D
13.2
6.6
D
D
D
D
D
45.3
32.8
47.0
28.0
33.1
100.0
10.7
2.2
1.5
3.8
8.4
12.7
3.4
5.9
1.5
1.2
48.6
2,085,000
100.0
19.4
4.4
3.3
6.7
16.9
2.8
3.9
2.6
2.4
0.6
37.0
1,481,000
100.0
20.2
5.9
4.3
9.2
2.1
3.8
3.1
3.5
2.5
0.5
44.7
Biological/agricultural/environmental
life sciences
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Environmental life sciences
219,000
31,000
154,000
34,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.4
D
4.3
5.8
34.5
41.0
37.6
14.8
4.2
2.6
3.0
10.9
0.6
D
0.4
1.9
2.0
S
0.6
6.3
10.6
9.1
12.9
S
3.2
D
3.0
5.7
6.0
5.0
6.8
3.2
3.4
S
3.4
5.0
D
D
D
D
30.6
31.6
28.0
41.1
Computer/mathematical sciences
Computer/information sciences
Mathematics/statistics
430,000
326,000
104,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.0
63.5
49.0
0.2
D
D
D
D
D
0.7
0.5
1.1
3.6
3.5
4.0
0.3
0.3
D
5.3
6.7
1.1
2.6
1.0
7.5
4.7
4.6
4.8
1.3
D
5.0
21.3
19.5
27.1
Physical/related sciences
Chemistry, except biochemistry
129,000
41,000
100.0
100.0
8.5
2.0
4.5
6.9
40.3
45.0
D
D
6.5
2.7
1.3
3.1
4.0
S
8.5
10.0
3.1
4.8
D
D
23.0
22.8
Level and field of highest degree
Engineering
Aerospace/aeronautical/
astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil/architectural engineering
Electrical/computer engineering
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Sciences
TABLE 3. Broad occupation category of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and field of highest degree: 2008
(Percent distribution)
S&E occupations
Biological/
agricultural/
other life
scientists
Physical/
related
scientists
S&E-related occupations
Number
Percent
Computer/
mathematical
scientists
50,000
34,000
5,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.4
21.6
D
S
1.7
S
51.3
22.7
S
D
D
D
703,000
61,000
121,000
385,000
58,000
77,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.0
6.2
5.0
1.4
4.3
4.1
0.8
S
D
0.8
1.8
0.6
0.3
D
D
D
D
2.0
604,000
100.0
17.4
0.7
20,000
27,000
93,000
219,000
34,000
92,000
119,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.8
8.2
4.5
32.5
19.0
11.3
8.3
S&E-related fields
Health
Science/mathematics teacher education
Technology/technical fields
Other S&E-related fields
1,105,000
802,000
162,000
46,000
95,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Non-S&E fields
Arts/humanities
Education, except science/mathematics
teacher education
Management/administration
Sales/marketing
Social services/related
Other non-S&E fields
2,501,000
95,000
All occupations
Social/
related
scientists Engineers
S&E
S&E
pre- technicians
college
and
teachers technologists
Other
S&Erelated
Non-S&E
jobs occupations
Health
occupations
S&E
managers
3.9
15.7
D
D
D
D
6.1
S
D
6.6
7.4
S
0.9
3.5
D
D
D
D
20.7
23.7
44.6
18.8
18.6
13.7
21.1
25.6
10.5
0.5
S
D
D
D
D
4.3
D
5.2
5.0
0.6
4.1
1.7
D
2.8
1.8
D
S
2.4
D
3.7
1.2
S
8.4
0.7
D
D
0.4
D
3.3
D
D
D
D
D
D
67.5
67.0
68.7
68.2
62.9
65.9
1.0
0.5
53.0
0.3
5.8
0.4
2.1
0.9
18.0
D
2.2
D
D
D
D
2.5
D
2.3
0.6
0.5
D
D
2.5
D
D
D
D
D
D
0.5
58.2
52.4
65.1
44.2
41.9
63.8
53.7
D
D
D
0.3
D
D
0.6
7.6
4.9
4.9
6.5
1.8
6.5
5.8
D
S
D
D
D
S
0.3
D
2.5
1.2
2.2
1.5
2.6
2.3
D
D
4.8
D
D
D
D
22.5
23.7
18.6
13.1
31.5
14.5
23.4
3.1
1.5
4.5
31.5
S
1.7
2.2
D
D
D
0.2
0.2
D
D
D
1.7
1.0
D
