TABLE 47. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, and doctoral degree type: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Temporary visa holders
Doctoral degree
type
Dual
unknown/not
degreea
reporteda
Doctoral
degreea
Professional
degreea
Dual
degreea
Doctoral
degree type
unknown/not
reporteda
9,377
22,296
1,908
805
8,637
156
6,820
16,974
545
312
5,801
470
7
148
1
5,604
204
13,995
425
517
7
296
3
4,526
149
6,906
120
821
969
139
57
172
732
93
88
459
794
77
427
479
512
42
925
418
17
9
14
18
0
3
14
1
1
21
44
7
97
28
30
0
114
123
3
4
4
4
0
0
14
1
1
31
15
0
12
12
12
0
10
2,741
107
330
330
72
48
111
462
63
40
177
281
28
214
209
131
19
119
8,074
97
965
1,004
166
84
207
1,153
46
68
452
875
70
697
616
525
11
1,038
458
7
17
6
9
0
3
19
0
1
24
44
4
92
34
43
0
155
260
7
20
3
5
1
0
58
0
0
29
22
1
26
36
28
0
24
2,557
79
367
225
53
50
107
344
34
34
196
299
32
232
242
167
4
92
60
25
0
0
12
13
3
0
7
748
197
3
1
112
315
3
0
117
1,760
184
601
332
643
527
47
195
165
120
8
0
4
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
416
29
80
26
281
618
97
239
130
152
5
0
1
0
4
2
2
0
0
0
184
9
82
10
83
30
14
0
0
8
5
0
0
3
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
756
680
76
276
258
18
1
1
0
1
1
0
113
98
15
270
243
27
2
2
0
0
0
0
93
77
16
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesb
765
132
9
1
308
180
10
0
125
818
246
5
14
125
266
12
26
124
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
7,703
532
4,241
2,628
302
1,922
154
1,006
735
27
9
2
4
3
0
2
0
1
1
0
1,265
119
671
368
107
3,413
206
1,902
1,244
61
12
0
10
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
1,078
51
645
275
107
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
1,077
123
634
320
598
88
316
194
6
2
2
2
2
0
1
1
159
24
115
20
273
8
170
95
4
1
0
3
2
0
2
0
33
0
28
5
646
44
83
297
13
46
4
1
1
3
0
0
141
10
18
143
17
13
1
0
0
1
0
0
56
3
5
Total
Doctoral
degreea
Professional
degreea
All surveyed fields
63,415
17,430
2,481
481
Science and engineering
44,051
12,948
495
Science
Agricultural sciences
37,095
1,195
11,539
399
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
21,537
437
2,533
2,555
466
240
603
2,796
238
233
1,389
2,374
219
1,797
1,656
1,448
76
2,477
Field
Communicationb
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Family and consumer sciences/
human sciencesb
Neuroscience
b
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
TABLE 47. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, and doctoral degree type: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Field
Economics (except agricultural)
Geography
History and philosophy of science
Linguistics
Political science
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architectureb
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineeringb
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurologyb
Obstetrics/gynecology
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
Other health
Dental sciences
Nursing
Pharmaceutical sciences
Temporary visa holders
Doctoral degree
type
Dual
unknown/not
degreea
reporteda
Doctoral
degreea
Professional
degreea
Dual
degreea
Doctoral
degree type
unknown/not
reporteda
14
17
2
0
23
20
0
37
10
14
4
7
14
11
0
53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
1
2
6
5
5
0
16
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
1,216
35
6
3
255
230
126
120
9
59
167
121
0
36
0
49
2,979
95
62
5
343
453
243
490
137
46
468
395
1
29
31
181
28
0
0
0
3
2
3
12
0
0
7
1
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
1,275
27
20
0
186
183
80
266
12
39
168
154
4
23
3
110
1,986
1,821
41
93
52
56
35
75
53
81
29
9
258
43
78
74
62
200
582
325
307
2
22
10
5
17
24
7
55
10
3
23
5
11
5
6
6
96
2,557
2,155
108
64
35
50
30
147
44
126
87
19
117
145
259
49
108
170
597
5,322
4,480
93
152
144
75
123
432
98
786
138
42
364
139
157
40
346
276
1,075
1,363
1,278
67
79
39
24
23
62
13
83
51
14
49
9
25
17
75
198
450
493
455
17
36
32
9
6
24
10
48
15
8
21
3
8
8
9
38
163
2,836
2,439
78
141
57
65
39
215
52
174
112
9
95
40
118
45
166
190
843
165
45
2
26
18
7
0
1
402
28
11
134
842
118
4
403
85
36
0
10
38
22
0
3
397
29
0
172
Total
Doctoral
degreea
Professional
degreea
47
62
13
27
85
81
0
204
10
29
4
14
43
44
0
94
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
6,956
191
119
10
1,036
1,092
570
1,097
243
163
1,009
835
6
107
46
432
1,409
34
28
2
238
222
117
191
85
19
191
163
1
19
10
89
25
0
3
0
6
2
1
9
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
19,364
16,610
477
700
457
320
352
1,328
333
1,903
523
140
1,209
580
1,066
287
1,034
1,257
4,644
4,482
3,675
71
113
88
36
79
349
56
550
81
36
282
196
410
49
262
179
838
2,754
358
55
1,102
807
73
38
353
TABLE 47. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, and doctoral degree type: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Field
Speech pathology/audiology
Veterinary sciences
Other health, nec
nec = not elsewhere classified.
Total
Doctoral
degreea
Professional
degreea
54
464
721
15
125
203
0
54
38
Temporary visa holders
Doctoral degree
type
Dual
unknown/not
degreea
reporteda
0
5
5
23
104
102
Doctoral
degreea
Professional
degreea
Dual
degreea
Doctoral
degree type
unknown/not
reporteda
7
106
204
2
12
25
0
9
4
7
49
140
Doctoral degree = PhD, ScD, DEng, etc.; Professional degree = MD, DVM, DO, DDS, etc.; Dual degree = both professional and doctoral degrees (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD, etc.).
In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as
collected in 2007; "2007old" shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. "Communication" and "family and consumer sciences/human sciences" are newly eligible;
data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies" is also newly eligible; data may have been reported under other fields before
2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous years. "Architecture" is reported
as separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/
for more detail.
a
b
NOTES: In 2010, postdoc section of survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for
more information). Thus it is unclear how much of increase reported in 2010 represents growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much results from improved data collection.
More information on changes in postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc. Doctoral degree type for postdocs was collected
for first time in 2010, and any missing data in this item were not imputed in 2010 because of lack of historical data.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and
Engineering, 2010.