TABLE 43. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Not Hispanic or Latino
Black or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
African
American
Islandera
White
More than
one racea
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
52
6,822
67
2,587
11,271
273
27
4,443
39
1,391
7,353
1,236
43
247
9
24
0
4,152
167
32
0
1,253
33
6,547
183
16
0
2
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
4
0
0
3
2
0
1
910
23
110
89
26
5
22
89
3
9
66
85
14
82
68
67
2
150
164
3
14
13
18
1
0
13
1
0
8
21
8
14
13
17
0
20
21
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
5
2
0
2
3
0
0
2
2,576
58
263
355
87
22
51
266
37
37
166
307
45
183
180
188
20
311
20
1
1
4
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
1
3
0
1
0
0
850
26
91
86
12
6
14
100
24
5
85
112
3
98
83
44
3
58
4,558
83
489
489
87
39
107
636
31
42
275
528
49
457
386
304
3
553
1
0
0
1
0
10
0
2
8
126
2
0
12
2
0
28
0
21
61
602
51
185
160
206
16
1
2
7
6
3
0
0
3
0
29
3
9
6
11
6
0
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
233
16
61
77
79
1
0
0
1
0
63
2
15
8
38
251
29
96
56
70
23
0
0
3
1
0
12
0
0
7
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
169
155
14
1
1
0
0
0
0
12
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
63
60
3
0
0
0
14
12
2
79
71
8
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesb
259
7
0
14
3
0
117
1
22
95
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
American Indian
or Alaska Native
Asiana
All surveyed fields
24,166
595
46
2,203
523
Science and engineering
15,299
372
29
1,372
Science
Agricultural sciences
13,872
447
353
10
28
2
9,352
197
997
1,068
234
73
210
1,137
106
94
611
1,090
123
851
757
640
28
1,136
237
3
23
31
3
0
16
23
9
1
6
28
3
12
21
17
0
41
22
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Field
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
Communicationb
Family and consumer sciences/human sciencesb
TABLE 43. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Not Hispanic or Latino
Black or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
African
American
Islandera
White
More than
one racea
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
0
104
1
42
181
21
0
19
2
0
3
3
0
0
0
395
46
230
106
13
4
0
1
3
0
104
12
63
26
3
920
64
560
268
28
31
5
15
11
17
6
8
3
0
0
0
0
297
49
150
98
4
0
2
2
77
18
43
16
134
5
93
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
2
1
1
2
0
1
4
2
0
12
16
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
3
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
150
3
27
2
14
3
4
20
30
0
47
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
5
2
3
0
0
6
2
0
7
70
6
8
7
4
4
3
5
9
0
24
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
136
2
6
0
34
25
8
12
6
0
14
18
0
0
1
10
26
0
2
1
14
2
0
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
291
3
7
0
63
51
39
18
12
12
29
35
0
4
1
17
7
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
138
5
0
1
39
14
18
12
1
3
21
10
0
0
1
13
806
14
22
3
141
138
75
109
25
21
84
97
0
9
11
57
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
American Indian
or Alaska Native
Asiana
374
6
2
31
7
1,611
133
986
444
48
34
2
24
7
1
4
0
3
1
0
126
6
86
31
3
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
585
95
322
168
24
12
11
1
1
0
0
1
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
Economics (except agricultural)
Geography
History and philosophy of science
Linguistics
Political science
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
302
11
44
12
23
7
10
41
48
0
106
15
0
2
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
8
1,427
25
38
5
298
234
144
158
45
37
151
166
0
13
14
99
19
1
1
0
5
4
1
2
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
Field
Neuroscienceb
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architectureb
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineeringb
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
TABLE 43. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian
or Alaska Native
Asiana
Black or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
African
American
Islandera
Field
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurologyb
Obstetrics/gynecology
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
8,867
7,619
194
271
228
115
144
636
181
864
228
56
671
345
673
121
352
432
2,108
223
165
4
5
7
1
4
10
2
13
7
0
16
16
26
2
3
7
42
17
11
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
3
1
0
0
0
1
831
714
13
19
13
8
12
59
18
101
18
5
87
28
31
9
43
39
211
250
217
0
6
10
7
3
8
3
20
1
1
28
24
28
3
4
11
60
Other health
Dental sciences
Nursing
Pharmaceutical sciences
1,248
174
49
408
58
5
3
11
6
0
0
3
117
24
4
48
33
1
8
5
White
More than
one racea
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
25
23
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
17
2,379
1,979
36
65
55
29
26
146
61
191
26
20
221
113
229
41
88
105
527
28
26
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
0
4
2
3
0
1
2
6
1,196
1,078
42
21
25
10
26
70
19
69
18
3
73
70
198
25
22
33
354
3,918
3,406
98
152
118
60
72
341
77
467
156
27
238
87
156
41
191
235
890
2
1
0
0
400
34
29
128
2
0
1
1
118
25
1
20
512
84
3
192
TABLE 43. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Not Hispanic or Latino
Field
Speech pathology/audiology
Veterinary sciences
Other health, nec
nec = not elsewhere classified.
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
American Indian
or Alaska Native
Asiana
31
236
350
2
15
22
0
1
2
3
20
18
Black or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
African
American
Islandera
2
3
14
0
1
0
White
More than
one racea
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
10
108
91
0
0
0
8
13
51
6
75
152
a Reporting of ethnicity and race in 2008–10 has been affected by changes in reporting of ethnicity and race in Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Starting in 2008 IPEDS respondents were asked to use new
classification that included category for two or more races (see http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/reic/resource.asp) and separate reporting of Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders from Asians. New classification was optional in 2008 and
2009 IPEDS but mandatory in 2010 and may have contributed to significant increase in reporting of "Not Hispanic or Latino, More than one race."
b In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as collected in 2007; "2007old" shows data as they would
have been collected in prior years. Science fields "communication" and "family and consumer sciences/human sciences" are newly eligible; data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary
studies" is also newly eligible; data may have been reported under other fields before 2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous
years. "Architecture" is reported as separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
NOTES: In 2010, postdoc section of survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for more information). Thus it is unclear how much of increase
reported in 2010 represents growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much results from improved data collection. More information on changes in postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc. Ethnicity and race of postdocs were collected for first time in 2010, and any missing data in this item were not imputed in 2010 due to lack of historical data.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.