D
9.8
1.1
S
D
18.1
1.6
49.3
67.6
0.8
D
D
3.0
3.7
D
6.2
D
8.8
0.3
58.0
D
D
0.4
D
D
5.9
D
4.5
D
D
D
51.1
26.3
23.2
34.9
32.0
34.9
100.0
100.0
6.8
9.6
0.7
D
0.5
D
2.4
S
4.6
0.5
4.9
8.5
3.2
D
7.3
10.7
1.3
4.1
0.2
D
68.2
64.4
730,000
1,017,000
100,000
291,000
268,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.9
11.7
5.5
2.1
5.8
D
0.7
D
D
2.8
0.5
0.6
D
D
0.6
1.5
1.1
11.7
6.1
2.7
0.2
9.9
4.4
0.6
2.8
5.2
3.9
D
4.5
8.1
0.5
5.9
D
2.4
2.6
20.5
1.1
D
1.1
2.8
0.3
2.1
D
D
1.1
D
0.3
D
D
D
69.1
62.6
74.0
82.7
70.4
Doctoral degrees
934,000
100.0
9.8
16.7
10.0
15.4
11.5
7.0
3.5
1.6
0.5
0.1
24.1
S&E fields
742,000
100.0
11.0
19.2
12.4
17.5
14.0
4.3
4.0
0.6
0.6
0.1
16.4
603,000
100.0
11.0
23.1
14.2
21.5
2.8
5.1
3.6
0.7
0.5
0.1
17.4
Level and field of highest degree
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences
Physics/astronomy
Other physical sciences
Social/related sciences
Economics
Political/related sciences
Psychology
Sociology/anthropology
Other social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace/aeronautical/
astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil/architectural engineering
Electrical/computer engineering
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Sciences
TABLE 3. Broad occupation category of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and field of highest degree: 2008
(Percent distribution)
S&E occupations
Biological/
agricultural/
other life
scientists
Physical/
related
scientists
S&E-related occupations
Number
Percent
Computer/
mathematical
scientists
206,000
19,000
180,000
7,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.1
2.0
3.2
2.1
59.8
65.3
59.8
45.9
2.8
2.9
2.2
17.1
0.7
0.7
0.6
5.3
60,000
24,000
37,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
77.1
77.3
76.9
0.9
0.4
1.2
0.9
D
0.7
Physical/related sciences
Chemistry, except biochemistry
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences
Physics/astronomy
Other physical sciences
140,000
71,000
19,000
48,000
2,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.3
3.0
2.8
12.7
D
8.1
11.9
2.8
3.4
32.3
Social/related sciences
Economics
Political/related sciences
Psychology
Sociology/anthropology
Other social sciences
196,000
24,000
22,000
106,000
27,000
17,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
3.1
1.8
1.7
2.3
4.7
140,000
100.0
Chemical engineering
Civil/architectural engineering
Electrical/computer engineering
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
7,000
18,000
12,000
42,000
4,000
19,000
39,000
S&E-related fields
Health
Science/mathematics teacher education
Technology/technical fields
Other S&E-related fields
All occupations
Level and field of highest degree
Biological/agricultural/environmental
life sciences
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Environmental life sciences
Computer/mathematical sciences
Computer/information sciences
Mathematics/statistics
Engineering
Aerospace/aeronautical/
astronautical engineering
Non-S&E fields
Arts/humanities
Social/
related
scientists Engineers
S&E
S&E
pre- technicians
college
and
teachers technologists
Other
S&Erelated
Non-S&E
jobs occupations
Health
occupations
S&E
managers
1.4
1.0
1.3
