TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
All surveyed fields
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Science and engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Science
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Agricultural sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
c
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Biological sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
47,240
48,555
49,343
50,712
50,840
54,164
57,805
63,415
20,156
na
21,507
na
21,147
na
22,022
na
22,103
na
24,915
na
27,105
na
29,769
1,160
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
27,084
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
27,048
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28,196
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28,690
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28,737
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
29,249
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
30,700
93
5,174
898
92
15,689
140
6,523
33,646
34,065
13,969
na
34,456
14,078
na
34,887
14,111
na
35,894
14,903
na
36,223
15,107
na
38,203
16,274
na
40,804
18,175
na
44,051
20,419
763
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20,096
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20,378
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20,776
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20,991
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
21,116
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
21,929
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
22,629
59
3,371
529
51
11,084
79
4,483
23,632
30,116
12,672
na
30,290
12,665
na
30,245
12,573
na
30,986
13,312
na
31,281
13,513
na
32,741
14,375
na
34,388
15,800
na
37,095
17,761
700
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,444
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,625
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,672
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,674
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
17,768
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
18,366
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
18,588
55
2,784
465
44
9,906
68
3,739
19,334
959
431
na
1,007
433
na
927
384
na
948
413
na
985
422
na
1,147
604
na
1,083
573
na
1,195
611
24
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
528
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
574
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
543
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
535
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
563
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
543
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
510
4
116
22
0
375
0
70
584
18,716
7,808
na
18,747
7,739
na
18,807
7,825
na
19,218
8,176
na
19,109
8,174
na
19,827
8,615
na
20,159
9,148
na
21,537
10,188
444
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
25
1,850
298
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Communicationa
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Computer sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Family and consumer sciences/human sciencesa
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
na
na
na
na
10,908
na
na
na
na
11,008
na
na
na
na
10,982
na
na
na
na
11,042
na
na
na
na
10,935
na
na
na
na
11,212
na
na
na
na
11,011
29
5,426
42
2,074
11,349
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
30
17
na
32
20
na
38
28
na
60
37
2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
13
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
12
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
10
0
1
2
0
25
0
7
23
384
162
na
406
164
na
467
168
na
516
191
na
456
166
na
493
195
na
594
272
na
748
313
8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
222
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
242
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
299
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
325
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
290
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
298
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
322
2
50
5
0
171
0
77
435
1,263
695
na
1,364
739
na
1,495
735
na
1,322
671
na
1,250
612
na
1,339
643
na
1,424
714
na
1,760
951
28
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
568
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
625
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
760
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
651
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
638
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
696
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
710
6
75
9
0
635
4
194
809
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
8
4
na
19
15
na
22
15
na
30
22
0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
7
0
3
2
0
17
0
0
8
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Mathematical sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesa
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Neurosciencea
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Physical sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Psychologyb
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
468
212
na
500
263
na
579
283
na
621
303
na
624
303
na
723
356
na
737
383
na
756
391
9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
256
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
237
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
296
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
318
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
321
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
367
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
354
1
30
3
0
261
3
84
365
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
ne
ne
na
244
156
na
348
193
na
459
237
na
765
450
17
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
ne
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
88
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
155
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
222
0
45
6
0
279
2
101
315
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
285
123
na
343
140
na
645
339
na
818
390
12
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
162
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
203
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
306
3
61
12
1
218
3
80
428
7,059
2,491
na
7,011
2,484
na
6,703
2,337
na
6,760
2,478
na
6,719
2,470
na
6,885
2,512
na
7,447
2,834
na
7,703
3,198
92
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,568
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,527
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,366
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,282
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,249
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,373
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,613
11
468
53
12
1,723
7
832
4,505
902
626
na
884
585
na
873
603
na
1,106
740
na
1,088
733
na
1,077
753
na
1,219
892
na
1,077
765
37
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1
46
24
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Social sciences
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Aerospace engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Agricultural engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
c
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
na
na
na
na
276
na
na
na
na
299
na
na
na
na
270
na
na
na
na
366
na
na
na
na
355
na
na
na
na
324
na
na
na
na
327
2
501
4
150
312
365
247
na
371
258
na
394
238
na
495
340
na
483
333
na
508
329
na
561
365
na
646
445
27
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
118
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
156
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
155
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
150
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
179
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
196
2
39
29
0
275
3
70
201
3,949
1,297
na
4,166
1,413
na
4,642
1,538
na
4,908
1,591
na
4,942
1,594
na
5,462
1,899
na
6,416
2,375
na
6,956
2,658
63
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
2,652
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
2,753
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,104
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,317
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,348
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3,563
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4,041
4
587
64
7
1,178
11
744
4,298
141
46
na
153
56
na
165
48
na
178
59
na
178
59
na
154
56
na
168
69
na
191
69
2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
95
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
97
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
117
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
119
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
119
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
98
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
99
0
15
1
0
30
0
21
122
79
25
na
89
22
na
116
34
na
139
26
na
139
26
na
135
38
na
110
32
na
119
37
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
54
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
67
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
82
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
97
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
78
0
17
3
0
13
0
0
82
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Architecturea
