TABLE 42. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Not Hispanic or Latino
Black or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
African
American
Islandera
White
More than
one racea
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
92
15,689
140
6,523
33,646
529
51
11,084
79
4,483
23,632
2,784
116
465
22
44
0
9,906
375
68
0
3,739
70
19,334
584
25
0
3
3
0
0
2
3
1
0
0
5
0
0
4
3
0
1
1,850
50
254
187
40
14
57
170
7
22
130
176
23
157
140
131
5
287
298
4
27
27
25
2
1
21
1
2
15
39
8
27
25
29
0
45
29
0
6
1
2
0
0
3
0
0
6
3
0
2
4
0
0
2
5,426
107
577
795
139
75
111
573
93
85
338
637
68
354
379
419
50
626
42
4
2
7
2
0
0
8
1
0
1
8
1
5
1
2
0
0
2,074
75
248
237
19
13
90
400
43
14
176
215
7
180
143
63
5
146
11,349
190
1,369
1,238
233
135
317
1,574
80
103
701
1,240
107
1,047
928
763
15
1,309
2
0
1
2
0
25
0
7
23
748
8
2
50
5
0
171
0
77
435
1,760
184
601
332
643
28
2
6
8
12
6
0
0
6
0
75
12
21
15
27
9
0
4
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
635
48
217
137
233
4
1
0
2
1
194
13
31
22
128
809
108
322
140
239
30
0
0
3
2
0
17
0
0
8
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
756
680
76
9
9
0
1
1
0
30
28
2
3
3
0
0
0
0
261
244
17
3
3
0
84
70
14
365
322
43
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesb
765
17
0
45
6
0
279
2
101
315
818
12
3
61
12
1
218
3
80
428
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
American Indian
or Alaska Native
Asiana
All surveyed fields
63,415
1,160
93
5,174
898
Science and engineering
44,051
763
59
3,371
Science
Agricultural sciences
37,095
1,195
700
24
55
4
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
21,537
437
2,533
2,555
466
240
603
2,796
238
233
1,389
2,374
219
1,797
1,656
1,448
76
2,477
444
7
47
60
6
1
25
44
12
7
22
51
5
25
32
38
1
61
60
Field
Communicationb
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Family and consumer sciences/human sciencesb
Neuroscience
b
TABLE 42. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Not Hispanic or Latino
Black or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
African
American
Islandera
White
More than
one racea
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
12
10
2
0
0
1,723
174
808
649
92
7
0
2
5
0
832
69
464
272
27
4,505
257
2,559
1,521
168
24
8
13
3
2
0
1
1
501
67
275
159
4
0
2
2
150
21
101
28
312
9
200
103
39
4
5
2
5
0
1
5
2
0
15
29
2
0
0
0
0
2
6
3
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
275
10
43
13
28
6
10
42
51
0
72
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
70
7
13
9
11
0
0
9
7
0
14
201
20
18
23
16
6
13
19
16
0
70
587
15
17
0
107
91
45
90
20
9
92
66
0
6
4
25
64
1
3
1
24
6
3
8
2
4
4
3
0
1
0
4
7
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1,178
30
13
2
181
186
114
147
65
43
157
137
1
30
4
68
11
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
1
1
0
4
0
1
0
0
744
21
0
2
172
157
70
71
3
20
102
68
0
17
3
38
4,298
122
82
5
537
638
326
773
149
85
647
550
5
52
34
293
Field
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
7,703
532
4,241
2,628
302
92
3
59
29
1
11
0
8
3
0
468
19
297
143
9
53
0
42
6
5
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
1,077
123
634
320
37
13
19
5
1
0
0
1
46
5
23
18
646
44
83
47
62
13
27
85
81
0
204
27
1
2
0
1
1
1
3
2
0
16
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
6,956
191
119
10
1,036
1,092
570
1,097
243
163
1,009
835
6
107
46
432
63
2
4
0
12
12
8
4
3
1
7
5
0
0
1
4
4
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
Economics (except agricultural)
Geography
History and philosophy of science
Linguistics
Political science
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architectureb
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineeringb
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
American Indian
or Alaska Native
Asiana
TABLE 42. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent residents: 2010
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Not Hispanic or Latino
Field
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurologyb
Obstetrics/gynecology
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
Other health
Dental sciences
Nursing
Pharmaceutical sciences
Speech pathology/audiology
Veterinary sciences
Other health, nec
nec = not elsewhere classified.
Black or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
African
American
Islandera
Total
Hispanic or
Latino
American Indian
or Alaska Native
Asiana
19,364
16,610
477
700
457
320
352
1,328
333
1,903
523
140
1,209
580
1,066
287
1,034
1,257
4,644
397
317
6
12
13
3
5
23
2
27
15
4
30
21
37
3
11
24
81
34
25
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
4
5
2
0
1
1
6
1,803
1,540
31
50
26
35
27
113
27
241
38
14
132
47
52
26
113
108
460
369
319
3
12
11
8
3
15
4
31
2
2
36
32
34
6
11
23
86
2,754
358
55
1,102
54
464
721
80
6
3
22
2
20
27
9
1
0
5
0
1
2
263
46
4
120
3
58
32
50
3
8
12
2
4
21
White
More than
one racea
Unknown
ethnicity/race
Temporary
visa holders
41
38
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
1
5
2
0
1
0
23
4,605
3,841
77
160
94
78
63
306
85
378
70
37
364
174
375
104
231
302
943
61
58
0
4
0
0
1
4
1
4
2
1
7
5
5
2
3
5
14
2,040
1,820
103
53
41
23
62
129
40
128
80
9
106
100
251
36
67
92
500
10,014
8,652
255
408
272
173
191
733
173
1,091
316
73
529
191
308
110
596
702
2,531
3
1
0
0
0
2
0
764
59
34
293
19
187
172
3
0
1
1
0
1
0
220
37
1
61
12
15
94
1,362
205
4
588
16
176
373
a Reporting of ethnicity and race in 2008–10 has been affected by changes in reporting of ethnicity and race in Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Starting in 2008 IPEDS respondents were asked to use new
classification that included category for two or more races (see http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/reic/resource.asp) and separate reporting of Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders from Asians. New classification was optional in 2008 and
2009 IPEDS but mandatory in 2010 and may have contributed to significant increase in reporting of "Not Hispanic or Latino, More than one race."
b In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as collected in 2007; "2007old" shows data as they would
have been collected in prior years. Science fields "communication" and "family and consumer sciences/human sciences" are newly eligible; data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary
studies" is also newly eligible; data may have been reported under other fields before 2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous
years. "Architecture" is reported as separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
NOTES: In 2010, postdoc section of survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for more information). Thus it is unclear how much of increase
reported in 2010 represents growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much results from improved data collection. More information on changes in postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc. Ethnicity and race of postdocs were collected for first time in 2010, and any missing data in this item were not imputed in 2010 because of lack of historical data.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2010.