4.8
11.6
2.3
13.0
D
5.3
6.3
5.0
10.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
D
0.7
D
0.7
D
D
D
D
D
13.8
18.3
13.3
12.3
0.4
D
0.5
4.6
6.0
3.6
0.5
0.8
D
1.9
3.5
0.9
0.9
0.5
S
0.4
D
0.3
0.3
D
0.5
12.1
9.3
13.9
55.9
54.8
75.2
50.8
34.9
0.3
D
D
S
D
7.7
4.9
3.7
13.1
10.7
1.3
1.8
D
0.9
D
4.4
5.0
3.8
3.9
D
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.8
D
0.8
1.0
D
0.9
D
D
D
D
D
D
14.1
16.3
9.8
12.9
10.2
2.3
0.6
D
2.8
1.8
4.8
0.5
D
0.5
D
S
3.6
65.0
67.0
58.0
70.4
63.8
39.7
0.4
D
D
0.5
D
1.1
2.3
0.8
1.4
2.4
3.5
3.6
1.6
S
D
2.5
0.6
D
0.3
D
D
0.2
D
0.9
0.1
D
D
D
D
0.9
D
D
D
D
D
D
25.3
27.0
37.3
19.5
27.5
40.0
11.2
2.3
4.3
0.3
62.0
1.1
5.7
0.3
0.8
D
12.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.3
5.5
5.7
20.5
22.2
6.5
6.8
D
4.7
D
0.6
D
D
4.9
6.4
6.2
4.2
1.8
D
1.9
7.5
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
68.6
60.3
73.4
59.5
39.9
71.1
58.5
D
S
D
0.7
S
D
2.1
6.2
7.5
7.4
4.2
8.3
4.1
6.5
D
D
D
S
D
D
S
D
D
D
0.8
D
1.0
1.3
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
6.4
14.1
8.5
10.7
25.2
13.9
12.0
66,000
50,000
8,000
4,000
4,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.8
1.3
29.4
22.7
D
17.8
22.6
D
D
D
1.5
1.7
D
D
D
3.3
2.5
D
D
S
4.0
S
D
62.8
D
40.5
53.2
D
D
D
2.7
3.5
D
D
D
3.3
D
26.6
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
20.1
14.2
34.5
D
75.8
126,000
16,000
100.0
100.0
5.0
7.6
1.2
D
D
D
9.2
D
0.7
D
5.0
D
D
D
6.2
D
D
D
D
D
71.5
82.9
TABLE 3. Broad occupation category of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and field of highest degree: 2008
(Percent distribution)
S&E occupations
All occupations
Level and field of highest degree
Number
Percent
Computer/
mathematical
scientists
Biological/
agricultural/
other life
scientists
Physical/
related
scientists
S&E-related occupations
Social/
related
scientists Engineers
Education, except science/mathematics
58,000
100.0
S
D
D
8.6
teacher education
15,000
100.0
D
D
D
S
Management/administration
2,000
100.0
D
D
D
D
Sales/marketing
19,000
100.0
S
D
D
11.2
Social services/related
17,000
100.0
S
D
D
16.5
Other non-S&E fields
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
Health
occupations
S&E
managers
8.5
D
D
D
5.3
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S&E
S&E
pre- technicians
college
and
teachers technologists
7.8
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Other
S&Erelated
Non-S&E
jobs occupations
D
D
D
D
D
S&E = science and engineering.
a
Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include any person who has ever received bachelor's or higher degree in S&E or S&E-related field through 30 June 2007, plus any person holding non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who was
employed in S&E or S&E-related occupation on 1 October 2003. See http://sestat.nsf.gov/docs/ed03maj.html for detailed description of educational field classification, and see http://sestat.nsf.gov/docs/occ03maj.html for detailed
description of occupational classification. Numbers are rounded to nearest thousand. Percentages are based on unrounded numbers and rounded to nearest tenth. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2008.
70.1
74.9
100.0
67.3
64.4