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Biomedical engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Chemical engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Civil engineeringa
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Electrical engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
5
1
na
11
4
na
22
13
na
10
5
0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
7
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
9
0
0
1
0
2
0
2
5
425
206
na
477
227
na
591
230
na
640
289
na
640
289
na
710
315
na
960
451
na
1,036
499
12
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
219
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
250
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
361
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
351
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
351
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
395
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
509
1
107
24
1
181
1
172
537
689
227
na
702
246
na
735
216
na
758
265
na
790
272
na
880
299
na
1,084
408
na
1,092
454
12
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
462
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
456
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
519
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
493
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
518
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
581
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
676
0
91
6
2
186
0
157
638
313
105
na
384
139
na
458
203
na
419
164
na
417
159
na
465
171
na
535
212
na
570
244
8
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
208
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
245
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
255
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
255
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
258
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
294
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
323
2
45
3
0
114
2
70
326
654
191
na
689
248
na
721
233
na
885
246
na
884
247
na
987
375
na
1,025
323
na
1,097
324
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1
90
8
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Engineering science
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Industrial engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Mechanical engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Metallurgical/materials engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
c
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
na
na
na
na
463
na
na
na
na
441
na
na
na
na
488
na
na
na
na
639
na
na
na
na
637
na
na
na
na
612
na
na
na
na
702
2
147
1
71
773
180
56
na
168
53
na
224
82
na
192
59
na
183
55
na
214
101
na
226
112
na
243
94
3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
124
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
115
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
142
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
133
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
128
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
113
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
114
0
20
2
0
65
1
3
149
50
16
na
51
16
na
51
17
na
73
23
na
71
19
na
115
36
na
109
50
na
163
78
1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
34
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
35
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
34
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
50
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
52
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
79
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
59
0
9
4
0
43
1
20
85
514
158
na
562
150
na
644
174
na
725
199
na
722
198
na
784
224
na
948
281
na
1,009
362
7
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
356
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
412
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
470
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
526
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
524
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
560
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
667
0
92
4
0
157
0
102
647
567
166
na
578
160
na
571
180
na
555
136
na
564
141
na
605
147
na
758
243
na
835
285
5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
401
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
418
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
391
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
419
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
423
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
458
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
515
0
66
3
2
137
4
68
550
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Mining engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Nuclear engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Petroleum engineering
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Engineering, nec
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asianc
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
Temporary visa holders
Healtha
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
c
Asian
Black or African American
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
9
3
na
8
3
na
11
5
na
4
2
na
5
2
na
5
1
na
4
1
na
6
1
0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
2
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
67
25
na
41
13
na
85
27
na
77
26
na
73
25
na
85
31
na
90
35
na
107
55
0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
42
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
28
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
58
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
51
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
48
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
54
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
55
0
6
1
0
30
1
17
52
14
3
na
13
3
na
18
3
na
22
7
na
22
7
na
28
5
na
36
12
na
46
12
1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
11
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
23
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
24
0
4
0
0
4
0
3
34
247
70
na
251
77
na
252
86
na
241
90
na
249
94
na
284
96
na
341
133
na
432
139
4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
177
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
174
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
166
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
151
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
155
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
188
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
208
0
25
4
0
68
0
38
293
13,175
6,187
na
14,099
7,429
na
14,456
7,036
na
14,818
7,119
na
14,617
6,996
na
15,961
8,641
na
17,001
8,930
na
19,364
9,350
397
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
34
1,803
369
TABLE 34. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race of U.S. citizens and permanent
residents: 2004–10
Field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanderc
White
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
More than one racec
Unknown ethnicity/race
na
na
na
na
Temporary visa holders
6,988
6,670
7,420
7,699
na = not applicable; data were not collected at this level of detail. ne = not eligible; data were not collected for this field in prior years.
2007newa
2008
2009
2010b
na
na
na
na
7,621
na
na
na
na
7,320
na
na
na
na
8,071
41
4,605
61
2,040
10,014
nec = not elsewhere classified.
a In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data
as collected in 2007; "2007old" reflects data as they would have been collected under 2006 methodology. Science fields "communication" and "family and consumer
science/human science" are newly eligible; data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies" is also newly eligible; data may
have been reported under other fields before 2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field "neurology" in
2007old and previous years. "Architecture" is reported as separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under "civil engineering" in 2007old and previous years.
See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
b In 2010, postdoc section of survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for more
information). Thus it is unclear how much of increase reported in 2010 represents growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much results from improved data collection. More
information on changes in postdoc data will be available in forthcoming InfoBrief at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc. Ethnicity and race of postdocs were collected for first
time in 2010, and any missing data in this item were not imputed in 2010 because of lack of historical data.
c Reporting of ethnicity and race in 2008–10 has been affected by changes in reporting of ethnicity and race in Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
Starting in 2008 IPEDS respondents were asked to use new classification that included category for two or more races (see http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/reic/resource.asp) and
separate reporting of Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders from Asians. New classification was optional in 2008 and 2009 IPEDS but mandatory in 2010 and may have
contributed to significant increase in reporting of "Not Hispanic or Latino, More than one race."
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and
Engineering.